Fixture, chamfering device and method for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical cross holes

Abstract

The present invention provides a fixture, a chamfering processing device and a method for chamfering the edges of the intersection of two vertical cross holes. Through a special structural design, when the installation shaft rotates, the tool can be driven to rotate while also moving along a cam with a special profile, and the movement trajectory of the tool is consistent with the trajectory of the edges of the intersection of the cross holes, thereby realizing the chamfering of the edges formed by the intersection of the inner surfaces of two vertical cross holes on shaft parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mechanical maintenance, and in particular to a fixture, a chamfering processing device and a method for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical cross holes. Background Art

[0002] In the repair of aviation spare parts, a shaft part has multiple vertically intersecting holes (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure), in order to avoid stress concentration, the edges of the inner surface and the inner surface of these cross holes need to be chamfered. Moreover, the formed edge is a curve, and the processing tool has to remove material along the curved edge, which is quite difficult.

[0003] In view of the above reasons, it is necessary to design a special fixture and chamfering processing device that can chamfer the edges of the inner surface of the cross hole. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a fixture, a chamfering device and a method for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical cross holes.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A fixture for chamfering the edges of two vertical intersecting holes, the special feature of which is that it includes an upper closing arc, a lower closing arc, a mounting shaft, a cam, a spindle, a bearing, a first bushing, a second bushing, a first spring, a washer, a second spring and a long screw / bolt;

[0007] The upper closing arc has the same structure as the lower closing arc. Its inner wall surface is an arc surface with a through hole in the middle of the arc surface. The two sides of the arc surface extend radially outward to form a connecting portion. The upper closing arc and the lower closing arc are butted up and down, and the inner wall forms a cavity for clamping the workpiece to be processed. The through holes can be aligned with the holes to be processed on the workpiece.

[0008] The mounting shaft is a stepped shaft, one end of which has a threaded hole for coupling with the long screw / bolt, and a tool mounting groove for mounting a tool and transmitting torque is formed axially inward from the end face of the threaded hole; the other end of the mounting shaft is used to mount a manual crank so that it can be driven to rotate by the manual crank; a through hole for mounting the spindle is formed radially along the waist of the mounting shaft;

[0009] The cam includes a coaxially connected cam mounting seat and a cam body, the cam mounting seat is used to connect with the lower closing arc / upper closing arc, and the upper surface of the cam body is a cam profile, the shape and size of the cam profile are consistent with the curve after the edge is expanded;

[0010] The spindle is a stepped shaft with a larger middle portion and smaller ends, and its ends are used to mount the bearings. The middle stepped surface and the inner wall of the through hole at the bottom of the lower arc jointly limit the axial position of the bearing.

[0011] The end of the mounting shaft with a threaded hole is inserted into the through hole of the bottom of the lower closing arc. The first spring, the washer, the second bushing, and the cam are sequentially inserted into the end of the mounting shaft with the threaded hole and installed on the mounting shaft. The spindle is installed in the through hole of the mounting shaft. Two bearings are respectively installed at both ends of the spindle. The cam body of the cam is located in the inner hole of the bottom of the lower closing arc. The cam mounting seat of the cam is connected to the connecting portion of the lower closing arc.

[0012] The long screw / bolt is screwed in from the top of the mounting shaft, passes through the inner hole of the tool and is engaged with the threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft;

[0013] The second spring is installed outside the long screw / bolt, one end of which is used to contact the upper end of the tool, and the other end is in contact with the step surface of the long screw / bolt itself, for assisting in adjusting the cutting depth;

[0014] The first bushing is sleeved outside the mounting shaft and is located between the hole of the part to be processed and the mounting shaft to protect the part to be processed; the second bushing is located between the inner hole of the cam and the mounting shaft to protect the mounting shaft;

[0015] When the mounting shaft rotates, under the action of the first spring, the bearing always rolls close to the cam surface, and the bearing drives the mounting shaft to move up and down while rotating through the central shaft, so as to enable the tool connected to the end of the mounting shaft to move up and down and move along the curve of the edge.

[0016] Furthermore, the tool mounting groove is a straight groove, which is used to cooperate with the boss at the bottom of the tool to form a coupling-type connection.

[0017] Furthermore, the first bushing and the second bushing are both made of copper.

[0018] The present invention also provides a chamfering processing device for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical cross holes, including a tool; its special feature is that it also includes the above-mentioned fixture; the middle part of the tool has an inner hole for the long screw / bolt to pass through, and the bottom has a boss; the tool is connected to the mounting shaft by cooperating with the tool mounting groove at the end of the mounting shaft through the boss.

[0019] Furthermore, the tool is a double-edged scraper.

[0020] Furthermore, the blade of the double-edged scraper is made of high-speed steel or hard alloy.

[0021] Furthermore, the tool is a diamond grinding wheel.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for chamfering the edges of two vertical intersecting holes using the above-mentioned chamfering device, which is special in that it includes the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Clamp the parts to be processed:

[0024] Use the upper and lower closing arcs to clamp the workpiece to be processed, and the through hole at the top of the upper closing arc and the through hole at the bottom of the lower closing arc should be aligned with the holes to be processed on the workpiece to be processed;

[0025] Step 2: Assemble the movement mechanism:

[0026] Insert the first spring, washer, second bushing, and cam sequentially through the threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft and install them on the mounting shaft. Then insert the mandrel into the through hole on the waist of the mounting shaft. Then install bearings at both ends of the mandrel. Finally, insert the entire assembled set of parts through the through hole at the bottom of the lower closing arc and install it on the lower closing arc. Adjust so that the screw holes on the cam base are aligned with the threaded holes at the bottom of the lower closing arc to securely connect the cam to the lower closing arc.

[0027] Step 3: Install the tool:

[0028] Install the first bushing, the cutter and the second spring in sequence from the through hole at the top of the upper arc, and then screw the long screw / bolt from the through hole at the top of the upper arc into the threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft. The screwing depth of the long screw / bolt can be increased from shallow to deep, and gradually deepened as the chamfering scraping amount increases;

[0029] Step 4: Chamfering

[0030] Rotate the mounting shaft so that the tool moves up and down while rotating driven by the mounting shaft, thereby chamfering the edge;

[0031] Step 5: After removing the chamfering device, adjust the part to be processed 180 degrees, and then use the same method as steps 1-4 to process the chamfer of another edge.

[0032] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0033] The present invention has a special structural design. When the mounting shaft rotates, it can drive the tool to rotate and move along the cam of the special profile. The movement trajectory of the tool is consistent with the trajectory of the intersecting edge of the cross hole, thereby realizing chamfering of the edge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a certain shaft-type processing part with vertically intersecting holes.

[0035] Figure 2It is a cross-sectional view of the chamfering processing device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view (from another direction) of the chamfering processing device of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lower arc in the chamfering processing device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the installation shaft in the chamfering processing device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cam in the chamfering processing device of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the scraper in the chamfering processing device of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the central axis of the chamfering processing device of the present invention.

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] 1-Cam, 2-Lower closing arc, 3-Bearing, 4-Spindle, 5-Mounting shaft, 6-Second spring, 7-Scraper, 8-First bushing, 9-Second bushing, 10-Washer, 11-First spring, 12-Long screw, 13-Lower closing arc, 14-Hexagon socket screw, 15-Slotted countersunk screw, 16-Cam profile, 17-Screw through hole, 18-Inner hole, 19-Shoulder, 20-Blade, 21-Slotted slot, 22-Through hole, 23-Limiting step, 24-Threaded hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] In this embodiment, the processed parts are as follows Figure 1 As shown, it is a shaft part with two vertical cross holes. The edges formed on the inner surfaces of the two vertical cross holes need to be processed with 1×45° chamfers.

[0046] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the chamfering processing device for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical cross holes provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper closing arc 13, a lower closing arc 2, a mounting shaft 5, a cam 1, a spindle 4, a bearing 3, a scraper 7, a first bushing 8, a second bushing 9, a first spring 11, a second spring 6 and a long screw 12.

[0047] The upper closing arc 13 has the same structure as the lower closing arc 2. Figure 4As shown, its inner wall is an arc surface, with a through hole in the middle of the arc surface, and the two sides of the arc surface extend radially outward to form a connecting portion; the upper arc 13 and the lower arc 2 are butted up and down, and the inner wall forms a cylindrical cavity. When chamfering, Figure 1 The shaft-shaped workpiece passes through the cylindrical cavity and is held (clamped) by the upper closing arc 13 and the lower closing arc 2, and the through holes on the upper closing arc 13 and the lower closing arc can be aligned with the holes to be processed on the workpiece.

[0048] like Figure 5 As shown, the mounting shaft 5 is a stepped shaft with a threaded hole at one end, and a slotted groove is provided axially inward from the end face at the threaded hole, wherein the threaded hole is used to match the long screw 12, and the slotted groove is used to install the scraper 7; the other end of the mounting shaft 5 is used to install a manual crank so that the mounting shaft 7 can be driven to rotate by the manual crank; the portion where the mounting shaft 5 and the manual crank cooperate can be designed as a triangular prism, and accordingly, one end of the manual crank has an inner triangular hole, and the two cooperate to realize torque transmission; a through hole 22 is provided radially on the upper edge of the waist of the mounting shaft 5, and the through hole 22 is used to install the spindle 4.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, the cam 1 includes a cam mounting seat and a cam body that are coaxially connected. A plurality of screw through holes 17 are evenly distributed along the circumference on the cam mounting seat, and the upper surface of the cam body is a cam profile 16. Research and analysis show that the edge formed by the intersection of the inner surfaces of the two vertical cross holes on the processed part is a sine curve when unfolded along the circumference. Therefore, the shape and size of the cam profile 16 are designed to be consistent with the sine curve. In this way, when the scraper 7 is driven to move by the cam 1, the movement trajectory of the scraper 7 can be consistent with the sine curve, so that the scraper 7 moves along the edge and chamfers the edge.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, the scraper 7 is a double-edged 45° scraper with an inner hole 18 and a shoulder 19. The inner hole 18 is for the mounting shaft 5 to pass through to mount the scraper 7 on the mounting shaft 5. The shoulder 19 is used to cooperate with the slot 21 at the end of the mounting shaft 5 to form a coupling-like connection to transmit torque. In this way, when the mounting shaft 5 rotates, the scraper 7 rotates accordingly. The blade 20 of the scraper 7 is made of high-speed steel (e.g., W6Mo5Cr4V2) or cemented carbide (e.g., YT15). In other embodiments, the scraper 7 can also be made of a diamond grinding wheel. Compared with scrapers made of high-speed steel or cemented carbide, diamond grinding wheels can improve the roughness level of the chamfered surface.

[0051] like Figure 8 As shown, the spindle 3 is a stepped shaft with a large middle portion and small ends, and its ends are used to install bearings 3. The middle step surface and the inner wall of the through hole at the bottom of the lower arc 2 jointly limit the axial position of the bearing 3.

[0052] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the end of the mounting shaft 5 with a straight hole and a threaded hole passes through the through hole at the bottom of the lower arc 2, and the first spring 11, washer 10, second bushing 9 and cam 1 are successively passed through the end of the mounting shaft 5 with a threaded hole and installed on the mounting shaft 5, the spindle 4 is installed in the through hole 22 on the waist of the mounting shaft 5, and two bearings 3 are respectively installed at the two ends of the spindle 4, the cam body of the cam 1 is located in the inner hole at the bottom of the lower arc 2, and the cam mounting seat of the cam 1 and the connection part of the lower arc 2 are fixedly connected by slotted countersunk screws 15; after assembly, a certain preload force is applied to the first spring 11 through the step on the waist of the mounting shaft 5, so that it is always in a compressed state; the bearing 3 serves as a transmission intermediary between the mounting shaft 5 and the cam 1. Under the action of the first spring 11, the bearing 3 always rolls tightly against the surface of the cam 1. Since the bearing 3 is connected to the spindle 4, the curved motion of the bearing 3 along the cam profile 16 is converted into the up and down motion of the spindle 4, and then the spindle 4 drives the mounting shaft 5 During the rotation process, the scraper 7 at the end of the mounting shaft 5 also moves up and down, causing it to move along the edge formed on the inner surface of the cross hole and apply pressure to the edge to remove material and form a chamfer, thus completing the chamfering process. Because the friction between the bearing 3 and the cam 1 is rolling, the friction is very small, making the chamfering process more labor-saving.

[0053] Long screw 12 is screwed into the mounting shaft 5 from above, passing through inner hole 18 of scraper 7 and then mating with a threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft 5. A second spring 6 is mounted on the outside of long screw 12, with one end contacting the upper end of scraper 7 and the other end contacting the stepped surface of long screw 12, assisting in adjusting the cutting depth. The synergistic action of long screw 12 and second spring 6 ensures that scraper 7 slowly approaches the edge to be chamfered during installation.

[0054] A first bushing 8 is also sleeved on the outside of the mounting shaft 5, and the first bushing 8 is located between the scraper 7 and the cam 1; the first bushing 8 and the second bushing 9 are both made of copper material. When in use, the first bushing 8 is located between the hole on the part to be processed and the mounting shaft 5, and can protect the hole of the part to be processed from being scratched or worn when the mounting shaft 5 rotates. The second bushing 9 is located between the inner hole of the cam 4 and the mounting shaft 5, and can protect the mounting shaft 5 and prevent the mounting shaft 5 from wearing.

[0055] The method of using the chamfering processing device of the present invention:

[0056] Step 1: Use the upper closing arc 13 and the lower closing arc 2 to clamp the workpiece to be processed, and the through hole at the top of the upper closing arc 13 and the through hole at the bottom of the lower closing arc 12 should be aligned with the holes to be processed on the workpiece to be processed.

[0057] Step 2: Insert the first spring 11, washer 10, second bushing 9 and cam 1 in sequence from the end of the mounting shaft 5 with the threaded hole and install them on the mounting shaft 5, then insert the spindle 4 into the through hole on the waist of the mounting shaft 5, and then install bearings 3 at both ends of the spindle 4, and then insert this assembled set of parts as a whole from the through hole at the bottom of the lower arc 2, install it on the lower arc 2, and adjust so that the screw through hole on the base of the cam 1 is aligned with the threaded hole at the bottom of the lower arc 2, and finally fix the cam 1 to the lower arc 2 by screwing in and tightening four slotted countersunk screws 15.

[0058] Step 3. Install the first bushing 8, scraper 7 and second spring 6 in sequence from the through hole at the top of the upper arc 13, and then screw the long screw 12 from the through hole at the top of the upper arc 13 into the threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft 5. The screwing depth of the long screw 12 can be from shallow to deep, and gradually deepened as the chamfering scraping amount increases.

[0059] Step 4. After the parts to be processed and the fixture are assembled in place according to the above steps, a manual crank is installed at the lower end of the mounting shaft 5. The manual crank is operated to rotate the mounting shaft 5. The scraper 7 is driven by the mounting shaft 5 to rotate and move up and down, thereby chamfering the edges.

[0060] Step 5: After removing the chamfering device, adjust the part to be processed 180 degrees, and then use the same method as steps 1-4 to process the chamfer of another edge.

[0061] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention. Axial hole, The present invention is described by taking the part to be processed with a vertical hole as an example. In actual production and processing, there are also axial holes as Vertical hole for The structural design principle of the fixture is the same as that of the above embodiment.

Claims

1. A fixture for chamfering the edges of two vertical intersecting holes, characterized by: Includes upper closing arc, lower closing arc, mounting shaft, cam, spindle, bearing, first bushing, second bushing, first spring, washer, second spring and long screw / bolt; The upper closing arc has the same structure as the lower closing arc. Its inner wall surface is an arc surface with a through hole in the middle of the arc surface. The two sides of the arc surface extend radially outward to form a connecting portion. The upper closing arc and the lower closing arc are butted up and down, and the inner wall forms a cavity for clamping the workpiece to be processed. The through holes can be aligned with the holes to be processed on the workpiece. The mounting shaft is a stepped shaft, one end of which has a threaded hole for coupling with the long screw / bolt, and the threaded hole is provided with a tool mounting groove for mounting a tool and capable of transmitting torque axially inwardly from the end face; the other end of the mounting shaft is used to mount a manual crank so as to be driven to rotate by the manual crank; a through hole for mounting the spindle is provided radially along the waist of the mounting shaft; The cam includes a coaxially connected cam mounting seat and a cam body, the cam mounting seat is used to connect with the lower closing arc / upper closing arc, and the upper surface of the cam body is a cam profile, the shape and size of the cam profile are consistent with the curve after the edge is expanded; The spindle is a stepped shaft with a larger middle portion and smaller ends, and its ends are used to mount the bearings. The middle stepped surface and the inner wall of the through hole at the bottom of the lower arc jointly limit the axial position of the bearing. The end of the mounting shaft with a threaded hole is inserted into the through hole of the bottom of the lower closing arc, the first spring, the washer, the second bushing and the cam are sequentially inserted into the end of the mounting shaft with the threaded hole and installed on the mounting shaft, the spindle is installed in the through hole of the mounting shaft, the two bearings are respectively installed at the two ends of the spindle, the cam body of the cam is located in the inner hole of the bottom of the lower closing arc, and the cam mounting seat of the cam is connected to the connecting portion of the lower closing arc; The long screw / bolt is screwed in from the top of the mounting shaft, passes through the inner hole of the tool and is engaged with the threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft; The second spring is installed outside the long screw / bolt, one end of which is used to contact the upper end of the tool, and the other end is in contact with the step surface of the long screw / bolt itself, for assisting in adjusting the cutting depth; The first bushing is sleeved outside the mounting shaft and is located between the hole of the part to be processed and the mounting shaft to protect the part to be processed; The second bushing is located between the inner hole of the cam and the mounting shaft and is used to protect the mounting shaft; When the mounting shaft rotates, under the action of the first spring, the bearing always rolls close to the cam surface, and the bearing drives the mounting shaft to move up and down while rotating through the central shaft, so as to enable the tool connected to the end of the mounting shaft to move up and down and move along the curve of the edge.

2. The fixture for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical intersecting holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool mounting groove is a straight groove, which is used to cooperate with the boss at the bottom of the tool to form a coupling-type connection.

3. The fixture for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical intersecting holes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first bushing and the second bushing are both made of copper.

4. A chamfering device for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical intersecting holes, comprising a tool; characterized in that: It also includes the clamp described in any one of claims 1-3; the middle part of the tool has an inner hole for the long screw / bolt to pass through, and the bottom has a boss; the tool is connected to the mounting shaft by cooperating with the tool mounting groove at the end of the mounting shaft through the boss.

5. The chamfering device for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical intersecting holes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutter is a double-edged scraper.

6. The chamfering device for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical intersecting holes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The blade of the double-edged scraper is made of high-speed steel or hard alloy.

7. The chamfering device for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical intersecting holes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutter is a diamond grinding wheel.

8. A method for chamfering the intersecting edges of two vertical intersecting holes using the chamfering device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Clamp the parts to be processed: Use the upper and lower closing arcs to clamp the workpiece to be processed, and the through hole at the top of the upper closing arc and the through hole at the bottom of the lower closing arc should be aligned with the holes to be processed on the workpiece to be processed; Step 2: Assemble the movement mechanism: Insert the first spring, washer, second bushing and cam into the threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft and install them on the mounting shaft in sequence. Then insert the mandrel into the through hole on the waist of the mounting shaft. Then install bearings at both ends of the mandrel. Finally, insert the entire assembled set of parts into the through hole at the bottom of the lower closing arc and install it on the lower closing arc. Adjust so that the screw through hole on the cam base is aligned with the threaded hole at the bottom of the lower closing arc to securely connect the cam to the lower closing arc. Step 3: Install the tool: Install the first bushing, the cutter and the second spring in sequence from the through hole at the top of the upper arc, and then screw the long screw / bolt from the through hole at the top of the upper arc into the threaded hole at the end of the mounting shaft. The screwing depth of the long screw / bolt can be increased from shallow to deep, and gradually deepened as the chamfering scraping amount increases; Step 4: Chamfering Rotate the mounting shaft so that the tool moves up and down while rotating driven by the mounting shaft, thereby chamfering the edge; Step 5: After removing the chamfering device, adjust the part to be processed 180 degrees, and then use the same method as steps 1-4 to process the chamfer of another edge.

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