A multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device and its metallurgical method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device and its metallurgical method, including a first-stage step separation layer, a second-stage step separation layer, and a third-stage step separation layer. The first-stage step separation layer includes a step body and a step lifting mechanism. The step body includes a step box body and a step precipitation bottom. The step box body is slidably connected to the step lifting mechanism, and the bottom of the step lifting mechanism is connected to the step precipitation bottom. The second-stage step separation layer includes a step frame body and a second step lifting mechanism. The left side of the step frame body is connected to the step lifting mechanism, the right side of the step frame body is connected to the second step lifting mechanism, and the second step lifting mechanism is connected to the third-stage step separation layer. Through the multi-stage design, solid-liquid separation can be carried out quickly. At the same time, the separation efficiency is ensured through the three-stage step separation, without a long precipitation cycle, and the separated metals and compounds are centrally processed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, and in particular to a multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device and a metallurgical method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrometallurgy is the process of chemically treating metal mineral raw materials in an acidic or alkaline aqueous solution or extracting them with organic solvents, separating impurities, and extracting metals and their compounds. For some special metal mineral raw materials, traditional pyrometallurgy cannot be used, and they can only be separated by chemical solvents. This method of refining metals is hydrometallurgy. The overall effect of the process of solid-liquid separation by precipitation in the prior art is not good. At the same time, solid-liquid separation by natural precipitation will also cause the liquid doped in the liquid to react slowly, which is not conducive to further reaction and thus produces too much metal element or compound particle solid. The present invention aims to design a method that can accelerate the hydrometallurgical reaction and can quickly and timely separate the precipitate and compound for solid-liquid separation, so as to effectively and timely separate the solid and liquid.

[0003] The existing patent CN201220237007.1 provides a solid-liquid separator for nickel ore hydrometallurgy. During filtration, a slanted bottom is set on the bottom of the box to carry out deposition, and the slurry enters the U-shaped groove through impact and is transmitted by the blades driven by the transmission shaft. However, due to the large impact of the water flow and the pushing of the blades, the deposited raw materials will also be pushed, resulting in a fast separation speed and low separation efficiency. Part of the sediment will be carried away by the liquid, resulting in a low utilization rate of the separated sediment. The multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device and its metallurgical method designed by the present invention improve the solid-liquid separation of the precipitate through a multi-stage design, and at the same time recover the filtered liquid for secondary filtration reaction to ensure the secondary utilization of the reaction liquid, while improving the object recovery efficiency to ensure reuse next time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device and a metallurgical method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. The multi-stage design can quickly carry out solid-liquid separation, and at the same time, the separation efficiency can be guaranteed through three-stage separation. It does not require a long sedimentation cycle and can centrally process the separated metals and compounds.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A multi - stage hydrometallurgy solid - liquid separation device includes a first - stage stepped separation layer, a second - stage stepped separation layer, and a third - stage stepped separation layer. The first - stage stepped separation layer is arranged at the upper left of the second - stage stepped separation layer, and the second - stage stepped separation layer is arranged at the upper left of the third - stage stepped separation layer. The first - stage stepped separation layer includes a stepped body and a stepped lifting mechanism. The stepped body includes a stepped box body and a stepped precipitation bottom. The stepped box body is slidably connected to the stepped lifting mechanism, and the bottom of the stepped lifting mechanism is connected to the stepped precipitation bottom. The second - stage stepped separation layer includes a stepped frame body and a second stepped lifting mechanism. The left side of the stepped frame body is connected to the stepped lifting mechanism, the right side of the stepped frame body is connected to the second stepped lifting mechanism, and the second stepped lifting mechanism is connected to the third - stage stepped separation layer. The third - stage stepped separation layer includes a grading collection box and a filtering bottom net. The left side of the grading collection box is connected to the second stepped lifting mechanism. A pumping - out mechanism is arranged at the stepped precipitation bottom of the first - stage stepped separation layer, and the pumping - out mechanism is connected to the third - stage stepped separation layer.

[0007] The stepped precipitation bottom includes a stepped precipitation layer. A precipitation net is arranged in the stepped precipitation layer. A precipitation collection box is arranged at the lower end of the precipitation net. The precipitation collection box is connected to the pumping - out mechanism. A conical collection arc plate is arranged between the collection box and the precipitation net. The conical collection arc plate is installed on the stepped precipitation layer at the upper end of the precipitation collection box.

[0008] The conical collection arc plate includes an upper - layer arc plate, a second - layer arc plate, a third - layer arc plate, and a lower - layer arc plate. The lower - layer arc plate is embedded in the third - layer arc plate, the third - layer arc plate is embedded in the second - layer arc plate, and the second - layer arc plate is embedded in the upper - layer arc plate. The upper - layer arc plate, the second - layer arc plate, the third - layer arc plate, and the lower - layer arc plate are slidably connected through slide rails. One end of a lifting chain is connected to the outer circumference of the bottom of the lower - layer arc plate, and the other end of the lifting chain is connected to the stepped lifting mechanism. The lifting chains are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear side plates of the stepped box body, and the front and rear side plates are in transmission with the lifting chains through pulleys.

[0009] The stepped lifting mechanism includes a lifting plate. The two sides of the lifting plate are respectively connected to the right side surface of the stepped box body. The lower end of the lifting plate is connected to a sedimentation tank on one side of the stepped precipitation bottom. A blocking plate is arranged at the upper end of the sedimentation tank. The lifting plate is embedded in the blocking plate. The blocking plate is higher than the precipitation collection box. Lifting power mechanisms are installed on both sides of the lifting plate. The lifting power mechanism includes a power motor and a power chain. The power motor is installed on the stepped box body on one side of the lifting plate. The power chain is slidably connected to the power motor. The other end of the lifting chain is connected to the upper end of the lifting plate.

[0010] The second stepped lifting mechanism includes a lifting fixed seat and a second lifting plate. The lifting fixed seat is installed on the stepped frame body. A lifting motor and a lifting pull rod are arranged on the lifting fixed seat. The lifting pull rod is connected to the second lifting plate. A filter net body is arranged at the bottom of the second lifting plate. A popping-up device is arranged at the lower end of the filter net body. The popping-up device is installed on the bottom surface of the secondary stepped separation layer. A sediment bottom blowing device is arranged on the bottom surface. The popping-up device is installed in a groove on one side of the bottom surface of the secondary stepped separation layer.

[0011] The popping-up device includes an elastic base and a spring. The upper end of the spring is connected to the lower end of the filter net body. The lower end of the spring is fixedly installed on the elastic base. The popping-up height of the spring is slightly less than the depth of the groove. The filter net body includes a filter net structure and a rotating structure. The filter net structure is a square structure. The left and right sides of the filter net structure are respectively filter openings. The upper and lower end faces of the filter net structure are respectively sealing interfaces. The filter net structure is rotationally connected to the rotating structure. The rotating structure includes a rotating base and a rotating frame. A rotating disc is installed on the rotating frame. The popping-up device is installed at the lower end of the rotating base.

[0012] The sediment bottom blowing device includes a plurality of bottom blowing pipes and bottom blowing trough pits. The plurality of bottom blowing pipes are respectively and evenly arranged on the bottom surface. The bottom blowing pipes are inclined at an angle of 15° to the right with the bottom surface as the reference. The bottom blowing trough pits are arranged at the same inclination angle as the bottom blowing pipes. The front end of the bottom blowing pipe is a cut angle extending 15 - 20 cm. A bottom blowing control switch is arranged on one side of the upper end in the groove. The bottom blowing control switch is controlled by popping up and touching through a spring.

[0013] A filter bottom net is arranged at the lower end of the grading collection box. The grading collection box is provided with a pumping-out pipe orifice. The pumping-out mechanism is connected to the pumping-out pipe orifice. The pumping-out mechanism includes a pumping-out arc groove, a pumping-out valve and a pumping-out pipe. The pumping-out arc groove is arranged in the sediment collection box. A pumping-out valve is arranged at the lower end of the pumping-out arc groove. The pumping-out valve is connected to the pumping-out pipe. The pumping-out pipe is connected to the pumping-out pipe orifice.

[0014] A recovery pipe is arranged at the lower end of the filter bottom net. A recovery pump is arranged on the recovery pipe. The recovery pipe is connected to the secondary stepped separation layer.

[0015] A usage method of a multi-layer hydrometallurgy solid-liquid separation device includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: Place the solid residue mixture into the step box within the first-stage step separation layer. Through primary precipitation, a large amount of precipitate is obtained. The precipitate descends onto the upper arc plate, the second-layer arc plate, the third-layer arc plate, and the lower arc plate respectively through static precipitation. The solid precipitate is collected statically. As the precipitate accumulates and increases, it gradually sinks into the precipitation collection box. With the continuous collection by the collection box, the precipitate increases. To ensure the underwater collection of the precipitate solution, the step lifting mechanism drives the lifting plate to move downward;

[0017] S2: The upper-layer filtered solution flows into the step frame of the second-stage step separation layer. During this process, the descent of the lifting plate drives the lifting of the pulling chain, and the pulling chain drives the lower arc plate, the third-layer arc plate, and the second-layer arc plate to rise. At the same time, the precipitate on the lower arc plate, the third-layer arc plate, and the second-layer arc plate is scraped off and sinks into the precipitation collection box. The precipitate is evacuated to the third-stage step separation layer for separation through the extraction valve at the bottom of the precipitation collection box;

[0018] S3: The upper-layer filtered solution and the precipitate are poured from the first-stage step separation layer to the second-stage step separation layer to accelerate the reaction to form a precipitate, and continue to precipitate within the second-stage step separation layer. At this time, there is less precipitate. After continuously precipitating and accumulating to a certain layer thickness, the lifting motor on the lifting fixed seat drives the second lifting plate to rise, and the spring rises. During the rising process, the bottom blowing control switch is turned on to perform bottom blowing on the bottom precipitate to increase the flow while crushing the larger particles through the treatment of bottom blowing. At the same time, bottom blowing can accelerate the reaction of the liquid and improve the metal separation efficiency. They all quickly pass through the filter body to reach the third-stage step separation layer, which can prevent the situation of filter body blockage. During this process, the precipitation thickness continuously decreases. To ensure the high concentration of precipitation filtration, the filter body operates through the filter structure and the rotation structure. The square filter structure can rotate 30°, 45°, or 60° under the drive of the rotation structure, thereby reducing the filtering gap height of the filter body. As the thickness of the precipitation layer decreases, it is controlled by the rotation structure. When reaching the lowest point, the lifting motor drives the second lifting plate to descend, and the second-stage step lifting mechanism is closed;

[0019] S4: The precipitate collected from the first-stage step separation layer and the second-stage step separation layer enters the third-stage step separation layer for unified treatment and filtration. It is filtered through the filter bottom net set in the grading collection box, and the filtered liquid is introduced into the step frame of the second-stage step separation layer through the recovery pipe for secondary filtration, achieving the process of high-precision solid-liquid separation and small-particle separation.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The multi-level hierarchical setting can increase the reaction efficiency. At the same time, after a certain precipitation thickness is reached, filtration is carried out through the hierarchical lifting mechanism, and the precipitated liquid is discharged into the secondary hierarchical stage to achieve the purpose of secondary precipitation. At the same time, the precipitate is discharged, improving the solid-liquid separation efficiency of the first stage. Meanwhile, the solid-liquid separation and hydrometallurgy proceed continuously without waiting. After the first-stage reaction, the second stage reacts, increasing the efficiency of hydrometallurgy. At the same time, the solid-liquid precipitate is separated synchronously, improving the production efficiency. After the first-stage reaction, the filtered liquid is discharged by opening the valve, accelerating the flow of the liquid, increasing the reaction contact, and improving the metallurgical efficiency. Without using external stirring power, a metallurgical reaction extraction is formed, which is more effective. At the same time, according to the second-stage reaction situation, the filtered liquid can carry out the next step of metal extraction after precipitation is completed, ensuring the efficiency of metal extraction and improving the removal rate of impurities. The separated solid compounds are separated and filtered through the three-level hierarchical separation and collected to complete the separation effect of metallurgical solid-liquid.

[0022] The precipitation collection box can collect the precipitate. At the same time, the extraction mechanism can extract the precipitate for secondary filtration. The conical collection arc plate can improve the collection efficiency of the precipitate. At the same time, the arc plate continuously slides the precipitate into the collection box, ensuring a higher collection efficiency. At the same time, the collection range is reduced for rapid collection.

[0023] The conical collection arc plate is divided into four layers, which can embed and contract the arc plate to prevent fixation due to thick accumulation of the precipitate during the precipitation process, making it difficult to slide. It is lifted by the lifting chain to increase the falling speed of the precipitate, pulling the precipitate down to improve the collection efficiency. The structural design is more ingenious. At the same time, since it is in water, this design is more suitable for this underwater environment. At the same time, according to the up and down movement of the hierarchical lifting mechanism, a vibration effect can also be achieved.

[0024] The lifting of the lifting plate drives the lifting chain to move up and down, thereby driving the contraction of the conical collection arc plate. At the same time, the lifting plate controls the filtered liquid in the first-level hierarchical separation layer to be released into the second-level hierarchical separation layer, which can not only pull the lifting chain but also carry out liquid discharge treatment, improving the power utilization efficiency.

[0025] During the continuous passage of the precipitate, the precipitation thickness decreases. Through the operation of the filter screen structure and the rotating structure, the passing height of the filter screen body is reduced, so that as the precipitation thickness decreases, the passing height of the filter screen structure also decreases, improving the efficiency of passing through the precipitate and reducing the filtration pressure of the three-level hierarchical separation layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structural principle of the multi-level hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the structural principle of the precipitation collection tank and the conical collection arc plate of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structural principle of the second-stage lifting mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structural principle of the popping-up device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the rotation structural principle of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structural principle of the precipitation bottom blowing device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structural principle of the stepped lifting mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structural principle of the extraction structure of the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals: 1, first-stage stepped separation layer; 2, second-stage stepped separation layer; 3, third-stage stepped separation layer; 4, stepped body; 5, stepped lifting mechanism; 6, stepped box body; 7, stepped precipitation bottom; 8, stepped frame body; 9, second-stage stepped lifting mechanism; 10, grading collection tank; 11, filtering bottom net; 12, extraction mechanism; 13, stepped precipitation layer; 14, precipitation net; 15, precipitation collection tank; 16, conical collection arc plate; 17, upper arc plate; 18, second-layer arc plate; 19, third-layer arc plate; 20, lower arc plate; 21, lifting chain; 22, pulley; 23, lifting plate; 24, sedimentation tank; 25, baffle plate; 26, power motor; 27, power chain; 28, lifting fixed seat; 29, second lifting plate; 30, lifting motor; 31, filter net body; 32, popping-up device; 33, precipitation bottom blowing device; 34, groove; 35, elastic base; 36, spring; 37, filter net structure; 38, rotating frame; 39, rotating disk; 40, bottom blowing pipe; 41, bottom blowing groove pit; 42, bottom blowing control switch; 44, extraction pipe orifice; 45, extraction arc groove; 46, extraction valve; 47, extraction pipe; 48, recovery pipe; 49, recovery pump; 50, lifting pull rod. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0035] The following content will describe the specific implementation manners of the present invention in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] A multi-stage hydrometallurgy solid-liquid separation device includes a first-stage separation layer 1, a second-stage separation layer 2, and a third-stage separation layer 3. The first-stage separation layer 1 is disposed at the upper left of the second-stage separation layer 2, and the second-stage separation layer 2 is disposed at the upper left of the third-stage separation layer 3. The first-stage separation layer 1 includes a separation body 4 and a separation lifting mechanism 5. The separation body 4 includes a separation box 6 and a separation precipitation bottom 7. The separation box 6 is slidably connected to the separation lifting mechanism 5, and the bottom of the separation lifting mechanism 5 is connected to the separation precipitation bottom 7. The second-stage separation layer 2 includes a separation frame 8 and a second separation lifting mechanism 9. The left side of the separation frame 8 is connected to the separation lifting mechanism 9, and the right side of the separation frame 8 is connected to the second separation lifting mechanism 9. The second separation lifting mechanism 9 is connected to the third-stage separation layer 3. The third-stage separation layer 3 includes a classification collection box 10 and a filtering bottom net 11. The left side of the classification collection box 10 is connected to the second separation lifting mechanism 9. A pumping mechanism 12 is provided at the separation precipitation bottom of the first-stage separation layer 1, and the pumping mechanism 12 is connected to the third-stage separation layer 3;

[0037] Through the multi-stage separation setting, the reaction efficiency can be increased. At the same time, after reaching a certain precipitation thickness, filtration is carried out through the separation lifting mechanism 5, and the precipitated liquid is discharged into the second-stage separation for secondary precipitation. At the same time, the precipitate is discharged to improve the solid-liquid separation efficiency of the first stage. At the same time, solid-liquid separation and hydrometallurgy continue without waiting. After the first-stage reaction, the second-stage reaction is carried out, increasing the efficiency of hydrometallurgy. At the same time, solid-liquid precipitates are separated synchronously, improving production efficiency. After the first-stage reaction, the filtered liquid is discharged by opening the gate, accelerating the flow of the liquid, increasing the reaction contact, and improving the metallurgy efficiency. Without using external stirring power, metallurgical reaction extraction is formed, which is more effective. At the same time, according to the second-stage reaction situation, the filtered liquid can be further processed for metal extraction after precipitation, ensuring the efficiency of metal extraction and improving the removal rate of impurities. The separated solid compounds are filtered through the third-stage separation 3 and collected to complete the separation effect of metallurgical solid-liquid.

[0038] The stepped precipitation bottom 7 includes a stepped precipitation layer 13, a precipitation net 14 is provided on the stepped precipitation layer 13, a precipitation collection box 15 is provided at the lower end of the precipitation net 14, the precipitation collection box 15 is connected to the extraction mechanism 12, and a conical collection arc plate 16 is provided between the precipitation collection box 15 and the precipitation net 14. The conical collection arc plate 16 is installed on the stepped precipitation layer 13 of the precipitation collection box 15; the precipitation can be collected through the precipitation collection box 15, and at the same time, the extraction mechanism 12 can extract the precipitates for secondary filtration. The conical collection arc plate 16 can improve the collection efficiency of the precipitates. At the same time, the arc plate continuously slides the precipitates into the collection box, ensuring higher collection efficiency, reducing the collection range, and quickly collecting.

[0039] The conical collection arc plate 16 includes an upper arc plate 17, a second-layer arc plate 18, a third-layer arc plate 19, and a lower arc plate 20. The lower arc plate 20 is embedded in the third-layer arc plate 19, the third-layer arc plate 19 is embedded in the second-layer arc plate 18, the second-layer arc plate 18 is embedded in the upper arc plate 17, and the upper arc plate 17, the second-layer arc plate 18, the third-layer arc plate 19, and the lower arc plate 20 are slidably connected through slide rails. One end of a lifting chain 21 is connected to the outer circumference of the bottom of the lower arc plate 20, and the other end of the lifting chain 21 is connected to the stepped lifting mechanism 5. The lifting chains 21 are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear side plates of the stepped box body 6, and the front and rear side plates are driven by pulleys 22 with the lifting chains 21.

[0040] The conical collection arc plate 16 is divided into four layers, which can contract the arc plate in an embedded manner, preventing it from being fixed due to thick accumulation of precipitates during the precipitation process and being difficult to slide. It is lifted by the lifting chain to increase the falling speed of the precipitates, pull the precipitates down, and improve the collection efficiency. The structural design is more ingenious. At the same time, since it is in water, this design is more suitable for this underwater environment. At the same time, according to the up and down movement of the stepped lifting mechanism 5, a vibration effect can also be achieved.

[0041] The stepped lifting mechanism 5 includes a lifting plate 23, both sides of the lifting plate 23 are respectively connected to the right side surface of the stepped box body 6, the lower end of the lifting plate 23 is connected to a sedimentation tank 24 on one side of the stepped sediment bottom 7, a blocking plate 25 is arranged at the upper end of the sedimentation tank 24, the lifting plate 23 is embedded in the blocking plate 25, the blocking plate 25 is higher than the sediment collection box 15, lifting power mechanisms are installed on both sides of the lifting plate 23, the lifting power mechanisms include a power motor 26 and a power chain 27, the power motor 26 is installed on the stepped box body 6 on one side of the lifting plate 23, the power chain 27 is slidably connected to the power motor 26, and the other end of the lifting chain 21 is connected to the upper end of the lifting plate 23; the lifting of the lifting plate 23 drives the lifting chain 21 to lift, thereby driving the contraction of the conical collection arc plate 16. At the same time, the lifting plate 23 controls the filtered liquid in the first-stage stepped separation layer 1 to be released into the second-stage stepped separation layer 2, which can not only pull the lifting chain 21 but also perform liquid discharging treatment, improving the power utilization efficiency.

[0042] The second stepped lifting mechanism 9 includes a lifting fixed seat 28 and a second lifting plate 29, the lifting fixed seat 28 is installed on the stepped frame body 8, a lifting motor 30 and a lifting pull rod 50 are arranged on the lifting fixed seat 28, the lifting pull rod 50 is connected to the second lifting plate 29, a filter screen body 31 is arranged at the bottom of the second lifting plate 29, a popping device 32 is arranged at the lower end of the filter screen body 31, the popping device 32 is installed on the bottom surface of the second-stage stepped separation layer 2, and a sediment bottom blowing device 33 is arranged on the bottom surface. The popping device 32 is installed in a groove 34 on one side of the bottom surface of the second-stage stepped separation layer 2; the lifting motor 30 and the lifting pull rod 50 drive the sediment to be put into the third-stage stepped layer through the filter screen body 31, and the solid that has been sedimented for a long time is blown into the filter screen body 31 through the sediment bottom blowing device 33. At the same time, the bottom blowing device 33 can blow the large particles to break them, ensuring that they pass through the filter screen body and improving the passing efficiency of the sediment.

[0043] The popping device 32 includes an elastic base 35 and a spring 36. The upper end of the spring 36 is connected to the lower end of the filter mesh body 31, and the lower end of the spring 36 is fixedly installed on the elastic base 35. The popping height of the spring 36 is slightly less than the depth of the groove 34. The filter mesh body 31 includes a filter mesh structure 37 and a rotating structure. The filter mesh structure 37 is a square structure. The left and right sides of the filter mesh structure 37 are respectively filter openings. The upper and lower end faces of the filter mesh structure 37 are respectively sealing interfaces. The filter mesh structure 37 is rotatably connected to the rotating structure. The rotating structure includes a rotating base 35 and a rotating frame 38. The rotating frame 38 is arranged on the rotating base 35. A rotating disk 39 is installed on the rotating frame 38. The popping device 32 is installed at the lower end of the rotating base 35. During the continuous passage of the sediment, the sediment thickness decreases. Through the operation of the filter mesh structure 37 and the rotating structure, the passing height of the filter mesh body 31 is reduced, so that the passing height of the filter mesh structure 37 also decreases as the sediment thickness decreases, improving the efficiency of passing the sediment and reducing the filtration pressure of the three-stage stepped separation layer.

[0044] The sediment bottom blowing device 33 includes a plurality of bottom blowing pipes 40 and bottom blowing trough pits 41. The plurality of bottom blowing pipes 40 are respectively and evenly arranged on the bottom surface. The bottom blowing pipes 40 are inclined to the right by an angle of 15° with the bottom surface as the reference. The bottom blowing trough pits 41 are arranged at the same inclination angle as the bottom blowing pipes 40. The front end of the bottom blowing pipe 40 is a chamfer with an extension of 15-20 cm. A bottom blowing control switch 42 is arranged on one side of the upper end in the groove 34. The bottom blowing control switch 42 is controlled by being touched and popped up by the spring 36. The bottom blowing pipe 40 can blow the sediment solids at the bottom of the sediment away, improving the speed of passing through the filter mesh body and having a better cleaning effect. At the same time, the uniform design of the bottom blowing pipes can better disperse the large sediment solids, ensuring that the filter mesh body is not blocked. At the same time, the filtration efficiency of the three-stage stepped separation layer is improved.

[0045] A filter bottom net 11 is arranged at the lower end of the grading collection box 10. The grading collection box 10 is provided with a pumping outlet pipe 44. The pumping mechanism 12 is connected to the pumping outlet pipe 44. The pumping mechanism 12 includes a pumping arc groove 45, a pumping valve 46 and a pumping pipe 47. The pumping arc groove 45 is arranged in the sediment collection box 15. A pumping valve 46 is arranged at the lower end of the pumping arc groove 45. The pumping valve 46 is connected to the pumping pipe 47. The pumping pipe 47 is connected to the pumping outlet pipe 44. The pumping outlet pipe 44 collects the sediment in the first-stage stepped separation layer through the connection with the sediment collection box 15 and the grading collection box 10, improving the recovery efficiency.

[0046] A recovery pipe 48 is arranged at the lower end of the filter bottom net 11. A recovery pump 49 is arranged on the recovery pipe 48. The recovery pipe 48 is connected to the second-stage stepped separation layer 2.

[0047] A method for using a multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1: Put the solid residue mixed liquid into the step box 6 in the first-stage step separation layer 1. Through primary precipitation, a large amount of precipitate is obtained. The precipitate descends onto the upper arc plate 17, the second-layer arc plate 18, the third-layer arc plate 19, and the lower-layer arc plate 20 respectively through static precipitation. The solid precipitate is collected statically. As the precipitate accumulates and increases, it gradually sinks into the precipitation collection box 15. With the continuous collection of the precipitation collection box 15, the precipitate increases. To ensure the underwater collection of the precipitate solution, the lifting plate 23 is driven downward by the step lifting mechanism 5;

[0049] S2: The upper-layer filtered solution flows into the step frame 8 of the second-stage step separation layer 2. During this process, the lifting plate 23 descends to drive the lifting chain 21 to lift. The lifting chain 21 drives the lower-layer arc plate 20, the third-layer arc plate 19, and the second-layer arc plate 18 to rise. At the same time, the precipitate on the lower-layer arc plate 20, the third-layer arc plate 19, and the second-layer arc plate 18 is scraped out and sinks into the precipitation collection box. The precipitate is evacuated to the third-stage step separation layer 3 for separation through the bottom extraction valve 46 at the bottom of the precipitation collection box 15;

[0050] S3: The upper-layer filtered solution and the precipitate are poured from the first-stage step separation layer 1 to the second-stage step separation layer 2 to accelerate the reaction to form a precipitate, and continue to precipitate in the second-stage step separation layer 2. At this time, the precipitate is less. After continuously precipitating and accumulating to a certain layer thickness, the lifting motor 30 on the lifting fixed seat 28 drives the second lifting plate 29 to rise, and the spring rises. During the rising process, the bottom blowing control switch 42 is turned on to perform bottom blowing on the bottom precipitate to increase the flow while crushing the larger particles through the bottom blowing treatment. At the same time, the bottom blowing can accelerate the reaction of the liquid and improve the metal separation efficiency. All quickly pass through the filter mesh body 31 to reach the third-stage step separation layer, which can prevent the situation of the filter mesh body being blocked. During this process, the precipitation thickness continuously decreases. To ensure the high concentration of precipitation filtration, the filter mesh body operates through the filter mesh structure 37 and the rotating structure. The square filter mesh structure 37 can rotate 30° or 45° or 60° under the drive of the rotating structure, thereby reducing the filtration gap height of the filter mesh body. As the thickness of the precipitation layer decreases, it is controlled by the rotating structure. When reaching the lowest point, the lifting motor 30 drives the second lifting plate 29 to descend, and the second-stage step lifting mechanism 9 is closed;

[0051] S4: The precipitate collected from the first-stage step separation layer 1 and the second-stage step separation layer 2 enters the third-stage step separation layer 3 for unified treatment and filtration. It is filtered through the filter bottom net 11 provided in the grading collection box 10, and the filtered liquid is passed through the recovery pipe into the step frame 8 of the second-stage step separation layer 2 for secondary filtration, achieving the process of high-precision solid-liquid separation and small-particle separation.

[0052] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art of this technology, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and substitutions can be made, and these improvements and substitutions are all regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device, characterized in that, it includes a first-stage stepped separation layer, a second-stage stepped separation layer, and a third-stage stepped separation layer. The first-stage stepped separation layer is arranged at the upper left side of the second-stage stepped separation layer. The second-stage stepped separation layer is arranged at the upper left side of the third-stage stepped separation layer. The first-stage stepped separation layer includes a stepped body and a stepped lifting mechanism. The stepped body includes a stepped box body and a stepped precipitation bottom. The stepped box body is slidably connected to the stepped lifting mechanism. The bottom of the stepped lifting mechanism is connected to the stepped precipitation bottom. The second-stage stepped separation layer includes a stepped frame body and a second stepped lifting mechanism. The left side of the stepped frame body is connected to the stepped lifting mechanism. The right side of the stepped frame body is connected to the second stepped lifting mechanism. The second stepped lifting mechanism is connected to the third-stage stepped separation layer. The third-stage stepped separation layer includes a grading collection box and a filtering bottom net. The left side of the grading collection box is connected to the second stepped lifting mechanism. A pumping mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the stepped precipitation bottom of the first-stage stepped separation layer. The pumping mechanism is connected to the third-stage stepped separation layer; The stepped precipitation bottom includes a stepped precipitation layer. A precipitation net is arranged in the stepped precipitation layer. A precipitation collection box is arranged at the lower end of the precipitation net. The precipitation collection box is connected to the pumping mechanism. A conical collection arc plate is arranged between the precipitation collection box and the precipitation net. The conical collection arc plate is installed on the stepped precipitation layer at the upper end of the precipitation collection box; The conical collection arc plate includes an upper arc plate, a second-layer arc plate, a third-layer arc plate, and a lower arc plate. The lower arc plate is embedded in the third-layer arc plate. The third-layer arc plate is embedded in the second-layer arc plate. The second-layer arc plate is embedded in the upper arc plate. The upper arc plate, the second-layer arc plate, the third-layer arc plate, and the lower arc plate are slidably connected through slide rails. One end of a lifting chain is connected to the outer circumference of the bottom of the lower arc plate. The other end of the lifting chain is connected to the stepped lifting mechanism. The lifting chains are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear side plates of the stepped box body. The front and rear side plates are in pulley transmission with the lifting chain.

2. A multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the stepped lifting mechanism includes a lifting plate. The two sides of the lifting plate are respectively connected to the right side surface of the stepped box body. The lower end of the lifting plate is connected to a sedimentation tank on one side of the stepped precipitation bottom. A blocking plate is arranged at the upper end of the sedimentation tank. The lifting plate is embedded in the blocking plate. The blocking plate is higher than the precipitation collection box. Lifting power mechanisms are installed on both sides of the lifting plate. The lifting power mechanism includes a power motor and a power chain. The power motor is installed on the stepped box body on one side of the lifting plate. The power chain is slidably connected to the power motor. The other end of the lifting chain is connected to the upper end of the lifting plate.

3. A multi-stage hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second stepped lifting mechanism includes a lifting fixed seat and a second lifting plate. The lifting fixed seat is installed on the stepped frame body. A lifting motor and a lifting pull rod are arranged on the lifting fixed seat. The lifting pull rod is connected to the second lifting plate. A filter net body is arranged at the bottom of the second lifting plate. A popping-up device is arranged at the lower end of the filter net body. The popping-up device is installed on the bottom surface of the secondary stepped separation layer. A sediment bottom blowing device is arranged on the bottom surface. The popping-up device is installed in a groove on one side of the bottom surface of the secondary stepped separation layer.

4. A multi-layer hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that the popping-up device includes an elastic base and a spring. The upper end of the spring is connected to the lower end of the filter net body. The lower end of the spring is fixedly installed on the elastic base. The popping-up height of the spring is slightly less than the depth of the groove. The filter net body includes a filter net structure and a rotating structure. The filter net structure is a square structure. The left and right sides of the filter net structure are respectively filter ports. The upper and lower end faces of the filter net structure are respectively sealing interfaces. The filter net structure is rotationally connected to the rotating structure. The rotating structure includes a rotating base and a rotating frame. A rotating disc is installed on the rotating frame. The popping-up device is installed at the lower end of the rotating base.

5. A multi-layer hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that the sediment bottom blowing device includes a plurality of bottom blowing pipes and bottom blowing trough pits. The plurality of bottom blowing pipes are respectively and uniformly arranged on the bottom surface. The bottom blowing pipes are inclined to the right at an angle of 15° with the bottom surface as the reference. The bottom blowing trough pits are arranged at the same inclination angle as the bottom blowing pipes. The front end of the bottom blowing pipe is a cut angle extending 15 - 20 cm. A bottom blowing control switch is arranged on one side of the upper end in the groove. The bottom blowing control switch is controlled by popping up and touching through a spring.

6. A multi-layer hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that a filter bottom net is arranged at the lower end of the grading collection box. The grading collection box is provided with a pumping-out pipe orifice. The pumping-out mechanism is connected to the pumping-out pipe orifice. The pumping-out mechanism includes a pumping-out arc groove, a pumping-out valve and a pumping-out pipe. The pumping-out arc groove is arranged in the sediment collection box. A pumping-out valve is arranged at the lower end of the pumping-out arc groove. The pumping-out valve is connected to the pumping-out pipe. The pumping-out pipe is connected to the pumping-out pipe orifice.

7. A multi-layer hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that a recovery pipe is arranged at the lower end of the filter bottom net. A recovery pump is arranged on the recovery pipe. The recovery pipe is connected to the secondary stepped separation layer.

8. A method for using a multi-layer hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device, characterized in that the multi-layer hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device is a multi-layer hydrometallurgical solid-liquid separation device according to claim 7, and includes the following steps: S1: Put the solid residue mixture into the step box within the first-stage step separation layer. Through primary precipitation, a large amount of sediment is obtained. The sediment descends onto the upper arc plate, the second-layer arc plate, the third-layer arc plate, and the lower arc plate respectively through static precipitation. The solid sediment is collected statically. As the sediment accumulates and increases, it gradually sinks into the sediment collection box. With the continuous collection by the collection box and the increase of the sediment, to ensure the underwater collection of the sediment solution, the step lifting mechanism drives the lifting plate to move downward; S2: The upper filtered solution flows into the step frame of the second-stage step separation layer. During this process, the descent of the lifting plate drives the lifting of the lifting chain, and the lifting chain drives the lower arc plate, the third-layer arc plate, and the second-layer arc plate to rise. At the same time, the sediment on the lower arc plate, the third-layer arc plate, and the second-layer arc plate is scraped off and sinks into the sediment collection box. The sediment is pumped out to the third-stage step separation layer for separation through the extraction valve at the bottom of the sediment collection box; S3: The upper filtered solution and the sediment pour from the first-stage step separation layer to the second-stage step separation layer to accelerate the reaction to form sediment, and continue to precipitate in the second-stage step separation layer. At this time, there is less sediment. After continuously precipitating and accumulating to a certain layer thickness, the lifting motor on the lifting fixed seat drives the second lifting plate to rise, and the spring rises. During the rising process, the bottom blowing control switch is turned on to perform bottom blowing on the bottom sediment to increase the flow while crushing the larger particles through the treatment of bottom blowing. At the same time, bottom blowing can accelerate the reaction of the liquid and improve the metal separation efficiency. They all quickly pass through the filter mesh body to reach the third-stage step separation layer, which can prevent the filter mesh body from being blocked. During this process, the sediment thickness continuously decreases. To ensure the high concentration of sediment filtration, the filter mesh body operates through the filter mesh structure and the rotation structure. The square filter mesh structure can rotate 30°, 45°, or 60° under the drive of the rotation structure, thereby reducing the filtering gap height of the filter mesh body. It is controlled by the rotation structure as the thickness of the sediment layer decreases. When it reaches the lowest point, the lifting motor drives the second lifting plate to descend, and the second-stage step lifting mechanism is turned off; S4: The sediment collected from the first-stage step separation layer and the second-stage step separation layer enters the third-stage step separation layer for unified treatment and filtration. It is filtered through the filter bottom net set in the grading collection box, and the filtered liquid is passed through the recovery pipe into the step frame of the second-stage step separation layer for secondary filtration, achieving the process of high-precision solid-liquid separation and small particle separation.

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