Permanent magnet phase control vacuum dual power automatic transfer device and mechanism

Abstract

The application provides a kind of permanent magnet phase control vacuum dual power automatic transfer device and mechanism, the device includes two automatic transfer units and a limit plate;Each automatic transfer unit includes incoming line copper bar, outgoing line copper bar, and the following vacuum tube, insulation pull rod, adjusting screw rod, permanent magnet mechanism connected in turn into a line;Vacuum tube is composed of coaxially arranged tube body, static contact and moving contact;Insulation pull rod is used to provide overtravel for moving contact when static contact and moving contact close;Adjusting screw rod is detachably connected with the other end of insulation pull rod and one end of permanent magnet mechanism at both ends respectively;Permanent magnet mechanism is used to provide power for the closing and opening of static contact and moving contact in vacuum tube;The limit plate is connected with the permanent magnet mechanism of two automatic transfer units at both ends respectively;The mechanism is obtained by combining at least one set of device.The application has simple mechanical structure, small size, high control precision and reliability, high transmission efficiency, high safety and stability, and can realize phase control function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical technology, specifically to a permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device and mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] With economic development and technological advancements, unexpected power outages are unacceptable for both residential and industrial production. To ensure uninterrupted power supply during grid failures or maintenance shutdowns, Automatic Transfer Switches (ATSEs) have emerged. Many countries abroad consider ATSEs a crucial component of power supply security, placing high demands on their safety and functional stability. PC-grade ATSEs can guarantee millisecond-level power outages in dual-power supply systems. In my country's low- and medium-voltage power grid systems, many departments, units, and special occasions have high requirements for continuous power supply, such as medical institutions, banks, office buildings, and important event venues. As a vital component of the power grid, ATSEs are widely used, making their safety and stability paramount. There are significant differences in the performance of domestic ATSEs in the medium- and low-voltage fields: there are fewer domestic products for medium-voltage ATSEs, and their performance is generally average, while there are many domestic products for low-voltage ATSEs, and their performance is relatively better. Improving the performance of dual-power automatic transfer devices to ensure the safety and stability of power systems has become a key research topic for relevant manufacturers both domestically and internationally.

[0003] Currently, in the domestic medium and low voltage dual-power automatic transfer devices, the medium voltage sector typically uses two sets of medium-voltage switchgear operating in parallel. The basic requirement of preventing simultaneous closing of the two sets of equipment is achieved through a mechanical interlocking mechanism and an electrical interlocking control section. The circuit breakers in the medium-voltage switchgear are generally vacuum circuit breakers, and the operating mechanism can be a spring, electromagnetic, or permanent magnet mechanism. Integrated medium-voltage dual-power automatic transfer devices on the market generally use vacuum arc extinguishing, with two permanent magnet drive mechanisms driving the vacuum tubes of the primary and backup power supplies respectively for closing and opening. Similarly, interlocking is used to prevent simultaneous closing of the two mechanisms. This structure is bulky and unstable, with poor consistency in closing and opening, and cannot achieve phase-controlled closing and opening, meaning it cannot reduce the occurrence of inrush current and overvoltage during closing and opening, potentially leading to malfunctions of secondary protection equipment and economic losses. In the low-voltage sector, air arc extinguishing is generally used, with an excitation-driven operating mechanism. The actual arc extinguishing effect is generally poor, the mechanical structure is complex, the transmission efficiency is low, the accuracy is average, and it does not achieve phase-controlled functionality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a PC-grade permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic conversion device and mechanism with high safety and stability, which can be applied to medium and low voltage fields to overcome the performance deficiencies of existing products.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] An automatic switching device for a permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply includes two automatic switching units and a limiting plate connected between the two automatic switching units. Each automatic switching unit includes an inlet copper busbar, an outlet copper busbar, and the following components connected in a straight line (coaxially): a vacuum tube, an insulating pull rod, an adjusting screw, and a permanent magnet mechanism. The vacuum tube consists of a tube body, a stationary contact, and a moving contact arranged coaxially. One end of the stationary contact is fixed inside the tube body, and the other end extends out of the tube body and connects to the inlet copper busbar. The moving contact is connected to the outlet copper busbar, and one end of it slides... The moving part is located inside the tube on the other side and can be close to or away from the stationary contact. The other end extends out of the tube and is coaxially connected to one end of the insulating pull rod. The insulating pull rod is used to provide overtravel to the moving contact when the stationary contact and the moving contact are closed. The two ends of the adjusting screw are respectively coaxially and detachably connected (threaded connection) to the other end of the insulating pull rod and one end of the permanent magnet mechanism. The permanent magnet mechanism is used to provide power for the closing and opening of the stationary contact and the moving contact in the vacuum tube. The two ends of the limiting plate are respectively connected to the permanent magnet mechanisms of the two automatic switching units to prevent the two automatic switching units from closing at the same time.

[0007] Furthermore, the two automatic conversion units are coaxially and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the limiting plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the outgoing copper busbars of the two automatic switching units are an integral structure located below the insulating pull rod and the permanent magnet mechanism, and an insulating plate is provided above the outgoing copper busbars to separate them from the insulating pull rod and the permanent magnet mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, each automatic conversion unit also includes an insulating cylinder, in which the vacuum tube and the insulating pull rod are enclosed, and the inlet copper busbar and the outlet copper busbar extend out of the insulating cylinder (bottom).

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the moving contact extending outside the tube is flexibly connected to the outgoing copper busbar via a wire (such as a copper wire) or a soft copper sheet.

[0011] Furthermore, the insulating pull rod includes a coaxially arranged outer shell, an elastic element, a push rod, and a connecting rod; the outer shell is hollow inside, closed at one end and open at the other end; the elastic element is sleeved inside the outer shell; one end of the push rod slides into the outer shell from the open end and contacts the elastic element, and the other end is coaxially connected to the moving contact; one end of the connecting rod is fixed to the closed end of the outer shell, and the other end is coaxially connected to the adjusting screw.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic element is a spring or a disc spring.

[0013] Furthermore, the permanent magnet mechanism includes a housing, an upper cover, a lower cover, a drive rod, a moving iron core, a fixed iron core, a permanent magnet, a gate spring, and a coil; the housing is a cylindrical body open at both ends; the upper and lower covers are respectively sealed at both ends of the housing; the drive rod is a rod slidably installed inside the housing, one end of the drive rod extends out of the middle of the upper cover and is coaxially connected to the adjusting screw, and the other end of the drive rod extends out of the middle of the lower cover and is coaxially connected to one end of the limiting plate; the moving iron core is a cylindrical body sleeved outside the drive rod, with its end open towards the upper cover and its end closed and fixed towards the lower cover. The fixed iron core is mounted on the drive rod, and an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the moving iron core and the outer wall of the drive rod. The fixed iron core is a cylindrical body sleeved on the outside of the moving iron core. The permanent magnets are multiple pieces and are evenly installed on the outer wall of the fixed iron core around its outer circumference, with the outer wall of the permanent magnets tightly attached to the inner wall of the housing. The opening spring is sleeved on the drive rod and located in the annular cavity, with one end in contact with the inner wall of the upper cover and the other end in contact with the inner wall of the closed end of the moving iron core. The coil is sleeved on the moving iron core and located between the fixed iron core and the lower cover. The housing, drive rod, moving iron core, fixed iron core, and coil are coaxially arranged.

[0014] Furthermore, an annular convex edge is formed by protruding outward at the end of the outer wall of the moving iron core near the top cover, and the end of the fixed iron core near the top cover is in close contact with the annular convex edge of the moving iron core.

[0015] Furthermore, the limiting plate is provided with an oblong hole, and two elastic pins that can slide back and forth within the oblong hole are fitted inside the oblong hole. The two elastic pins are respectively fixedly connected one-to-one to the drive rods of the two automatic conversion units. The end of the drive rod extending out of the upper cover has a groove along its axial direction. The limiting plate is set in the groove and can slide back and forth along the groove (the elastic pin at the end of each drive rod passes vertically through the groove and is fitted into the oblong hole of the limiting plate).

[0016] Furthermore, in the initial state, the distance between the two elastic pins of the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device is K=FS, where F is the sliding distance of the limiting plate and S is the distance from the end face of the moving iron core facing the upper cover to the inner wall of the upper cover.

[0017] Furthermore, in the initial state, the distance S between the end face of the moving iron core and the upper cover plate of the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device is S=M+W, where M is the distance between the moving contact and the stationary contact, and W is the compression amount of the elastic element of the insulating pull rod after closing.

[0018] A permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism is provided, which consists of at least one set of permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion devices and a housing; the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion devices are installed on the housing to form a single-pole or multi-pole permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism, which can realize phase selection and phase separation control. At the same time, the inlet copper busbar and outlet copper busbar of each permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion device extend downwards out of the housing and are connected to external wires.

[0019] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0020] (1) It adopts a permanent magnet operating mechanism, which has higher control accuracy and higher reliability than conventional dual power supply excitation drive, providing a prerequisite for phase control function. As long as two or more of these permanent magnet phase control vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion devices are used in combination, the phase control function can be realized.

[0021] (2) The overall structure adopts a modular layout, which greatly simplifies the mechanical structure. The complex structure of conventional low-voltage dual power supplies, such as arc-extinguishing grids and moving and stationary contacts, is replaced by vacuum tubes and insulating pull rods; the conventional complex transmission structure is replaced by only one adjusting screw after direct drive arrangement according to this scheme. The overall structure is simplified and the reliability is greatly improved. For example, the conventional dual power supply conversion time is between 80ms and 200ms, and the control accuracy is above 5ms. However, the transmission efficiency of the simplified structure is greatly improved, the conversion time can be within 60ms, and the control accuracy can be within 1ms. Vacuum arc extinguishing has a significant advantage in arc extinguishing effect compared with conventional grid air arc extinguishing. When applied to medium-voltage dual power supplies, its overall volume is also greatly reduced. Medium-voltage dual power supply automatic conversion devices generally use two or even three cabinets to realize the dual power supply conversion function, but this invention can realize the dual power supply conversion function with a single cabinet.

[0022] (3) Multiple modular permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion devices are installed in one box (with one set of permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion devices as one pole module), thus forming a single-pole or multi-pole (bipolar, tripolar and quadpolar, etc.) permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism that meets the needs of different scenarios. After each pole is debugged and tested externally, modules with similar characteristics are selected according to the characteristics of each pole to form the finished product, and the overall functional characteristics of the product are greatly enhanced.

[0023] (4) Since each module in the permanent magnet phase control vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism is independent and its operation does not affect each other, after the modules are combined in the box to form the finished product, the operation time of each phase can be set and they can be closed at different times to meet the phase control technology requirements of closing when the voltage crosses zero and opening when the current crosses zero, so as to suppress the harm of overvoltage and inrush current to the power system when closing and opening.

[0024] (5) Because each pole module in the permanent magnet phase control vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism is independent of each other, it is extremely convenient to assemble, test, install and maintain each pole module, which brings great convenience to manufacturers and users and greatly improves the economic benefits of the product. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device of the present invention when the insulating cylinder is removed;

[0029] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the vacuum tube described in this invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum tube described in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the insulating tie rod described in this invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the insulating tie rod described in this invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the permanent magnet mechanism described in this invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet mechanism described in this invention;

[0035] Figure 10 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the connection point between the two automatic switching units;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting plate described in this invention;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion mechanism described in this invention;

[0038] The diagram shows: 1-Permanent magnet mechanism, 101-Upper cover, 102-Fixed iron core, 103-Closing spring, 104-Moving iron core, 105-Permanent magnet, 106-Housing shell, 107-Coil, 108-Lower cover, 109-Drive rod, 2-Insulating pull rod, 201-Outer shell, 202-Elastic element, 203-Push rod, 204-Connecting rod, 3-Adjusting screw, 4-Vacuum tube, 401-Static contact, 402-Tube body, 403-Moving contact, 5-Insulating cylinder, 6-Inlet copper busbar, 7-Insulating plate, 8-Outlet copper busbar, 9-Limiting plate, 10-Oval hole, 11-Elastic pin, 12-Box body. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0040] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] like Figure 1-11 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of a permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device includes two automatic conversion units and a limiting plate connected between the two automatic conversion units. The two automatic conversion units are coaxially and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the limiting plate.

[0044] like Figure 1-3As shown, each automatic conversion unit includes an inlet copper busbar 6, an outlet copper busbar 8, an insulating cylinder 5, and the following components connected in sequence (coaxial connection): a vacuum tube 4, an insulating pull rod 2, an adjusting screw 3, and a permanent magnet mechanism 1.

[0045] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the vacuum tube 4 consists of a coaxially arranged tube body 402, a stationary contact 401, and a moving contact 403. The tube body 402 is a hollow cylinder closed at both ends; one end of the stationary contact 401 is fixed inside the tube body on one side, and the other end extends out of the tube body 402 and is connected to the incoming copper busbar 6; the moving contact 403 is flexibly connected (short-circuited) to the outgoing copper busbar 8 (one end) via a conductor (such as copper wire) or a soft copper sheet. One end of the moving contact 403 is slidably disposed inside the tube body 402 on the other side (slidingly engaging with the inside of the tube body 402) and can be close to the stationary contact 401 (to achieve closing) or away from the stationary contact 401 (to achieve opening). The other end of the moving contact 403 extends out of the tube body 402 and is coaxially connected (threaded connection) to one end of the insulating pull rod 2 (push rod 203). In the initial state (before closing), the distance M between the moving contact 403 and the stationary contact is the contact opening distance.

[0046] like Figure 1-3 as well as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the insulating pull rod 2 is used to provide overtravel for the moving contact 403 when the stationary contact 401 and the moving contact 403 are closed. The insulating pull rod 2 includes a housing 201, an elastic element 202, a push rod 203, and a connecting rod 204 arranged coaxially. The housing 201 is a hollow cylinder with one end closed and the other end open. The elastic element 202 is sleeved inside the housing 201 and is a spring or disc spring. One end of the elastic element 202 contacts the inner wall of the closed end of the housing 201, and the other end contacts the push rod 203. One end of the push rod 203 slides into the housing 201 from the open end and contacts the elastic element 202. The other end is coaxially connected to the moving contact 403 (extending out of the tube 402). One end of the connecting rod 204 is coaxially fixed to the outer wall of the closed end of the housing 201, and the other end is coaxially connected to one end of the adjusting screw 3. After the moving contact 403 is pushed to contact the stationary contact 401 by the push rod 203 to close the circuit, the push rod 203 continues to move and compress the elastic element 202 (spring or disc spring) inside the housing 201. At this time, the compression amount of the elastic element 202 is the overtravel W of the moving contact.

[0047] One end of the adjusting screw 3 is coaxially connected to the insulating pull rod 2 (connecting rod 204) (threaded connection), and the other end is coaxially connected to the permanent magnet mechanism 1 (the end of the drive rod 109 extending out of the upper cover 101) (threaded connection). One end of the adjusting screw 3 has a forward thread, and the other end has a reverse thread; it is tightened in the forward direction and loosened in the reverse direction. During operation, the adjusting screw 3 rotates in the forward direction in the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device.

[0048] like Figure 1-3 as well as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the permanent magnet mechanism 1 is used to provide power for the opening and closing of the stationary contact 401 and the moving contact 403 in the vacuum tube 4. The permanent magnet mechanism 1 includes the following coaxially arranged components: a housing 106, an upper cover 101, a lower cover 108, a drive rod 109, a moving iron core 104, a fixed iron core 102, a permanent magnet 105, a closing spring 103, and a coil 107. The housing 106 is a cylindrical body with openings at both ends. The upper cover 101 and the lower cover 108 are respectively sealed at both ends of the housing 106, with the upper cover 101 located on the side away from the limiting plate 9 and the lower cover 108 located on the side closer to the limiting plate 9. The drive rod 109 is a rod that is slidably installed inside the housing 106. The drive rod 109 has one end extending out of the middle of the upper cover 101 and coaxially connected to the adjusting screw 3. The other end (slidable) of the drive rod 109 extends out of the middle of the lower cover 108 and coaxially connected to one end of the limiting plate 9. The moving iron core 104 is a cylindrical body (made of soft iron or silicon steel) sleeved outside the drive rod 109. Its end facing the upper cover 101 is open, while its end facing the lower cover 108 is closed and fixed to the drive rod 109. An annular receiving cavity is formed between the inner wall of the moving iron core 104 and the outer wall of the drive rod 109. The outer wall of the moving iron core 104 protrudes outward at one end near the upper cover 101 to form an annular convex edge; in the initial state, the distance from the end face of the moving iron core 104 facing the upper cover 101 to the inner wall of the upper cover 101 is S; the fixed iron core 102 is a cylindrical body sleeved outside the moving iron core 104, with its end facing the upper cover 101 tightly against the annular convex edge of the moving iron core 104, while the end of the fixed iron core 102 that is tightly against the annular convex edge of the moving iron core 104 also protrudes upward and is tightly against the end face of the permanent magnet 105 (the end face facing the fixed iron core 102); the permanent magnet 105... Multiple magnets 105 are evenly installed around the outer circumference of the fixed iron core 102 on the outer wall of the fixed iron core 102, and the outer wall of the permanent magnet 105 is in close contact with the inner wall of the housing 106; the gate spring 103 is sleeved on the outside of the drive rod 109 and located in the annular receiving cavity, one end of which contacts the inner wall of the upper cover 101, and the other end contacts the inner wall of the closed end of the moving iron core 104; the coil 107 is sleeved on the outside of the moving iron core 104 and located between the fixed iron core 102 and the lower cover 108, with both ends of the coil 107 in close contact with the fixed iron core 102 and the lower cover 108 respectively.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the insulating cylinder 5 encloses both the vacuum tube 4 and the insulating pull rod 2, while the lower ends of the inlet copper busbar 6 and the outlet copper busbar 8 extend out of the insulating cylinder 5 (bottom).

[0050] like Figure 1-3 and Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, the two ends of the limiting plate 9 are respectively connected to the permanent magnet mechanism 1 of the two automatic switching units. The limiting plate 9 has a waist-shaped hole 10, and two elastic pins 11 that can slide back and forth within the waist-shaped hole 10 are fitted inside it. The two elastic pins 11 are respectively fixedly connected one-to-one to the drive rods 109 (the ends extending out of the upper cover 101) of the two automatic switching units. The end of the drive rod 109 extending out of the upper cover 101 has a groove along its axial direction. One end of the limiting plate 9 is positioned within this groove and can slide back and forth along it (the elastic pin 11 at the end of each drive rod 109 passes vertically through the groove and is fitted into the waist-shaped hole 10 of the limiting plate 9). The limiting plate 9 and the two elastic pins 11 cooperate to form a limiting structure, which limits the travel of the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic switching device to within S, preventing the two automatic switching units from closing simultaneously.

[0051] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the outgoing copper busbars 8 of the two automatic conversion units are an integral structure and are located below the insulating pull rod 2 and the permanent magnet mechanism 1. An insulating plate 7 is provided above the outgoing copper busbar 8 to separate the outgoing copper busbar 8 from the insulating pull rod 2 and the permanent magnet mechanism 2. The insulating plate 7 is fixed to the upper part of the outgoing copper busbar 8.

[0052] The permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic transfer device, in its initial state (before closing),

[0053] K=FS, S=M+W

[0054] Wherein, K is the distance between the two elastic pins 11 (center); F is the sliding distance of the limiting plate 9 (i.e., the distance between the centers of the two ends of the waist-shaped hole in the limiting plate); S is the distance from the end face of the moving iron core facing the upper cover to the inner wall of the upper cover, i.e., the opening distance of the permanent magnet mechanism 1; M is the distance between the moving contact 403 and the stationary contact 401, i.e., the opening distance of the vacuum tube 4; W is the compression amount of the elastic element 202 of the insulating pull rod 2 after closing, i.e., the overtravel of the moving contact.

[0055] Working principle:

[0056] When the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power supply automatic conversion device is in the initial state, the permanent magnet mechanism 1 of both automatic conversion units is in the split position, the insulating pull rod 2 is in the initial state, and the moving contact 403 and the stationary contact 401 in the two vacuum tubes 4 are in the split position, that is, the whole device is in the double split position.

[0057] The closing process is as follows: When the external controller sends a closing signal, the coil 107 of the permanent magnet mechanism 1 in one of the automatic switching units is energized through the drive module and capacitor. The drive rod 109 is driven by the excitation to move towards the vacuum tube 4 (the electromagnetic force generated by the energization of the coil 107 pushes the moving iron core 104 and the drive rod 109 to move against the elastic force of the opening spring 103). The drive rod 109 drives the moving contact 403 of the vacuum tube 4 (moving towards the stationary contact 401) to perform the closing action through the insulating pull rod 2. After the moving contact 403 contacts the stationary contact 401, the drive rod 109 will continue to move in the closing direction. At this time, the elastic element 202 (spring or disc spring) inside the insulating pull rod 2 is compressed to obtain the moving contact overtravel. When the moving iron core 104 contacts the inner side of the upper cover 101, the closing is completed, the coil 107 is de-energized, and the moving iron core 104 provides the drive rod 109 with the holding force by the permanent magnet 105 to maintain the permanent magnet mechanism 1 and the vacuum tube 4 in the closed state. At this time, the incoming and outgoing lines of the automatic switching unit are connected. Due to the restriction of the limit plate 9, the elastic pins 11 at the tails of the drive rods 109 of the two permanent magnet mechanisms 1 are located at both ends of the waist hole of the limit plate 9. Therefore, when one side is closed, the other side cannot be closed. When the other side needs to be closed, the already closed side must be opened before the limit plate 9 is released and the other side can be closed.

[0058] The opening process is as follows: when the permanent magnet mechanism 1 and vacuum tube 4 of one of the automatic switching units are in the closed position, the external controller sends an opening signal, which energizes the coil 107 of the permanent magnet mechanism 1 of the automatic switching unit through the drive module and capacitor. The current is the reverse current of the current when the switch is closed, so as to neutralize part of the magnetic force provided by the permanent magnet 105 to the drive rod 109, so that the compression force of the opening spring 103 is greater than the combined force of the holding force on the drive rod 109 and the self-closing force of the insulating pull rod 2 and the moving contact 403. The permanent magnet mechanism 1 can then perform the opening action. The opening spring 103 pushes the moving iron core 104 and the drive rod 109 to move towards the other automatic switching unit. The drive rod 109 drives the moving contact 403 of the vacuum tube 4 (moving away from the stationary contact 401) to perform the opening action through the insulating pull rod 2. The moving contact 403 of the vacuum tube 4 is disconnected from the stationary contact 401 until it returns to the initial state, thus completing the opening.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] like Figure 12As shown, to achieve phase selection and phase separation control, this embodiment of a permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism consists of four sets of permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion devices described in Embodiment 1 and a housing 12. The four sets of permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion devices are installed side by side on the housing 12, forming a four-pole permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism. This four-pole permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion mechanism meets the needs of the corresponding scenario. After each pole is individually debugged and tested externally, modules with similar characteristics are selected according to the characteristics of each pole to form the finished product, greatly enhancing the overall functional characteristics of the product. The inlet copper busbar 6 and outlet copper busbar 8 of each permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion device extend downwards outside the housing 12 and are connected to external wires.

[0061] It should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0062] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic switching device, characterized in that: It includes two automatic conversion units and a limiting plate connected between the two automatic conversion units; Each automatic switching unit includes an inlet copper busbar, an outlet copper busbar, and the following components connected in sequence: a vacuum tube, an insulating pull rod, an adjusting screw, and a permanent magnet mechanism. The vacuum tube consists of a coaxially arranged tube body, a stationary contact, and a moving contact. One end of the stationary contact is fixed inside the tube body on one side, and the other end extends out of the tube body and connects to the inlet copper busbar. The moving contact is connected to the outlet copper busbar, with one end slidably disposed inside the tube body on the other side, able to be close to or away from the stationary contact, and the other end extending out of the tube body and coaxially connected to one end of the insulating pull rod. The insulating pull rod provides overtravel to the moving contact when the stationary and moving contacts are closed. Both ends of the adjusting screw are coaxially connected to the other end of the insulating pull rod and one end of the permanent magnet mechanism, respectively. The permanent magnet mechanism is used to provide power for the opening and closing of the stationary and moving contacts in the vacuum tube; the permanent magnet mechanism includes a housing, an upper cover, a lower cover, a drive rod, a moving iron core, a fixed iron core, a permanent magnet, a closing spring, and a coil; The shell is a cylindrical body with openings at both ends; The upper and lower covers are respectively sealed at both ends of the shell; The drive rod is a rod that is slidably installed inside the housing. One end of the drive rod extends out of the middle of the upper cover and is coaxially connected to the adjusting screw. The other end of the drive rod extends out of the middle of the lower cover and is coaxially connected to one end of the limiting plate. The moving iron core is a cylinder sleeved outside the drive rod. It is open at one end facing the upper cover, and closed and fixed to the drive rod at the other end facing the lower cover. An annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the moving iron core and the outer wall of the drive rod. The fixed iron core is a cylinder sleeved outside the moving iron core, with the end of the fixed iron core near the top cover tightly attached to the annular convex edge of the moving iron core; The permanent magnets are multiple pieces and are evenly installed on the outer wall of the fixed iron core around the outer periphery of the fixed iron core, with the outer wall of the permanent magnets tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell. The opening spring is sleeved outside the drive rod and located inside the annular receiving cavity. One end of the spring contacts the inner wall of the upper cover, and the other end contacts the inner wall of the closed end of the moving iron core. The coil is sleeved outside the moving iron core and located between the fixed iron core and the lower cover; The housing, drive rod, moving iron core, fixed iron core, and coil are coaxially arranged. The two ends of the limiting plate are respectively connected to the permanent magnet mechanism of the two automatic switching units to prevent the two automatic switching units from closing at the same time; the limiting plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole, and two elastic pins that can slide back and forth in the waist-shaped hole are fitted inside the waist-shaped hole. The two elastic pins are respectively fixedly connected to the drive rods of the two automatic switching units one-to-one.

2. The permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two automatic conversion units are coaxially and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the limit plate.

3. The permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each automatic switching unit also includes an insulating cylinder, inside which the vacuum tube and insulating pull rod are enclosed, and the inlet copper busbar and outlet copper busbar extend out of the insulating cylinder.

4. The permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the moving contact extending outside the tube is flexibly connected to the outgoing copper busbar via a wire or a soft copper sheet.

5. The permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating pull rod includes a coaxially arranged outer shell, an elastic element, a push rod, and a connecting rod; the outer shell is hollow inside, closed at one end and open at the other end; the elastic element is sleeved inside the outer shell; one end of the push rod slides into the outer shell from the open end and contacts the elastic element, and the other end is coaxially connected to the moving contact; one end of the connecting rod is fixed to the closed end of the outer shell, and the other end is coaxially connected to the adjusting screw.

6. The permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In its initial state, the distance between the two elastic pins is K=FS, where F is the sliding distance of the limiting plate and S is the distance from the end face of the moving iron core facing the upper cover to the inner wall of the upper cover.

7. The permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic conversion device according to claim 6, characterized in that: In its initial state, the distance S between the end face of the moving iron core and the upper cover plate is S=M+W, where M is the distance between the moving contact and the stationary contact, and W is the compression of the elastic element of the insulating tie rod after closing.

8. A permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual-power automatic switching mechanism, characterized in that: It consists of at least one set of permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion device as described in any one of claims 1-7 and a housing; the permanent magnet phase-controlled vacuum dual power automatic conversion device is installed on the housing.

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