Multi-load wireless power transmission system based on high-order anti-pt symmetry

Abstract

The application provides a multi-load wireless power transmission system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry, which introduces a "W-type" anti-resonance mode in a basic WPT platform, and facilitates the construction of an effective Anti-PT non-Hermitian system. The "energy level attraction" of the anti-resonance mode is combined with the "energy level splitting" of the anti-resonance mode and the resonance mode, and the "energy level pinning" effect of the high-order Anti-PT symmetry is studied. Compared with the traditional resonance WPT, the anti-resonance WPT has higher safety, stability, transmission efficiency and flexibility. Considering the miniaturization and integration of the device, a "superstructure coil" is designed by using "synthetic dimension", and is used to construct a high-order Anti-PT symmetry system, and then multi-load efficient WPT is realized. The new WPT technology based on the "energy level pinning" effect of the high-order Anti-PT symmetry not only provides a good application research platform for rich non-Hermitian physics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless power transmission technology, and in particular to a highly efficient and stable multi-load wireless power transmission system based on the "energy level pinning" effect of the anti-resonance state in a high-order anti-parity-time (Anti-PT) symmetric system. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a technology that uses electromagnetic waves to directly transfer electrical energy from a power source to a load. It opens up a new avenue for utilizing electrical energy and has significant application value in scenarios requiring high-degree-of-freedom power supply, such as consumer electronics, automated industrial workshops, and artificial intelligence platforms. However, traditional WPT is severely limited by transmission distance. Researchers have discovered that through the near-field coupling effect between two resonant coils (where the coupling strength decreases exponentially with increasing coil distance), magnetic resonance WPT can achieve efficient energy transfer over medium distances, thus promoting the widespread development of non-radiative magnetic resonance WPT. Nevertheless, the most significant drawback of magnetic resonance WPT is the difficulty in simultaneously achieving high efficiency and strong stability in energy transfer: on the one hand, for strong coupling (small resonant coil spacing), high transmission efficiency can be guaranteed, but the operating frequency will be split due to near-field coupling. Therefore, when the distance between the transmitting and receiving resonant coils changes, the optimal operating frequency of the system will shift, thus reducing the stability of the device. On the other hand, for weak coupling (small resonant coil spacing), the operating frequency can be kept stable, but the transmission efficiency will be significantly reduced. Therefore, achieving stable energy transmission while maintaining high system transmission efficiency has become a difficult contradiction to reconcile in medium- and long-range WPT (Wave Power Transmission). To solve this problem, researchers have proposed using a frequency tracking circuit to continuously change the system's operating frequency, scanning for the most efficient frequency, and then switching to the optimal operating frequency to ensure high-efficiency WPT. While this approach can achieve high transmission efficiency, the frequency tracking circuit not only increases the complexity of the equipment construction but also places higher demands on the performance of circuit components. Therefore, the complex circuit matching network still has limitations in many application scenarios.

[0003] In recent years, significant advancements in non-Hermitian physics have provided new theoretical support for the innovation of modern WPT (Wide-Track Tracking) technology. Researchers have applied parity-time (PT) symmetry from non-Hermitian physics to WPT systems, achieving robust WPT with adaptive tracking of the system's optimal operating frequency through nonlinear circuits. Although this approach is limited by the core component, the operational amplifier, making it difficult to achieve a maximum system power of over 10W, it has inspired researchers to explore new research perspectives based on new physical principles, thereby driving the emergence of new technologies and devices. Currently, WPT technology based on frequency tracking circuits and nonlinear effects has gradually solved the problem of locking the optimal operating frequency of WPT. However, it remains highly sensitive to complex internal circuits and nonlinear components, resulting in relatively poor overall system stability. Furthermore, achieving stable and efficient WPT over long distances with high transmitter / receiver area ratios and multiple loads remains a crucial scientific challenge that urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above scientific problems, this invention proposes for the first time a "W-type" anti-resonance structure. By introducing this anti-resonance mode into the basic WPT platform, we can conveniently construct an effective anti-parity-time (Anti-PT) non-Hermitian system. By combining the "level attraction" of the anti-resonance mode with the "level splitting" of the anti-resonance and resonance modes, the "level pinning" effect of higher-order Anti-PT symmetry is studied.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] A high-order Anti-PT symmetric multi-load wireless power transfer system includes: constructing a third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system by coupling a W-type anti-resonance structure with a Lorentz resonance structure; for the W-type anti-resonance structure, two detuned modes ω + The coupling coefficient between ω0+Δ and ω- = ω0-Δ is iγ, where Δ represents the detuning amount, and the coupling coefficient between the W-type anti-resonance structure and the resonant mode ω0 in the resonant structure is κ.

[0007] The equation of motion for the system is:

[0008]

[0009] Among them, γ j and Γ j (j=+,-,0) represent the resonant mode a, respectively. j =A j e -iωt Radiation loss and intrinsic loss; κ ± This indicates the near-field coupling strength between the anti-resonance structure and the resonance structure; and This represents the electromagnetic wave input to the anti-resonance structure from the outside; consider γ. + =γ - =γ0 / 2=γ,κ + =κ - =κ, neglecting the intrinsic loss Γ of the system + =Γ - =Γ0=0, and consider the condition of no reflection. At that time, the dynamic equation of the system can be expressed as:

[0010]

[0011] The equivalent Hamiltonian representation of the system at this point is:

[0012]

[0013] Where ω0 represents the center frequency of the resonance and anti-resonance systems, Δ represents the frequency detuning of the anti-resonance structure, κ represents the coupling strength between the anti-resonance and resonance structures, and γ represents the radiation loss of the two detuned modes in the anti-resonance structure; from formula (3), it is determined that the non-Hermitian system satisfies the third-order Anti-PT symmetry condition (PT)H(PT). -1 =PH * P = -H, and the center of symmetry of the system is ω0 in the frequency space.

[0014] Furthermore, without loss of generality, we first assume γ = 1. Under different coupling strengths κ, the locations where system modes merge correspond to the singularities of the non-Hermitian system.

[0015] Furthermore, according to formula (1), the transmission efficiency of the WPT system with W-type anti-resonance structure and Lorentz resonance structure third-order anti-PT symmetry is expressed as:

[0016]

[0017] S 2+ This represents the signal output from the resonant structure. and This represents the signal input from the anti-resonance structure. A0 represents the amplitude of the resonant structure, A + and A - The amplitude represents the detuned mode of the anti-resonance structure; at a fixed operating frequency ω = ω0, the transmission efficiency of the system is always η = 4γ / 4γ = 1.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes: using planar metacoil to design anti-resonant transmit coil (ATC), and then matching it with receive coil (RC) to build a compact third-order anti-PT symmetrical WPT system.

[0019] Furthermore, the radii of ATC and RC are represented by R and r, respectively; when R = 15 cm is fixed, the near-field coupling coefficient between ATC and RC decreases exponentially with increasing transmit / receive area ratio, κ0 = 159.55e -0.72R / r .

[0020] Furthermore, using the bypass capacitor as the equivalent circuit diagram of the ATC as the synthesis dimension, when the AC power supply voltage is U = -I1Z, the Kirchhoff equation of the ATC can be expressed as:

[0021]

[0022] Where I1 and I2 represent currents along different directions; -Z represents the power supply impedance; due to the symmetry of the ATC structure, L1 = L2 = L and C2 = C1;

[0023] Assume 1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C0, And make a suitable approximation ω 2 -ω0 2 ≈2ω(ω-ω0); The amplitude of the ATC structural mode is expressed as a n =(-iL n / ω)dI n / dt(n=1,2), and then formula (5) is rewritten as

[0024]

[0025] The equivalent gain and effective coupling of the ATC structure are obtained as γ0=-Z / 2L and κ=1 / 2ωC0L, respectively.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes the proposal of a synthetic third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system, assuming L3 = L, C3 = C, and R = Z. The Kirchhoff equation for this system is then expressed as:

[0027]

[0028] Here, M = ξL represents the mutual inductance of the synthesized ATC and TC; ξ = -C / C0 represents the coupling factor for different loads; similar to formula (6), the dynamic equation of the ATC and RC coupled system is obtained.

[0029]

[0030] Using unitary transformation Given a3 = a0, the system's equation of motion can be expressed as:

[0031]

[0032] Given Δ = 1 / 2ωC0L and γ0 = -Z / 2L, the dynamic equation derived from the Kirchhoff equation is expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] When γ = γ0 / 2 and κ = -Δ / 2 are defined, the equivalent Hamiltonian of the system is expressed by formula (3), and the system satisfies the Anti-PT symmetry condition (PT)H(PT). -1 =PH * P = -H.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] Compared to traditional resonant waveguide physics (WPT), anti-resonant WPT offers higher security (i.e., lower standby power loss), stability, transmission efficiency, and flexibility. Considering device miniaturization and integration, this invention employs a "synthetic dimension" design to create a "meta-coil," which is then used to construct a high-order Anti-PT symmetric system, thereby achieving efficient WPT across multiple loads. The novel WPT technology based on the "level pinning" effect of high-order Anti-PT symmetry not only provides a robust application research platform for enriching non-Hermitian physics but also opens new avenues for near-field applications that break through traditional resonance mechanisms, such as resonant imaging, wireless sensing, and photonic routing. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 Let represent an effective third-order Anti-PT symmetric non-Hermitian system; where (a) is the energy transfer model of the coupling between the "W-type" anti-resonance structure and the Lorentz resonance structure; (b) are the real part (solid line) and imaginary part (dashed line) of the system's intrinsic frequencies under different coupling strengths κ; and (c) is the equivalent three-level model of the effective third-order Anti-PT symmetric non-Hermitian system.

[0039] Figure 2 The equivalent circuit model of an effective third-order Anti-PT symmetric non-Hermitian system is given; where (a) is the circuit model of a standalone ATC; and (b) is the circuit model of an ATC coupled with an RC.

[0040] Figure 3 The coupling strength between ATC and RC in a third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system with a "meta-coil" structure varies with the area ratio of the transmitter / receiver.

[0041] Figure 4The real part (a) and imaginary part (b) of the intrinsic frequency of the system are represented under different transmit / receive area ratios R / r, where the solid line and the dashed line represent the WPT system corresponding to ATC and RTC, respectively.

[0042] Figure 5 This section compares the transmission efficiency of WPT systems corresponding to ATC and RTC.

[0043] Figure 6 The WPT system with ATC introduced is used for multi-load energy transfer. (a) and (b) represent the system's transmission efficiency when the load A is moving; (c) and (d) represent the transmission efficiency comparison between two identical loads; and (e), (f), and (g) represent the transmission efficiency comparison between two different loads.

[0044] Figure 7 This section compares the standby power consumption of WPT systems corresponding to ATC and RTC. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0047] I. Introduction to the Principles of the Solution

[0048] This invention proposes to construct a third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system by coupling a W-type anti-resonance structure with a Lorentz resonance structure. The corresponding physical model is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in (a). For the "W-type" anti-resonance structure, the two detuned modes ω + =ω0+Δ and ω - The coupling coefficient between ω0 and Δ is iγ, where Δ represents the detuning. Furthermore, the coupling coefficient between the "W-type" anti-resonance structure and the resonant mode ω0 in the resonant structure is κ. Figure 1 The equation of motion for the system shown in (a) can be written as:

[0049]

[0050] Among them, γ j and Γ j (j=+,-,0) represent the resonant mode a, respectively. j =A j e -iωtRadiation loss and intrinsic loss. κ ± This indicates the near-field coupling strength between the anti-resonance structure and the resonance structure. and This represents the electromagnetic wave input from the outside into the anti-resonance structure. Consider γ. + =γ - =γ0 / 2=γ,κ + =κ - =κ, neglecting the intrinsic loss Γ of the system + =Γ - =Γ0=0, and consider the condition of no reflection. At that time, the dynamic equation of the system can be expressed as:

[0051]

[0052] At this point, the equivalent Hamiltonian of the system can be represented as:

[0053]

[0054] Where ω0 represents the center frequency of the resonance and anti-resonance systems, Δ represents the frequency detuning of the anti-resonance structure, κ represents the coupling strength between the anti-resonance and resonance structures, and γ represents the radiation loss of the two detuned modes in the anti-resonance structure. From formula (3), we can determine... Figure 1 The non-Hermitian system shown satisfies the third-order Anti-PT symmetry condition (PT)H(PT). -1 =PH * P = -H, and the system's center of symmetry is ω0 in the frequency space. Without loss of generality, we first assume γ = 1. Under different coupling strengths κ, the real and imaginary parts of the system's eigenfrequencys are respectively as follows: Figure 1 (b) is shown by the solid and dashed lines. The location where the system modes merge corresponds to the singular point (EP) of the non-Hermitian system, marked with a pentagram in the figure. It can be clearly seen that the center frequency ω0 always remains a pure real number. This "level pinning" effect originates from the "level attraction" of the anti-resonance structure, and ω in the anti-resonance structure. + =ω0+Δ and ω - =ω0-Δ As a result of the upward and downward "level repulsion" interactions of ω0 in the resonance structure, the three energy levels of the system are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in (c).

[0055] According to formula (1), the transmission efficiency of the WPT system with third-order Anti-PT symmetry between the "W-type" anti-resonance structure and the Lorentz resonance structure can be expressed as:

[0056]

[0057] S 2+ This represents the signal output from the resonant structure. and This represents the signal input from the anti-resonance structure. A0 represents the amplitude of the resonant structure, A + and A - This represents the amplitude of the detuned mode of the anti-resonance structure. At a fixed operating frequency ω = ω0, the transmission efficiency of the system is constant at η = 4γ / 4γ = 1, which is independent of the coupling strength κ. Therefore, the third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT technology provides a good solution to overcome the problem of traditional resonant WPT being unable to balance transmission efficiency and stability.

[0058] II. Experimental Procedures and Results

[0059] This invention proposes using a planar "meta-coil" to design an anti-resonance transmitter coil (ATC), and then matching it with a receiver coil (RC) to build a compact third-order anti-PT symmetrical WPT system, such as... Figure 3 As shown in the illustration. The radii of ATC and RC are represented by R and r, respectively. When R = 15cm is fixed, Figure 3 The near-field coupling coefficient between ATC and RC is shown to decrease exponentially with increasing transmitter / receiver area ratio, κ0 = 159.55e -0.72R / r The lumped circuit element part of the "super-coil" is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the power signals are input to the system from the "+" and "-" terminals on the left side of the circuit board. L2, marked on the circuit board, indicates that the Litz wire provides distributed inductance, while L1 and C... i (i = 0, 1, 2) represent the lumped inductance and capacitance, respectively.

[0060] The equivalent circuit diagram of an ATC using the bypass capacitor as the "composite dimension", such as... Figure 3 As shown. When the AC power supply voltage is U = -I1Z, the Kirchhoff equation for ATC can be expressed as:

[0061]

[0062] Where I1 and I2 represent currents along different directions, respectively. -Z represents the power supply impedance. Considering the symmetry of the ATC structure, we assume L1 = L2 = L and C2 = C1. Furthermore, to simplify the system, we assume 1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C0. And make a suitable approximation ω 2 -ω0 2 ≈2ω(ω-ω0). The amplitude of the ATC structural mode can be expressed as an =(-iL n / ω)dI n / dt(n=1,2), and then formula (5) can be rewritten as

[0063]

[0064] Furthermore, in order to connect the Kirchhoff equation with coupled mode theory, we obtained the equivalent gain and effective coupling of the ATC structure as γ0=-Z / 2L and κ=1 / 2ωC0L, respectively.

[0065] consider Figure 3 The present invention proposes a synthesized third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system based on the ATC and RC coupled structure shown. To simplify the system, we assume L3 = L, C3 = C, and R = Z. The Kirchhoff equations of the system can then be expressed as:

[0066]

[0067] Here, M = ξL represents the mutual inductance of the synthesized ATC and TC. ξ = -C / C0 represents the coupling factor for different loads. Similar to equation (6), we can obtain the dynamic equation of the ATC and RC coupled system.

[0068]

[0069] Use a suitable unitary transformation Given a3 = a0, the system's equation of motion can be expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] Assuming Δ = 1 / 2ωC0L and γ0 = -Z / 2L, the kinetic equation derived from the Kirchhoff equation can be expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] When γ = γ0 / 2 and κ = -Δ / 2 are defined, the equivalent Hamiltonian of the system can be expressed as formula (3), that is, the system satisfies the Anti-PT symmetry condition (PT)H(PT). -1 =PH * P = -H. Therefore, by introducing the synthesized ATC structure, we can conveniently construct a WPT system that satisfies third-order Anti-PT symmetry.

[0074] From equation (4), it can be seen that a third-order Anti-PT symmetric non-Hermitian system can achieve energy transfer independent of coupling strength, that is, achieve efficient WPT with different transmitter / receiver area ratios. When L = 98 μH, C = 5.1 nF and Z = 50 Ω are selected, the real and imaginary eigenvalues ​​of the system obtained by changing the RC radius are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it can be clearly seen that the eigenfrequency ω0 = 226, a purely real number, is independent of the radius of the RC coil. This provides an effective way to achieve efficient WPTs with different transmitter / receiver area ratios. In particular, when the radius ratio of the ATC and RC coil satisfies R / r = 2.41, the eigenvalues ​​merge at position EP1. For ease of comparison, we use a resonance transmitter coil (RTC) instead of the ATC and present the phase diagram of a conventional resonant WPT with the same parameters, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown by the dashed line. It can be observed that for traditional resonant WPT, when the radius ratio of RTC and RC satisfies R / r = 1.7, the eigenvalues ​​merge at position EP1. Once the radius ratio exceeds this critical value, the system's eigenfrequency is no longer a real number, leading to a significant reduction in transmission efficiency. Furthermore, from... Figure 4 We can see that the EP of an effective third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system occurs under a larger radius ratio condition than that of a conventional resonant WPT.

[0075] Compared to the traditional resonant WPT system, the transmission efficiency of the synthesized anti-resonant system is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the calculation and measurement results of the RTC(ATC) WPT system are represented by solid lines (dashed lines) and pentagrams (circles), respectively. We can see that, on the one hand, for the resonant WPT system, the optimal operating frequency needs to be tracked when considering different radius ratios. However, the operating frequency of the anti-PT symmetric WPT system, which introduces anti-resonance, remains fixed at ω0 = 226 kHz. On the other hand, the transmission efficiency of the anti-PT symmetric WPT is relatively stable, while in the resonant WPT system, the transmission efficiency drops sharply when the radius ratio R / r is greater than 2.4. (Comparison) Figure 5 From the transmission efficiency, we can see that this Anti-PT symmetric WPT system with a real eigenfrequency independent of the radius ratio can be regarded as an efficient WPT scheme with a high transmit / receive area ratio without frequency tracking.

[0076] This invention proposes a variety of multi-load WPTs that utilize a high transmitter / receiver area ratio achieved through an Anti-PT symmetric WPT system. Firstly, for the helical planar coil structure, the internal magnetic field distribution is uniform. Figure 6(a) shows that we moved the load A by different distances in the z direction to test the coupling strength between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. The results showed that the coupling strength between the transmitting coil and the RC remained close to constant when the RC was moved, which meant that the transmission efficiency was independent of the position of the RC. Figure 6 In (b), the dashed lines and circles represent the theoretically calculated and experimentally tested transmission efficiencies of a third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system when the RC is moved from 0 cm to 8 cm along the z-direction, corresponding to a radius ratio of R / r = 6 (coupling strength κ0 = 5.1 kHz). As a control group, the transmission efficiencies of a resonant WPT system with the same theoretical and experimental parameters are represented by solid lines and pentagrams. Comparing the third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system with ATC and the resonant WPT system with RTC, we can see that the transmission efficiency of the third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system for high transmitter / receiver area ratios can be significantly improved.

[0077] Secondly, considering the case with n identical loads A (coupling between loads can be ignored), the Kirchhoff equation of the system can be written as follows:

[0078]

[0079] Where I Aj (j=1,2,...,n) represents the current of the i-th load Aj. Similar to formula (8), the dynamic equation of the multi-load WPT system with ATC can be expressed as follows:

[0080]

[0081] by Figure 6 (c) shows the two loads A1 and A2 (Z) A1 =Z A2 =Z A Taking Ω = 50Ω and κ0 = 5.1 as examples, the load transmission efficiency at the operating frequency ω = ω0 is:

[0082]

[0083] Where χ represents a constant factor of the multi-load WPT system, κ0=1 / 2ωC0L, γ0=-Z / 2L, γ Aj =-Z Aj / 2L and κ Aj =-M j ω / 2L (j=1,2). Experimentally, we tested the transmission efficiency of loads A1 and A2 after 15 random shifts, and found that the transmission efficiency is equally distributed by η. A1 =η A2 =0.21, such as Figure 6As shown in (d), the theoretical calculation results are represented by dashed lines, and the transmission efficiencies of loads A1 and A2 obtained from experimental tests are represented by circles and diamonds, respectively.

[0084] Finally, we also investigated the selective allocation of transmission efficiency in WPT systems incorporating ATC under multi-load conditions. Figure 6 (e) shows two different loads A1 = A and A2 = B (Z A ≠Z B The transmission efficiency ratio of the two loads is expressed as follows:

[0085] η A / η B =γ B κ A 2 / γ A κ B 2 , formula (14)

[0086] Where γ A =-Z A / 2L(γ B =-Z B / 2L) and κ A =κ0(κ B =κ0') represent the radiation loss and coupling strength of load A(B), respectively. Consider different loads B, including Z. B =10Ω (κ0' = 2.1kHz) and Z B =100Ω (κ0'=3.2kHz), to study the distribution of transmission efficiency, such as Figure 6 As shown in (f) and 6(g), it can be seen that under different load conditions, the first case (Z) A =50Ω,Z B =10Ω) and the second case (Z) A =50Ω,Z B The transmission efficiency ratios (for Ω=100Ω) are close to 1.22 and 4.99, respectively. Therefore, the high transmit / receive area ratio of the efficient WPT achieved through the Anti-PT symmetric WPT system can enable flexible adjustment of transmission efficiency among different loads.

[0087] From a safety and energy-saving perspective, maintaining low energy output when the system is idle is crucial. In traditional WPT schemes, idle power loss remains a significant challenge. However, for Anti-PT symmetric systems constructed using anti-resonance modes, this limitation can be effectively overcome. Compared to traditional resonant WPT systems, the standby power loss of Anti-PT symmetric WPT systems is as follows: Figure 7As shown, the calculation and measurement results of the WPT system corresponding to ATC and RTC are represented by solid lines and symbols, respectively. It can be clearly seen that the idle power loss of the Anti-PT symmetrical WPT system near the operating frequency is significantly less than that of the traditional resonant WPT case. This is beneficial for intermittent wireless charging and provides better safety in practical applications. The advantages of the multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry proposed in this invention are as follows:

[0088] 1. The high-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system constructed by the “W”-type anti-resonance mode has real eigenvalues ​​and high transmission efficiency.

[0089] 2. By combining the "energy level attraction" of the anti-resonance mode with the "energy level splitting" of the anti-resonance and resonance modes, the "energy level pinning" effect of higher-order Anti-PT symmetry was studied, which can ensure frequency locking of energy transmission and has high stability.

[0090] 3. The "meta-coil" with anti-resonance mode has a simple structure and the coil size is comparable to that of a traditional resonant coil.

[0091] 4. High-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT systems exhibit strong robustness to near-field coupling strength in transmission efficiency, enabling high area ratios at the transmitter / receiver end and efficient energy transmission across multiple loads.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry, characterized in that, include: A third-order anti-PT symmetric WPT system is constructed by coupling a W-type anti-resonance structure with a Lorentz resonance structure; for the W-type anti-resonance structure, two detuned modes... and The coupling coefficient between them is , The equation of motion for the system is: Official (1) Among them and Representing the resonant modes respectively Radiation loss and intrinsic loss; This indicates the near-field coupling strength between the anti-resonance structure and the resonance structure; and This represents the electromagnetic waves input into the anti-resonance structure from the outside; consider , Ignoring the intrinsic losses of the system And consider the no-reflection condition. At that time, the dynamic equation of the system is expressed as: Official (2) The equivalent Hamiltonian representation of the system at this point is: Official (3) in Indicates the center frequency of the resonant and anti-resonant systems. This indicates the frequency detuning of the anti-resonance structure. This indicates the coupling strength between the anti-resonance structure and the resonance structure; from formula (3), it is determined whether the non-Hermitian system satisfies the third-order Anti-PT symmetry condition. Yes, and the system's center of symmetry is in the frequency space. .

2. The multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry according to claim 1, characterized in that, In order not to lose generality, At this time, different coupling strengths The location where the system patterns merge corresponds to the singularity of the non-Hermitian system.

3. The multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to formula (1), the transmission efficiency of a WPT system with W-type anti-resonance structure and Lorentz resonance structure third-order anti-PT symmetry is expressed as: , Official (4) Among them This represents the signal output from the resonant structure. Indicates the amplitude of the resonant structure. and This represents the amplitude of the detuned mode of the anti-resonance structure; at a fixed operating frequency. Under these conditions, the system's transmission efficiency remains constant. .

4. The multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: using planar metacoil to design anti-resonant transmit coil (ATC), and then matching it with receive coil (RC) to build a compact third-order anti-PT symmetrical WPT system.

5. The multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry according to claim 4, characterized in that, The radii of ATC and RC are respectively... and To indicate; when fixed At 15 cm, the near-field coupling coefficient between ATC and RC decreases exponentially with increasing transmitter / receiver area ratio. .

6. The multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry according to claim 5, characterized in that, The equivalent circuit diagram of an ATC using a bypass capacitor as the synthesis dimension, when the AC power supply voltage is... At that time, the Kirchhoff equation for ATC is expressed as: Official (5) Among them and These represent currents flowing in different directions; Indicates the power supply impedance; due to the symmetry of the ATC structure, as well as ; Assumption , , The amplitude of the ATC structural mode is expressed as: Then formula (5) is rewritten as , Official (6) The equivalent gain and effective coupling of the ATC structure are obtained as follows: and .

7. The multi-load wireless power transfer system based on high-order Anti-PT symmetry according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes the proposal of a synthetic third-order Anti-PT symmetric WPT system, assuming , , as well as At this point, the Kirchhoff equation for the system is expressed as: Official (7) Here This indicates the mutual inductance between the synthesized ATC and TC; Represent the coupling factors for different loads; obtain the dynamic equations of the ATC and RC coupled system. , Official (8) Using unitary transformation , as well as The system's equation of motion is expressed as , Official (8) set up as well as The dynamic equation derived from the Kirchhoff equation is expressed as: Official (10) When defined as well as When the system's equivalent Hamiltonian is expressed by formula (3), the system satisfies the Anti-PT symmetry condition. .

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