A method of assembling and welding a rack

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of welding process, especially to a rack assembly welding method, which uses a rack flexible assembly tire, the rack flexible assembly tire is provided with a tire seat for mounting each assembly tire component unit, and further comprises a supporting unit, a positioning unit, a side pressing unit, a top pressing unit, an alignment unit and a scribing unit, and the specific welding method is as follows: assembling a first middle beam and a second middle beam, assembling two side beams, assembling a rear end beam, checking a gap, welding a positioning weld, assembling a front end beam, welding a positioning weld, and completing final welding, so that the welding assembly position is convenient and accurate, the support and positioning are sufficient, the pressing is reliable, the demolding is fast and convenient, the relative distance of each component is convenient to adjust during assembly, the relative position of each component and the weld gap are effectively controlled, the weld penetration at the weld is ensured, the rack welding deformation is controlled, the weld connection strength after welding is ensured, the rack size precision after welding is controlled, the welding precision is effectively ensured, the rework is avoided, and the welding efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular to a method for assembling and welding machine frames. Background Technology

[0002] The locomotive frame is the main skeleton of the locomotive's running gear, and its quality directly affects the safe operation of the locomotive. Therefore, it is essential to strictly control the welding quality of the frame assembly, especially the overall welding quality. The locomotive frame of a certain diesel locomotive is a completely new design structure. Its main frame consists of left and right side beams, a first central beam, a second central beam, and front and rear end beams. All of these adopt a box-type structure, welded from thick steel plates. During final assembly, there are many points that need to be controlled, making the manufacturing process difficult. Without the right process equipment, the overall assembly quality cannot be guaranteed.

[0003] All components of the frame are welded box-shaped structures. Even identical components may exhibit dimensional or positional deviations within tolerance limits due to welding deformation. During frame assembly, reasonable gaps must be maintained between components, controlling the bevel spacing at weld joints to 3-5mm to ensure complete weld penetration, but avoiding excessive gaps to prevent overly wide welds. The relative positions of each component must be controlled to ensure sufficient allowance for subsequent finishing of the overall product dimensions and critical areas after welding.

[0004] Due to the large size and weight of the frame components, they are unstable during overhead crane hoisting, making hoisting difficult. Sufficient clearance is required before and after welding to facilitate component hoisting and demolding of the entire frame.

[0005] Different locomotive models are equipped with frames with similar structures. Using dedicated tooling for all of them would lead to problems such as high tooling manufacturing costs, large space occupation, and difficulty in management. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing methods mentioned above, the present invention provides a frame assembly welding method.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a frame assembly and welding method, using a flexible frame assembly jig, wherein the flexible frame assembly jig is provided with a jig seat for installing each assembly jig component unit, and further includes:

[0008] Support units are used to provide stable support for the bottom of the various components of the rack;

[0009] The positioning unit is used to abut against one side wall of each component and provide a horizontal positioning reference for it, and is equipped with several positioning posts for threaded connection installation.

[0010] The side pressure unit is used to press the other side wall of each component, restricting the horizontal displacement of each component, and is equipped with several threaded side pressure columns.

[0011] The top pressure unit is used to press the top of each component, restrict the vertical displacement of each component, and is equipped with several top pressure columns with threaded connections.

[0012] The alignment unit is used to align the installation position of the components with the scribing reference on the upper surfaces of the left beam, right beam, first middle beam and second middle beam, and includes several alignment seats.

[0013] The alignment base has two bases and a ruler distributed on both sides of each component. Each base has a backrest on its top surface. The ruler is placed on the top surface of the two opposite bases, spanning over each component, with one side of the ruler abutting against the backrest on the two bases.

[0014] The specific welding method is as follows:

[0015] S1. Assemble the first and second middle beams in any order. Hoist the first or second middle beam onto the corresponding support unit so that its side abuts against the positioning column of the positioning unit to achieve positioning in the front and back directions. Then install the straightedge and adjust the positioning column and the left and right positions of the first or second middle beam so that the longitudinal scribing reference on the first or second middle beam is aligned with the side of the straightedge in the vertical projection direction. Then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0016] S2. Assemble two side beams in any order. Hoist the two side beams onto the corresponding support units so that their sides abut against the positioning posts of the positioning unit. First, adjust the position of the positioning posts on the sides. Then, adjust the gap at the weld between the first and second middle beams and the side beams to achieve positioning of the side beams in the left and right directions. Next, install the straightedge and adjust the position of the positioning posts on the end face. Adjust the longitudinal scribing reference of the side beams to align with the side edge of the straightedge in the vertical projection direction. Finally, lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0017] S3, Assemble the rear end beam, hoist the rear end beam onto the corresponding support unit, so that its side abuts against the positioning column of the positioning unit to achieve positioning in the front and rear directions, then adjust its left and right position, adjust the gap at the weld between it and the two side beams, and then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0018] S4. Check the gap between each welding process liner and each component of the frame. It should not exceed 2mm.

[0019] S5, the butt joint bevel of each component's lower cover plate is welded with tack welds at both ends. Each tack weld is at least 50mm long and at least 10mm away from the end of the weld. The thickness of the tack weld is at least 5mm.

[0020] S6, Assemble the front beam, hoist the front beam onto the corresponding support unit, so that its side abuts against the positioning column of the positioning unit, adjust the gap between the front beam and the weld between the two side beams, and then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0021] S7, Weld the tack weld between the front beam and the two side beams. The welding requirements for the tack weld are the same as those for S5.

[0022] S8 sequentially completes the final welding of all welds between the various components of the frame.

[0023] Specifically, stable supports and precise positioning ensure the installation accuracy of each component, while reliable clamping guarantees stable fixation. Threaded connections for the positioning, side, and top pressure columns facilitate adjustments to the positioning, side, and top pressure units based on the actual errors of each component, controlling their relative positions and ensuring the final product dimensions after welding. Alignment units provide positioning references for the first and second center beams, facilitating adjustments to the left and right beam positions. The design of two bases and a guide rail allows for easy removal of the guide rail during hoisting and demolding, simplifying operation and preventing interference. A specific assembly sequence facilitates rapid positioning of each component, controlling their relative positions and the overall dimensions of the frame. Special positioning welds provide initial overall connection and fixation of the frame, ensuring appropriate connection strength and minimizing overall frame deformation during subsequent welding adjustments or full welding. During welding, the position and angle of the assembly jig can be adjusted to modify the welding angle, improving welding quality and controlling deformation.

[0024] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes, in step S6, for the closed front beam, making its side abut against the positioning post of the positioning unit to achieve positioning of the closed front beam in the front-rear direction, and then adjusting its left and right position to adjust the gap between it and the weld between the two side beams.

[0025] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes, in step S6, for the open front beam, making the outer surface of its flange plate abut against the positioning column of the positioning unit to realize the positioning of the open front beam in the left and right directions, and then adjusting its front and rear position to adjust the gap at the weld between it and the two side beams.

[0026] According to another embodiment of the present invention, further comprising, in S3 and S6, the support unit is a front beam diagonal brace and a rear beam diagonal brace freely placed on the mounting base. The top surfaces of the front beam diagonal brace and the rear beam diagonal brace form an angle with the top surface of the mounting base. The relative positions of the front beam diagonal brace and the front beam, and the rear beam diagonal brace and the rear beam are adjusted so that the lower cover plates of the front beam and the rear beam are flush with the lower cover plates of the two side beams. By setting freely placed front beam diagonal braces and rear beam diagonal braces, welding errors of the front beam diagonal brace and rear beam diagonal brace assemblies are accommodated, and adjustments are convenient; no disassembly is required when changing between the two frame types.

[0027] According to another embodiment of the present invention, step S8 further includes the following sub-steps:

[0028] S81, adjust the base so that the frame is placed vertically, weld the welds between each vertical plate, and weld the welds at the joints of the rear beam, the first middle beam, the second middle beam, the front beam and the side beam vertical plates in sequence.

[0029] S82, adjust the jig seat so that the frame is placed horizontally on its side and the two side beams are in the vertical direction, and weld the welds at the joints between the upright plates of each side beam and the upright plate of the front beam.

[0030] S83, adjust the mounting base until the frame is horizontal and flat, and weld the weld at the joint of the upper cover plate of the front beam and the side beams;

[0031] S84, weld at the joint of the upper cover plate of the welded rear beam, the second middle beam and the two side beams;

[0032] S85, weld at the joint between the upper cover plates of the first middle beam and the two side beams;

[0033] S86, weld seam at the joint of the lower cover plate of the front beam, first middle beam, second middle beam, rear beam and the two side beams.

[0034] By arranging the welding sequence appropriately, the butt welds of the upright plate, upper cover plate, and lower cover plate are welded in sequence. The alternating welding arrangement continuously enhances the overall strength of the frame during the welding process, and welding deformation can be effectively controlled under the current clamping and pressing arrangement.

[0035] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the support unit further includes a side beam support, a first middle beam support, a second middle beam support, a front beam diagonal brace, and a rear beam diagonal brace. The top surfaces of the front beam diagonal brace and the rear beam diagonal brace form an angle with the top surface of the mounting base and are freely placed on the mounting base. The positioning unit includes a side beam side support, a side beam end support, a first middle beam support, a second middle beam support, a front beam support, and a rear beam support. The front beam support includes a closed front beam support and an abutment flange plate. The open front beam has a backrest, and at least three positioning posts are provided on the backrest. The side pressure unit includes side beam side pressure, side beam end pressure, first middle beam side pressure, second middle beam side pressure, front beam side pressure and rear beam side pressure. The front beam side pressure is used to press the side wall of the closed front beam. The top pressure unit includes side beam top pressure, first middle beam top pressure, second middle beam top pressure, front beam top pressure and rear beam top pressure. The alignment unit includes side beam alignment seat, first middle beam alignment seat and second middle beam alignment seat.

[0036] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the marking reference is a marking line measured and marked on the upper surface of the left beam, right beam, first middle beam and second middle beam before assembly, each including two center lines along its transverse and vertical directions.

[0037] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the support unit is a welded strip with its bottom and top surfaces parallel, and its length is set according to the width of each component.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are that a single flexible assembly jig can be used to handle the assembly and welding operations of two machine models with different similar specifications. The tooling manufacturing cost is low, the space occupied is small, and the management is convenient. When switching between two machine models, only a few tooling units need to be replaced for application. The overall layout is simplified, the position adjustment of welding components is convenient and accurate, the support positioning is sufficient and the clamping is reliable, the demolding is quick and convenient, and the relative distance of each component can be easily adjusted during assembly, solving the positioning problem of the separated welding components. It effectively controls the relative position of each component and the weld gap, ensures the weld penetration, controls the welding deformation of the frame, ensures the weld connection strength after welding, controls the dimensional accuracy of the frame after welding, effectively ensures welding accuracy, avoids rework, and improves welding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the closed frame is installed;

[0042] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view at point E in the middle;

[0043] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view at point F;

[0044] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view at point G;

[0045] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view at point H;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the open frame is installed;

[0047] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view at point L;

[0048] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view at point M;

[0049] Figure 10 This is another structural schematic diagram of the present invention when installing an open frame;

[0050] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Enlarged view at point N;

[0051] Figure 12 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a surface-contact type of mountain support;

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate seat of the open front beam.

[0053] In the diagram, the components are: 1. Base; 21. Side beam support; 23. First middle beam support; 24. Second middle beam support; 25. Front beam diagonal brace; 26. Rear beam diagonal brace; 31. Side beam side support; 32. Side beam end support; 33. First middle beam support; 33a. Closed first middle beam support; 33b. Open first middle beam support; 34. Second middle beam support; 34a. Closed second middle beam support; 34b. Open second middle beam support; 35. Front beam support. Closed front beam backing 35a, open front beam backing 35b, rear beam backing 36, side beam side pressure 41, side beam end face pressure 42, first middle beam side pressure 43, second middle beam side pressure 44, front beam side pressure 45, rear beam side pressure 46, side beam top pressure 51, first middle beam top pressure 53, second middle beam top pressure 54, front beam top pressure 55, rear beam top pressure 56, straightedge 60, side beam alignment seat 61, first middle... Beam alignment seat 63, second middle beam alignment seat 64, closed second middle beam alignment seat 64a, open second middle beam alignment seat 64b, closed front beam marking seat 65a, open front beam intermediate seat 65b, reference block 65b1, intermediate seat body 65b2, rear beam marking seat 66, positioning column 81, side pressure column 82, top pressure column 83, surface contact type backing seat 9, backing seat 91, sliding sleeve 92, sliding shaft 93, tapered hole 931 , tapered pin 94, closed left side beam a1, closed right side beam a2, closed first middle beam a3, closed second middle beam a4, closed front beam a5, closed rear beam a6, closed frame marking reference a7, open left side beam b1, open right side beam b2, open first middle beam b3, open second middle beam b4, open front beam b5, flange plate b51, open rear beam b6, open frame marking reference b7, weld c. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The frame comprises two main categories, both with a symmetrical left-right structure: open frames and closed frames. Their constituent components are all box-shaped structural components, each equipped with a lower cover plate, an upper cover plate, and two side uprights. Four welds (c) are located at the joints of the lower cover plate, upper cover plate, and two side uprights. The closed frame includes a closed left-side beam a1, a closed right-side beam a2, a closed first middle beam a3, a closed second middle beam a4, a closed front-end beam a5, and a closed rear-end beam a6. The open frame includes an open left-side beam b1, an open right-side beam b2, an open first middle beam b3, an open second middle beam b4, an open front-end beam b5, and an open rear-end beam b6. The open front-end beam b5 is divided into left and right sections, each equipped with a flange plate b51. Both open and closed frames are available in various specifications with different local dimensions. During assembly and welding, the lower cover plate of each box-shaped structural component is located on the outside, meaning the upper cover plate abuts against each supporting unit. The process lining plate at each weld (c) is fixed to the small opening side of the weld (c) bevel. The left and right beams are collectively referred to as side beams.

[0055] like Figure 1-13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, a frame assembly and welding method, using a flexible frame assembly jig, wherein the flexible frame assembly jig is provided with a jig seat 1 for mounting each assembly jig component unit, and further includes:

[0056] Support units are used to provide stable support for the bottom of the various components of the rack;

[0057] The positioning unit is used to abut against one side wall of each component and provide a horizontal positioning reference for it, and is provided with several positioning posts 81 with threaded connection installation.

[0058] The side pressure unit is used to press the other side wall of each component to limit the horizontal displacement of each component, and is provided with several threaded side pressure columns 82.

[0059] The top pressure unit is used to press the top of each component and restrict the vertical displacement of each component, and is equipped with several top pressure columns 83 with threaded connections.

[0060] The alignment unit is used to align the installation position of the components with the scribing reference on the upper surfaces of the left beam, right beam, first middle beam and second middle beam, and includes several alignment seats.

[0061] The alignment base has two bases distributed on both sides of each component and a ruler 60. Each base has a backing on its top surface. The ruler 60 is placed on the top surface of the two opposite bases, spanning over each component, with one side of it abutting against the backing on the two bases.

[0062] The specific welding method is as follows:

[0063] S1. Assemble the first and second middle beams in any order. Hoist the first or second middle beam onto the corresponding support unit so that its side abuts against the positioning column 81 of the positioning unit to achieve positioning in the front and rear directions. Then install the straightedge 60 and adjust the left and right positions of the positioning column 81 and the first or second middle beam so that the longitudinal scribing reference on the first or second middle beam is aligned with the side of the straightedge 60 in the vertical projection direction. Then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0064] S2, Assemble two side beams in any order. Hoist the two side beams onto the corresponding support units so that their sides abut against the positioning posts 81 of the positioning unit. First, adjust the position of the positioning posts 81 on the sides and adjust the gap at weld c between the first and second middle beams and the side beams to achieve positioning of the side beams in the left and right directions. Then, install the straightedge 60 and adjust the position of the positioning posts 81 on the end face. Adjust the longitudinal scribing reference of the side beams to align with the side edge of the straightedge 60 in the vertical projection direction. Then, lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0065] S3, Assemble the rear end beam, hoist the rear end beam onto the corresponding support unit, so that its side abuts against the positioning column 81 of the positioning unit to achieve positioning in the front and rear directions, then adjust its left and right position, adjust the gap between it and the weld c between the two side beams, and then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0066] S4. Check the gap between each welding process liner and each component of the frame. It should not exceed 2mm.

[0067] S5, the butt joint bevel of each component's lower cover plate is welded with tack welds at both ends. Each tack weld is not less than 50mm long and is at least 10mm away from the end of weld c. The thickness of the tack weld is at least 5mm.

[0068] S6, Assemble the front beam, hoist the front beam onto the corresponding support unit, so that its side abuts against the positioning column 81 of the positioning unit, adjust the gap between it and the weld c between the two side beams, and then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit.

[0069] S7, Weld the tack weld between the front beam and the two side beams. The welding requirements for the tack weld are the same as those for S5.

[0070] S8, sequentially completes the final welding of all weld seams c between the various components of the frame.

[0071] A scribing unit may also be provided, used as a scribing reference to scribing lines on the upper surfaces of the closed front beam a5 and the rear beam, including several scribing seats; each scribing seat has two seat bodies and a ruler 60 distributed on both sides of each component, and each seat body has a backing plate on its top surface. The ruler 60 is placed on the top surface of the two opposite seat bodies, spanning over each component, with one side abutting against the backing plates on the two seat bodies. The scribing unit includes a closed front beam scribing seat 65a and a rear beam scribing seat 66.

[0072] like Figure 3 As shown, some of the positioning posts 81, side pressure posts 82, and top pressure posts 83 are displayed.

[0073] Preferably, in step S6, for the closed front beam a5, its side abuts against the positioning post 81 of the positioning unit to achieve positioning of the closed front beam a5 in the front-rear direction, and then its left and right positions are adjusted to adjust the gap between it and the weld c between the two side beams.

[0074] Preferably, in step S6, for the open front beam b5, the outer surface of its flange plate b51 abuts against the positioning column 81 of the positioning unit to achieve positioning of the open front beam b5 in the left and right directions, and then its front and rear position is adjusted to adjust the gap between it and the weld c between the two side beams.

[0075] Preferably, in S3 and S6, the support unit is a front beam diagonal brace 25 and a rear beam diagonal brace 26 freely placed on the tire seat 1. The top surfaces of the front beam diagonal brace 25 and the rear beam diagonal brace 26 are at an angle to the top surface of the tire seat 1. The relative positions of the front beam diagonal brace 25 and the front beam, and the rear beam diagonal brace 26 and the rear beam are adjusted so that the lower cover plates of the front beam and the rear beam are flush with the lower cover plates of the two side beams.

[0076] Preferably, step S8 includes the following sub-steps:

[0077] S81, adjust the base 1 until the frame is placed vertically, weld the weld c between each vertical plate, and weld the weld c at the joint of the rear beam, the first middle beam, the second middle beam, the front beam and the side beam vertical plate in sequence.

[0078] S82, adjust the mounting base 1 until the frame is placed horizontally on its side and the two side beams are in the vertical direction, and weld the weld c at the joint between the upright plate of each side beam and the upright plate of the front beam;

[0079] S83, adjust the mounting base 1 until the frame is horizontal and flat, and weld the weld c at the joint of the upper cover plate of the front beam and the side beams;

[0080] S84, weld c at the joint of the upper cover plate of the welded rear beam, the second middle beam and the two side beams;

[0081] S85, weld c at the joint between the upper cover plates of the first middle beam and the two side beams;

[0082] S86, weld c at the joint of the lower cover plate of the front beam, the first middle beam, the second middle beam, the rear beam and the two side beams.

[0083] Preferably, the support unit includes a side beam support 21, a first middle beam support 23, a second middle beam support 24, a front beam diagonal brace 25, and a rear beam diagonal brace 26. The top surfaces of the front beam diagonal brace 25 and the rear beam diagonal brace 26 form an angle with the top surface of the mounting base 1, and are freely placed on the mounting base 1. The positioning unit includes a side beam side support 31, a side beam end support 32, a first middle beam support 33, a second middle beam support 34, a front beam support 35, and a rear beam support 36. The front beam support 35 includes a closed front beam support 35a and an open front beam support 35 that abuts against the flange plate b51. b. At least three positioning posts 81 are provided on the open front beam backing 35b. The side pressure unit includes side beam side pressure 41, side beam end face pressure 42, first middle beam side pressure 43, second middle beam side pressure 44, front beam side pressure 45 and rear beam side pressure 46. The front beam side pressure 45 is used to press the side wall of the closed front beam a5. The top pressure unit includes side beam top pressure 51, first middle beam top pressure 53, second middle beam top pressure 54, front beam top pressure 55 and rear beam top pressure 56. The alignment unit includes side beam alignment seat 61, first middle beam alignment seat 63 and second middle beam alignment seat 64.

[0084] Preferred, such as Figure 12 As shown, the open front beam support 35b is a surface contact support 9, which includes a support base 91, a sliding sleeve 92, a sliding shaft 93, and a tapered pin 94. At least three of the sliding sleeves 92 are horizontally fixed on the support base 91. The sliding shaft 93 is slidably installed inside the sliding sleeve 92 and has at least one radial tapered hole 931. The sliding sleeve 92 has a locking hole that matches the tapered hole 931. The tapered pin 94 passes through the locking hole and is inserted into one of the tapered holes 931. By setting a surface contact support, the positioning contact surface is larger and the positioning is more stable. At the same time, the tapered pin structure connection facilitates quick installation and disassembly, and the large clearance space facilitates demolding.

[0085] Preferably, the top pressing units are all rotary fast-pressing assemblies. Using rotary fast-pressing assemblies facilitates rapid pressing and has a relatively large adjustment range, providing greater demolding clearance space.

[0086] All side pressure units are flip-type fast-pressing components.

[0087] Preferred, such as Figure 9 , Figure 13As shown, it also includes an open front beam intermediate seat 65b, which includes an intermediate seat body 65b2 and several vertically arranged reference blocks 65b1. The left side surfaces of the reference blocks 65b1 are located in the same plane. By setting up the open front beam intermediate seat, after debugging the first product, the installation position of the open front beam intermediate seat is determined and fixed, serving as the positioning reference for the flange surface of subsequent open front beams.

[0088] The first central beam backrest 33 includes two sets, namely the closed first central beam backrest 33a and the open first central beam backrest 33b.

[0089] The second central beam backrest 34 includes two sets: a closed second central beam backrest 34a and an open second central beam backrest 34b. The open second central beam backrest 34b is a surface contact backrest 9.

[0090] The second center beam alignment seat 64 includes two sets: a closed second center beam alignment seat 64a and an open second center beam alignment seat 64b. The two sets of alignment seats have different heights, which makes the straightedge 60 closer to the scribing reference, making positioning and adjustment more convenient and accurate.

[0091] Multiple 60-degree straightedges are set according to the spacing of the alignment seat and the scribing seat.

[0092] Preferably, the scribing reference is the scribing lines measured and engraved on the upper surfaces of the left beam, right beam, first middle beam, and second middle beam before assembly, each including two center lines along its horizontal and vertical directions.

[0093] Preferably, the support unit is a welded strip with its bottom and top surfaces parallel, and its length is set according to the width of each component.

[0094] When assembling the closed frame, remove the open front beam support 35b and the open front beam intermediate seat 65b, and install the closed front beam support 35a.

[0095] The bottom of the closed first middle beam a3 abuts against two first middle beam supports 23, and its sidewall abuts against two closed first middle beam backrests 33a. The side of the ruler 60 on the first middle beam alignment seat 63 is aligned with the closed frame scribing reference a7 on the closed first middle beam a3 in the vertical projection direction. The other side is pressed by a first middle beam side pressure 43, and its top is pressed by two first middle beam top pressure 53.

[0096] The bottom of the closed second middle beam a4 abuts against two second middle beam supports 24, and its sidewall abuts against two closed second middle beam backrests 34a. The side of the ruler 60 on the closed second middle beam alignment seat 64a is aligned with the closed frame scribing reference a7 on the closed second middle beam a4 in the vertical projection direction. The other side is pressed by a second middle beam side pressure 44, and its top is pressed by two second middle beam top pressure 54.

[0097] The bottoms of the closed left beam a1 and the closed right beam a2 respectively abut against two side beam supports 21, and their outer side walls abut against two side beam side abutments 31 respectively. The ruler 60 on the side beam alignment seat 61 spans the closed left beam a1 and the closed right beam a2, and its side is aligned with the corresponding closed frame marking reference a7 on the closed left beam a1 and the closed right beam a2 in the vertical projection direction. The other side wall is pressed by two side beam side pressure 41 respectively, one end of which abuts against a side beam end face abutment 32, and the other end is pressed by a side beam end face pressure 42 respectively. Its top is pressed by two side beam top pressure 51 respectively.

[0098] The bottom of the closed front beam a5 abuts against two front beam diagonal braces 25, its sidewall abuts against two closed front beam backrests 35a, its other side is pressed by a front beam side pressure 45, and its top is pressed by two front beam top pressure 55. After welding, lines are drawn on the closed front beam a5 along the vertical projection direction of the side of the ruler 60 on the marking seat 65a of the closed front beam;

[0099] The bottom of the closed rear end beam a6 abuts against two rear end beam diagonal braces 26, its sidewall abuts against two rear end beam backrests 36, its other side is pressed by a rear end beam side pressure 46, and its top is pressed by two rear end beam top pressure 56. After welding, lines are drawn on the closed rear end beam a6 along the vertical projection direction of the side of the ruler 60 on the rear end beam marking seat 66.

[0100] When assembling the open frame, remove the closed front beam support 35a and install the open front beam support 35b and the open front beam intermediate seat 65b.

[0101] The bottom of the open first middle beam b3 abuts against two first middle beam supports 23, and its sidewall abuts against two open first middle beam backrests 33b. The side of the ruler 60 on the first middle beam alignment seat 63 is aligned with the open frame scribing reference b7 on the open first middle beam b3 in the vertical projection direction. The other side is pressed by a first middle beam side pressure 43, and its top is pressed by two first middle beam top pressure 53.

[0102] The bottom of the open second middle beam b4 abuts against two second middle beam supports 24, and its sidewall abuts against two open second middle beam backrests 34b. The side of the ruler 60 on the open second middle beam alignment seat 64b is aligned with the open frame scribing reference b7 on the open second middle beam b4 in the vertical projection direction. The other side is pressed by a second middle beam side pressure 44, and its top is pressed by two second middle beam top pressure 54.

[0103] The bottoms of the open left beam b1 and the open right beam b2 respectively abut against two side beam supports 21, and their outer side walls abut against two side beam side abutments 31 respectively. The ruler 60 on the side beam alignment seat 61 spans the open left beam b1 and the open right beam b2, and its side is aligned with the corresponding open frame scribing reference b7 on the open left beam b1 and the open right beam b2 in the vertical projection direction. The other side wall is pressed by two side beam side pressure 41 respectively, one end of which abuts against a side beam end face abutment 32, and the other end is pressed by a side beam end face pressure 42. Its top is pressed by two side beam top pressure 51 respectively.

[0104] The bottom of each of the two parts of the open front beam b5 abuts against a front beam diagonal brace 25, and the side walls of its flange plate b51 abut against an open front beam backrest 35b. The tops of each part are pressed together by a front beam top pressure 55. After the first product of each batch of open frames is successfully commissioned, the open front beam intermediate seat 65b is installed, ensuring that the side of its reference block 65b1 is positioned at the midpoint of the side walls of the two flange plates b51. The side of the reference block 65b1 can then be used as the installation reference for the open front beam b5.

[0105] The bottom of the open rear end beam b6 abuts against two rear end beam diagonal braces 26, its sidewalls abut against two rear end beam backrests 36, its other side is pressed by a rear end beam side pressure 46, and its top is pressed by two rear end beam top pressure 56. After welding, lines are drawn on the open rear end beam b6 along the vertical projection direction of the side of the ruler 60 on the rear end beam marking seat 66.

[0106] Each 60mm ruler can be removed after use.

[0107] After each component is assembled, partial positioning welding can be performed first, and then the assembly jig can be adjusted to the appropriate position for full welding.

[0108] The aforementioned support unit, positioning unit, side pressing unit, and top pressing unit are all common welding fixture accessories. The positioning unit provides horizontal positioning and is positioned by abutting the positioning posts 81 against the side walls of each component. The positioning posts 81 are bolts installed horizontally for easy adjustment of the positioning surface position. Multiple positioning posts 81 at different heights can be set. The top pressing unit has a cantilever that can rotate around a vertical axis. The cantilever can be locked and fixed on the axis. A vertically installed bolt is installed at the lower end of the cantilever, serving as a top pressing post 83, which allows for quick adjustment and downward pressing of the welded parts. The side pressing unit has a flip-up rocker arm with bolts installed on it, serving as a side pressing post 82, and the rocker arm is fixed by a locking pin.

[0109] The above description is illustrative only and not restrictive of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that many modifications, variations or equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims, and all such modifications, variations or equivalents will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assembling and welding a frame, characterized in that, The frame-mounted flexible assembly tire, which is provided with a tire seat (1) for mounting each assembly tire component unit, further includes: Support units are used to provide stable support for the bottom of the various components of the rack; The positioning unit is used to abut against one side wall of each component and provide a horizontal positioning reference for it, and is provided with several threaded positioning posts (81). The side pressure unit is used to press the other side wall of each component to limit the horizontal displacement of each component, and is provided with several threaded side pressure columns (82). The top pressure unit is used to press the top of each component and restrict the vertical displacement of each component, and is provided with several threaded top pressure columns (83). The alignment unit is used to align the installation position of the components with the scribing reference on the upper surfaces of the left beam, right beam, first middle beam and second middle beam, and includes several alignment seats. The alignment seat is provided with two seats and a ruler (60) distributed on both sides of each component. The top surface of each seat is provided with a backrest. The ruler (60) is placed on the top surface of the two opposite seats, spanning over each component, and one side of it abuts against the backrest on the two seats. The specific welding method is as follows: S1. Assemble the first and second middle beams in any order. Hoist the first or second middle beam onto the corresponding support unit so that its side abuts against the positioning column (81) of the positioning unit to achieve positioning in the front and rear directions. Then install the straightedge (60) and adjust the left and right positions of the positioning column (81) and the first or second middle beam so that the longitudinal scribing reference on the first or second middle beam is aligned with the side of the straightedge (60) in the vertical projection direction. Then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit. S2, assemble two side beams in any order, hoist the two side beams onto the corresponding support units so that their sides abut against the positioning column (81) of the positioning unit. First, adjust the position of the positioning column (81) on the side, adjust the gap at the weld (c) between the first and second middle beams and the side beams to achieve the positioning of the side beams in the left and right directions, then install the straightedge (60), then adjust the position of the positioning column (81) on the end face, adjust the longitudinal scribing reference of the side beams to align with the side edge of the straightedge (60) in the vertical projection direction, and then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit. S3, assemble the rear beam, hoist the rear beam to the corresponding support unit, so that its side abuts against the positioning column (81) of the positioning unit to achieve positioning in the front and rear directions, then adjust its left and right position, adjust the gap between it and the weld (c) between the two side beams, and then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit. S4. Check the gap between each welding process liner and each component of the frame. It should not exceed 2mm. S5, the butt joint bevel of each component's lower cover plate is welded with tack welds at both ends. Each tack weld is not less than 50mm long and is more than 10mm away from the end of the weld (c). The thickness of the tack weld is at least 5mm. S6, assemble the front beam, hoist the front beam onto the corresponding support unit, so that its side abuts against the positioning column (81) of the positioning unit, adjust the gap between it and the weld (c) between the two side beams, and then lock the corresponding side pressure unit and top pressure unit. S7, Weld the tack weld between the front beam and the two side beams. The welding requirements for the tack weld are the same as those for S5. S8, sequentially complete the final welding of all weld seams (c) between the various components of the frame.

2. The frame assembly and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, for the closed front beam (a5), its side abuts against the positioning column (81) of the positioning unit to achieve the positioning of the closed front beam (a5) in the front-back direction, and then its left and right positions are adjusted to adjust the gap between it and the weld (c) between the two side beams.

3. The frame assembly and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, for the open front beam (b5), the outer surface of its flange plate (b51) abuts against the positioning column (81) of the positioning unit to achieve positioning of the open front beam (b5) in the left and right directions, and then its front and rear positions are adjusted to adjust the gap between it and the weld (c) between the two side beams.

4. The frame assembly and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3 and S6, the support unit is a front beam brace (25) and a rear beam brace (26) freely placed on the tire seat (1). The top surfaces of the front beam brace (25) and the rear beam brace (26) are at an angle to the top surface of the tire seat (1). The relative positions of the front beam brace (25) and the front beam, and the rear beam brace (26) and the rear beam are adjusted so that the lower cover plates of the front beam and the rear beam are flush with the lower cover plates of the two side beams.

5. The frame assembly and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S8 includes the following sub-steps: S81, adjust the mounting base (1) until the frame is placed vertically, weld the welds (c) between each vertical plate, and weld the welds (c) at the joints of the rear beam, the first middle beam, the second middle beam, the front beam and the side beam vertical plates in sequence. S82, adjust the mounting base (1) until the frame is placed horizontally and the two side beams are in the vertical direction, and weld the weld (c) at the joint between the side beam upright plate and the front beam upright plate. S83, adjust the mounting base (1) until the frame is horizontal and flat, and weld the weld (c) at the joint of the upper cover plate of the front beam and the side beams. S84, weld at the joint of the upper cover plate of the welded rear beam, the second middle beam and the two side beams (c). S85, weld at the joint of the upper cover plate of the first middle beam and the two side beams (c); S86, weld seam (c) at the joint of the lower cover plate of the front beam, first middle beam, second middle beam, rear beam and the two side beams.

6. The frame assembly and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support unit includes a side beam support (21), a first middle beam support (23), a second middle beam support (24), a front beam diagonal brace (25), and a rear beam diagonal brace (26). The top surfaces of the front beam diagonal brace (25) and the rear beam diagonal brace (26) have an angle with the top surface of the base (1) and are freely placed on the base (1). The positioning unit includes a side beam side support (31), a side beam end support (32), a first middle beam support (33), a second middle beam support (34), a front beam support (35), and a rear beam support (36). The front beam support (35) includes a closed front beam support (35a) and an open front beam support (35b) that abuts the flange plate b51. The open front beam backrest (35b) is provided with at least three positioning posts (81). The side pressure unit includes side beam side pressure (41), side beam end face pressure (42), first middle beam side pressure (43), second middle beam side pressure (44), front beam side pressure (45) and rear beam side pressure (46). The front beam side pressure (45) is used to press the side wall of the closed front beam (a5). The top pressure unit includes side beam top pressure (51), first middle beam top pressure (53), second middle beam top pressure (54), front beam top pressure (55) and rear beam top pressure (56). The alignment unit includes side beam alignment seat (61), first middle beam alignment seat (63) and second middle beam alignment seat (64).

7. The frame assembly and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scribing references are the scribing lines measured and engraved on the upper surfaces of the left beam, right beam, first middle beam, and second middle beam before assembly, each including two center lines along its horizontal and vertical directions.

8. The frame assembly and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support unit is a welded strip with its bottom and top surfaces parallel, and its length is set according to the width of each component.

Images