Dust removal device and method for tunneling working face with dust removal fan linked to dust reduction water curtain

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of dust removal on coal seam excavation working faces, and specifically relates to a dust removal device and method for excavation working faces that is linked to a dust removal fan and a dust reduction water curtain. The excavation working face dust removal device that is linked to a dust removal fan and a dust reduction water curtain comprises a dust removal fan unit, a dust reduction water curtain unit, and a central control system; the dust removal fan unit is mainly used to reduce dust on the excavation working face on the mine; the dust reduction water curtain unit is mainly used to deploy a full-section dust reduction water curtain on the excavation working face on the mine to reduce escaping dust, and cooperate with the dust removal fan to reduce the dust concentration under the mine; the central control system is used to control the operation of the dust removal fan unit and the dust reduction water curtain unit; the dust reduction water curtain unit is located directly in front of the dust removal fan unit, and the dust reduction water curtain unit is connected to the dust removal fan unit through a dust reduction connecting pipe interface. The present invention effectively combines the dust removal fan and the dust reduction water curtain together, and the fine dust that escapes and diffuses when the dust removal fan is working is effectively removed by the dust reduction water curtain, thereby achieving efficient and convenient dust removal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of dust removal on coal seam heading working faces, and in particular relates to a water curtain type dust removal device and method for a heading working face in which a dust removal fan is linked to reduce dust. Background Art

[0002] High dust concentrations at tunneling face production sites not only reduce worker productivity but can also lead to long-term, incurable pneumoconiosis and death, and even cause dust explosions, resulting in significant casualties and economic losses. Currently, China's mines are moving towards intelligent mines, but current equipment lacks interoperability between dust removal fans and dust suppression water curtains. Even after dust removal by the dust removal fans, a significant amount of dust still escapes. Therefore, installing a dust suppression water curtain behind the dust removal fans is necessary. However, as tunneling faces continue to advance, the forward movement of the dust suppression water curtain remains a serious challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a dust removal device with a dust removal fan linked to a dust reduction water curtain on the excavation working face. By designing an intelligent dust removal fan linked to a dust reduction water curtain on the excavation working face, the dust removal fan and the dust reduction water curtain are effectively combined. Dust sensors and air volume sensors are used to control the dust removal air duct and the dust reduction water curtain in a linked manner to ensure efficient dust removal and provide a healthy and safe working environment.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

[0005] The excavation working face dust removal fan is linked to the dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device, including the dust removal fan unit, the dust reduction water curtain unit and the central control system;

[0006] The dust removal fan unit is mainly used to reduce dust on the excavation working face of the mine;

[0007] The dust suppression water curtain is mainly used to deploy a full-section dust suppression water curtain on the excavation working face of the mine to reduce the escaping dust, and cooperate with the dust removal fan to reduce the dust concentration under the mine;

[0008] The central control system is used to control the operation of the dust removal fan unit and the dust reduction water curtain unit;

[0009] The dust-reducing water curtain portion is located directly in front of the dust-removing fan portion, and the dust-reducing water curtain portion is connected to the dust-removing fan portion through a dust-reducing connecting pipe interface.

[0010] Preferably, the dust reduction connecting pipe interface is located at the center of the dust removal box, 450 mm to the left of the center, and 450 mm to the right of the center; the inner diameter of the dust reduction connecting pipe interface is φ25 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the dust removal fan unit includes a fan, a suction duct, a dust removal box, an exhaust duct and a fan chassis. The suction duct is arranged at the front end, the exhaust duct is connected between the dust removal box and the fan chassis, the fan chassis is located in front of the exhaust duct, and the dust removal box is arranged behind the exhaust duct; the suction duct is provided with five suction ports, three on the front and two on the side, and the suction duct is located one meter away from the suction port; to ensure that dust can be efficiently passed through the exhaust duct into the dust removal box, an internal spray is provided inside the dust removal box, and the internal spray is connected to the water inlet using a stainless steel water pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, a gas sensor and an air volume sensor are provided on the left side of the suction duct, and a dust sensor is provided on the right side of the suction duct; the gas sensor, air volume sensor and dust sensor are all located in the middle of the duct, and the gas sensor and the air volume sensor are 20 cm apart, with the gas sensor in front and the air volume sensor in the back.

[0013] Preferably, the water outlet of the inner spray is provided with five 1mm diameter nozzles, three of which are located at the top of the dust removal box and two are located at the side of the dust removal box.

[0014] Furthermore, a filter plate is provided behind the dust removal box, and a sewage outlet is provided at the rear end of the dust removal box, and sewage is discharged through a sewage valve after dust settling.

[0015] Furthermore, the dust reduction water curtain mechanism is composed of a dust reduction water curtain rod, a connecting valve, a controllable angle connecting rod, a dust reduction water curtain rod nozzle, a water injection hose, and a dust reduction water curtain water inlet. The controllable angle connecting rod is connected to the dust reduction water curtain rod through a connecting valve; the dust reduction water curtain rod water inlet is arranged on one side of the dust reduction water curtain rod, and the water injection hose is connected between the water inlet pipe and the dust reduction water curtain water inlet; the controllable angle connecting rod can adjust the direction and angle of the dust reduction water curtain rod.

[0016] Preferably, the controllable angle connecting rod is provided with a mounting ring at its connection. An annular protrusion is arranged on its inner ring, engaging with a groove at the connection point of the dust-reducing water curtain rod. A connecting portion is provided on the outer side of the mounting ring, connecting to the connecting rod. The connecting rod contains an electronic control device for controlling the rotation angle of the mounting ring. When the water curtain control unit outputs a signal, the electronic control device rotates the mounting ring. The engagement of the device drives the dust-reducing water curtain rod to rotate, thereby controlling its direction and angle.

[0017] Furthermore, the central control system includes a central control system outer box, an explosion-proof control panel, a dust sensor control unit, an infrared sensor control unit, a central control system chassis, a solenoid valve control unit and a frequency converter;

[0018] The explosion-proof control panel is located on the front of the central control system outer box. The outer packaging side walls of the central control system outer box are all explosion-proof steel plates. The central control system outer box and the dust removal fan part are connected by double-layer explosion-proof steel plates, and the double-layer explosion-proof steel plates are internally routed.

[0019] The dust sensor control unit monitors dust signals through a dust sensor provided inside the suction cylinder;

[0020] The infrared sensor control unit detects the information of passing people through the infrared sensor provided on the outer box of the central control system;

[0021] The solenoid valve control unit is used to control the dust sensor provided in the air suction cylinder.

[0022] Furthermore, the central control system chassis is provided with interfaces such as optical fiber interface, network interface and 485 communication interface; the central control system chassis is provided with:

[0023] Air volume sensor control unit: monitors the speed of the dust removal fan through the air volume sensor;

[0024] Suction system control unit: used to control the start and stop of the dust removal fan;

[0025] Internal spray system control unit: used to control the internal spray nozzle;

[0026] Water injection system control unit: controls the dust suppression water curtain and the internal spray water inlet switch through the dust sensor;

[0027] Water curtain control unit: used to open or close the nozzle of the dust suppression water curtain rod; control the direction and angle of the dust suppression water curtain rod.

[0028] Signal upload and data storage system: The signal is converted by the frequency converter and connected to the central control processor to store and upload the working status data of the dust sensor, air volume sensor, air duct and dust suppression water curtain; at the same time, the central control controls the water injection system control unit to inject water into the water inlet pipe to degrade the dust from the exhaust duct.

[0029] Furthermore, the explosion-proof control panel is located on the upper left side of the outer box body. The explosion-proof control panel includes buttons and an explosion-proof LCD display. There are six buttons, divided into two rows, and the buttons are located under the explosion-proof LCD display; from left to right, from top to bottom, the first button is "calibration", the second button is "start", the third button is "OK", the fourth button is "page up", the fifth button is "page down", and the sixth button is "Save".

[0030] The present invention also discloses an implementation method of a water curtain type dust removal device with a dust removal fan linked to a tunneling working face:

[0031] S1. Self-calibration: Before turning on the central control system, first use the calibration button to calibrate the accuracy of each sensor to ensure that the readings of each sensor are accurate;

[0032] S2. Air duct on: Press the start button to start the air duct switch, and the exhaust volume is adjusted according to the readings of the dust sensor and air volume sensor;

[0033] S3, spray system turned on: the spray system automatically turns on after the suction blower is turned on;

[0034] S4. Dust suppression water curtain opening: The dust suppression water curtain is opened in real time according to the dust concentration and the situation of the workers passing by. The number of dust suppression water curtain nozzles opened can be adjusted according to the air volume of the air duct;

[0035] S5. Gas monitoring: The gas sensor transmits the detected gas components to the central control system, and the central control system feeds back the toxic and harmful gas indicators. When the toxic and harmful gas concentration reaches the upper limit, the tunnel boring machine will automatically stop cutting;

[0036] S6. Data collection and analysis: According to the program design, the dust sensor, air volume sensor, and the working status data of the air duct and dust suppression water curtain are transmitted to the data storage and upload system every hour. The stored information is transmitted to the ground control platform via the remote terminal, and the reasons are analyzed according to the changes in parameters;

[0037] Among them, in step S2, the air suction volume of the suction duct is calculated according to the following expression:

[0038] When C<200: Q 吸 =1.2Q1

[0039] When 200<C<500: Q 吸 =1.4Q1

[0040] When C>500: Q 吸 =1.6Q1

[0041] Where:

[0042] C is the dust concentration of the dust concentration sensor, mg / m 3 ;

[0043] Q 吸 is the air suction volume of the air duct, m 3 / min;

[0044] Q1 is the air volume of the air volume sensor, m 3 / min;

[0045] Among them, in step S4, the expression for controlling the number of dust suppression water curtain nozzles by the air suction volume of the air duct is as follows:

[0046] When Q吸 =1.2Q1, A=6

[0047] When Q 吸 =1.4Q1, A=8

[0048] When Q 吸 =1.6Q1, A=10

[0049] Where A is the number of nozzles opened.

[0050] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are:

[0051] (1) The present invention effectively combines the dust removal fan and the dust reduction water curtain together, and effectively removes the fine dust that escapes and diffuses when the dust removal fan is working through the dust reduction water curtain, thereby achieving efficient and convenient dust removal;

[0052] (2) The present invention controls the air volume of the dust removal fan duct by installing an air volume sensor and a dust sensor, and effectively adjusts the spray volume of the dust reduction water curtain, thereby achieving accurate and effective dust removal;

[0053] (3) The present invention uses intelligent linkage sensors with dust removal fans and dust reduction water curtains, which greatly saves workers' workload;

[0054] (4) The present invention adopts an explosion-proof shell plate, which can effectively remove dust while ensuring the safety of the equipment itself, and can be applied to various types of mines;

[0055] (5) The dust-reducing water curtain designed by the present invention is installed on the top of the dust removal box and can continuously move forward as the dust removal fan moves forward, which greatly saves the workload of continuously moving the dust-reducing water curtain forward in actual applications. By adjusting the angle of the controllable angle connecting rod, the application purpose can be achieved in a time-saving, convenient and fast manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the external structure of the central control box of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure inside the central control box of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the external structure of the dust removal box in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure inside the dust removal box of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the dust suppression water curtain rod structure in the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 It is a connection diagram of the central control system of the present invention.

[0063] In the figure: suction port 1, suction duct 2, water inlet pipe 3, internal spray 4, dust suppression water curtain rod 5, dust suppression connecting rod 6, explosion-proof LCD screen 7, central control system outer box 8, dust removal box 9, drain valve 10, filter plate 11, exhaust duct 12, fan chassis 13, central control system outer box connection port 14, dust sensor control unit 15, infrared sensor 16, solenoid valve control unit 17, central control system chassis 18, duct connection port 19, filter plate embedded box 20, nozzle connecting valve 21, controllable angle connecting rod 22, dust suppression water curtain rod nozzle 23, air volume sensor control unit 24, exhaust system control unit 25, internal spray system control unit 26, water injection system control unit 27, water curtain control system unit 28, signal upload and data storage system 29, central control system 30, gas sensor 31, water injection hose 32, dust suppression water curtain water inlet 33, inverter 34, air volume sensor 35, dust sensor 36. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the invention more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0065] The excavation working face dust removal fan is linked to the dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device, including the dust removal fan part I, the dust reduction water curtain part II and the central control system III;

[0066] The dust removal fan part I is mainly used to reduce dust on the excavation working face of the mine;

[0067] The dust suppression water curtain part II is mainly used to deploy a full-section dust suppression water curtain on the excavation working face of the mine to reduce the escaping dust, and cooperate with the dust removal fan to reduce the dust concentration under the mine;

[0068] The central control system III is used to control the operation of the dust removal fan unit I and the dust suppression water curtain unit II;

[0069] The dust reduction water curtain part II is located directly in front of the dust removal fan part I, and the dust reduction water curtain part II is connected to the dust removal fan part I through the dust reduction connecting pipe interface 6; the dust reduction connecting pipe interface 6 is located in the center of the dust removal box 9, 450 mm to the left of the center, and 450 mm to the right of the center; the inner diameter of the dust reduction connecting pipe interface is φ25 mm.

[0070] The dust removal fan part I includes a fan, an air suction duct 2, a dust removal box 9, an exhaust duct 12 and a fan chassis 13. The air suction duct 2 is arranged at the front end, the exhaust duct 12 is connected between the dust removal box 9 and the fan chassis 13, the fan chassis 13 is located in front of the exhaust duct 12, and the dust removal box 9 is located behind the exhaust duct 12; the outside of the air suction duct 2 is 1m away from the air suction port, and a gas sensor 31 and an air volume sensor 35 are provided on the left side, and a dust sensor 36 is provided on the right side of the air suction duct 2; the gas sensor 31, the air volume sensor 35 and the dust sensor 36 are all located in the middle of the duct, the gas sensor 31 and the air volume sensor 35 are 20cm apart, and the gas sensor 31 is in the front. , the air volume sensor 35 is at the back; the suction duct 2 is provided with five suction ports 1, three on the front and two on the side, to ensure that the dust can be efficiently passed through the exhaust duct 12 into the dust removal box 9, and an internal spray 4 is provided inside the dust removal box 9. The internal spray 4 is connected to the water inlet pipe 3 using a stainless steel water pipe, and the central control system 30 controls the water injection system control unit 27 to inject water into the water inlet pipe 3 to degrade the dust from the exhaust duct 12; the water outlet of the internal spray 4 is provided with 5 five 1mm caliber nozzles, three of which are located at the top of the dust removal box 9 and two are located on the side of the dust removal box 9; a filter plate 11 is provided at the back of the dust removal box 9, and a sewage outlet 10 is provided at the rear end of the dust removal box 9. After dust settling, the sewage is discharged by the sewage valve 10.

[0071] The dust reduction water curtain mechanism II is composed of a dust reduction water curtain rod 5, a connecting valve 21, a controllable angle connecting rod 22, a dust reduction water curtain rod nozzle 23, a water injection hose 32, and a dust reduction water curtain water inlet 33. The controllable angle connecting rod 22 is connected to the dust reduction water curtain rod 5 through the connecting valve 21; the dust reduction water curtain rod water inlet 32 ​​is arranged on one side of the dust reduction water curtain rod 5, and the water injection hose is connected between the water inlet pipe 3 and the dust reduction water curtain water inlet 33; the controllable angle connecting rod 22 can adjust the direction and angle of the dust reduction water curtain rod 5; a mounting ring is provided at the connection of the controllable angle connecting rod 22, and a ring-shaped protrusion is arranged on the inner ring of the mounting ring, which engages with the groove at the connection of the dust reduction water curtain rod 5, and a connecting part is provided on the outside of the mounting ring to be connected to the connecting rod, and the connecting rod contains an electric control device inside for controlling the rotation angle of the mounting ring. When the water curtain control unit 28 outputs a signal, the electronic control device causes the mounting ring to rotate, and the engagement of the device drives the dust suppression water curtain rod to rotate, thereby controlling the direction and angle of the dust suppression water curtain rod.

[0072] The central control system III includes a central control system outer box 8, an explosion-proof control panel 7, a dust sensor control unit 15, an infrared sensor control unit 16, a central control system chassis 18, a solenoid valve control unit 17 and a frequency converter 34; the explosion-proof control panel 7 is located on the front of the central control system outer box 8, and the outer packaging side walls of the central control system outer box 8 are all explosion-proof steel plates. The central control system outer box 8 and the dust removal fan part are connected with a double-layer explosion-proof steel plate, and the wiring is routed inside the double-layer explosion-proof steel plate; the dust sensor control unit 15 monitors the dust signal through the dust sensor provided on the outside of the suction duct 2; the infrared sensor control unit 16 detects the information of passing personnel through the infrared sensor provided on the outside of the central control system outer box 8; the solenoid valve control unit 17 is used to control the dust sensor provided in the suction duct 2.

[0073] The central control system chassis 18 is provided with interfaces such as optical fiber interface, network interface and 485 communication interface; the central control system chassis 18 is provided with:

[0074] Air volume sensor control unit 24: monitors the speed of the fan of dust removal fan part I through the air volume sensor 35;

[0075] Suction system control unit 25: used to control the start and stop of the dust removal fan part I;

[0076] Internal spray system control unit 26: used to control the nozzle of the internal spray 4;

[0077] Water injection system control unit 27: controls the dust suppression water curtain part II and the water inlet switch of the inner spray 4 through the dust sensor 36;

[0078] Water curtain control unit 28: used to open or close the dust reduction water curtain rod nozzle 23; control the direction and angle of the dust reduction water curtain rod.

[0079] Signal upload and data storage system 29: The signal is converted through the frequency converter 34 and connected to the central control processor 30 to store and upload the working status data of the dust sensor 37, air volume sensor 35, and the air duct and dust suppression water curtain; at the same time, the central control 30 controls the water injection system control unit 27 to inject water into the water inlet pipe 3 to degrade the dust from the exhaust duct 12.

[0080] The explosion-proof control panel 7 is located at the upper left corner of the outer box. The explosion-proof control panel 7 includes buttons and an explosion-proof liquid crystal display. There are six buttons, divided into two rows, and the buttons are located under the explosion-proof liquid crystal display; from left to right, from top to bottom, the first button is "calibration", the second button is "start", the third button is "OK", the fourth button is "page up", the fifth button is "page down", and the sixth button is "save".

[0081] The present invention also discloses an implementation method of a water curtain type dust removal device with a dust removal fan linked to a tunneling working face:

[0082] S1. Self-calibration: Before turning on the central control system, first use the calibration button to calibrate the accuracy of each sensor to ensure that the readings of each sensor are accurate;

[0083] S2. Air duct on: Press the start button to start the air duct switch, and the exhaust volume is adjusted according to the readings of the dust sensor and air volume sensor;

[0084] S3, spray system turned on: the spray system automatically turns on after the suction blower is turned on;

[0085] S4. Dust suppression water curtain opening: The dust suppression water curtain is opened in real time according to the dust concentration and the situation of the workers passing by. The number of dust suppression water curtain nozzles opened can be adjusted according to the air volume of the air duct;

[0086] S5. Gas monitoring: The gas sensor transmits the detected gas components to the central control system, and the central control system feeds back the toxic and harmful gas indicators. When the toxic and harmful gas concentration reaches the upper limit, the tunnel boring machine will automatically stop cutting;

[0087] S6. Data collection and analysis: According to the program design, the dust sensor, air volume sensor, and the working status data of the air duct and dust suppression water curtain are transmitted to the data storage and upload system every hour. The stored information is transmitted to the ground control platform via the remote terminal, and the reasons are analyzed according to the changes in parameters;

[0088] Among them, in step S2, the air suction volume of the suction duct is calculated according to the following expression:

[0089] When C<200: Q 吸 =1.2Q1

[0090] When 200<C<500: Q 吸 =1.4Q1

[0091] When C>500: Q 吸 =1.6Q1

[0092] Where:

[0093] C is the dust concentration of the dust concentration sensor, mg / m 3 ;

[0094] Q 吸 is the air suction volume of the air duct, m 3 / min;

[0095] Q1 is the air volume of the air volume sensor, m 3 / min;

[0096] Among them, in step S4, the expression for controlling the number of dust suppression water curtain nozzles by the air suction volume of the air duct is as follows:

[0097] When Q 吸 =1.2Q1, A=6

[0098] When Q 吸 =1.4Q1, A=8

[0099] When Q 吸 =1.6Q1, A=10

[0100] Where A is the number of nozzles opened.

[0101] The above description is a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included in the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. The excavation working face dust removal fan is linked to the dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device, which is characterized by: Including dust removal fan unit, dust suppression water curtain unit and central control system; The dust removal fan unit is used to reduce dust on the excavation working face of the mine; The dust suppression water curtain is used to deploy a full-section dust suppression water curtain on the excavation working face of the mine to reduce the escaping dust, and cooperate with the dust removal fan to reduce the dust concentration under the mine; The central control system is used to control the operation of the dust removal fan unit and the dust reduction water curtain unit; The dust-reducing water curtain is located in front of the dust-removing fan unit, and the dust-reducing water curtain is connected to the dust-removing fan unit through a dust-reducing connecting pipe interface; The dust collection fan unit includes a fan, a suction duct, a dust collection box, an exhaust duct and a fan chassis. The suction duct is arranged at the front end, the exhaust duct is connected between the dust collection box and the fan chassis, the fan chassis is located in front of the exhaust duct, and the dust collection box is arranged behind the exhaust duct; the suction duct is provided with five air suction ports, three on the front and two on the side, and the suction duct is located one meter away from the air suction port; to ensure that dust is efficiently passed through the exhaust duct into the dust collection box, an internal spray is provided inside the dust collection box, and the internal spray is connected to the water inlet pipe using a stainless steel water pipe; a gas sensor and an air volume sensor are provided on the left side of the suction duct, and a dust sensor is provided on the right side of the suction duct; the gas sensor, air volume sensor and dust sensor are all located in the middle of the suction duct, and the gas sensor is 20 cm away from the air volume sensor, the gas sensor is in front, and the air volume sensor is behind; the water outlet of the internal spray is provided with five 1mm caliber nozzles, three of which are located at the top of the dust collection box and two are located on the side of the dust collection box; The dust suppression water curtain part is composed of a dust suppression water curtain rod, a connecting valve, a controllable angle connecting rod, a dust suppression water curtain rod nozzle, a water injection hose, and a dust suppression water curtain water inlet. The controllable angle connecting rod is connected to the dust suppression water curtain rod through a connecting valve; the dust suppression water curtain rod water inlet is arranged on one side of the dust suppression water curtain rod, and the water injection hose is connected between the water inlet and the dust suppression water curtain water inlet; the controllable angle connecting rod can adjust the direction and angle of the dust suppression water curtain rod; The controllable angle connecting rod connection is provided with a mounting ring, and an annular protrusion is arranged on the inner ring of the mounting ring, which engages with the groove at the connection of the dust reduction water curtain rod. A connecting part is provided on the outer side of the mounting ring and connected to the connecting rod. The connecting rod contains an electric control device inside for controlling the rotation angle of the mounting ring. When the water curtain control unit outputs a signal, the electric control device causes the mounting ring to rotate. Due to the engagement of the device, the dust reduction water curtain rod is driven to rotate, thereby controlling the direction and angle of the dust reduction water curtain rod.

2. The excavation working face dust removal fan linked dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dust reduction connecting pipe interface is located at the center of the dust removal box, 450 mm to the left of the center, and 450 mm to the right of the center; the inner diameter of the dust reduction connecting pipe interface is φ25 mm.

3. The excavation working face dust removal fan linked dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A filter plate is provided behind the dust removal box, and a sewage outlet is provided at the rear end of the dust removal box. After dust is settled, sewage is discharged through a sewage valve.

4. The excavation working face dust removal fan linked dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The central control system includes a central control system outer box, an explosion-proof control panel, a dust sensor control unit, an infrared sensor control unit, a central control system chassis, a solenoid valve control unit and a frequency converter; The explosion-proof control panel is located on the front of the central control system outer box. The outer packaging side walls of the central control system outer box are all explosion-proof steel plates. The central control system outer box and the dust removal fan part are connected by double-layer explosion-proof steel plates, and the double-layer explosion-proof steel plates are internally routed. The dust sensor control unit monitors dust signals through a dust sensor provided inside the suction cylinder; The infrared sensor control unit detects the information of passing people through the infrared sensor provided on the outer box of the central control system; The solenoid valve control unit is used to control the dust sensor provided in the air suction cylinder.

5. The excavation working face dust removal fan linked dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The central control system chassis is equipped with an optical fiber interface, a network interface and a 485 communication interface; the central control system chassis is equipped with: Air volume sensor control unit: monitors the fan speed of the dust removal fan unit through the air volume sensor; Suction system control unit: used to control the start and stop of the dust removal fan; Internal spray system control unit: used to control the internal spray nozzle; Water injection system control unit: controls the dust suppression water curtain and the internal spray water inlet switch through the dust sensor; Water curtain control unit: used to open or close the nozzle of the dust-reducing water curtain rod; control the direction and angle of the dust-reducing water curtain rod; Signal upload and data storage system: The signal is converted by the frequency converter and connected to the central control processor to store and upload the working status data of the dust sensor, air volume sensor, air duct and dust suppression water curtain; at the same time, the central control controls the water injection system control unit to inject water into the water inlet pipe to degrade the dust from the exhaust duct.

6. The excavation working face dust removal fan linked dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The explosion-proof control panel is located on the upper left side of the outer box. The explosion-proof control panel includes buttons and an explosion-proof LCD display. There are six buttons, divided into two rows, and the buttons are located under the explosion-proof LCD display; from left to right, from top to bottom, the first button is "calibration", the second button is "start", the third button is "OK", the fourth button is "page up", the fifth button is "page down", and the sixth button is "save".

7. A dust removal method using a dust removal fan linked to a dust reduction water curtain type intelligent dust removal device on the tunneling working face, characterized in that: The excavation working face dust removal fan linked dust reduction water curtain type dust removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises: S1. Self-calibration: Before turning on the central control system, first use the calibration button to calibrate the accuracy of each sensor to ensure that the readings of each sensor are accurate; S2. Air duct on: Press the start button to start the air duct switch, and the air suction volume is adjusted according to the readings of the dust sensor and air volume sensor; S3, spray system turned on: the spray system automatically turns on after the suction blower is turned on; S4. Dust suppression water curtain opening: The dust suppression water curtain is opened in real time according to the dust concentration and the situation of the workers passing by. The number of dust suppression water curtain nozzles opened is adjusted according to the suction volume of the suction duct. S5. Gas monitoring: The gas sensor transmits the detected gas components to the central control system, and the central controller feeds back the toxic and harmful gas indicators. When the toxic and harmful gas concentration reaches the upper limit, the tunnel boring machine will automatically stop cutting; S6. Data collection and analysis: According to the program design, the working status data of the dust sensor, air volume sensor, exhaust fan, suction fan and dust suppression water curtain are transmitted to the data storage and upload system every hour. The stored information is transmitted to the ground control platform via the remote terminal, and the reasons are analyzed according to the changes in parameters; Among them, in step S2, the air suction volume of the suction duct is calculated according to the following expression: When C<200: Q 吸 =1.2Q1 When 200<C<500: Q 吸 =1.4Q1 When C>500: Q 吸 =1.6Q1 Where: C is the dust concentration of the dust concentration sensor, mg / m 3 ; Q 吸 is the air suction volume of the air duct, m 3 / min; Q1 is the air volume of the air volume sensor, m 3 / min; Among them, in step S4, the expression for adjusting the number of dust suppression water curtain nozzles to be opened according to the suction volume of the suction duct is as follows: When Q 吸 =1.2Q1, A=6 When Q 吸 =1.4Q1, A=8 When Q 吸 =1.6Q1, A=10, where A is the number of nozzles opened.

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