Method and system for manufacturing a speed reducer

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a system for manufacturing a speed reducer, wherein the speed reducer has a housing and a shaft (1) with at least one bearing, the housing has a lower part and an upper part that can be placed on the lower part, wherein the housing has a bearing seat for receiving the bearing, and wherein, in a first method step, a bearing is sleeved onto the shaft (1), and the outer ring (3) of the bearing is axially restricted by retaining members (4, 5, 6) on the shaft. Subsequently, the shaft (1) together with the bearing and the retaining members is placed into the lower part. Subsequently, the upper part is placed on the lower part and connected to the lower part, wherein the bearing is received by a first and a second sub-region. Subsequently, an adjusting shim (50) is placed onto the outer ring (3). Subsequently, a screw (51) is screwed into an axially directed threaded hole in the housing, wherein the screw head of the screw (51) radially protrudes on the housing such that the adjusting shim (50) is restricted by the screw head. Subsequently, the retaining members (4, 5, 6) are removed and a bearing cover (60) is connected to the housing, and the bearing cover restricts the adjusting shim (50).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and a system for manufacturing a speed reducer. Background Art

[0002] As is well known, forces acting radially in angular contact bearings cause axial force components.

[0003] As the closest prior art, a fastening measure for a rotary machine is known from US2014 / 0 178 119A1.

[0004] A bearing assembly for a wheel is known from US2006 / 0 002 644A1.

[0005] An assembly device for a rolling bearing is known from DE 10 2013 226 552 B3.

[0006] A speed reducer having a housing is known from DE 10 2013 018 710 A1. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to achieve simple maintenance of the speed reducer as independent as possible from the installation position of the speed reducer in an industrial facility.

[0008] According to the present invention, this object is achieved by a method with the features given below and a system with the features given below.

[0009] In a method for manufacturing a speed reducer, an important feature of the present invention is that the speed reducer has a housing and a shaft with at least one bearing, the housing has a lower part and an upper part that can be placed on the lower part,

[0010] wherein the housing has a bearing seat for receiving the bearing,

[0011] wherein a first sub-region, in particular a first half, of the bearing seat is formed on the lower part, and a second sub-region, in particular the other half, of the bearing seat is formed on the upper part,

[0012] wherein the bearing is designed as a rolling bearing and has an inner ring, rolling elements and an outer ring,

[0013] wherein, in a first method step, the bearing is sleeved onto the shaft, and the outer ring of the bearing is restricted in the axial direction by a retaining member on the shaft,

[0014] In a second method step, the shaft together with the bearing and the retaining member is placed into the lower part such that, in particular, the bearing, in particular the outer ring of the bearing, is received by the first sub-region,

[0015] In a third method step, the upper part is placed on the lower part and connected to the lower part, in particular by means of screws, wherein the bearing is received by the first and second sub-regions.

[0016] In a fourth method step, an adjusting shim is placed onto the outer ring.

[0017] In a fifth method step, screws are screwed into axially directed threaded holes of the housing, in particular of the lower part and the upper part, wherein the screw head of the screw or a flat washer slipped onto the screw projects radially, in particular radially inwards, on the housing such that the adjusting shim is limited by the screw head or the flat washer.

[0018] In a sixth method step, the retaining element is removed and the bearing cover is connected to the housing, the bearing cover axially limiting the adjusting shim and, in particular, thus axially limiting the outer ring.

[0019] The advantage here is that the shaft can be assembled in a horizontal orientation. This is because, although the gravitational force acting as a radial force causes an axial force component that would cause the outer ring to be axially pushed out of the bearing, the axial movement freedom of the outer ring measured relative to the shaft is restricted by means of the retaining element. Here, the retaining element can be designed as an elastic element or as a rigid / hard part. The fastening of the retaining element in the shaft can be achieved in a simple manner by means of a central threaded hole in the end side of the shaft, a screw being screwed into this threaded hole, which screw preferably presses a washer onto the inner ring and a retaining ring supported on the washer onto the outer ring. The retaining ring is preferably designed as a conically shaped perforated washer here.

[0020] Thus, the axial displacement of the outer ring is prevented in a simple manner. Thus, the replacement or installation of the bearing can be simply achieved in any orientation of the shaft in space. Thus, the maintenance of the speed reducer can also be simply carried out independently of the installation position of the speed reducer in the industrial facility. Structurally, only a central threaded hole in the shaft is required to implement the method for fastening the retaining element, which retaining element, however, can be removed after the adjusting shim has been introduced and axially fixed by means of the screw, and the high axial forces occurring during operation can subsequently be absorbed by assembling the bearing cover.

[0021] Particularly advantageously, the invention can be used in industrial speed reducers with a total mass of more than 100 kg.

[0022] The retaining element limits the outer ring in the axial direction. The outer ring can only move against this direction by being pressed onto the inner ring by means of the rolling elements. However, the inner ring abuts against a step of the shaft, so that a limitation is also achieved in this direction.

[0023] In an advantageous design, the retaining element is designed as an elastic element that can be fastened and supported on the shaft, wherein the elastic element is pressed against the outer ring of the bearing, in particular in the axial direction. The advantage here is that an elastic and thus substantially constant force pressing can be achieved.

[0024] In an advantageous design, the retaining element is designed as a washer with a retaining ring that is fastened on the shaft by means of a screw screwed into a threaded hole in the shaft. The advantage here is that the retaining element can be composed of multi-piece, simply manufacturable elements.

[0025] In an advantageous design, the washer has an axially protruding flange that is pressed against the inner ring. The advantage here is that the flange can be produced in a simple manner by shaping, and the washer can be oriented by abutting against the machined end face of the shaft. Thus, the flange is also precisely oriented, and a uniform pressing on the inner ring in the circumferential direction can be achieved.

[0026] In an advantageous design, the washer has an inner edge, on which the retaining ring supports with its radially inner edge,

[0027] wherein the radially outer edge supports on the outer ring. The advantage here is that a simple arrangement for pressing and axially restricting the outer ring is achieved, wherein the outer ring is radially spaced from the washer. The retaining ring spans the radial distance and transmits the axial pressing force.

[0028] In an advantageous design, the retaining ring is a conically shaped perforated washer. The advantage here is that simple manufacturing can be achieved, because the perforated washer only needs to be pressed onto the cone in a shaped manner and thus simple manufacturing can be realized.

[0029] In an advantageous design, the axial direction is parallel to the rotational axis of the shaft. The advantage here is that the assembly of the shaft can be achieved in a horizontal orientation.

[0030] In an advantageous design, the adjusting washer is arranged radially outside the retaining ring,

[0031] in particular wherein the radial range covered by the adjusting washer abuts on the radial range covered by the retaining ring. The advantage here is that the adjusting washer can be arranged radially outside the retaining ring on the outer ring. Thus, the adjusting washer can be arranged while the outer ring is still axially fixed.

[0032] In an advantageous design, the bearing cover has a notch, in particular a recess, into which a screw fastened to the housing projects. The advantage here is that the temporary axial fixing required for the adjusting shim can be achieved by screwing in the screw and does not require unscrewing. Thus, an increase in safety is achieved. For example, the bearing cover can be removed during maintenance, and nevertheless the adjusting shim remains axially fixed. Thus, the method can be carried out completely reversibly in a reverse manner. This is also advantageous when recycling or refurbishing the speed reducer, which can be economical for large speed reducers.

[0033] In an advantageous design, the bearing cover is connected to the housing by means of additional screws, and the bearing cover axially limits the adjusting shim.

[0034] In particular, the adjusting shim is axially arranged between the bearing cover and the outer ring. The advantage here is that high axial forces can be absorbed during operation.

[0035] In an advantageous design, the axis of rotation of the rolling elements is a tangent to a cone, and the distance from the apex of the cone to the bearing cover or the shim is smaller than the distance to the shaft. The advantage here is that the bearing can be designed as a tapered roller bearing.

[0036] An important feature in the system for implementing the aforementioned method is that the system has a housing and a shaft assembly, the shaft assembly having a shaft and a bearing, in particular an angular contact bearing, in particular a tapered roller bearing, mounted on the shaft.

[0037] Wherein the bearing has an inner ring, an outer ring and rolling elements.

[0038] Wherein a retaining member fastened to the shaft acts as an axial restraint for the outer ring and the inner ring.

[0039] The advantage here is that the retaining member for axially restricting the outer ring enables orientation-independent assembly. In particular, the shaft can be inserted into the housing in the horizontal direction, in particular into the lower part of the housing.

[0040] In an advantageous design, the shaft has a central threaded hole on its end side facing the retaining member, and a screw is screwed into the threaded hole, and the screw head of the screw bears against the shim.

[0041] Wherein the axially protruding flange of the shim presses against the inner ring of the bearing.

[0042] Wherein the shim presses a retaining ring against the outer ring. The advantage here is that the shaft must be provided with a threaded hole. Thus, a lower mass and moment of inertia can be achieved. In addition, the present invention can be simply implemented.

[0043] In an advantageous design, the inner ring abuts against a shaft shoulder, in particular against a stepped portion formed on the shaft. The advantage here is that the shaft shoulder can be simply formed.

[0044] In an advantageous design, a sub-region of a bearing seat is constructed on the lower part of the housing of the speed reducer, and the outer ring of the bearing is received in this sub-region. The advantage here is that the bearing can be lowered into the bearing seat and received therein. Thus, after the lowering, the bearing is received partially, in particular half, in the lower part. Then, the upper part can be placed on the lower part, and thus the bearing can be received in the remaining bearing seat of the upper part.

[0045] The present invention is not limited to the feature combinations of the claims. For those skilled in the art, other reasonable combination possibilities of the claims and / or single claim features and / or the features of the description and / or the features of the drawings can be obtained, particularly from the object set forth and / or through comparison with the prior art. Description of the Drawings

[0046] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the schematic drawings:

[0047] In Figure 1 shows a first method step for manufacturing a speed reducer, in which a retaining ring 4 for fastening the outer ring 3 of the bearing of the shaft 1 is axially limited by a spacer 5;

[0048] In Figure 2 shows the result of the first manufacturing method step;

[0049] In Figure 3 shows the next method step of inserting the shaft 1 into the lower part of the housing of the speed reducer;

[0050] In Figure 4 shows the installation of the adjusting spacer 50;

[0051] In Figure 5 shows fixing the adjusting spacer 50 by means of a screw 51;

[0052] In Figure 6 shows the installation of the bearing cover 60, which has a notch for the screw 51 and axially limits the adjusting spacer 50. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0053] As shown in the drawings, the shaft 1 of the speed reducer is rotatably supported by means of tapered roller bearings.

[0054] The speed reducer is preferably designed as an industrial speed reducer with a mass greater than 100 kg, in particular greater than 1000 kg.

[0055] Here, the manufacturing method according to the present invention is applicable to assembling the shaft 1 in a horizontal orientation, i.e., introducing it into the speed reducer.

[0056] To this end, the speed reducer has a separate housing, in particular a split housing, wherein the housing has a lower part and an upper part placed on the lower part.

[0057] Each bearing has: an inner ring 20, which is sleeved on the shaft 1; an outer ring 3, which radially surrounds the rolling elements 2 arranged between the inner ring 20 and the outer ring 3 of the corresponding bearing.

[0058] Since the rolling elements are designed as cylinders, but the rotation axis of the rolling elements 2 is oriented as a tangent on a cone, in particular a conical surface, an axially directed force acts on the outer ring 3, and this force may cause the outer ring 3 to slip off.

[0059] To prevent this, an auxiliary part is installed in the first method step.

[0060] The bearing receiving part constructed on the housing, i.e., the bearing seat, is assigned to the lower part 30 of the housing and an upper part not shown in the figure.

[0061] Preferably, the upper part is designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to the lower part 30, and thus half of the bearing receiving part is constructed in the lower part 30 and the other half is constructed in the upper part. By splitting the bearing seat in half, the shaft can penetrate in from the vertical direction.

[0062] The shaft 1 is preferably oriented horizontally.

[0063] The bearing pre-assembled and axially fixed on the shaft 1 is shown in Figure 2 as follows.

[0064] Here, a screw 6 is provided, i.e., a screw 6 centrally inserted into the shaft 1. To this end, the shaft 1 has a threaded hole arranged coaxially with the rotation axis of the shaft and particularly axially oriented, and the screw 6 is screwed into this threaded hole. The screw head of the screw presses the gasket 5 against the retaining ring 4 directly or through an intermediate flat washer, and thus the retaining ring is pressed against the outer ring 3. Therefore, the outer ring 3 can be prevented from slipping off axially.

[0065] To limit the pressure, the gasket is supported on the inner ring 20 of the bearing, as can be seen in Figure 2 as follows.

[0066] To this end, the gasket has an axially protruding flange that abuts against the inner ring 20. The retaining ring 4 particularly abuts against the circumferentially surrounding inner edge between the flange and the base body of the gasket 5 with its radially inner edge in the circumferentially surrounding step of the gasket 5. The radially outer edge of the retaining ring 4 abuts against the outer ring 3.

[0067] The retaining ring 4 is tapered. It can thus be manufactured using a perforated spacer which is pressed onto a cone oriented coaxially with the ring axis of the perforated ring and is thus tapered.

[0068] The inner ring 20 of the bearing abuts against the stepped portion of the shaft 1.

[0069] The spacer 5 abuts against the inner ring 20 with its flange and is spaced apart from the shaft 1, especially even when the axial region covered by the shaft 1 overlaps with the axial region covered by the spacer 5.

[0070] The gear 7 is non-rotatably fixed to the shaft 1. Thus, the shaft 1 can be used as the output shaft of a speed reducer.

[0071] The axial region covered by the inner ring 20 abuts against the axial region covered by the spacer 5.

[0072] Thus, when the respective bearing is slipped onto the shaft in the first manufacturing method step and the respective outer ring 3 is restricted by the retaining ring 4, the shaft prefabricated with the bearing in such a way that its axis of rotation points in the horizontal direction is introduced from the vertical direction into the bearing housing provided on the lower part 30, where the outer ring 3 is placed in the region of the bearing housing provided on the lower part 30, as Figure 3 shown.

[0073] Then, the upper part of the housing is placed on the lower part 30 in such a way that the region of the bearing housing configured on the upper part of the housing surrounds and contacts the outer ring 3. Subsequently, in this way, the outer ring 3 is then uninterruptedly received in the entire bearing housing formed by the lower part 30 and the upper part.

[0074] As Figure 4 shown, then in the next manufacturing method step, the adjusting spacer 50 is placed on the outer ring 3, and the adjusting spacer compensates for the distance between the outside of the housing and the shoulder of the outer ring 3, especially the outer corner portion, at least almost or as much as possible, especially including the clearance.

[0075] As Figure 5 shown, then the screw 51 is screwed into the threaded hole of the housing, i.e., the lower part or the upper part, such that the screw head indirectly axially fixes the adjusting spacer via the spacer arranged between the respective screw head and the housing or alternatively the screw head itself directly.

[0076] As Figure 6 shown, the screw 6 is unscrewed, the spacer 5 is removed, and the retaining ring 4 is also removed. This is because the axial restriction of the outer ring 3 can now be implemented by the screw 51. Then, the bearing cover 60 is fixed to the housing with screws, especially to the lower part 30 and the upper part.

[0077] The bearing cover 60 has a notch, in particular a recess, such that although the screw 51 is spaced apart from the bearing cover 60 in the axial and radial directions, the radial extent covered by the screw 51 is arranged inside the radial extent covered by the bearing cover 60.

[0078] In the circumferential direction, between the screws 51 on the circumferential portions arranged in the same radial extent, the bearing cover 60 has tabs extending in the radial direction, which are not shown in the drawing, and these tabs bear not only against the shim 50 but also against the side of the housing facing the bearing cover 60, so that the shim 50 is substantially restricted by the bearing cover 60.

[0079] The bearing cover 60 shields the bearing from the environment. For this purpose, the radial extent covered by the bearing cover 60 includes the radial extent included by the shaft 1 and the radial extent covered by the bearing, in particular the inner ring 20, the rolling elements 2 and the outer ring 3, and overlaps with the radial extent covered by the housing.

[0080] The bearing cover 60 is dimensioned in such a way that it absorbs the axial forces occurring during operation. The screw 51 is dimensioned only in such a way that assembly can be carried out, that is, it can absorb its own weight.

[0081] The axial direction is oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft 1.

[0082] In a further embodiment according to the invention, instead of or in addition to the shim 51, a spacer element is used.

[0083] In a further embodiment according to the invention, instead of the spacer 5 and the retaining ring 4, an elastic element supported on the punch member is used, so that instead of applying profiling, a substantially constant force is applied.

[0084] In a further embodiment according to the invention, another toothed component is non-rotatably fixed to the shaft, so that the shaft can be used as an intermediate shaft of a speed reducer.

[0085] List of reference numerals:

[0086] 1 Shaft

[0087] 2 Rolling elements

[0088] 3 Outer ring

[0089] 4 Retaining ring

[0090] 5 Spacer

[0091] 6 Screw

[0092] 7 Gear

[0093] 20 Inner ring

[0094] Lower part of the 30 housing

[0095] 50 Adjusting shim

[0096] 51 Screw

[0097] 60 Bearing cover

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a speed reducer, Among them, the speed reducer having a housing and a shaft with at least one bearing, wherein the housing has a lower part and an upper part that can be placed on the lower part, wherein the housing has a bearing seat for receiving the bearing, wherein a first half of the bearing seat is constructed on the lower part and a second half of the bearing seat is constructed on the upper part, wherein the bearing is designed as a rolling bearing and has an inner ring, rolling elements, and an outer ring, wherein, in a first method step, the bearing is slipped onto the shaft and the outer ring of the bearing is axially restricted by a retaining member on the shaft, in a second method step, the shaft together with the bearing and the retaining member is placed into the lower part such that the outer ring of the bearing is received by the first half, in a third method step, the upper part is placed on the lower part and connected to the lower part, wherein the bearing is received by the first half and the second half, in a fourth method step, an adjusting shim is placed onto the outer ring, in a fifth method step, screws are screwed into axially directed threaded holes in the lower part and the upper part of the housing, wherein the screw head of the screw or a flat washer slipped onto the screw projects radially inwards on the housing such that the adjusting shim is restricted by the screw head or the flat washer, in a sixth method step, the retaining member is removed and a bearing cover is connected to the housing, the bearing cover axially restricting the adjusting shim and thus axially restricting the outer ring.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the retaining member is designed as an elastic member that can be fastened and supported on the shaft, wherein the elastic member is axially pressed onto the outer ring of the bearing.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the retaining member is designed as a washer with a retaining ring that is fastened to the shaft by a screw screwed into a threaded hole in the shaft.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, the washer has an axially projecting flange that presses onto the inner ring.

5. The method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that the washer has an inner edge, and the retaining ring is supported on the inner edge with its radially inner edge, wherein the retaining ring is supported on the outer ring with its radially outer edge.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 3 - 5, characterized in that, the retaining ring is a tapered perforated washer.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 - 5, characterized in that, the axial direction is parallel to the rotational axis of the shaft.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 3 - 5, characterized in that, the adjusting shim is arranged radially outside the retaining ring, the radial range covered by the adjusting shim is adjacent to the radial range covered by the retaining ring.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 - 5, characterized in that, the bearing cover has a notch, and the screw fastened to the housing extends into the notch.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 - 5, characterized in that, the bearing cover is connected to the housing by means of additional screws, the bearing cover axially restricting the adjusting shim, and the adjusting shim is axially arranged between the bearing cover and the outer ring.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 3 - 5, characterized in that, The axis of rotation of the rolling elements is a tangent to the cone, and the distance from the apex of the cone to the bearing cover or gasket is smaller than the distance to the shaft.

12. A system for implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims 1-11, Among them, wherein the system has a housing and a shaft assembly, the shaft assembly having a shaft and a bearing fitted onto the shaft, wherein the bearing has an inner ring, an outer ring and rolling elements, characterized in that a retaining member fastened to the shaft acts as an axial restraint for the outer and inner rings.

13. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that the shaft has a central threaded hole on its end side facing the retaining member, a screw is screwed into the threaded hole, and the screw head of the screw bears against a gasket, wherein an axially projecting flange of the gasket presses against the inner ring of the bearing, wherein the gasket presses a retaining ring against the outer ring.

14. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner ring abuts against a stepped portion formed on the shaft.

15. The system according to any one of claims 12-14, characterized in that a half of the bearing seat is formed on the lower part of the housing of the speed reducer, and the outer ring of the bearing is received in the half.

Images