A cultivation technique for intercropping peanuts between apricot trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation technique for intercropping peanuts between apricot trees. Through the research on the green and efficient cultivation technique of intercropping peanuts between apricot trees, the planting mode of intercropping peanuts between apricot trees is optimized, and the cultivation management technique is improved. It not only achieves the improvement of land and light energy utilization rates, solves the contradiction of competing land for grain and oil crops, but also realizes the green cultivation effect of sharing water and fertilizer, saving water, fertilizer and pesticides. At the same time, the intercropping can form a multi-layer population structure, increasing the yield and benefits compared with the single planting of apricot trees, which is of great significance for promoting the development of under-forest economy in Xinjiang, realizing the popularization of large-area green and efficient peanut planting techniques, and accelerating the development of the peanut industry in Xinjiang.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a cultivation technology for interplanting peanuts between rows of apricot trees. Background Art

[0002] Apricot is one of the ancient cultivated fruit trees in my country and is widely distributed. It has long occupied a considerable proportion in fruit production and has played an important role in improving people's lives, increasing economic benefits, developing mountainous areas, sandy wasteland, and protecting the ecological environment. Especially in southern and eastern Xinjiang, due to drought and water shortage, high annual accumulated temperature, the utilization rate of water resources determines the scale of large-scale agriculture and economic development. The water consumption of apricot trees is far less than that of other agricultural and forestry products. Therefore, the development of the apricot industry is of particular significance.

[0003] The row spacing of open-field apricot trees is generally 2m×3m or 3m×4m, and the age of the trees ranges from 5 to 15 years. The spacing between apricot trees is large, and currently nearly 50% of the space between apricot trees is not fully utilized, resulting in a waste of land between rows. In addition, if there is no planting between rows, grass will grow, resulting in low utilization rate of understory land.

[0004] In view of the problems of low forest land utilization rate and economic benefits in Xinjiang, and combined with the current situation of Xinjiang's vigorous development of the peanut industry, it is necessary to carry out research on green and efficient cultivation technology of intercropping peanuts with apricot trees to accelerate the development of Xinjiang's forest economy.

[0005] Agricultural management systems such as intercropping, interplanting, and forest-grain integration are a series of effective land use and production technologies developed under this social background. This land use method is to apply ecological principles, efficiently utilize various natural resources, and develop a sustainable ecosystem. It is one of the important measures to solve the problems of food crisis, environmental pollution, and slow economic development in developing countries with relatively scarce resources. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention aims to provide a cultivation technology for interplanting peanuts between rows of apricot trees. Compared with a conventional planting method, interplanting peanuts between rows of apricot trees utilizes the microclimate advantage of forest fields and adopts a ridge-forming, film-covering and early sowing technology to make peanuts mature 30-40 days earlier, and the sales price of fresh peanuts per kilogram is increased by 1-2 yuan. Not only the symbiotic period of peanuts and apricot trees is shortened, but also water and fertilizer are shared between apricot trees and peanuts, thereby improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, saving 150-200 yuan per mu of water, fertilizer, pesticide and other costs, interplanting apricot trees and peanuts, improving the utilization rate of light energy and land, reducing the incidence of diseases, insects and weeds, and increasing the income per mu by more than 1,000 yuan.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A cultivation technology for interplanting peanuts between rows of apricot trees specifically comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Planting pattern: According to the row spacing of apricot tree planting, generally there are two patterns: When the row spacing of apricot trees is 3m, ridge covering and film mulching are used to plant two ridges with 4 rows of peanuts. The row spacing of peanuts is 35 - 40cm, and the plant spacing is 25 - 30cm. For every 667m 2 5000 plants are reserved; when the row spacing of apricot trees is 4m, ridge covering and film mulching are used to plant three ridges with 6 rows of peanuts. The row spacing of peanuts is 35 - 40cm, and the plant spacing is 25 - 30cm. For every 667m 2 5500 plants are reserved. If the apricot trees are in a north - south row direction, the two sides of the peanut planting rows are equidistant from the apricot tree rows; if the apricot trees are in an east - west row direction, a 1.2m interval should be left between the southernmost peanut planting row and the apricot trees;

[0010] (2) Planting preparation: 1) Orchard selection: Select sandy loam orchards with flat terrain, deep soil layer, good fertility, loose texture, good air permeability, and relatively high organic matter content. It is required that before the apricot trees reach the full - fruit period, the tree age does not exceed 6 years, or the pruning height of the apricot trees does not shade the peanuts;

[0011] 2) Soil preparation: Sow on March 20th. In mid - March, combined with the irrigation of apricot trees, flood the entire orchard once. For every 667m 2 35 - 40m 3 , before irrigation, remove garbage, weeds and other sundries in the orchard, and level the uneven places. Before sowing, use a medium - sized or small - sized combined land preparation machine to plow and rotary till the land in a timely manner according to soil moisture. Deep - plow the planting land between the apricot tree rows by 30 - 35cm. After deep - plowing, prepare the land. The land preparation should be deep - plowed, leveled, loose, and fine - grained, with no stubble, residual film, grass roots and other sundries on the surface;

[0012] 3) Applying base fertilizer: Peanuts have relatively strict requirements for soil conditions. At the same time, to meet the nutritional needs, combined with deep - plowing and land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer at one time. Generally, deep - plow by 25 - 30cm. For every 667m 2 apply 2 - 3m 3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 - 25kg of triple superphosphate, 5 - 8kg of urea, and 5 - 8kg of potassium sulfate;

[0013] (3) Variety selection: Select excellent peanut varieties with wide adaptability to climate conditions, early maturity, high quality, high yield, good quality, high oil yield, disease resistance, strong stress resistance, anti - premature senility, strong adaptability, resistance to pests and diseases, and good marketability;

[0014] (4) Seed preparation: 1) Seed selection: Select seeds according to the use of fresh food or processing. Generally, select medium - sized or large - sized, plump, regular - shaped, brightly - colored, with intact red skins, and healthy peanut kernels without mechanical and pest - disease damage as seeds. The seed quality meets the requirements of GB 4407.2 standard;

[0015] 4) Sun the seeds. Generally, select sunny days before sowing to spread and sun the seeds for 2 - 3 days to improve the germination rate and germination potential of peanut seeds. When sunning the seeds, pay attention to spreading them thinly and turning them frequently to ensure uniform heating.

[0016] 4) Medicament seed dressing. Prepare the seed dressing by mixing 50 g of 30% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent, 45 g of 400 g / L Jinlefuwu suspension seed coating agent (containing carboxin and thiram), and 15 ml of Wojiafu special seed treatment fertilizer with 225 - 300 ml of water. Weigh 15 kg of peanut seeds and gradually pour them into a 30 L plastic water bucket. While adding the seed dressing, shake the bucket to ensure full contact and mixing of the seed dressing and peanut seeds. Finally, pour the stirred seeds onto an insect-proof net that is 2 m long and 1.2 m wide. Pull the four corners of the insect-proof net back and forth to evenly adhere the medicament to the surface of the seeds, and then spread and air-dry them in a dry and ventilated place for 10 - 15 h.

[0017] (5) Preparation before sowing: 1) Ridging. Determine the planting pattern according to the row spacing of forest fruits. According to the soil moisture and recent ground temperature and air temperature conditions, ridge the land manually or mechanically. Before ridging, pull a rope first to ensure that the ridges are straight and the ridge spacing is equal. Among them, the ridge spacing is 50 - 55 cm and the ridge height is 10 - 12 cm.

[0018] 2) Film mulching. Ridge and mulch the film 2 days before sowing. The width of the plastic film is 90 cm or 100 cm. After film mulching, press the plastic film on both sides of the ridge tightly with soil to play the role of heat preservation, moisture preservation, and increasing ground temperature.

[0019] (6) Sowing: 1) Sowing conditions. When the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm in the soil on the ridge is stable at 12 °C after covering the plastic film, sowing can be carried out, generally in late March. Sowing too early, the ground temperature is low and the seeds are easy to rot; sowing too late, the surface soil moisture changes quickly and it is easy to have uneven emergence. When sowing without covering the plastic film, the soil moisture content at a depth of 3 - 5 cm should be 50 - 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0020] 2) Sowing depth. Under the local climate conditions, in this technical solution mode, when ridging, mulching the film, and punching holes for sowing in late March, the sowing depth is preferably about 3 cm.

[0021] 3) Manual sowing. First, use sowing tools to punch sowing holes according to the specified plant spacing and row spacing, and then dibble the seeds according to the specified hole spacing, with 2 seeds in each hole.

[0022] 4) Mechanical sowing. Use a peanut seeder to sow according to the specified plant spacing and row spacing. Before sowing, it is necessary to debug to ensure 1 - 2 seeds in each hole. Under the condition of ensuring the germination rate, try to use a single-seed precision seeder for sowing.

[0023] (7) Post-sowing management: 1) Post-sowing rolling. Post-sowing rolling is one of the important measures to obtain early sowing and full emergence of peanuts. Rolling can not only reduce the evaporation intensity of soil moisture, but also reduce the distance between the soil and the seeds, enabling the seeds to emerge early.

[0024] 2) Check and replant seedlings. When the seedlings emerge, the emergence situation should be checked in a timely manner. If any missing seedlings are found, replanting should be carried out within 10 days after sowing to ensure a full stand of seedlings;

[0025] 3) Control water and carry out squatting. Sow according to soil moisture and ground temperature conditions 2 - 3 days after ridging and mulching. After emergence until the initial flowering stage, control water and carry out squatting for 50 - 60 days. After the squatting is over, carry out normal management such as watering and fertilizing;

[0026] 4) Intertill, weed, and hill up. During the squatting period, intertill the space between ridges and the open space around apricot trees 1 - 2 times to remove weeds, prevent soil compaction, and promote strong seedlings. During the flowering and pegging stage, hill up 1 - 2 times according to the soil condition of the ridge, with a hill - up thickness of 3 - 5 cm to shorten the distance between the pegs and the ground, enabling the pegs to enter the soil and form pods earlier and increasing the seed - setting rate. Remove the mulch in the middle and late May during the full - bloom stage of peanuts. At this time, the weeds on the ridge wither due to the high temperature inside the mulch. After removing the plastic film, clean the weeds on the ridge;

[0027] (8) Water and fertilizer management 1) Top - dress with water. Irrigate 6 - 7 times during the whole growth period (sowing around March 20th), with a water consumption of 165 - 170 m³ per 667 m². Generally, irrigate once every 15 - 20 days according to soil texture and fertility, and once every 10 - 12 days during the high - temperature period. During the critical growth stages, each top - dressing is carried out in combination with irrigation; 2 Use water 165 - 170 m³ 3 Generally, irrigate once every 15 - 20 days according to soil texture and fertility, and once every 10 - 12 days during the high - temperature period. During the critical growth stages, each top - dressing is carried out in combination with irrigation;

[0028] During the seedling stage to the initial flowering stage, do not irrigate or fertilize during squatting. After the squatting is over and the film is removed, irrigate for the first time, with a water consumption of 35 - 40 m³ per 667 m². In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 3 - 5 kg of urea, 5 - 8 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; During the middle pegging stage, irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m². In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 5 - 8 kg of triple superphosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; During the pod - setting stage, the soil should be kept moist, irrigate once every 10 - 15 days, with a water consumption of 30 m³ per 667 m². In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 5 - 8 kg of diammonium phosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; During the full - pod and mature stage, irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m². In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 5 - 8 kg of triple superphosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; Irrigate once 3 - 5 days before harvesting, with a water consumption of 10 - 15 m³ per 667 m², which is beneficial for pulling out; 2 Irrigate 35 - 40 m³ 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 3 - 5 kg of urea, 5 - 8 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; During the middle pegging stage, irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 30 m³ 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 5 - 8 kg of triple superphosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; During the pod - setting stage, the soil should be kept moist, irrigate once every 10 - 15 days, with a water consumption of 30 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 30 m³ 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 5 - 8 kg of diammonium phosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; During the full - pod and mature stage, irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 30 m³ 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress with 5 - 8 kg of triple superphosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate; Irrigate once 3 - 5 days before harvesting, with a water consumption of 10 - 15 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 10 - 15 m³ 3 which is beneficial for pulling out;

[0029] (2) Foliar topdressing: At the early flowering stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc, and calcium, as well as amino acid or humic acid liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface to promote root development and enhance the root's ability to absorb nutrients. At the mid-pin stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc, and calcium on the leaf surface once. At the pod-setting stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing calcium, zinc, and magnesium on the leaf surface once. At the full pod maturity stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc, and calcium, as well as amino acid on the leaf surface once.

[0030] (9) Plant regulation: When the peanut plants show a tendency to grow excessively from the late flowering stage to the pod-setting stage and the plant height is about 40 cm, carry out growth control treatment. Spray 10% multi-triadimefon·mepiquat chloride wettable powder (Aifeng) at 133 - 167 g per 667 m 2 133 - 167 g, 5% uniconazole wettable powder (Aizhuang) at 400 - 800 times dilution, or 10% prohexadione-calcium suspension at 30 - 40 ml.

[0031] (10) Disease, pest, and weed control: 1) Disease control The main diseases of peanuts are leaf spot diseases, and the pests include cutworms, spider mites, etc. For peanut leaf spot diseases, 17% pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole, 25% pyraclostrobin·azoxystrobin, 30% benzovindiflupyr·propiconazole, or 45% pyraclostrobin·tebuconazole can be used to spray evenly and thoroughly on the upper and lower parts of the stems and leaves. The interval is about 7 days. Alternate and rotate the use of drugs, and continuously spray on the leaf surface 2 times. To control underground pests such as white grubs, mole crickets, wireworms, and cutworms in peanuts, use 2% clothianidin·cyhalothrin granule. To control spider mites, use 24% abamectin·etoxazole, 27% pyridaben·spiromesifen, or 5% abamectin + 20% pyridaben. Spray once every 7 - 10 days and spray continuously for 2 - 3 times. The above-mentioned drugs should be used alternately.

[0032] 2) Weed control The main weeds include wild field bindweed, foxtail, barnyard grass, green ash-leaved goosefoot, reed, etc. Control methods: First, manually pick up the grass roots and take them out of the field during plowing and land preparation. Second, use Jindar, a special peanut herbicide, 72% S-metolachlor EC, to spray for soil sealing after soil rotary tillage and before sowing. Third, manually pull out. Fourth, hoe and remove.

[0033] (11) Timely harvesting: The appropriate harvesting period of peanuts is mainly judged based on the growth conditions of underground pods and above-ground plants. When most of the underground pods have hard and thin husks, clear vein textures, plump and full seeds, bright seed coat color, and at the same time, the above-ground plants stop growing, the lower leaves fall off, and the top leaves turn yellow, it is the appropriate harvesting period. Irrigate with a small amount of water once before harvesting. When harvesting, the soil is relatively loose when held in the hand. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny days. After harvesting peanuts, dry them thoroughly and store them in the warehouse. Protect the pod husks well during the drying and transportation process to prevent the pod husks from breaking.

[0034] (12) Safe storage: The storage place is required to be dry, low-temperature, ventilated, and clean. The relative air humidity is lower than 70%, the temperature is lower than 20°C, and the air has no peculiar smell. After storage, turn and dry regularly to keep it in a dry state.

[0035] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By taking advantage of the microclimate advantages in forests and fields, adopting the technology of ridge covering and early sowing, carrying out the research on the green and high-efficiency cultivation technology of intercropping apricot trees with peanuts, optimizing the planting mode of intercropping apricot trees with peanuts, and improving the cultivation management technology, not only the symbiotic period of peanuts and apricot trees is shortened, the peanuts mature 30 - 40 days earlier, achieving the green cultivation effect of sharing water and fertilizer, saving water, fertilizer and pesticides, the sales price of fresh peanut fruits per kilogram is increased by 1 - 2 yuan, and the income per mu is increased by more than 1000 yuan. At the same time, a large amount of silage feed is produced, which not only increases the income of farmers, but also provides a feed source for local farmers raising livestock. Moreover, it improves the utilization rate of land and light energy, solves the contradiction of competing for land between grain and oil crops. At the same time, intercropping can form a multi-layer population structure, increasing the yield and efficiency compared with single apricot tree planting, which is of great significance for accelerating the development of local animal husbandry, promoting the development of under-forest economy in Xinjiang, realizing the popularization of large-area green and high-efficiency peanut planting technology, and accelerating the development of peanut industry in Xinjiang. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is the planting mode 1 in Embodiment 1 of the specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is the planting mode 2 in Embodiment 1 of the specific implementation manner of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] A cultivation technology for intercropping peanuts between apricot trees specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Planting mode: According to the row spacing of apricot tree planting, generally there are two modes: When the row spacing of apricot trees is 3m, ridge covering and planting two ridges of 4 rows of peanuts, the row spacing of peanuts is 35 - 40cm, the plant spacing is 25 - 30cm, and every 667m 2 ensures 5000 plants; When the row spacing of apricot trees is 4m, ridge covering and planting three ridges of 6 rows of peanuts, the row spacing of peanuts is 35 - 40cm, the plant spacing is 25 - 30cm, and every 667m 2 ensures 5500 plants. If the apricot trees are in the north-south row direction, the two sides of the peanut planting rows are equidistant from the apricot tree rows; If the apricot trees are in the east-west row direction, there should be a 1.2m interval between the southernmost peanut planting row and the apricot trees;

[0042] (2) Planting Preparation: 1) Orchard Selection Select a sandy loam orchard with flat terrain, deep soil layer, good fertility, loose texture, good air permeability, and relatively high organic matter content. It is required that the apricot trees are no more than 6 years old before the full fruit-bearing period, or the pruning height of the apricot trees does not shade the peanuts;

[0043] 2) Soil Preparation Sow on March 20th. In mid-March, water the entire orchard thoroughly with the irrigation of apricot trees. For every 667m 2 35 - 40m 3 , before irrigation, remove garbage, weeds and other sundries in the orchard, level the uneven places. Before sowing, use a medium and small-sized combined land preparation machine to plow and rotary tillage in due time and moisture. Deeply plow the planting land between the rows of the apricot orchard by 30 - 35 cm. After deep plowing, prepare the land. The land preparation should be deep plowed, leveled, loose, fine, and there should be no stubble, residual film, grass roots and other sundries on the surface;

[0044] 3) Applying Base Fertilizer Peanuts have relatively strict requirements for soil conditions. At the same time, to meet the nutritional needs, combined with deep plowing and land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer at one time. Generally, plow deeply by 25 - 30 cm. For every 667m 2 Apply 2 - 3m 3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 - 25 kg of triple superphosphate, 5 - 8 kg of urea, and 5 - 8 kg of potassium sulfate;

[0045] (3) Variety Selection: Select excellent peanut varieties with wide adaptability to climate conditions, early maturity, high quality, high yield, good quality, high oil yield, disease resistance, strong stress resistance, anti-early senescence, strong adaptability, resistance to pests and diseases, and good commercial properties;

[0046] (4) Seed Preparation: 1) Seed Selection Select seeds according to the use of fresh food or processing. Generally, select medium or large-sized, plump, regular-shaped, brightly colored, with intact red skins, and healthy peanut kernels without mechanical and pest damages as seeds. The seed quality meets the requirements of GB 4407.2 standard;

[0047] 2) Seed Sunning Generally, choose sunny days to spread and sun the seeds for 2 - 3 days before sowing to improve the germination rate and germination potential of peanut seeds. When sunning the seeds, pay attention to spreading them thinly and turning them over frequently to make the heat evenly distributed.

[0048] 3) Medicament Seed Dressing Prepare the seed dressing by mixing 50 g of 30% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent + 45 g of 400 g / L Jinlefu suspension agent of carbendazim and thiram + 15 ml of Wojiafu special seed treatment fertilizer with 225 - 300 ml of water. Weigh 15 kg of peanut seeds and gradually pour them into a 30 L plastic water bucket. While adding the seed dressing, shake the bucket to make the seed dressing fully contact and mix with the peanut seeds. Finally, pour the stirred seeds onto an insect-proof net that is 2 m long and 1.2 m wide. Pull the four corners of the insect-proof net back and forth to make the medicament evenly adhere to the surface of the seeds. Then spread and air-dry them in a dry and ventilated place for 10 - 15 h;

[0049] (5) Preparation before sowing: 1) Ridging: Determine planting pattern 1 or planting pattern 2 according to the row spacing of forest fruits (see Figure 1 - Figure 2 ). According to the soil moisture and recent ground temperature and air temperature conditions, ridge with manual or mechanical methods. Before ridging, pull a rope first to ensure that the ridges are straight and the ridge spacing is equal. Among them, the ridge spacing is 50 - 55 cm, and the ridge height is 10 - 12 cm;

[0050] 2) Film mulching: Ridging and film mulching 2 days before sowing. The width of the plastic film is 90 cm or 100 cm. After film mulching, the plastic film on both sides of the ridge is compacted with soil to play the role of heat preservation and moisture preservation and increase the ground temperature;

[0051] (6) Sowing: 1) Sowing conditions: When the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm in the soil on the ridge is stable at 12 °C after covering the plastic film, sowing can be carried out, generally in late March. Sowing too early, the ground temperature is low and the seeds are easy to rot. Sowing too late, the surface soil moisture changes quickly and it is easy to have uneven emergence. When sowing without covering the plastic film, the soil moisture content at a depth of 3 - 5 cm is preferably 50 - 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity;

[0052] 2) Sowing depth: Under the local climate conditions, in this technical solution mode, when ridging, film mulching and punching holes for sowing in late March, the sowing depth is preferably about 3 cm;

[0053] 3) Manual sowing: First, use sowing tools to make sowing holes according to the specified plant spacing and row spacing, and then sow seeds according to the specified hole spacing, 2 seeds per hole;

[0054] 4) Mechanical sowing: Use a peanut seeder to sow according to the specified plant spacing and row spacing. Before sowing, it is necessary to debug to ensure 1 - 2 seeds per hole. Under the condition of ensuring the germination rate, try to choose a single - grain precision seeder for sowing;

[0055] (7) Post - sowing management: 1) Post - sowing rolling: Post - sowing rolling is one of the important measures to obtain early and full emergence of peanuts. Rolling can not only reduce the evaporation intensity of soil moisture, but also narrow the distance between the soil and the seeds, enabling the seeds to emerge earlier;

[0056] 2) Seedling checking and reseeding: When emerging, the emergence situation should be checked in time. If seedlings are missing, reseeding should be carried out within 10 days after sowing to ensure full seedlings;

[0057] 3) Water control and seedling squatting: Sow according to the soil moisture and ground temperature conditions 2 - 3 days after ridging and film mulching. After emergence and before the initial flowering stage, control water and squat the seedlings for 50 - 60 days. After the seedling squatting is over, carry out normal management such as watering and fertilizing;

[0058] (4) During the period of intertillage, weeding and soil heaping for squatting seedlings, conduct intertillage 1 - 2 times in the ridges and the open spaces around apricot trees to remove weeds, prevent soil compaction, and promote strong seedlings. During the flowering and pegging stage, conduct soil heaping 1 - 2 times according to the soil conditions of the ridges, with a soil heaping thickness of 3 - 5 cm, shortening the distance between the pegs and the ground, enabling the pegs to enter the soil and form pods earlier, and increasing the seed setting rate. Remove the mulch in the middle and late May during the full - bloom stage of peanuts. At this time, the weeds on the ridges wither due to the high temperature inside the mulch. After removing the plastic film, clean the weeds on the ridges;

[0059] (7) Water and fertilizer management 1) Top - dress fertilizer along with irrigation. Irrigate 6 - 7 times throughout the growth period (sowing around March 20th), with a water consumption of 165 - 170 m³ per 667 m². Generally, irrigate once every 15 - 20 days according to the soil texture and fertility, and once every 10 - 12 days during the high - temperature period. During the key growth stages, conduct top - dressing in combination with irrigation; 2 Use 165 - 170 m³ of water per 667 m² 3 Generally, irrigate once every 15 - 20 days according to the soil texture and fertility, and once every 10 - 12 days during the high - temperature period. During the key growth stages, conduct top - dressing in combination with irrigation;

[0060] During the seedling stage to the early flowering stage, squat the seedlings without irrigating or fertilizing. After the squatting seedlings end and the film is removed, irrigate for the first time, with an irrigation volume of 35 - 40 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 35 - 40 m³ per 667 m² 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress urea 3 - 5 kg, diammonium phosphate 5 - 8 kg, and potassium sulfate 3 - 5 kg; During the mid - pegging stage, irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m² 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress triple superphosphate 5 - 8 kg and potassium sulfate 3 - 5 kg; During the pod - setting stage, the soil should be kept moist, irrigate once every 10 - 15 days, with an irrigation volume of 30 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m² 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress diammonium phosphate 5 - 8 kg and potassium sulfate 3 - 5 kg; During the full - pod and maturity stage, irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 30 m³ per 667 m² 3 In combination with irrigation, top - dress triple superphosphate 5 - 8 kg and potassium sulfate 3 - 5 kg; Irrigate once 3 - 5 days before harvest, with an irrigation volume of 10 - 15 m³ per 667 m². 2 Irrigate 10 - 15 m³ per 667 m² 3 which is beneficial for pulling out;

[0061] 2) Foliar top - dressing. At the early flowering stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc, and calcium, as well as amino acid or humic acid liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface to promote root development and enhance the root's ability to absorb nutrients; At the mid - pegging stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc, and calcium on the leaf surface once; During the pod - setting stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing calcium, zinc, and magnesium on the leaf surface once; During the full - pod and maturity stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc, and calcium, as well as amino acid on the leaf surface once

[0062] (9) Plant regulation: When the peanut plants show a tendency to grow excessively and the plant height is about 40 cm from the late full - bloom stage to the pod - setting stage, conduct growth control treatment. Spray 10% paclobutrazol + mepiquat chloride wettable powder (Aifeng) on the leaf surface at a rate of per 667 m² 2133 - 167 g, 5% uniconazole wettable powder diluted 400 - 800 times or 10% prohexadione - calcium suspension 30 - 40 ml;

[0063] (10) Pest, disease and weed control: 1) Disease control The main diseases of peanuts are leaf spot diseases, and the pests include cutworms, spider mites, etc. For peanut leaf spot diseases, 17% pyraclostrobin - epoxiconazole, 25% pyraclostrobin - azoxystrobin, 30% benzovindiflupyr - propiconazole or 45% pyraclostrobin - tebuconazole can be sprayed evenly on the upper and lower parts of the stems and leaves, with an interval of about 7 days. Alternate and rotate the use of drugs, and spray continuously on the leaves for 2 times; To control underground pests of peanuts such as white grubs, mole crickets, wireworms and cutworms, use 2% clothianidin - lambda - cyhalothrin granule; To control spider mites, use 24% abamectin - etoxazole, 27% pyridaben - spirodiclofen or 5% abamectin + 20% pyridaben, spray once every 7 - 10 days, and spray continuously for 2 - 3 times. The above agents should be used alternately;

[0064] 2) Weed control The main weeds are wild field bindweed, foxtail, barnyard grass, green ash - leaf goosefoot, reed, etc. Control methods: First, manually pick up the grass roots and take them out of the field during plowing and land preparation; Second, use Jindar 72% S - metolachlor EC, a special herbicide for peanuts, to spray for soil sealing after soil rotary tillage and before sowing; Third, manually pull out; Fourth, remove by intertillage;

[0065] (11) Harvest at the right time: The appropriate harvest period of peanuts is mainly judged based on the growth of underground pods and above - ground plants. When most of the underground pods have hard and thin husks, clear vein patterns, plump and full seeds, bright seed coat color, and at the same time, the above - ground plants stop growing, the lower leaves fall off, and the top leaves turn yellow, it is the appropriate harvest period. Irrigate with a small amount of water once before harvest. When harvesting, the soil is loose when held in the hand. Harvesting should be carried out on a sunny day. After harvesting peanuts, dry them thoroughly and store them in the warehouse. Protect the pod husks during the process of drying and transportation to prevent the husks from breaking;

[0066] (12) Safe storage: The storage place is required to be dry, low - temperature, ventilated, clean, with a relative air humidity below 70%, a temperature below 20°C, and no peculiar smell in the air. After storage, turn and dry regularly to keep it in a dry state.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Apricot trees and peanuts share water and fertilizer to improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. (Calculated according to the standard of 111 - 148 plants per mu and 20 - 30 m 3 per mu of irrigation water)

[0069] (1) Before budding in mid - March, when apricot trees are planted alone, young apricot trees are supplemented with 30 - 60 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, as well as 10 - 15 kg of potassium sulfate and 10 - 15 kg of diammonium phosphate. Irrigate the whole garden with 1 time of thorough water about 35 - 40 m 3 ; while in the intercropping peanut mode, irrigate about 35 - 40 m 3, apply 25 kg of triple superphosphate, 5 kg of urea, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer.

[0070] (2) During the fruit setting period in the middle and late April, after the flowers have withered, apply 0.5 kg of phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer per plant. Fertilization is carried out simultaneously with irrigation, and the irrigation volume is 20 - 30 m 3 ; while in the intercropping peanut pattern, there is no irrigation and fertilization, which can save 20 - 30 m 3 of water and 55.5 - 74 kg of chemical fertilizers.

[0071] (3) During the fruit coloring period in mid-May, conduct one top dressing for the apricot trees in combination with irrigation. Apply 0.5 kg of potassium-containing compound fertilizer per plant. Fertilization is carried out simultaneously with irrigation, and the irrigation volume is 20 - 30 m 3 ; in the intercropping peanut pattern, irrigate 35 - 40 m 2 per 667 m 3 , and in combination with irrigation, top dress 3 - 5 kg of urea, 5 - 8 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate once. Compared with the single cropping of apricot trees, it irrigates 10 - 15 m 3 more water and saves 44.5 - 56 kg of chemical fertilizers.

[0072] (4) In late June, after the apricots are harvested to supplement the tree body nutrition, apply 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant and irrigate 20 - 30 m 3 . The intercropping peanut pattern irrigates 20 - 30 m more water in June than the single cropping of apricot trees 3 and saves 33.5 - 38 kg of chemical fertilizers.

[0073] (5) In mid-September, apply 10 - 20 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per young apricot tree.

[0074] (6) From October to early November, apply base fertilizer in autumn. For bearing trees, apply more than 100 kg of organic fertilizer per plant, and for young trees, apply more than 25 - 30 kg per plant. Fertilization can be carried out in combination with autumn plowing.

[0075] Irrigate antifreeze water. Before the defoliation period or before freezing, the apricot orchard should be irrigated sufficiently with antifreeze water, which can be carried out simultaneously with fertilization.

[0076] (7) Intercropping peanuts in the apricot orchard reduces the labor cost of weeding from June to September. The input of organic fertilizers in the two patterns is equivalent. The combined use of water and fertilizer saves about 102 - 136.5 kg of chemical fertilizer application per mu of land (the cost is about 300 - 400 yuan), and uses about 100 cubic meters more water (about 50 yuan). Therefore, the cost is saved by 250 - 350 yuan per mu.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] Sow early and harvest early to shorten the symbiotic period of apricot trees and peanuts, and achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase.

[0079] Interplanting peanuts in apricot orchards makes full use of the microclimate advantages in the forest and field. By adopting the technology of ridge-forming and film-covering for early sowing, compared with flat beds, the middle of the ridge is higher and the two sides are lower, which is conducive to the ventilation and air permeability of peanuts, increases the soil temperature, enhances the oxygen supply capacity of the roots, and is beneficial to rooting and germination after sowing; the soil layer thickens, the soil layer is more loose, and the nitrogen fixation ability of the roots is enhanced; after irrigation, the soaking time of peanut roots is reduced, which weakens the growth potential and reduces the occurrence of diseases and pests. The main technological innovations are as follows: ① Planting mode: changing from conventional flat-bed sowing without film-covering to ridge-forming and film-covering planting; ② Sowing period: advancing the sowing period from the conventional April 20th to March 20th; ③ Management after the end of the seedling stage: changing from the conventional first irrigation and topdressing in early June to the first irrigation and topdressing after removing the film at the end of May and early June, with a longer seedling stage, laying a foundation for reproductive growth; ④ Early maturity: advancing the maturity period from late September to early and mid-August, making the peanuts mature 30 - 40 days earlier; ⑤ Cost reduction and efficiency increase: the sales price per kilogram of fresh fruits increases by 1 - 2 yuan due to early maturity, which not only shortens the symbiotic period between peanuts and apricot trees, but also saves 150 - 200 yuan per mu in water, fertilizer, pesticides and other costs, and the income per mu increases by more than 1000 yuan. At the same time, in the intercropping peanut mode, the peanut plants on the ground can produce about 2500 - 3000 kg of peanut vines. Calculated at the price of 0.5 yuan per kilogram of silage corn, the benefit is 1250 - 1500 yuan, realizing cost reduction and efficiency increase in the interplanting of apricot trees and peanuts and increasing production and income for farmers; ⑥ Promoting the development of animal husbandry: due to the dry climate in the local area, most of the feed for cattle and sheep needs to be transported from northern Xinjiang or neighboring counties and cities at high prices. The popularization and application of this technology can produce a large amount of silage feed while producing peanuts, which not only increases the income of farmers, but also provides a feed source for local farmers raising livestock, promoting the development of local animal husbandry.

[0080] Example 4

[0081] I. Test and measurement

[0082] (I) Comparison of growth, physiological and photosynthetic parameter indicators under different planting densities

[0083] This test plot is located in Karabulak Village, Guolebuyi Township, Toksun County, Turpan City. Under field test conditions, using JG-1 as the test material, a single-factor split-plot experimental design is adopted. In the intercropping cultivation mode of apricot trees and peanuts, the row spacing of apricot trees is 3m×4m, and 4 rows of peanuts are planted between the rows. The density is a single factor. P1 (0.30 million plants / 667m 2 ), P2 (0.55 million plants / 667m 2 ), P3 (0.80 million plants / 667m 2 ) are three density levels. Under the conventional fertilization level, there are 3 treatments in total for the test, each treatment is repeated three times, and there are 9 test plots. The area of each plot is 100m 2, the total area of the plot is 900 ㎡. For P1 treatment (peanut row spacing 50 - 55 cm, plant spacing 35 - 40 cm), P2 treatment (peanut row spacing 35 - 40 cm, plant spacing 25 - 30 cm), and P3 treatment (peanut row spacing 35 - 40 cm, plant spacing 15 - 20 cm), the base fertilizer application for each treatment is: superphosphate 20 - 25 kg / 667m 2 , urea 5 - 8 kg / 667m 2 , potassium sulfate 5 - 8 kg / 667m 2 . Topdressing is carried out at the initial stage of the flower needle stage and the pod-setting stage in each plot. Before sowing, first remove the weeds in the forest land and dig out the thatch, etc., and then plow and harrow the forest land. Peanut seeds are sown manually in holes, 2 seeds per hole, ridges are formed and covered with plastic film, and protection rows are set around the plot. During the experiment, normal annual tending and management measures are adopted, watering and fertilizing in a timely manner, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests regularly. The stem diameter is measured using a digital vernier caliper, and the plant height is measured with a ruler; the soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities are all measured according to the method of Li Hesheng; various photosynthetic indexes of the leaves are measured at 9:00 - 11:00 in the morning on the day of detection (sunny day). The third leaf from the bottom of the main branch of the peanut is taken respectively, and 10 plants' leaves are tested for each treatment, and the results are averaged. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters are measured using an American Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system analyzer to measure the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of the third leaf from the top of the peanut plant. At the harvest stage, the effects of different densities on the growth, development, photosynthesis, and physiological characteristics of peanuts were studied.

[0084] 1. Effects of different density treatments on the growth and development of peanuts

[0085] It can be seen from Table 1 that with the increase of density, the main stem height and lateral branch length of peanuts show an increasing trend, while the number of branches and stem diameter show a decreasing trend. At the density of P2 (0.55 million plants / 667m 2 ), the main stem height, lateral branch length, number of branches, and stem diameter are all in the middle. At the density of P1 (0.3 million plants / 667m 2 ), the stem diameter is the thickest, which is 6.39 mm, and the number of branches is the largest, which is 6.7. Compared with other treatments, the density of P1 (0.3 million plants / 667m 2 ) is small, the light intensity and nutrient area increase, showing short and strong plants, while the density of P3 (0.8 million plants / 667m 2 ) is large, the light intensity and nutrient area decrease, showing short and strong plants; at the same time, by comparing the average fresh weight of the peanut seedlings above the ground of each treatment, at the density of P2 (0.55 million plants / 667m 2) At a density of [density value], the average fresh weight per plant is 524.62 g, and the yield increase potential of peanut seedlings is relatively large compared to other treatments. According to the planting density of this technical solution ([density value] plants / 667m 2 ), the average fresh weight of peanut seedlings per mu is 2,885.41 kg; as a feed with relatively high nutritional value, the test results show that the crude protein content of peanut seedlings reaches 14.62%, which is 6.74% higher than that of silage corn. Calculated at 0.5 yuan / kg for corn silage, the sales price of peanut seedlings per mu is 1,400 - 1,500 yuan, and the yield increase benefit is relatively high. Through comprehensive analysis, under this test mode, the treatment at P2 ([density value] plants / 667m 2 ) density is more conducive to the growth of peanuts.

[0086] Table 1 Effects of different density treatments on the growth and development of peanuts in the apricot tree intercropping peanut mode

[0087]

[0088] 2. Effects of different density treatments on the photosynthetic parameters of peanuts

[0089] Research shows that the decline of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) is an important physiological manifestation of plant leaf senescence, and the level of Pn can roughly reflect the strength of leaf physiological function and the degree of senescence. In the comparison of photosynthetic parameters of each treatment, under the density treatment of P2 ([density value] plants / 667m 2 ), the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO 2 concentration of peanut leaves are more conducive to the normal growth and physiological activities of peanut plants compared to other treatments, which are 30.82 μmol·m -2 ·S -1 , 7.1 mmol·m -2 ·s -1 , 0.64 mol·m -2 ·s -1 , 245.5 μmol·mol -1 .

[0090] Table 2 Effects of different density treatments on the photosynthetic parameters of peanut leaves in the apricot tree intercropping peanut mode

[0091]

[0092] 3. Effects of different density treatments on the physiological indexes of peanuts

[0093] This experiment shows that compared with other treatments, under P2 ([density value] plants / 667m 2 It should be noted that the specific density values in the original text are not clearly given in the provided content. Here, [density value] is used as a placeholder for translation. You may need to substitute the actual density values according to the original text for a more accurate translation.) Under this density, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in plants were increased. Especially, the activity of SOD was the highest, reaching 630.38 U / gFW, which was 27.32 U / gFW and 25.37 U / gFW higher than those of treatments P1 and P3 respectively. Meanwhile, the MDA content was the lowest, at 0.19 nmol / mgProt, and the soluble protein content was the highest, at 14.69 g / L, indicating that compared with other treatments, P2 (5,500 plants / 667 m 2 ) was more suitable for growth under the density treatment environment and was not stressed by environmental conditions or other factors.

[0094] Table 3 Effects of different density treatments on peanut physiological indexes under the apricot tree intercropping peanut mode

[0095]

[0096] 4. Effects of different density treatments on peanut yield indexes

[0097] Under the three different density treatments, as can be seen from Table 4, with the increase in density, the number of fruits per plant decreased, and the number of immature fruits (abortive fruits) decreased. Although the average yield per mu also increased with the increase in density, the average yield per plant of treatment P3 (8,000 plants / 667 m 2 ) was the highest, with an average fresh fruit yield per mu of 842.4 kg. However, compared with treatment P2, the average yield per plant of treatment P3 decreased from 132.6 g to 105.3 g, indicating that the increase in density in treatment P3 had a greater impact on yield. To pursue high yield per unit area, both the planting density and the input of production costs such as seeds, fertilizers, and labor, as well as the yield increase potential under density treatment, need to be considered. Comprehensive analysis of the impact of the density in treatment P3 on yield increase shows that its yield increase potential is declining. Therefore, treatment P2 (5,500 plants / 667 m 2 ) is more suitable, with an average yield per mu of 729.3 kg, equivalent to an average dry peanut yield per mu of 364.65 kg.

[0098] Table 4 Effects of different density treatments on peanut yield traits under the apricot tree intercropping peanut mode

[0099]

[0100] 5. Effects of different production areas and cultivation modes on peanut quality indexes

[0101] In the comparison of peanut quality indicators under different production areas and cultivation modes, the single-cropping peanut cultivation mode is adopted in Hebei and Changji, Xinjiang. Compared with the peanut quality indicators under the intercropping peanut cultivation mode with apricot trees in Turpan, Xinjiang, the contents of protein, linoleic acid, arginine and phenylalanine in the intercropping peanut with apricot trees in Turpan, Xinjiang are the highest, reaching 27.14 g / 100 g, 37.63 g / 100 g, 3.95 g / 100 g and 2.01 g / 100 g respectively. The sucrose content in the intercropping peanut with apricot trees in Turpan, Xinjiang is the lowest, at 4.68%. The sucrose content in the single-cropping peanut in Changji, Xinjiang is the highest, at 7.22%. The sucrose content in the single-cropping peanut in Hebei is in the middle, at 6.55%. Through comprehensive analysis, the peanut quality under the intercropping peanut cultivation mode with apricot trees in Turpan, Xinjiang is relatively better.

[0102] Table 5 Comparison of peanut quality indicators between the intercropping peanut with apricot trees mode and single-cropping peanuts in different production areas

[0103]

[0104] (2) Effects of different planting depths on the growth and development and dry matter accumulation of peanut seedlings

[0105] The test plot was selected in Kalabulak Village, Guolebuyi Township, Toksun County, Turpan City. Three peanut sowing depth treatments were set: (D1) 3 cm, (D2) 5 cm and (D3) 7 cm. The apricot orchard was irrigated on March 15 in spring. After plowing and rotary tillage on March 19, ridges were formed and covered with plastic film. Two days after covering the film, on March 22, holes were drilled on the film-covered ridges for sowing. The sowing depth was marked at 3 cm, 5 cm and 7 cm respectively with a prepared rod-shaped plastic ruler. During sowing, the depth of the sowing holes was strictly in accordance with the test requirements. Each treatment had three replicates, and 40 holes were sown in each replicate, with a total of 120 holes sown. They were marked with marker plates. The emergence time and emergence rate were regularly investigated. On April 22, 10 plants were sampled from each treatment to measure the main stem height, lateral branch length, number of branches, stem diameter and fresh weight per plant. The peanut seedling plants were divided into three parts: roots, stems and leaves, and were blanched at 105 °C for 30 min in an oven, then dried at 75 °C to a constant weight, cooled to room temperature, and the dry matter weights of the three parts were measured respectively, and the average value of each index was calculated.

[0106] 1. Effects of different planting depths on the growth and development of peanut seedlings

[0107] As can be seen from Table 6, different planting depths have a certain impact on peanut germination. The main manifestation is that the peanut breaking-through time is the earliest and the emergence rate is the highest when sown at a depth of D1 (3 cm), which are March 28th and 96% respectively. This shows that under the growth environment conditions at that time, a sowing depth of D1 (3 cm) is more conducive to the healthy and robust growth of peanut seedlings. Compared with the D1 (3 cm) treatment, the peanut seedlings in the D2 (5 cm) treatment and the D3 (7 cm) treatment are relatively short, the stem diameter decreases, and the emergence rates are 87% and 81% respectively. Therefore, it shows that under the planting mode of this technical solution, a sowing depth of 3 cm is more suitable under the climate conditions on March 22nd. When sown too deep, there are phenomena such as low emergence rate and late germination of seedlings, resulting in a delay in the growth period.

[0108] Table 6 Effects of the apricot tree intercropping peanut mode and different planting depths on the growth and development of peanut seedlings

[0109]

[0110] 2. Effects of different planting depths on the dry matter accumulation of peanut seedlings

[0111] As can be seen from Table 7, compared with the other two treatments, the above-ground biomass of peanut seedlings sown at a depth of D1 (3 cm) is the largest. The fresh weights of roots, stems, and leaves are 1.67 g, 13.42 g, and 12.34 g respectively. At the same time, the dry matter accumulation ability of peanut seedlings is also continuously enhanced, showing D1 (3 cm) treatment > D2 (5 cm) > D3 (7 cm) treatment, indicating that a sowing depth of 3 cm is more suitable under the conditions of this technical solution.

[0112] Table 7 Effects of the apricot tree intercropping peanut mode and different planting depths on the dry matter accumulation of peanut seedlings

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation technique for intercropping peanuts between apricot trees, characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps: (1)Planting pattern: According to the row spacing of apricot tree planting, there are generally two patterns: when the row spacing of apricot trees is 3m, two ridges with 4 rows of peanuts are planted with ridge covering. The row spacing of peanuts is 35 - 40cm, and the plant spacing is 25 - 30cm. 5000 plants are reserved per 667m 2 When the row spacing of apricot trees is 4m, three ridges with 6 rows of peanuts are planted with ridge covering. The row spacing of peanuts is 35 - 40cm, and the plant spacing is 25 - 30cm. 5500 plants are reserved per 667m 2 If the apricot trees are in the north-south row direction, the two sides of the peanut planting rows are equidistant from the apricot tree rows; if the apricot trees are in the east-west row direction, a 1.2m interval should be left between the southernmost peanut planting row and the apricot trees; (2) Planting preparation: 1) Garden selection Select a sandy loam apricot orchard with flat terrain, deep soil layer, good fertility, loose texture, good air permeability, and relatively high organic matter content. It is required that the apricot trees are before the full fruit period, the tree age does not exceed 6 years, or the pruning height of the apricot trees does not shade the peanuts; 2) Soil preparation. Sow on March 20th. In mid-March, irrigate the entire orchard with a large amount of water in combination with the irrigation of apricot trees. For every 667 m 2 35 - 40 m 3 , before irrigation, remove the garbage and weeds in the orchard, level the uneven places. Before sowing, use a medium and small-sized combined land preparation machine to plow and rotary tillage at the right time and soil moisture. Deeply plow the inter-row planting area of the apricot orchard by 30 - 35 cm. After deep plowing, prepare the land. The land preparation should be deep plowed, leveled, loose, and fine, with no stubble, residual film, grass roots, and other sundries on the surface; 3) Applying base fertilizer: Peanuts have relatively strict requirements for soil conditions. At the same time, to meet the nutritional needs, combined with deep plowing and land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer at one time. Generally, plow deeply by 25 - 30 cm. For the base fertilizer, apply 2 - 3 m³ of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per 667 m² 2 , 20 - 25 kg of triple superphosphate, 5 - 8 kg of urea, and 5 - 8 kg of potassium sulfate; 3 ​ (3) Variety selection: Select excellent peanut varieties with wide adaptability to climate conditions, early maturity, high quality, high yield, good quality, high oil yield, disease resistance, strong stress resistance, anti-early senescence, strong adaptability, resistance to pests and diseases, and good commerciality; (4) Seed preparation: 1) Seed selection Select seeds according to the use of fresh food or processing. Generally, medium or large-sized, plump, regular-shaped, brightly colored, and intact red-coated healthy peanut kernels without mechanical and pest damage are selected as seeds, and the seed quality meets the requirements of GB 4407.2 standard; 2) Seed sunning Generally, choose a sunny day to spread and sun for 2 - 3 days before sowing to improve the germination rate and germination potential of peanut seeds. When sunning seeds, pay attention to spreading thinly and turning frequently to make the heat evenly distributed; 3) Medicament seed dressing Prepare a seed coating agent by mixing 50 g of 30% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent + 45 g of 400 g / L Jinlefuwu suspension seed coating agent for fusarium wilt and thiram + 15 ml of Wojiafu special seed treatment fertilizer with 225 - 300 ml of water. Weigh 15 kg of peanut seeds and gradually pour them into a 30 L plastic water bucket. Add the seed coating agent while shaking the bucket to make the seed coating agent fully contact and mix with the peanut seeds. Finally, pour the stirred seeds onto an insect-proof net that is 2 m long and 1.2 m wide. Pull the four corners of the insect-proof net back and forth to make the medicament evenly adhere to the surface of the seeds, and then spread and dry them in a dry and ventilated place for 10 - 15 h; (5) Preparation before sowing: 1) Ridging Determine the planting pattern according to the row spacing of forest fruits. According to the soil moisture and recent ground temperature and air temperature conditions, ridge by hand or machine. Before ridging, pull a rope first to ensure that the ridges are straight and the ridge spacing is equal. Among them, the ridge spacing is 50 - 55 cm, and the ridge height is 10 - 12 cm; 2) Film mulching Ridge and mulch with film 2 days before sowing. The width of the plastic film is 90 cm - 100 cm. After mulching, press the plastic film on both sides of the ridge tightly with soil to play the role of heat preservation, moisture preservation, and raising the ground temperature; (6) Sowing: 1) Sowing conditions When the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm in the soil on the ridge is stable at 12 °C after covering the plastic film, sowing can be carried out, generally in late March. If sown early, the ground temperature is low and the seeds are easy to rot. If sown late, the surface soil moisture changes quickly and it is easy to have uneven emergence. When sowing without covering the plastic film, the soil moisture content at a depth of 3 - 5 cm is 50 - 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity; 2) Sowing depth Under the local climate conditions, when ridging, mulching, and punching holes for sowing in late March, the sowing depth is 3 cm; 3) Manual sowing First, use a sowing tool to make sowing holes according to the specified plant spacing and row spacing, and dibble seeds according to the specified hole spacing, with 2 seeds per hole; 4) Mechanical sowing Use a peanut seeder to sow according to the specified plant spacing and row spacing. Before sowing, it is necessary to debug to ensure 1 - 2 seeds per hole. Under the condition of ensuring the germination rate, try to use a single-seed precision seeder for sowing; (7)Post-sowing management: 1) Post-sowing rolling. Post-sowing rolling is one of the important measures to obtain full and early emergence of peanuts. Rolling can not only reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, but also narrow the distance between the soil and the seeds, enabling the seeds to emerge earlier. 2) Checking and reseeding. When emerging, the emergence situation should be checked in time. If seedlings are missing, reseeding should be carried out within 10 days after sowing to ensure full seedlings. 3) Controlling water and squatting seedlings. Sow according to soil moisture and ground temperature conditions 2 - 3 days after ridging and mulching. Control water and squat seedlings from emergence to the early flowering stage for 50 - 60 days. After squatting seedlings, water and fertilize. 4) Intertillage, weeding and soil heaping. During the squatting seedling period, intertill the ridges and the open spaces between apricot trees 1 - 2 times to remove weeds, prevent soil compaction and promote strong seedlings. During the flowering and pegging stage, heap soil 1 - 2 times according to the soil conditions of the ridges, with a soil heaping thickness of 3 - 5 cm, shortening the distance between the pegs and the ground, enabling the pegs to enter the soil and form pods earlier, and increasing the seed setting rate. Remove the mulch in the middle and late May during the full flowering stage of peanuts. At this time, the weeds on the ridges wither due to the high temperature inside the mulch. After removing the plastic film, clean the weeds on the ridges. (8) Water and fertilizer management 1) Topdress with water. Irrigate 6 - 7 times during the whole growth period, with 165 - 170 m³ of water used per 667 m². Generally, irrigate once every 15 - 20 days according to soil texture and fertility, and once every 10 - 12 days during the high-temperature period. During the critical growth stages, topdress each time in combination with irrigation; 2 Use 165 - 170 m³ of water 3 and generally irrigate once every 15 - 20 days according to soil texture and fertility, once every 10 - 12 days during the high-temperature period, and during the critical growth stages, topdress each time in combination with irrigation; During the seedling stage to the early flowering stage, no irrigation or fertilization is carried out for squatting the seedlings. After the squatting of the seedlings ends and the film is removed, the first irrigation is carried out, with 35 - 40 m 2 of water per 667 m 3 . In combination with the irrigation, 3 - 5 kg of urea, 5 - 8 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate are topdressed once; at the mid - stage of pegging, 30 m 2 of water is irrigated per 667 m 3 . In combination with the irrigation, 5 - 8 kg of triple superphosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate are topdressed once; during the pod - setting stage, the soil is irrigated once every 10 - 15 days, with 30 m 2 of water per 667 m 3 . In combination with the irrigation, 5 - 8 kg of diammonium phosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate are topdressed once; during the full - pod and mature stage, 30 m 2 of water is irrigated per 667 m 3 . In combination with the irrigation, 5 - 8 kg of triple superphosphate and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate are topdressed once; 10 - 15 m 2 of water is irrigated 3 - 5 days before harvesting per 667 m 3 , which is beneficial for uprooting. 2) Foliar topdressing. At the early flowering stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc and calcium, as well as amino acid or humic acid liquid fertilizer on the leaves to promote root development and enhance the root's ability to absorb nutrients. At the middle stage of pegging, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc and calcium on the leaves once. At the pod-setting stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing calcium, zinc and magnesium on the leaves once. At the full pod and mature stage, spray a compound foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc and calcium, as well as amino acid on the leaves once. (9) Plant regulation: When the peanut plants show a tendency to grow excessively during the late flowering stage to the pod-setting stage and the plant height is about 40 cm, carry out growth control treatment, and foliar spray 10% Paclobutrazol·Mepiquat Chloride Wettable Powder (Aifeng) at 133 - 167 g per 667 m 2 ², 400 - 800-fold liquid of 5% Uniconazole Wettable Powder (Aizhuang), or 30 - 40 ml of 10% Prohexadione Calcium Suspension Concentrate; (10)Disease, pest and weed control: 1) Disease control. The main diseases of peanuts are leaf spot diseases, and the pests are cutworms and spider mites. For peanut leaf spot diseases, 17% pyraclostrobin · difenoconazole, 25% pyraclostrobin · azoxystrobin, 30% benzyl · propiconazole or 45% pyraclostrobin · tebuconazole can be sprayed evenly and thoroughly on the upper and lower parts of the stems and leaves, with an interval of about 7 days, and alternate the use of drugs, and spray continuously on the leaves 2 times. For controlling white grubs, mole crickets, wireworms and cutworms, use 2% clothianidin · cyfluthrin granules. For controlling spider mites, use 24% abamectin · etoxazole, 27% pyridaben · spirodiclofen or 5% abamectin + 20% pyridaben, spray once every 7 - 10 days, and spray 2 - 3 times continuously, and alternate the use of the above drugs. 2) Weed control. The main weeds are wild field bindweed, foxtail, barnyard grass, green ash-leaved goosefoot, and reed. Control methods: First, manually pick up the grass roots and take them out of the field when plowing and land preparation. Second, use the peanut special herbicide Jindar 72% S-metolachlor EC to spray for soil sealing before sowing after soil rotary tillage. Third, manually pull out. Fourth, intertill and remove. (11)Harvesting at the right time: The appropriate harvesting period of peanuts is mainly judged based on the growth of underground pods and above-ground plants. When most of the underground pods have hard and thin pod shells, clear reticulate vein patterns, plump and full kernels, bright seed coat color, and at the same time, the above-ground plants stop growing, the lower leaves fall off, and the top leaves turn yellow, it is the appropriate harvesting period. Irrigate a small amount of water before harvesting. When harvesting, the soil is relatively loose when held in the hand. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny days. After harvesting peanuts, dry them thoroughly and store them in the warehouse. Protect the pod shells well during the drying and transportation process to prevent the pod shells from breaking. (12) Safe storage: The storage place is required to be dry, low-temperature, well-ventilated, and clean. The relative air humidity is below 70%, the temperature is below 20°C, and the air has no peculiar smell. After storage, it should be regularly turned over and dried to keep it in a dry state.

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