A bone drill

Abstract

The present application discloses a bone drill, comprising an electric drill and a drill rod mounted on the electric drill, a drill bit assembly detachably connected to the drill rod, the drill bit assembly comprising a first drill bit and a second drill bit, either detachably fixedly connected to the drill rod, the first drill bit comprising a spherical cutter head for cutting bone, and the second drill bit comprising a barrel-shaped cutter head for cutting bone. The present invention enables gradual penetration of bone by the first drill bit, and the first drill bit with a spherical cutter head gradually expands the drill bit area from the center toward the periphery, thereby avoiding the problem of conventional bone drills that instantly penetrate bone and damage other healthy tissue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic medical instruments, in particular to a surgical medical instrument for drilling bones, specifically a bone drill. Background Art

[0002] A bone drill is a medical device frequently used in surgical procedures involving bone. Its primary function is to drill holes at specific locations in the bone, facilitating subsequent screw installation or interventional procedures. However, bone drills are currently typically operated by a doctor's hand. Due to the relatively hard nature of bone, a certain amount of positive pressure must be applied to the drill to effectively penetrate or penetrate the bone. This inevitably introduces new surgical risks. When the bone is about to be penetrated, the doctor cannot precisely time the penetration, making it very easy for the drill to damage soft tissue or organs on the other side. The conventional approach to addressing this issue is to have experienced doctors operate the drill to minimize secondary damage. However, manual operation of a bone drill can always damage intact tissue or organs, a significant risk during craniotomy, potentially leading to irreversible brain damage.

[0003] Solving the problem of bone drilling causing damage to other soft tissues can be done from two aspects: first, controlling the feed rate of the bone drill to eliminate the inertia of the bone after being drilled, thereby reducing or avoiding damage to other parts by the drill bit; second, improving the drill bit, switching from bone drilling to bone grinding, and reducing the amount of bone cutting by the drill bit so that the drill bit has a better cutting effect on hard objects and has no obvious cutting effect on soft objects. To this end, the applicant has specially developed a bone drill and drill bit that can effectively reduce damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem that bone drills in the prior art can easily damage other healthy tissues or organs due to inertia when drilling through the bone, causing organ damage or even massive bleeding during surgery, the present application provides a bone drill, which is matched with a drill bit assembly. The drill bit assembly consists of a first drill bit and a second drill bit. The traditional one-time bone drilling is changed to two-time drilling, which can effectively reduce the damage of the drill bit to other healthy tissues or organs and achieve the purpose of precise bone drilling.

[0005] In order to more comprehensively and objectively analyze the practical problems existing in the actual application of existing bone drills and highlight the technical progress of the present invention, the applicant first briefly explains the application scenarios of existing bone drills.

[0006] Taking craniotomy, which is the most risky surgery, as an example, there are generally two ways to open the skull during cranial surgery: one is to make a hole, and the other is to make a large-area craniotomy. For craniotomy, when the bone drill is about to drill through the skull, the drill bit will damage the internal brain tissue if it is not careful. In order to avoid this, some surgeons will increase the craniotomy area instead of local drilling intervention. Although this method can reduce the probability of damaging brain tissue to a certain extent, it will increase the surgical wound surface, and the postoperative recovery and the protection of brain tissue in the later period will also be affected. Therefore, this method is only a compromise method and cannot take into account both reducing risks and reducing the wound surface. To this end, the present invention has made improvements to the bone drill so that even if the drill bit contacts the brain tissue after drilling through the bone, the brain tissue will not be instantly crushed, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the brain tissue.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0008] A bone drill comprises an electric drill and a drill rod mounted on the electric drill, wherein a drill bit assembly is detachably connected to the drill rod, and the drill bit assembly comprises a first drill bit and a second drill bit, either of which is detachably fixedly connected to the drill rod, wherein the first drill bit comprises a spherical cutter head for cutting bones, and the second drill bit comprises a barrel-shaped cutter head for cutting bones.

[0009] Preferably, the first drill bit includes a drill body for being threadedly connected to the drill rod, a spherical cutter head fixedly connected to the drill body, the surface of the spherical cutter head is provided with a plurality of ridges consisting of natural curves, the ridges have a second blade for cutting bones, and a groove for accommodating the cut bone fragments is formed between two adjacent ridges.

[0010] Preferably, the second drill bit includes a drill bit body for threaded connection with the drill rod, a barrel-shaped cutter head fixedly connected to the drill bit body, and the barrel-shaped cutter head is provided with a plurality of inclined first cutting edges on the annular end surface.

[0011] Further preferably, the second drill bit also includes a silicone protective part matching the barrel-shaped cutter head, the silicone protective part includes a silicone guide rod installed in the barrel-shaped cutter head, and a silicone umbrella part integrally connected to the silicone guide rod for separating the barrel-shaped cutter head and soft tissue, the silicone umbrella part has a plurality of radially distributed cracks from the center for separating the silicone umbrella part into a multi-piece structure; the gap between the silicone guide rod and the barrel-shaped cutter head is not less than 1 mm, and the length of the silicone guide rod is less than the internal axial length of the barrel-shaped cutter head.

[0012] In order to accurately control the feed rate of the electric drill, preferably, the electric drill is installed on the second bracket and also includes a first bracket, the first bracket and the second bracket are slidably connected by a guide rod, and a third bracket fixedly connected to the electric drill, a screw rod arranged parallel to the guide rod is fixedly installed on the third bracket, and the first bracket is also fixedly connected to a drive box for driving connection with the screw rod, and the drive box is provided with an adjustment button that is manually screwed to make the screw rod move back and forth in the drive box.

[0013] Further preferably, a scale for indicating the moving distance of the electric drill relative to the first bracket is provided between the third bracket and the first bracket, and a slidable / lockable limiting sleeve is provided on the scale.

[0014] Still further preferably, the third bracket is mounted with a displacement sensor for reading the relative displacement between the scale and the third bracket, and a digital tube for displaying the value read by the displacement sensor.

[0015] Preferably, a drill sleeve for accommodating and limiting the deflection of the drill rod is fixedly mounted on the first bracket.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention can gradually drill through the bone through the first drill bit. The first drill bit with a spherical cutter head can gradually expand the drill bit area from the center to the periphery, thereby avoiding the problem of traditional bone drills instantly drilling through the bone and damaging other healthy tissues.

[0018] The present invention can completely drill through and remove the bone in a predetermined area under the obstruction of the silicone umbrella by the second drill bit, so that the barrel-shaped cutter head of the second drill bit can only contact the silicone umbrella after drilling the bone, avoiding the possibility of damaging other tissues. At the same time, it also avoids the problem of bone fragments being scattered in the surgical area.

[0019] The spherical cutter head provided by the present invention has a groove for accommodating bone debris, thereby preventing bone debris from falling into the surgical area during the bone drilling process, causing problems such as postoperative inflammation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure of area A (illustrated as the second drill bit).

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure of area A (illustration of the first drill bit).

[0024] Figure 4 This is an axonometric view of the second drill bit connected to the drill rod.

[0025] Figure 5 This is an axonometric view of the connection state of the first drill bit and the drill rod.

[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure of area B in the middle.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention using the first drill bit to drill bones.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention using a second drill bit to continue drilling bones based on the first drill bit.

[0029] In the figure: 1-drill bit assembly; 101-drill bit body; 102-barrel-shaped cutter head; 1021-first cutting edge; 103-silicone guide rod; 104-silicone umbrella; 105-slit; 106-spherical cutter head; 107-convex ridge; 108-second cutting edge; 109-groove; 2-drill rod; 3-drill sleeve; 4-first bracket; 5-guide rod; 6-second bracket; 7-electric drill; 8-third bracket; 9-screw; 10-drive box; 11-adjustment button; 12-ruler; 13-limit sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0031] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. In addition, if the terms "first", "second", etc. appear in the description of this application, they are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" in the description of this application does not necessarily imply that a component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0035] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] In conjunction with the instructions Figures 1-6 The bone drill shown includes an electric drill 7 and a drill rod 2 mounted on the electric drill 7, wherein a drill bit assembly 1 is detachably connected to the drill rod 2, and the drill bit assembly 1 includes a first drill bit and a second drill bit, one of which is detachably fixedly connected to the drill rod 2. The first drill bit includes a spherical cutter head 106 for cutting bones, and the second drill bit includes a barrel-shaped cutter head 102 for cutting bones.

[0038] Structure and working principle:

[0039] When drilling bone, the surgical area is first subjected to routine preoperative cleaning, disinfection, and surface treatment. Next, the surgical area is drilled using the spherical cutter head 106 of the first drill bit. In this embodiment, the shape of the spherical cutter head 106 prevents it from instantly penetrating the bone like a conventional drill bit. This structural design avoids the problem of soft tissue damage caused by inertia during bone penetration.

[0040] The first drill bit adopts a wear method instead of the existing cutting method, so that it has a destructive effect on hard bones, but has no obvious destructive ability on soft tissues; after drilling through the bone, the size of the part that penetrates the bone is very small, and the spherical cutter head 106 does not have a deep blade structure and is not destructive to soft tissues. Therefore, at this time, the bone has been drilled through, but the soft tissue or other organs on the other side of the bone will not be damaged.

[0041] At this point, a physical barrier material can be placed between the other side of the bone and soft tissue or other organs through the already drilled hole, preventing the second drill bit from contacting the soft tissue or other organs due to inertia after drilling through the entire bone. Using the first and second drill bits to drill holes separately allows for complete bone removal and creates a surgical access channel, while also effectively preventing the drill bits from damaging other soft tissue or organs, achieving effective bone drilling and preventing secondary injury.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 1 and further combined with the appendix of the specification. Figure 1 and Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the structure of the first drill bit is further optimized and designed. Specifically, the first drill bit includes a drill body 101 for threaded connection with the drill rod 2, a spherical cutter head 106 fixedly connected to the drill body 101, and a plurality of ridges 107 composed of natural curves are provided on the surface of the spherical cutter head 106. The ridges 107 have second cutting edges 108 for cutting bones, and grooves 109 are formed between two adjacent ridges 107 to accommodate the cut bone debris. Figure 6The ridge 107 and the second blade 108 provided on the spherical cutter head 106 shown are very small in size. Usually, the height of the ridge is controlled within 0.5 mm. Wear is used instead of existing cutting to crush the generated bone debris as much as possible, so that it is mixed with blood and a small amount of tissue fluid to form a paste or paste for easy cleaning. The above-mentioned structural design method is advantageous in avoiding the problem of large bone debris scattered in the wound area and causing postoperative complications. At the same time, the design of the groove 109 can not only meet the timely discharge of bone debris, but also effectively accommodate it, so as to facilitate timely observation and cleaning of the wound.

[0044] In this embodiment, the second drill bit is further refined. Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the second drill bit comprises a drill body 101 for threaded connection to the drill rod 2, and a barrel-shaped cutter head 102 fixedly connected to the drill body 101. The barrel-shaped cutter head 102 has a plurality of inclined first cutting edges 1021 disposed on its annular end surface. Similarly, the bone drilling method of the barrel-shaped cutter head 102 is similar to that of the spherical cutter head 106, replacing the existing cutting process with abrasion. This prevents the barrel-shaped cutter head 102 from damaging other soft tissues, a design feature that is one of the main improvements of the present invention.

[0045] Furthermore, the second drill bit also includes a silicone protective part that matches the barrel-shaped cutter head 102, and the silicone protective part includes a silicone guide rod 103 installed in the barrel-shaped cutter head 102, and a silicone umbrella part 104 that is integrally connected to the silicone guide rod 103 and is used to separate the barrel-shaped cutter head 102 and soft tissue. The silicone umbrella part 104 has a plurality of split cracks 105 that are radially distributed from the center and are used to separate the silicone umbrella part 104 into a multi-piece structure; the gap between the silicone guide rod 103 and the barrel-shaped cutter head 102 is not less than 1mm, and the length of the silicone guide rod 103 is less than the internal axial length of the barrel-shaped cutter head 102. When the barrel-shaped cutter head 102 drills through the bone, it can only contact the silicone umbrella part 104, so that the silicone umbrella part 104 protects other tissues or organs to avoid accidental injury. In conjunction with the instructions attached Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, after the first drill bit completes the initial hole opening, the silicone umbrella portion 104 of the second drill bit is placed between the bone and other organs, and the barrel-shaped cutter head 102 is then used to drill and remove the bone. It is worth noting that since the initial hole opened by the first drill bit is often small in diameter, in order to facilitate the smooth insertion of the silicone umbrella portion 104, which has a diameter significantly larger than the initial hole diameter, the silicone umbrella portion 104 can be effectively inserted and installed step by step through the initial hole through the split slit 105. See the following for details. Figure 8 shown.

[0046] Example 3:

[0047] To precisely control the feed rate of the electric drill 7 and avoid unnecessary trauma caused by the inertia of the second drill bit during bone drilling, in this embodiment, the electric drill 7 is mounted on a second bracket 6 and further includes a first bracket 4, which is slidably connected to the second bracket 6 via a guide rod 5, and a third bracket 8 fixedly connected to the electric drill 7. A screw 9, arranged parallel to the guide rod 5, is fixedly mounted on the third bracket 8. The first bracket 4 is also fixedly connected to a drive box 10 for driving the screw 9. The drive box 10 is provided with an adjustment knob 11 that is manually turned to reciprocate the screw 9 within the drive box 10. During use, manually turning the adjustment knob 11 causes the electric drill 7 to move up and down, driven by the screw 9, achieving the purpose of drilling forward, retracting, and stopping drilling, thereby eliminating the problem of secondary injuries caused by inertia. The advantage of adopting this method is that drilling requires manual turning of the adjustment knob 11, while when not in use, the drill assembly 1 remains axially stationary and circumferentially rotates, eliminating the problem of inertia.

[0048] In order to achieve precise drilling, control the feed rate of the drill bit assembly 1, and avoid exceeding the preset feed rate and causing damage to other intact tissues, in this embodiment, a scale 12 is provided between the third bracket 8 and the first bracket 4 to indicate the distance the electric drill 7 has moved relative to the first bracket 4. The scale 12 is provided with a slidable / lockable limit sleeve 13. Further preferably, a displacement sensor for reading the relative displacement between the scale 12 and the third bracket 8, as well as a digital tube for displaying the value read by the displacement sensor, is mounted on the third bracket 8. A drill sleeve 3 is fixedly mounted on the first bracket 4 to accommodate and limit the deflection of the drill rod 2.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A bone drill, comprising an electric drill (7) and a drill rod (2) mounted on the electric drill (7), characterized in that: The drill rod (2) is detachably connected to a drill bit assembly (1), the drill bit assembly (1) comprising a first drill bit and a second drill bit, either of which is detachably fixedly connected to the drill rod (2), the first drill bit comprising a spherical cutter head (106) for cutting bones, and the second drill bit comprising a barrel-shaped cutter head (102) for cutting bones; The second drill bit comprises a drill bit body (101) for being threadedly connected to the drill rod (2), a barrel-shaped cutter head (102) fixedly connected to the drill bit body (101), and a plurality of inclined first cutting edges (1021) are provided on the annular end surface of the barrel-shaped cutter head (102); The second drill bit also includes a silicone protective piece that matches the barrel-shaped cutter head (102), and the silicone protective piece includes a silicone guide rod (103) installed in the barrel-shaped cutter head (102), and a silicone umbrella (104) that is integrally connected to the silicone guide rod (103) and is used to separate the barrel-shaped cutter head (102) and soft tissue, and the silicone umbrella (104) has a plurality of split cracks (105) that are radially distributed in the center and are used to separate the silicone umbrella (104) into a multi-piece structure; the gap between the silicone guide rod (103) and the barrel-shaped cutter head (102) is not less than 1 mm, and the length of the silicone guide rod (103) is less than the internal axial length of the barrel-shaped cutter head (102); after the first drill bit completes the initial hole opening, the silicone umbrella (104) of the second drill bit is placed between the bone and other organs, and then the barrel-shaped cutter head (102) is used to drill and extract the bone.

2. A bone drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first drill bit comprises a drill bit body (101) for being threadedly connected to the drill rod (2), a spherical cutter head (106) fixedly connected to the drill bit body (101), a surface of the spherical cutter head (106) being provided with a plurality of ridges (107) consisting of natural curves, the ridges (107) being provided with second cutting edges (108) for cutting bones, and a groove (109) for accommodating cut bone debris being formed between two adjacent ridges (107).

3. A bone drill according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The electric drill (7) is mounted on the second bracket (6) and further comprises a first bracket (4), wherein the first bracket (4) and the second bracket (6) are slidably connected via a guide rod (5), and a third bracket (8) fixedly connected to the electric drill (7), wherein a screw rod (9) arranged parallel to the guide rod (5) is fixedly mounted on the third bracket (8), and the first bracket (4) is further fixedly connected to a drive box (10) for drivingly connecting to the screw rod (9), and the drive box (10) is provided with an adjusting button (11) that is manually screwed to allow the screw rod (9) to reciprocate in the drive box (10).

4. The bone drill according to claim 3, characterized in that: A scale (12) for indicating the moving distance of the electric drill (7) relative to the first bracket (4) is provided between the third bracket (8) and the first bracket (4), and a slidable / lockable limiting sleeve (13) is provided on the scale (12).

5. The bone drill according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third bracket (8) is provided with a displacement sensor for reading the relative displacement between the scale (12) and the third bracket (8), and a digital tube for displaying the value read by the displacement sensor.

6. The bone drill according to claim 5, characterized in that: A drill sleeve (3) for accommodating and limiting the deflection of the drill rod (2) is fixedly mounted on the first bracket (4).

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