Method and device for detecting live parts of an enclosed electrical appliance

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of closed electrical equipment electrified position detection method and detection device, comprising: using magnetism sensor group acquisition to be measured equipment magnetic signal, and magnetic signal is converted into electric signal;According to electric signal generation characteristic waveform diagram;According to characteristic waveform diagram and preset discharge defect characteristic diagram are compared, determine the discharge type and discharge number of to-be-measured equipment;According to the structure of to-be-measured equipment, discharge type and discharge number, construct to-be-measured equipment magnetic field model;According to to-be-measured equipment magnetic field model and preset to-be-measured equipment normal magnetic field model are compared, determine the discharge position of to-be-measured equipment.The application collects magnetic signal in to-be-measured equipment, reduces interference, and facilitates the accuracy of subsequent detection, and internal processing electric signal, can directly locate the position of discharge in to-be-measured equipment, facilitate subsequent development solution measures, improve the accuracy of detection and detection efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of live-line detection, and in particular to a method and device for detecting the live position of a closed electrical appliance. Background Technology

[0002] Substations widely employ enclosed equipment such as switchgear and GIS switchgear, whose internal conditions are difficult to observe with the naked eye. Over long periods of operation, defects within this equipment are difficult to detect in a timely manner, easily developing and escalating to cause power equipment failure. Currently, live-line detection technologies such as ultrasonic waves, transient ground voltage, and ultraviolet light are available to inspect the internal conditions of these devices.

[0003] Currently, all live-line testing technologies have blind spots, making it difficult to detect all defects inside enclosed electrical appliances. Moreover, the live-line testing instruments currently used mainly detect electrical signals, sound waves, and thermal radiation signals. Near electrical equipment, these three signals are subject to interference from various sources, which is uncertain and difficult to eliminate through simple data calculations. This results in large measurement errors, making it difficult to detect internal faults and defects in a timely manner, let alone locate the discharge position of discharge components inside the electrical equipment.

[0004] In summary, it can be seen that how to achieve high-precision measurement of internal faults is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a closed electrical liveness detection device and method for measuring magnetic signals, which solves the problem of large measurement errors caused by numerous interference signals in existing detection equipment.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for detecting the energized position of a closed electrical appliance, comprising:

[0007] A magnetoelectric sensor array is used to collect the magnetic signal of the device under test and convert the magnetic signal into an electrical signal.

[0008] A characteristic waveform diagram is generated based on the electrical signal;

[0009] The discharge type and number of discharges of the device under test are determined by comparing the characteristic waveform diagram with the preset discharge defect characteristic diagram.

[0010] Based on the structure of the device under test, the discharge type, and the number of discharges, a magnetic field model of the device under test is constructed.

[0011] The discharge location of the device under test is determined by comparing the magnetic field model of the device under test with the preset normal magnetic field model of the device under test.

[0012] Preferably, the step of acquiring the magnetic signal of the device under test using a magnetoelectric sensor array and converting the magnetic signal into an electrical signal includes:

[0013] Place the magnetoelectric sensor assembly in the air surrounding the device under test;

[0014] The ambient magnetic signal around the device under test is collected and converted into an ambient electrical signal for storage.

[0015] Preferably, the step of generating a characteristic waveform based on the electrical signal includes:

[0016] Remove the environmental electrical signal from the electrical signal based on the environmental electrical signal;

[0017] The electrical signal is amplified using an amplifier circuit.

[0018] Preferably, the step of determining the discharge type and number of discharges of the device under test by comparing the characteristic waveform diagram with a preset discharge defect characteristic diagram includes:

[0019] The abnormal waveforms in the feature waveform diagram are extracted to obtain multiple abnormal waveform diagrams;

[0020] Initialize the abnormal waveform diagram number i = 1, i ∈ R, the discharge defect diagram number k = 1, k = 1, 2, 3, 4, j = 0, and R is the total number of abnormal waveform diagrams;

[0021] S41: Determine if i is less than or equal to R. If i ≤ R, execute step S42. If i > R, output the discharge type and number of discharges for each abnormal waveform.

[0022] S42: Determine the similarity between the i-th abnormal waveform diagram and the k-th discharge defect diagram;

[0023] S43: If the similarity is less than the preset similarity, then proceed to step S44; if the similarity is greater than or equal to the preset similarity, then proceed to step S45.

[0024] S44: Let k = k + 1. When k > 4, store the abnormal waveform in the review abnormal waveform set. Let i = i + 1, k = 1, and return to step S42. When k ≤ 4, return to step S42.

[0025] S45: Use the discharge defect feature as the feature of the i-th abnormal waveform, the number of discharges j = j + 1, let i = i + 1, and return to step S42;

[0026] The discharge types include: tip discharge, suspension discharge, insulating gas discharge, and free particle discharge.

[0027] Preferably, constructing the magnetic field model of the device under test based on the structure of the device under test, the discharge type, and the number of discharges includes:

[0028] Based on the structure of the device under test, a 3D model of the device under test is constructed.

[0029] The discharge type and the number of discharges are input into the 3D model of the device under test to construct the magnetic field model of the device under test.

[0030] Preferably, determining the discharge location of the device under test by comparing the magnetic field model of the device under test with a preset normal magnetic field model of the device under test includes:

[0031] The magnetic field model of the device under test is compared with the preset normal model of the device under test to obtain the difference magnetic field information;

[0032] Based on the differential magnetic field information, the discharge location and the discharging component of the device under test are calculated;

[0033] The steps for constructing the preset normal magnetic field model of the device under test are as follows:

[0034] Based on the structure of the device under test, a 3D model of the device under test is constructed.

[0035] The voltage and current of the device under test during normal operation are input into the 3D model of the device under test to construct the preset normal magnetic field model of the device under test.

[0036] Preferably, the step of determining the discharge location of the device under test based on the magnetic field model of the device under test, the discharge type, and the number of discharges includes:

[0037] The discharge locations and discharge types of the device under test are statistically analyzed to generate an analysis report.

[0038] Based on the analysis report, the discharge component in the device under test is identified, and the discharge component is replaced or cleaned and repaired.

[0039] The present invention also provides a device for detecting the energized position of a closed electrical appliance, comprising:

[0040] A magnetoelectric sensor array is used to collect magnetic signals from the device under test and convert the magnetic signals into electrical signals.

[0041] The data transmission line has its input end connected to the output port of the magnetoelectric sensor group and is used to transmit the electrical signals of the magnetoelectric sensor group.

[0042] A microprocessor, with its input connected to the output of the data transmission line, is used to process the electrical signal and determine the discharge location of the device under test. The microprocessor includes:

[0043] The signal processing module includes a signal amplification unit and a magnetic field feedback unit. The signal amplification unit amplifies the electrical signal, and the magnetic field feedback unit is used to remove interference signals.

[0044] An image generation module is used to generate a feature waveform image from the electrical signal;

[0045] The intelligent analysis module is used to analyze the discharge type and number of discharges of the device under test;

[0046] A magnetic field module is constructed to build a magnetic field model diagram of the device under test based on the discharge type and number of discharges and the model of the device under test.

[0047] The comparative analysis module is used to compare the magnetic field model diagram of the device under test with the preset model diagram of the device under test to determine the discharge location of the device under test.

[0048] Preferably, the function button is located on the outside of the detection device for adjusting the required function;

[0049] The display is embedded in the detection device;

[0050] A data transmission interface is located on the side of the detection device and is used for data transmission with the microcontroller;

[0051] A charging interface is provided, which is arranged side by side with the data transmission interface.

[0052] Preferably, the magnetoelectric sensor group includes three magnetoelectric sensors arranged in an equilateral triangle, with the output terminal of each magnetoelectric sensor connected to the input terminal of the data transmission line.

[0053] This invention provides a method for detecting the discharge location of a sealed electrical appliance. It acquires magnetic signals from the device under test (DUT), which have minimal interference and can be easily removed. The magnetic signals are then converted into electrical signals, and characteristic waveforms are generated. These waveforms are compared with a preset discharge defect diagram to determine the discharge type and number. A magnetic field model of the DUT is then simulated and compared with a normal DUT magnetic field model to determine the discharge location. This invention acquires magnetic signals, reducing interference from other signals and improving the accuracy of subsequent detection. Furthermore, the internal processing of the electrical signals allows for direct location of the discharge within the DUT, facilitating the development of solutions and improving detection accuracy, ultimately enabling subsequent repair and replacement of the discharged components. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] Figure 1 A structural diagram of the enclosed electrical live-line detection device for measuring magnetic signals provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the steps of the method for detecting live magnetic signals in a partially enclosed electrical appliance provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the steps for determining the discharge type in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 The block diagram of the module structure for closed-loop electrical live detection of measuring magnetic signals provided by the present invention;

[0059] The diagram is labeled as follows: Detection device 1, Magnetoelectric sensor group 2, Data transmission line 3, Function button 4, Up / Down / Left / Right button 41, Setting button 42, Display switching button 43, Function change button 44, Data recording button 45, Data storage button 46, Instrument power switch button 47, Display 5, Charging interface 6, Data transmission interface 7. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The core of this invention is to provide a method and device for detecting the discharge location of a closed electrical appliance. By collecting the magnetic signal of the device under test, the discharge fault location of the device under test is detected, avoiding interference from other signals, and improving detection accuracy and efficiency.

[0061] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates a first specific embodiment of the method for detecting the discharge position of a sealed electrical appliance provided by the present invention; the specific steps are as follows:

[0063] Step S101: Collect the magnetic signal of the device under test using a magnetoelectric sensor array, and convert the magnetic signal into an electrical signal;

[0064] Step S102: Generate a characteristic waveform diagram based on the electrical signal;

[0065] Step S103: Compare the characteristic waveform diagram with the preset discharge defect characteristic diagram to determine the discharge type and number of discharges of the device under test;

[0066] Step S104: Construct a magnetic field model of the device under test based on the structure of the device under test, the discharge type, and the number of discharges;

[0067] Step S105: Compare the magnetic field model of the device under test with the preset normal magnetic field model of the device under test to determine the discharge position of the device under test.

[0068] In this embodiment, a magnetoelectric sensor is used to collect the magnetic signal of the device under test (DUT). Considering the low interference of magnetic signals, the magnetic signal is then converted into an electrical signal to generate a characteristic waveform. The abnormal waveform in the generated characteristic waveform is compared with the characteristic waveform of the discharge defect to determine the type and number of discharges. Then, based on the discharge type, number of discharges, and the structure of the DUT, the magnetic field of the DUT is simulated. The simulated magnetic field is compared with a standard magnetic field to determine the discharge location in the DUT, and the discharge component is located based on the discharge location in the model. This invention uses a magnetic signal with low interference as the basis for discharge detection, reducing interference from other signals and improving the accuracy of subsequent detection. Furthermore, the internal processing of the electrical signal allows for direct location of the discharge in the DUT, improving the accuracy of charged location detection and facilitating subsequent repair and replacement of the discharge component.

[0069] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment describes in more detail the method for detecting the discharge position of enclosed electrical appliances. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 , Figure 2 The flowchart of a second specific embodiment of the method for detecting the discharge position of a closed electrical appliance provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0070] Step S201: Place the magnetoelectric sensor assembly in the air surrounding the enclosed electrical appliance;

[0071] Step S202: Collect the ambient magnetic signal around the enclosed electrical appliance and convert the ambient magnetic signal into an ambient electrical signal for storage;

[0072] Before testing, three magnetoelectric sensors are placed in the air surrounding the device under test to measure the magnetic field conditions. The data is then entered into the magnetic field feedback module via the function adjustment button. In subsequent formal measurements, the transmitted data is processed by the magnetic field feedback module to remove the ambient magnetic field, reducing errors.

[0073] Step S203: Collect the magnetic signal of the enclosed electrical appliance using the magnetoelectric sensor group, and convert the magnetic signal into an electrical signal;

[0074] Arrange three magnetoelectric sensors in an equilateral triangle on the device under test and let it stand for 1 minute. The three magnetoelectric sensors will convert the magnetic signals sensed inside the device into electrical signals and transmit the signals collected by the magnetoelectric sensors back to the instrument through the data transmission line.

[0075] Step S204: The electrical signal is amplified in the input amplifier circuit, and the interference signal in the electrical signal is removed by using the ambient electrical signal;

[0076] Step S205: Input the processed electrical signal into the image generation module to generate a feature waveform image;

[0077] Step S206: Compare the characteristic waveform diagram with the discharge defect characteristic diagram to obtain the discharge type and number of discharges of the device under test;

[0078] The electrical signal is amplified by inputting it into an amplifier circuit to remove interference from environmental electrical signals, and then the signal is input into an image generation module to obtain a characteristic waveform.

[0079] Extract the abnormal waveform from the characteristic waveform image and compare it with the discharge defect characteristic image. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 , Figure 3 The flowchart for determining the discharge type in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below, with comparison steps as follows;

[0080] Initialize the abnormal waveform diagram number i = 1, i ∈ R, the discharge defect diagram number k = 1, k = 1, 2, 3, 4, j = 0, and R is the total number of abnormal waveform diagrams;

[0081] S1: Determine if i is less than or equal to R. If i ≤ R, execute step S2. If i > R, output the discharge type and number of discharges for each abnormal waveform.

[0082] S2: Determine the similarity between the i-th abnormal waveform diagram and the k-th discharge defect diagram;

[0083] S3: If the similarity is less than the preset similarity, proceed to step S4; if the similarity is greater than or equal to the preset similarity, proceed to step S5.

[0084] S4: Let k = k + 1. When k > 4, store the abnormal waveform in the review abnormal waveform set, let i = i + 1, k = 1, and return to step S2; when k ≤ 4, return to step S2.

[0085] S5: Use the discharge defect feature as the feature of the i-th abnormal waveform, the number of discharges j = j + 1, let i = i + 1, and return to step S2;

[0086] The discharge types include: tip discharge, suspension discharge, insulating gas discharge, and free particle discharge.

[0087] The abnormal waveforms in the review abnormal waveform set are re-evaluated, and the number of discharges and discharge types are updated.

[0088] The following are the characteristics of four types of discharge:

[0089] Tip discharge occurs at high or low potential metal burrs or tips, with small amplitude dispersion and uniform time intervals. The initial stage of discharge typically occurs only during the negative half-cycle of the power frequency phase.

[0090] Suspension discharge, or suspension potential body discharge, is a partial discharge generated by a loose metal component. This type of discharge pulse has a stable amplitude, and the time interval between adjacent discharges is basically consistent. When the suspended metal body is asymmetrical, the positive and negative half-wave detection signals show a polarity difference.

[0091] Insulating gas discharge, specifically internal air gap discharge within insulating components, is primarily caused by defects such as internal cracks and air gaps in the solid insulation. This type of discharge occurs infrequently and has low periodicity. The discharge amplitude is also relatively dispersed, but the discharge phase is relatively stable, with no obvious polarity effect.

[0092] Free particle discharge and free metal particle discharge are partial discharges between metal particles and between metal particles and metal components. These discharges have a wide amplitude distribution, unstable discharge time intervals, and no obvious polarity effect; discharge signals are distributed throughout the entire power frequency cycle phase.

[0093] Step S207: Construct a 3D model of the enclosed electrical appliance and simulate the magnetic field model of the enclosed electrical appliance according to the discharge type and number of discharges;

[0094] Based on the structure of the device under test, a 3D model of the device under test is constructed.

[0095] The discharge type and the number of discharges are input into the 3D model of the device under test to construct the magnetic field model of the device under test;

[0096] A 3D magnetic field model of the enclosed device under test was simulated using three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation software (CST).

[0097] Step S208: Compare the magnetic field model of the enclosed electrical appliance with the magnetic field model of the normal enclosed electrical appliance to determine the discharge location;

[0098] The specific steps for simulating a 3D magnetic field model of a closed device using the 3D electromagnetic field simulation software (CST) are as follows:

[0099] Collect structural information of enclosed equipment and construct a 3D model of the enclosed circuit;

[0100] The current and voltage of the closed circuit during normal operation are collected, and the normal operating current and voltage are input into the 3D model of the device under test to simulate the magnetic field of each component in the device under test, thereby obtaining the normal magnetic field model of the closed electrical appliance.

[0101] The magnetic field model of the simulated device under test is compared with the normal magnetic field model of a closed electrical appliance to obtain information on the difference in magnetic field.

[0102] Based on the differential magnetic field information, the discharge location and the component discharging from the device under test are calculated.

[0103] Step S209: Based on the discharge type and location, prepare an analysis report and provide corresponding repair methods.

[0104] In this embodiment, the magnetic field environment around the enclosed equipment is first acquired and stored. Then, the magnetic field information of the enclosed equipment is acquired, amplified, and processed to remove interference. Finally, it is converted into an electrical signal. An image module is then used to generate a characteristic waveform image from the electrical signal. This waveform is compared with a discharge defect characteristic image to determine the discharge type and number of discharges. A magnetic field model of the equipment is then simulated and compared with a standard magnetic field model to determine the discharge location of the equipment under test. This invention measures the ambient magnetic field around the equipment under test, removes interference from the ambient magnetic field on the measurement signal, improves detection accuracy, facilitates subsequent detection, and internally processes the electrical signal to directly locate the discharge location in the equipment under test, improving the accuracy of charged location detection and facilitating subsequent repair and replacement of discharged components.

[0105] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The structural diagram of the enclosed electrical live-line detection device for measuring magnetic signals provided by the present invention is shown below; the specific structure is as follows:

[0106] Testing device 1 is equipped with a protective casing.

[0107] Magnetoelectric sensor group 2 consists of three magnetoelectric sensors arranged in an equilateral triangle to collect magnetic signals from the device under test and convert the collected magnetic signals into electrical signals.

[0108] Data transmission line 3 connects the detection equipment and the magnetoelectric induction group, and is used to transmit the electrical signal of the magnetoelectric induction group to the magnetoelectric induction group.

[0109] Function buttons 4, located on the outside of the testing equipment, include: up / down / left / right buttons 41, setting button 42, display switching button 43, function change button 44, data recording button 45, data storage button 46, and instrument power button 47. The up / down / left / right buttons are used to switch and select menus after entering them; the setting button is used to enter menus for language selection, screen brightness, etc.; the function adjustment button is used to set parameters and switch internal intelligent functions; the recording button is used to retrieve images and data stored in memory; the storage button is used to store the images and data currently displayed on the screen; and the switching button is used to switch the content displayed on the screen.

[0110] Display 5, embedded in the testing equipment, uses an LED display screen;

[0111] Charging port 6 is located on the side of the testing device, next to the data transmission interface.

[0112] Data transmission interface 7 is located on the side of the detection device and is used for data interaction with the microcontroller.

[0113] A microcontroller is installed inside the testing equipment to process electrical signals and determine the discharge location in the device under test.

[0114] This invention utilizes a magnetoelectric sensor to collect magnetic signals from the device under test (DUT) and convert them into electrical signals. These electrical signals are then transmitted to a microcontroller within the DUT via a data transmission line. A characteristic waveform of the electrical signal is then generated and displayed on a screen. Function buttons allow for selection, recording, storage, and other related operations. Based on the characteristic waveform, the discharge type, number of discharges, and DUT model are determined. A simulated internal magnetic field model is built into the DUT and compared with a normal magnetic field model to pinpoint the discharge location, generating an analysis report. Furthermore, this invention allows switching to a manual input module to input the discharge type, number of discharges, and DUT model, resulting in more accurate detection of the DUT's discharge status. The device of this invention uses magnetic signals to detect the discharge location of the DUT. Compared to existing technologies that rely on electrical signals, acoustic signals, and thermal radiation signals, which are subject to numerous interference sources, this invention reduces interference at the source, improving measurement accuracy.

[0115] Advantages compared to existing technologies:

[0116] First, this detection device collects magnetic data. Compared to the widely used methods for collecting electrical data, magnetic fields are only affected by magnetic materials such as iron and nickel, while electric fields can be affected by various types of materials. The material used in the enclosed equipment casing has a greater impact on the electric field but a smaller impact on the magnetic field. It is less affected by external magnetic fields.

[0117] Secondly, through the equilateral triangle arrangement sampling and the device's intelligent data processing module, the defect location can be directly located by the detected data and the setting of personnel parameters, making it convenient to formulate solutions.

[0118] Third, the detection device has a dedicated shielding layer and signal amplifier, which can effectively improve data reliability.

[0119] Fourth, the detection device uses magnetic signals, which can complement other detection methods that use electrical signals, and comprehensively uncover internal defects in enclosed equipment.

[0120] Fifth, the testing equipment can input newly created equipment structures and magnetic fields, and can also modify existing integrated equipment structures and magnetic fields, thus having good scalability.

[0121] Sixth, the instrument has both a fully intelligent mode and a semi-intelligent mode with manual parameter adjustments, allowing for precise testing by highly skilled personnel and rapid testing by ordinary personnel. While the fully intelligent testing by ordinary personnel may differ in terms of precise location, it remains accurate in the preliminary assessment of the nature of defects, facilitating a clear understanding of the equipment's condition and providing data support for condition-based maintenance.

[0122] A specific embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described closed-loop charged detection method for measuring magnetic signals.

[0123] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the method section.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0125] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented directly by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can be located in random access memory (RAM), main memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0126] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the enclosed electrical liveness detection device and method for measuring magnetic signals provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of detecting an energized location of an enclosed electrical appliance, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Collecting the magnetic signal of the device to be tested by using a magnetic-electric sensor group, and converting the magnetic signal into an electric signal; Generating a characteristic waveform diagram according to the electric signal; Comparing the characteristic waveform diagram with a preset discharge defect characteristic diagram to determine the discharge type and discharge number of the device to be tested; According to the structure of the device to be tested, the discharge type and the discharge number, a magnetic field model of the device to be tested is constructed; Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: According to the structure of the device to be tested, a 3D model of the device to be tested is constructed; The discharge type and the discharge number are input into the 3D model of the device to be tested to construct the magnetic field model of the device to be tested; According to the comparison between the magnetic field model of the device to be tested and a normal magnetic field model of the device to be tested, the discharge position of the device to be tested is determined; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: The magnetic field model of the device to be tested is compared with the preset normal model of the device to be tested to obtain difference magnetic field information; According to the difference magnetic field information, the discharge position of the device to be tested and the discharged component are calculated; The construction steps of the normal magnetic field model of the device to be tested are as follows: According to the structure of the device to be tested, a 3D model of the device to be tested is constructed; The voltage and current of the device to be tested during normal operation are input into the 3D model of the device to be tested to construct the preset normal magnetic field model of the device to be tested.

2. The method for detecting the energized position of a closed electrical appliance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before the step of collecting the magnetic signal of the device to be tested by using a magnetic-electric sensor group and converting the magnetic signal into an electric signal, the method comprises the following steps: The magnetic-electric sensor group is placed in the air around the device to be tested; The environmental magnetic signal around the device to be tested is collected, and the environmental magnetic signal is converted into an environmental electric signal for storage.

3. The method for detecting the energized position of a closed electrical appliance as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating a characteristic waveform diagram according to the electric signal comprises the following steps: The environmental electric signal is removed from the electric signal according to the environmental electric signal; The electric signal is amplified by using an amplification circuit.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the energized location of the enclosed electrical appliance is performed by a method comprising: The step of comparing the characteristic waveform diagram with a preset discharge defect characteristic diagram to determine the discharge type and discharge number of the device to be tested comprises the following steps: Abnormal waveforms in the characteristic waveform diagram are intercepted to obtain a plurality of abnormal waveform diagrams; An abnormal waveform diagram sequence number i is initialized as i = 1, i ∈ R, a discharge defect diagram sequence number k is initialized as k = 1, k = 1, 2, 3, 4, and j = 0, R being the total number of abnormal waveform diagrams; S41: It is judged whether i is less than or equal to R. When i ≤ R, step S42 is executed; when i > R, the discharge type and discharge number of each abnormal waveform diagram are output; S42: It is judged whether the similarity between the i-th abnormal waveform diagram and the k-th discharge defect diagram; S43: When the similarity is less than a preset similarity, step S44 is executed; when the similarity is greater than or equal to the preset similarity, step S45 is executed; S44: k = k + 1 is set, when k > 4, the abnormal waveform diagram is stored in a review abnormal waveform diagram set, i = i + 1 is set, k = 1 is set, and step S42 is returned; when k ≤ 4, step S42 is returned; S45: taking the discharge defect feature as a feature of the i-th abnormal waveform chart, taking the discharge number j = j + 1, taking i = i + 1, and returning to step S42; The discharge type includes: tip discharge, floating discharge, insulating gas discharge, and free particle discharge.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the live position of the enclosed electrical appliance is characterized by, The step of determining the discharge position of the device under test according to the discharge type and the discharge number and the device under test magnetic field model comprises: Counting the discharge position of the device under test and the discharge type to form an analysis report; Based on the analysis report, the discharge component in the device under test is determined, and the discharge component is replaced or cleaned and maintained.

6. An apparatus for detecting an energized location of an enclosed electrical appliance, comprising: Comprise: A magnetoelectric sensor group is used to collect the magnetic signal of the device under test and convert the magnetic signal into an electric signal. A data transmission line is connected to the output port of the magnetoelectric sensor group and is used to transmit the electric signal of the magnetoelectric sensor group. A microprocessor is connected to the output end of the data transmission line and is used to process the electric signal to determine the discharge position of the device under test. The microprocessor comprises: A signal processing module, the signal processing module comprises a signal amplification unit and a magnetic field feedback unit, the signal amplification unit amplifies the electric signal, and the magnetic field feedback unit is used to remove interference signals; An image generation module is used to generate a characteristic waveform chart from the electric signal; An intelligent analysis module is used to analyze the discharge type and the discharge number of the device under test; A magnetic field construction module is used to construct a device under test magnetic field model according to the discharge type and the discharge number of the device under test and the model of the device under test; it specifically comprises: According to the structure of the device under test, a 3D model of the device under test is constructed; The discharge type and the discharge number are input into the 3D model of the device under test to construct the device under test magnetic field model; a comparative analysis module is used to compare the device under test magnetic field model chart and the preset device under test model chart to determine the discharge position of the device under test; it specifically comprises: Compare the device under test magnetic field model with the preset device under test normal model to obtain difference magnetic field information; According to the difference magnetic field information, the discharge position of the device under test and the discharge component are calculated. The construction steps of the device under test normal magnetic field model are: According to the structure of the device under test, a 3D model of the device under test is constructed; 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the electrically conductive member is a wire. The voltage and current of the device under test during normal operation are input into the 3D model of the device under test to construct the preset device under test normal magnetic field model. Further comprise: A function button is arranged on the outside of the device under test and is used to adjust the required function; A display is embedded in the device under test; A data transmission interface is arranged on the side of the device under test and is used for data transmission with a single-chip microcomputer; 8. The apparatus for detecting a live position of a closed electrical appliance according to claim 6, wherein A charging interface is arranged side by side with the data transmission interface. The magnetoelectric sensor group comprises three magnetoelectric sensors arranged in an equilateral triangle, and the output end of each magnetoelectric sensor is connected to the input end of the data transmission line.

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