Metabolic inhibitor that has the effect of inhibiting sulfide production in harsh environments

Abstract

The present application discloses a method for providing a metabolic inhibitor composition based on an N-hydroxyformamide compound, which has been shown to inhibit sulfide production under anaerobic conditions. The composition is suitable for use in underground, drilling and exploration applications and other harsh environment applications including mining, metal industry extraction and sewage treatment, as well as non-harsh environment applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting sulfide production by contacting a hostile environment with an N-hydroxycarboxamide-based metabolic inhibitor composition in the presence or absence of a biocide. Background Art

[0002] The generation of sulfides, particularly hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is initiated by introducing a sulfate or other sulfur-containing aqueous solution into the anaerobic environment of endogenous microorganisms and microorganisms contained in an aqueous, oily, hydrocarbon system or any other system that can produce hydrogen sulfide.

[0003] Hydrogen sulfide is toxic, corrosive and flammable and often causes problems in both the upstream and downstream oil and gas industries. Exposure, even at low concentrations, can cause serious injury or death. Considerable expense and effort is spent each year to reduce the H2S content of oil and gas streams to make them suitable for commercial use. Therefore, there is a need for an effective method to inhibit the generation of hydrogen sulfide and reduce the growth or kill the microorganisms responsible for the production of hydrogen sulfide.

[0004] It is well known that hydroxamic acids are used in the literature as histone deacetylase inhibitor drugs with strong antimalarial activity. It has also been reported in the literature that these hydroxamic acids are used in medicines due to their therapeutic potential in the treatment of various tumors and cancers, for example, as described in the chapter "Therapeutic Areas II: Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation & Immunology and Dermatology" by H. Weinmann, E. Ottow in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II, 2007.

[0005] The article "Synthesis and activities of naphthalimide azoles as a new type of antibacterial and antifungal agents" by Yi-Yi Zhang, Cheng-He Zhou has described the use of naphthalimide derivatives as antimicrobial agents. The article describes methods of killing microorganisms by using these derivatives and attributes these effects to the naphthalimide backbone. These compounds can also enhance drug properties, indicating that the backbone can have a biocidal effect and that addition can improve efficacy.

[0006] The article "Synthesis, Evaluation Antimicrobial Activity of Some New N-substituted Naphthalimides Containing Different Heterocyclic Rings" by Mohammed R. Ahmad, Suaad MH Al-Majidi and Ayad Kareem Khan discloses the antibacterial activity of some newly synthesized naphthalimides linked to four-membered or five-membered heterocyclic rings against four types of pathogenic bacteria and one type of fungi. These compounds were found to have moderate to high antimicrobial activity.

[0007] The article "Antimicrobial activity of N-phthaloylamino acid hydroxamates" by Julija Matijevi-Sosa and Zdenka Cvetnic describes the antibacterial and antifungal activity of N-phthaloylamino acid hydroxamates. The hydroxamates were found to inhibit growth by chelating the PDF enzyme metal in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the LpxC enzyme in Gram-negative enzymes. The phthalimides appear to contribute to the inhibition by destabilizing the m-RNA, while the antifungal activity was not well expressed.

[0008] The use of naphthalimide derivatives N,N'-dialkyl-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide in the oil and gas industry has been disclosed in US 5279967 A. These compounds have been used to identify and track hydrocarbons using fluorescent marker compounds.

[0009] US 6358746 B1 discloses the use of naphthalimide derivatives in industrial aqueous solutions for use as fluorescent tracers in water systems such as in the oil industry.

[0010] Both patents describe the use of derivatives in oil and gas applications, but they do not describe their use in harsh environments, particularly anaerobic conditions, to suppress sulfide production.

[0011] Hydroxamate-based compounds have been shown to have antimicrobial activity; however, a disadvantage is that most hydroxamates do not have the stability and efficacy to function in harsh environments. The problem to be solved is to provide a method for providing a composition that can inhibit the production of sulfide by sulfide-producing organisms under anaerobic conditions. Summary of the invention

[0012] The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the generation of sulfide, the method comprising:

[0013] (i) providing a composition comprising at least one compound having structure 1:

[0014]

[0015] Wherein, Z: C(O)NHOH or C(Y)(R),

[0016] Y: hydrogen, C6 aromatic group, C6 heteroaromatic group, C6 aliphatic cyclic group or alicyclic group, hetero groups such as nitro, phosphate, hydroxyl,

[0017] R: a carbon (n=1-10) straight or branched chain compound terminated with N-hydroxyformamide, carboxylic acid, alcohol or N-hydroxyformamide,

[0018] X: hydrogen, OH, NH2, halogen, carbon (n = 1-3) straight chain or branched chain compound; and

[0019] (ii) contacting the composition with sulfide-producing bacteria under anaerobic conditions to inhibit sulfide production.

[0020] The present invention also relates to a method for inhibiting the generation of sulfide, the method comprising:

[0021] (i) providing a composition comprising at least one compound having structure 2:

[0022]

[0023] Wherein, W is: hydrogen, a carbon (n=1-10) straight or branched chain compound optionally terminated with hydroxyamide, carboxylic acid, alcohol or N-hydroxyformamide, a C6 aromatic group, a C6 heteroaromatic group, a C6 aliphatic cyclic group or an alicyclic group; and

[0024] (ii) contacting the composition with sulfide-producing bacteria under anaerobic conditions to inhibit sulfide production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] These compositions have demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting sulfide production. These compositions are suitable for use in aqueous environments where sulfides are present including downhole, drilling and exploration applications and oil and gas environments and other harsh environment applications including mining, metal industry extraction and sewage and wastewater treatment, as well as non-harsh environment applications.

[0026] In describing the present invention, a number of terms are used. Unless otherwise specified, these terms are defined as follows:

[0027] As used herein, the articles "a / an" and "the" before the elements or components of the present invention are intended to be non-limiting in terms of the number of instances (i.e., occurrences) of the elements or components. Therefore, "a / an" and "the" should be understood to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of an element or component also includes the plural, unless the number obviously means the singular.

[0028] As used herein, the term "comprising" means the presence of the described features, integers, steps or components as mentioned in the claims, without excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups. The term "comprising" is intended to include embodiments covered by the terms "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of." Similarly, the term "consisting essentially of is intended to include embodiments covered by the term "consisting of."

[0029] As used herein, the term "about" modifying the amount of an ingredient or reactant used refers to variations in quantity that may occur in the real world, for example, through: typical measuring and liquid handling procedures for making concentrates or using solutions; unintentional errors in these procedures; differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of ingredients used to make the compositions or perform the methods; etc.

[0030] Where present, all ranges are inclusive and combinable. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is listed, the listed range should be interpreted as including ranges of "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", etc.

[0031] As used herein, absorbance relates to the measurement of a substance's ability to absorb incident light of a specific wavelength. Absorbance is used to quantify a specific substance.

[0032] As used herein, aerobic conditions relate to conditions under which microorganisms grow in the presence of oxygen.

[0033] As used herein, anaerobic conditions relate to conditions under which microorganisms grow in the absence of oxygen.

[0034] As used herein, efficacy relates to the ability of the compound being tested to inhibit H2S.

[0035] As used herein, counting plates involves giving the logarithmic growth of a microbial sample by inoculating a plate containing fresh medium and serially diluting ten-fold. These plates are then incubated for a certain period of time. This helps determine the number of microorganisms present in the original sample.

[0036] As used herein, a harsh environment involves the presence of extreme conditions where it is difficult for life forms to survive, for example, extremely high or low temperatures, extremely high or low pressures, high or low levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; high levels of radiation, lack of water; the presence of sulfur, oil and natural gas. Downhole oil and gas applications are examples of harsh environments.

[0037] As used herein, inhibition of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production refers to selective inhibition of the sulfate reduction pathway or control of the sulfate reducing bacteria population in a harsh environment through an effective treatment strategy to reduce H2S levels by greater than or equal to 5%, alternatively greater than or equal to 10%, alternatively greater than or equal to 20%, alternatively greater than or equal to 25%, alternatively greater than or equal to 30%, and alternatively greater than or equal to 50%.

[0038] As used herein, optical density (OD) relates to the measurement of absorbance and is defined as the ratio of the intensity of light falling on a material to the transmitted intensity.

[0039] When a parameter is given as a range, a preferred range, or a series of upper preferred values ​​and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pairing of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. When numerical ranges are listed herein, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include its endpoints, and all integers and fractions in the range. The scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific values ​​and examples described in the specification.

[0040] The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the reduction reaction of sulfur-containing compounds by microorganisms, which produce sulfide in, for example, crude oil or hydrocarbon-containing systems containing greater than or equal to 10 ppm sulfide. The present invention emphasizes the use of N-hydroxyformamide compounds disclosed herein for inhibiting sulfide, particularly H2S, under anaerobic conditions. This method can be used in oil and gas applications and downhole oil field reservoirs. This composition can also be used in non-oil and gas applications to inhibit other problematic bacteria.

[0041] Sulfur-utilizing prokaryotes can produce hydrogen sulfide by reducing sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, sulfur, other inorganic sulfur compounds, organic sulfur compounds, or combinations thereof. Sulfur-utilizing prokaryotes can include genera or species of bacteria and archaea that can reduce sulfur compounds to produce sulfides, hydrogen sulfide, or iron sulfide. Preferably, sulfur-utilizing prokaryotes can include sulfate-reducing bacteria. Depending on the amount of the composition used and the type of N-hydroxyformamide compound used in the composition, the hydrogen sulfide concentration can be reduced by about 25% to 100%. Table 2 lists some compounds that can be used in the compositions disclosed as embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] When the method for inhibiting sulfide production of the present invention is used, the method comprises:

[0043] (i) providing a composition comprising at least one compound having structure 1:

[0044]

[0045] Wherein, Z: C(O)NHOH or C(Y)(R),

[0046] Y: hydrogen, C6 aromatic group, C6 heteroaromatic group, C6 aliphatic cyclic group or alicyclic group, hetero groups such as nitro, phosphate, hydroxyl,

[0047] R: a carbon (n=1-10) straight or branched chain compound terminated with N-hydroxyformamide, carboxylic acid, alcohol or N-hydroxyformamide,

[0048] X: hydrogen, OH, NH2, halogen, carbon (n = 1-3) straight chain or branched chain compound; and

[0049] (ii) contacting the composition with sulfide-producing bacteria under anaerobic conditions to inhibit sulfide production.

[0050] This composition is preferably

[0051]

[0052] and most preferably comprises

[0053]

[0054] Alternatively, the present invention is a method for inhibiting sulfide production, the method comprising:

[0055] (i) providing a composition comprising at least one compound having structure 2:

[0056]

[0057] Wherein, W: hydrogen, a carbon (n=1-10) straight or branched chain compound optionally terminated with hydroxyamide, carboxylic acid, alcohol or N-hydroxyformamide, a C6 aromatic group, a C6 heteroaromatic group, a C6 aliphatic cyclic group or an alicyclic group; and

[0058] (ii) contacting the composition with sulfide-producing bacteria under anaerobic conditions to inhibit sulfide production.

[0059] This composition may also contain:

[0060]

[0061] In the methods described herein, these compositions are preferably used to inhibit H2S production in a hydrocarbon-containing system, which can be a downhole, underground hydrocarbon-containing formation, well, pipeline, fluid separation vessel, floating production storage vessel, offloading vessel, refinery, or storage system.

[0062] In the methods described herein, the composition may be further applied with a conventional biocide or a combination of biocides thereof to produce a synergistic effect in controlling bacteria.

[0063] These compositions can effectively inhibit H2S in harsh environments such as oil and gas downhole applications, underground hydrocarbon-bearing formations, functional fluids, oil and gas reservoirs and production systems, oil and gas transportation and storage systems, mining, metal industry extraction, etc. The compositions can also be effective against problematic bacteria present in non-harsh environments such as cooling and heating systems, paper and pulp mills, membrane and filtration systems, and in materials storage, gases or liquids produced or used in wastewater treatment, farms or slaughterhouses, landfills, sewage collection systems, municipal wastewater plants, coke processing, or biofuel processing.

[0064] Examples

[0065] Methods and analysis

[0066] In order to understand the hydrogen sulfide inhibition efficacy of the N-hydroxycarboxamide compounds of the present invention, several compounds were tested. Some of the compounds that can be used in this H2S inhibition composition are disclosed in Table 2. Regarding the testing procedure, these compounds were dissolved in DMSO to produce a stock solution of about 8000-100000 ppm, which was then diluted in a 96-well plate or 10 mL serum vial containing culture medium and selected cultures to produce different concentrations of compounds from 0.09 to 1000 ppm in the final solution for efficacy testing.

[0067] The efficacy of the compounds was tested using strains of common bacteria, namely Desulfovibrio alaskensis, Desulfovibrio longus and Desulfovibrio gabonensis. The culture medium for the culture was also prepared by using standard methods. The culture was used aseptically and incubated under anaerobic conditions. Various compounds were tested using two recognized methods:

[0068] (1) 96-well plate method, and

[0069] (2) Serum test vial preparation and sulfide determination

[0070] Compounds C1, C12, C14, C15 and C16 were tested separately to understand the efficacy of each of them in inhibiting the production of H2S by sulfate-reducing bacteria under standard temperature and pressure conditions. The efficacy of compounds C14 and C15 on hydrogen sulfide production is disclosed in Example 1, Table 6 and Table 7. It can be noted that these compounds did not show significant activity in reducing H2S production, and therefore, these compounds were ineffective in inhibiting H2S production.

[0071] Compound C12 has high efficacy when used in a composition for inhibiting the production of hydrogen sulfide under anaerobic conditions. The compound exhibits efficacy when used in a concentration range of 31.25 to 1000 ppm, preferably in a concentration range of 125 ppm to 1000 ppm. Example 1, Table 6 and Table 7 disclose the results of the experiments conducted.

[0072] Compound C16 also has high efficacy when used in a composition for inhibiting hydrogen sulfide production under anaerobic conditions. The compound shows efficacy when used in a concentration range of 125 to 1000 ppm, preferably in a concentration range of 500 ppm to 1000 ppm. Example 1, Table 6 and Table 7 disclose the results of the experiments conducted.

[0073] Surprisingly, among the compounds tested, compound C1 showed the highest efficacy when used in a composition for inhibiting hydrogen sulfide production under anaerobic conditions. Example 1, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5 disclose the results of the experiments conducted. The compound showed efficacy when used in a concentration range of 0.2 to 205 ppm, preferably in a concentration range of 1 ppm to 205 ppm and most preferably in a concentration range of 3 ppm to 205 ppm.

[0074] Therefore, in order to further analyze the effect of compound C1, other bacterial cultures were used to carry out comparative tests under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. For aerobic conditions testing, the following strains were used: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae. For anaerobic testing, the following strains were used: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis.

[0075] It was found that the composition containing compound C1 preferentially inhibited hydrogen sulfide production under anaerobic conditions as opposed to aerobic conditions. C1 also showed unexpected efficacy in completely killing various microbial strains by using metabolic inhibition. These results are disclosed in Examples 2 and 3.

[0076] Example 1: Efficacy of compounds against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)

[0077] Stock solution preparation

[0078] Compounds were purchased from ChemBridge Corporation and Sigma Aldrich. Stock solutions of compounds were prepared by dissolving the compounds in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations ranging from 8,000 to 100,000 PPM.

[0079] Table 1: Preparation of ATCC MB1250 medium

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Stock culture preparation

[0083] The freeze-dried pure cultures of Desulfovibrio alaska 14563, Desulfovibrio longus 51456 and Desulfovibrio gabon 700201 received from ATCC were resuspended in 500ul of MB 1250 respectively. The contents were aseptically transferred to the MB1250 culture medium of a 5mL tube. The culture was cultivated in an anaerobic chamber at 30°C for 72hr. Subsequently, a single reserve culture with a final concentration of 25% glycerol was prepared by adding an equal volume of culture and 50% glycerol. The 1ml culture was then transferred to a 2ml cryogenic vial and stored at -80°C. The purity of the reserve culture was assessed by PCR, by amplifying the 16S rDNA region, and therefore, the original ATCC sample was verified to be a pure culture. The 48-hour culture of ATCC Desulfovibrio alaska 14563, Desulfovibrio longus 51456 and Desulfovibrio gabon 700201 was prepared in an anaerobic chamber. Each culture was prepared as a 1:10 culture by taking 1 milliliter (mL) of pure culture and inoculating 9 milliliters (mL) of fresh MB 1250 medium. Both D. alaskaiensis 14563 and D. gabonensis 700201 were grown at 30°C, and D. longum 51456 cultures were grown at 35°C.

[0084] Processing Preparation

[0085] Various compounds were tested using two recognized methods.

[0086] (1) 96-well plate method and (2) serum vial method.

[0087] (1) 96-well plate method (plate preparation and sulfide determination):

[0088] After 48 hours of incubation, 600 microliters (μL) were taken from each culture and the optical density (OD) was measured at 600 nm using a Thermofisher Spectronic 200 spectrophotometer. Each culture was diluted to 0.05 OD in fresh MB1250 medium. 600 , and added to 96-well plates. The edge wells were not used due to the evaporation of its inherent variability and culture medium. Each component was added with its corresponding concentration, and the final volume was 500 μl per well. In Table 3, Table 6 and Table 7, the concentration of the compound used for the experiment is listed. For different treatments and non-treatment controls, each experiment was repeated at least three times. From these test plates, 200 μL were taken out and placed in two separate plates for 3 days and 6 days. The plate was then sealed with a titration cover (titer-top), and placed in an anaerobic box, and cultivated in an anaerobic incubator at 30°C.

[0089] At each time point, take out the sulfide sample and make a counting plate. Make a counting plate to determine the logarithmic growth of each dosed sample. For this process, prepare the counting plate by adding 180 μL of fresh culture medium MB1250 containing 0.01wt% ammonium ferrous sulfate. Take out 20 μL from each well of the challenge plate and transfer it to the counting plate using a 20-200 μL multichannel pipette. Use a multichannel pipette to mix the counting plate three times and dilute the plate ten times (20 μL to 180 μL) continuously. Repeat this serial dilution process for all challenge plates to obtain a total of 6 counting plates.

[0090] After 7 days, read these counting plates. The ammonium ferrous sulfate in each plate will be converted to iron sulfide, which will cause the wells with SRB growth to turn from clear to black. By counting the number of black wells in a row, the logarithmic growth of the original wells in the challenge plate can be determined.

[0091] In order to determine the hydrogen sulfide production in each sample, sulfide samples were also taken from each challenge plate. For each well, 9 μL was taken out and added to 60 μL of 2% zinc acetate with 0.02% acetic acid. Then, 180 μL of milliQ water was added. 60 μL of stock solution 1 containing 64% sulfuric acid, <1% dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine (DMPD), water to 100% was added to each well on the plate. This was followed by 3 μL of stock solution 3 containing 50% iron (III) chloride. All chemicals were ordered from Fisher Scientific and used as received. These were mixed three times and read after 15 minutes. Plates were read at 670nm using a Biotek microplate reader. Absorbance readings were converted to mM using a standard curve and converted to parts per million using the molar mass of sulfur. A standard curve was prepared using sodium sulfide nonahydrate solution to give final solutions of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm. After reading at 670 nm, plotting this data gave a linear trend line that could be used to determine the H2S level of the sample.

[0092] (2) Serum test vial preparation and sulfide determination

[0093] After 48 hours of incubation, 600 microliters (μL) were taken from the Desulfovibrio alaskaensis 14563 culture and the optical density (OD) was measured at 600 nm using a Thermofisher Spectronic 200 spectrophotometer. Each culture was diluted to 0.05 OD in fresh MB1250 medium. 600, and 5 mL of the culture solution was transferred to a 10 mL vial and a stock solution of compound C1 was added. In Tables 4 and 5, the concentrations of compound C1 used for the experiments are listed. Each experiment was repeated at least three times for different treatments and non-treatment controls. At 2 days, 3 days, and 5 days, counting plates were made and sulfide samples were taken out in triplicate.

[0094] Counts were performed in triplicate with 20 μL taken from each vial and placed in 3 wells of the first row in a 96-well plate. The same serial dilution process was then performed using the test plate procedure as described in the 96-well plate method. These counts were read after 7 days of growth in an anaerobic chamber at 30°C. For the sulfide assay, 9 μL was taken from each vial and placed in 3 wells with 2% zinc acetate. The assay procedure was the same as described in the 96-well plate method.

[0095] Table 2: List of representative compounds.

[0096]

[0097]

[0098]

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Table 3. 96-well plate method Compound C1 H2S and log(growth) efficacy against SRB.

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Table 4. Using the 10 mL serum vial method Compound C1 H2S and log (growth) efficacy against Desulfovibrio alaskaensis 14563.

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] **Signal overflow during H2S measurement.

[0108] Table 5. Using the 10 mL serum vial method Compound C1 H2S and log (growth) efficacy against Desulfovibrio alaskaensis 14563.

[0109]

[0110] Table 6. H2S and log (growth) efficacy of compounds against Desulfovibrio alaska 14563 using 96-well plate format.

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Table 7. H2S and log (growth) efficacy of compounds against Desulfovibrio alaska 14563 using 96-well plate format.

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Example 2: Efficacy of Compound C1 against various non-SRB bacteria under aerobic conditions.

[0117] Preparation of Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) Medium

[0118] Tryptic soy broth was prepared by dissolving 30 grams of BD Bacto Tryptic Soy Broth powder (ordered from Fisher Scientific) in 1 liter of deionized water. It was autoclaved with 30 cycles of liquid. The phosphate buffer used was Hardy Diagnostics Dilu-Lok dilution bottle and received from Fisher Scientific.

[0119] Aerobic culture preparation

[0120] 24 hour cultures were made from ATCC E. coli 8739, P. aeruginosa 15442, E. aerogenes 13048, and K. pneumoniae 13883. Cultures were prepared by taking a loopful of pure colonies and inoculating 10 mL of TSB. These were grown at 30°C for 24 hours.

[0121] Test plate preparation

[0122] After 24 hours of incubation, 600 microliters (μL) were taken from each culture and the optical density (OD) was measured at 600 nm using a Thermo Fisher Spectronic 200 spectrophotometer. Each culture was diluted to 0.05 OD in fresh phosphate buffered saline (PBS). 600Using these cultures, two deep well plates were prepared. The edge wells were not used due to their inherent variability and evaporation of the culture medium. Each component was added at its corresponding concentration, with a final volume of 500 μL per well. In Table 8, the concentrations of compound C1 used for the experiments are listed. Each experiment was repeated at least three times for different treatments and non-treatment controls. The plates were then sealed with titration caps and incubated in an incubator at 30°C.

[0123] count

[0124] Count at each time point, including 0 hour, 1 hour, 4 hours and 24 hours. Make a counting plate to determine the logarithmic growth of each administration sample. For this process, prepare the counting plate by adding 180 μL fresh TSB. Take out 20 μL from each hole of the challenge plate (challenge plate), and use 20-200 μL multichannel pipette to transfer it to the counting plate. Use multichannel pipette to mix the counting plate three times, and the plate is diluted ten times (20 μL to 180 μL) continuously. Repeat this serial dilution process for the rows of all challenge plates, and obtain a total of 6 counting plates. These counting plates are read after 24 hours and by counting the number of turbid holes in a row.

[0125] Table 8. Compound C1 Log (growth) efficacy against various non-SRB bacteria under aerobic conditions.

[0126]

[0127]

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Example 3: Efficacy of Compound C1 against various non-SRB bacteria under anaerobic conditions.

[0131] Stock culture preparation

[0132] Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883, Enterobacter aerogenes 13048, Escherichia coli 8739, and Enterococcus faecalis 29212 cultures were made by adding one loop from a freezer stock to 10 mL of fresh phenol red medium. These were grown anaerobically at 30°C for 24 hours.

[0133] Test plate preparation

[0134] After 24 hours of incubation, each culture was diluted to 1:10 in fresh phenol red medium. Using these cultures, two deep well plates were prepared. The edge wells were not used due to their inherent variability and evaporation of the medium. Each component was added at its corresponding concentration, with a final volume of 250 μL per well. In Table 9, the concentrations of compound C1 used for the experiments are listed. Each experiment was repeated at least three times for different treatments and non-treatment controls. The plates were then sealed with titration caps and incubated in an anaerobic chamber at room temperature. Counts were performed at 0 hours, 1 hour, 4 hours and 24 hours. The process for these counts was the same as that performed for Example 2; but phenol red medium was used instead of tryptic soy broth medium.

[0135] Table 9. Compound C1 Log (growth) efficacy in various non-SRB bacteria under anaerobic conditions.

[0136]

[0137]

[0138]

[0139]

Claims

1. A method for inhibiting the production of sulfides, the method comprising: (i) providing a composition comprising at least one compound having structure 1: Wherein, Z: C(O)NHOH or C(Y)(R), Y: hydrogen, a C6 aromatic group, a C6 heteroaromatic group, or a C6 aliphatic cyclic group, R: N-hydroxyformamide or a C1-C10 straight or branched chain terminated with N-hydroxyformamide, carboxylic acid, or alcohol, X: hydrogen, OH, NH2, halogen or C1-C3 straight or branched chain; and (ii) contacting the composition with sulfide-producing bacteria under anaerobic conditions to inhibit sulfide production.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein R: N-hydroxyformamide or a C1-C10 straight or branched chain terminated with N-hydroxyformamide.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Y: Hydrogen.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein X: Hydrogen.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: The composition comprises the following compounds:

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: The composition comprises the following compounds:

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the following compounds:

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the following compounds:

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the following compounds:

10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The contacting step occurs in an application selected from the group consisting of: oil and gas downhole applications, underground hydrocarbon-bearing formations, functional fluids, oil and gas reservoirs and production systems, oil and gas transportation and storage systems, mining, metal industry extraction, cooling and heating systems, paper and pulp mills, membranes and filtration systems, material preservation, gas or liquid production, wastewater treatment, farms or slaughterhouses, landfills, sewage collection systems, municipal wastewater plants, coking coal processing and biofuel processing.

11. A method for inhibiting the production of sulfides, the method comprising: (i) providing a composition comprising at least one compound having structure 2: Wherein, W: hydrogen or C1-C10 straight or branched chain; and (ii) contacting the composition with sulfide-producing bacteria under anaerobic conditions to inhibit sulfide production.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein: The composition comprises the following compounds:

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein: The contacting step occurs in an application selected from the group consisting of: oil and gas downhole applications, underground hydrocarbon-bearing formations, functional fluids, oil and gas reservoirs and production systems, oil and gas transportation and storage systems, mining, metal industry extraction, cooling and heating systems, paper and pulp mills, membranes and filtration systems, material preservation, gas or liquid production, wastewater treatment, farms or slaughterhouses, landfills, sewage collection systems, municipal wastewater plants, coking coal processing and biofuel processing.

14. A method for inhibiting the production of sulfides, the method comprising: (i) providing a composition comprising at least one compound of the following structure: as well as (ii) contacting the composition with sulfide-producing bacteria under anaerobic conditions to inhibit sulfide production.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein: The contacting step occurs in an application selected from the group consisting of: oil and gas downhole applications, underground hydrocarbon-bearing formations, functional fluids, oil and gas reservoirs and production systems, oil and gas transportation and storage systems, mining, metal industry extraction, cooling and heating systems, paper and pulp mills, membranes and filtration systems, material preservation, gas or liquid production, wastewater treatment, farms or slaughterhouses, landfills, sewage collection systems, municipal wastewater plants, coking coal processing and biofuel processing.

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