A bridge bearing using a cohesive intelligent spherical crown and an intelligent monitoring method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bridge bearing and intelligent monitoring method using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap, which relates to the field of bridge technology. The main structure includes an upper bearing plate, a spherical cap body, a lower bearing plate, a sensing component and a data acquisition system. The spherical cap body is located between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate, and an installation cavity is provided inside. A sensor is provided in the installation cavity, which can monitor the horizontal force state, three-axis vibration acceleration, two-axis inclination, etc. The monitoring data can be uniformly sent to the intelligent monitoring host through the data acquisition unit to comprehensively determine the physical states of the bearing such as force, vibration acceleration and inclination under a certain actual state. At the same time, through structural design and calibration methods, the monitoring accuracy of the intelligent bearing is improved, the measurement deviation of the bearing during long-term service is solved, and a reliable monitoring technology is provided for bridges or buildings. In particular, it can be used as a bearing for high-speed railways and large-span highway bridges to perform bearing reaction monitoring, vibration acceleration monitoring and inclination monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridges, and in particular to a bridge bearing using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap and an intelligent monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of structural engineering technology, especially as bridge structures grow in span capacity, their structural types are becoming increasingly complex and diverse. A common characteristic of these large-span, complex bridges is that they are highly statically indeterminate structures, making the calculation of their internal forces extremely complex. Due to factors such as errors introduced by simplified calculation models, variations in material mechanical properties, construction errors, and uneven temperature variations across the structure, internal forces can differ significantly from design values ​​during construction or after completion. These discrepancies are difficult to estimate, posing significant safety risks to the structure's future operation. After bridge construction, piers will gradually settle, causing a redistribution of internal forces within the bridge structure. If, due to construction errors or pier settlement, a beam should be supported at three points, instead of four, this can lead to catastrophic failures. Therefore, timely understanding of the stress conditions of bridge bearings and the ability to promptly control and adjust when bearings show signs of unloading and voiding can effectively prevent the structure from becoming supported at three points and minimize the risk of catastrophic failures caused by uneven loads.

[0003] For movable and fixed bearings in the transverse direction of the bridge, due to the influence of factors such as the bridge structure, load, and temperature, the bearings produce little or no reciprocating horizontal sliding under normal working conditions, but the vertical rotation of the bearings in the longitudinal direction of the bridge always exists. During the official service life of the bridge, the load on the bearing superstructure gradually enters a stable period, and the support reaction force borne by the bearing remains unchanged. However, based on the current common force measuring bearing structures and tests, it is found that as the rotation state of the bearing continues to change, the measured force value of the bearing also changes, and there is often a significant deviation from the actual load of the actual bearing superstructure; when the bearing rotation amount is too large, this deviation also increases significantly, resulting in distorted force measurement results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a bridge bearing and intelligent monitoring method using a cohesive intelligent spherical crown, which improves the monitoring accuracy of the intelligent bearing, solves the measurement deviation during the long-term service of the bearing, and provides reliable monitoring technology for bridges or buildings. In particular, it can be used as a bearing for high-speed railways and large-span highway bridges to perform bearing reaction monitoring, vibration acceleration monitoring and inclination monitoring, which has great practical significance for ensuring the safe operation of high-speed railways and highways.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a bridge bearing using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap, comprising an upper bearing plate, a spherical cap body, a lower bearing plate, a sensing component and a data acquisition system; a spherical basin is provided on the top of the lower bearing plate, and the bottom surface curve of the spherical cap body matches the surface curve of the spherical basin; two spherical cap bodies are provided in the spherical basin, the sensing component is provided in an installation cavity between the two spherical cap bodies, and the upper bearing plate is provided on the top of the two spherical cap bodies; the sensing component is connected to the data acquisition system signal, and the data acquisition system is used to collect data.

[0007] Optionally, the upper support plate includes a limit block, and the limit block is used to limit the horizontal displacement of the upper support plate.

[0008] Optionally, a lower spherical cap lining plate is provided between the lower support plate and the spherical cap body.

[0009] Optionally, an upper spherical cap lining plate is provided between the upper support plate and the spherical cap body.

[0010] Optionally, a limiting connection device is provided in the middle of the installation cavity, and the limiting connection device is used to connect the two spherical cap bodies.

[0011] Optionally, the sensing component includes a force sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor and an inclination sensor.

[0012] Optionally, the sensing component is connected to the data acquisition system via a wired connection.

[0013] Optionally, the sensing component is connected to the data acquisition system via a wireless method; the wireless method includes a ZigBee communication method that complies with the IEEE802.15.4 protocol, a Lora communication method developed by Semtech, or a narrowband Internet of Things NB-IoT communication method that complies with the communication band standards of different countries.

[0014] The present invention also discloses an intelligent monitoring method for a bridge bearing using the above-mentioned cohesive intelligent spherical cap. The lower surface of the spherical cap body is spherical. According to the force analysis, the force at a point on the lower surface of the spherical cap body is a normal force F along the diameter of the sphere center and perpendicular to the contact surface, and can be decomposed into a vertical force F V and horizontal force F H ,

[0015] F H =F*sin(θ)

[0016] F V =F*cos(θ)

[0017] Where θ is the angle between the force F pointing to the center of the sphere along the radius and the direction of gravity. When the force F is rotated clockwise to the vertical upward direction, it is the positive direction of θ.

[0018] The calculation formula is a single-point calculation formula for any point in the ball basin of the lower support plate; its horizontal resultant force should be theoretically calculated by multi-point horizontal force integration method;

[0019]

[0020] Where,

[0021] F H is the resultant force in the horizontal direction;

[0022] F Hp is the horizontal component of force acting on a single point;

[0023] Taking into account the complexity of the theoretical calculation formula and other possible deviations in actual working conditions, the calibration method is as follows:

[0024] The bridge bearing with a cohesive smart spherical cap is placed in a testing machine and loaded with a known vertical force. The reading of the force monitoring device is recorded. The vertical force is changed to another known state and the reading of the force monitoring device is recorded. The proportional coefficient is calculated from the difference between the two readings to obtain the change pattern and curve of the force monitoring device. The formula is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] Where,

[0027] F V0 and F V1 are two different and known vertical forces;

[0028] F H0 and F H1 The horizontal force values ​​fed back by the force monitoring device under two types of loaded vertical forces;

[0029] F is the true value of the actual measurement object;

[0030] F H It is the horizontal force value fed back by the monitoring device in actual measurement.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0032] The bridge bearing employing a cohesive smart spherical cap in the present invention comprises an upper bearing plate, a spherical cap body, a lower bearing plate, a sensing component, and a data acquisition system. The spherical cap body is a cohesive smart spherical cap, located between the upper and lower bearing plates, and includes an internal mounting cavity. An intelligent sensor is housed within the mounting cavity, enabling self-monitoring of physical quantities including horizontal force, triaxial vibration acceleration, and biaxial inclination. The monitoring data from the cohesive smart spherical cap is uniformly transmitted to an intelligent monitoring host via a data acquisition unit, comprehensively determining the bearing's physical conditions, including force, vibration acceleration, and inclination, under a specific actual state. Furthermore, through structural design and calibration methods, the monitoring accuracy of the intelligent bearing is improved, addressing measurement deviations during the bearing's long-term service life. This provides reliable monitoring technology for bridges or buildings. In particular, the bearing can be used for high-speed railway and long-span highway bridges to monitor bearing reaction forces, vibration acceleration, and inclination, which has significant practical significance for ensuring the safe operation of high-speed railways and highways. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic top view of the structure of a bridge bearing and an intelligent monitoring method using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 AA cross-sectional structural diagram of a bridge bearing and intelligent monitoring method using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the BB cross-sectional structure of a bridge bearing and an intelligent monitoring method using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap according to the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Upper support plate; 2. Upper spherical crown lining plate; 3. Spherical crown body; 4. Lower spherical crown lining plate; 5. Lower support plate; 6. Sensing component; 7. Limiting connection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a bridge bearing and intelligent monitoring method using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap, including an upper bearing plate 1, a spherical cap body 3, a lower bearing plate 5, a sensing component 6 and a data acquisition system; a spherical basin is provided on the top of the lower bearing plate 5, and the bottom surface curve of the spherical cap body 3 matches the surface curve of the spherical basin; two spherical cap bodies 3 are provided in the spherical basin, the sensing component 6 is provided in the installation cavity between the two spherical cap bodies 3, and the upper bearing plate 1 is provided on the top of the two spherical cap bodies 3; the sensing component 6 is connected to the data acquisition system signal, and the data acquisition system is used to collect data.

[0040] In this specific embodiment, the upper support plate 1 includes a limit block, which is used to limit the horizontal displacement of the upper support plate 1. Specifically, the limit blocks are distributed on the four sides of the upper support plate, and a distance of designed allowable displacement is left between the limit blocks and the lower support plate to ensure reasonable displacement while limiting the part exceeding the displacement. For the support design that does not allow displacement in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bridge, the limit block is not tightly fitted with the lower support plate, and when the support has horizontal displacement or a tendency to slip, its displacement is promptly limited. The limit block and the upper support plate are designed as an integral whole and are not anchored later, so they have sufficient rigidity to play a role in limiting displacement.

[0041] A lower spherical cap liner 4 is provided between the lower support plate 5 and the two spherical cap bodies 3. A quarter-spherical groove is provided on the spherical surface of the bottom of the spherical cap body 3, and the lower spherical cap liner 4 is provided in the groove, and the bottom surface of the lower spherical cap liner 4 protrudes from the groove and contacts the ball basin.

[0042] An upper spherical cap lining plate 2 is provided between the upper support plate 1 and the two spherical cap bodies 3. A semicircular slot is provided on the top plane of the spherical cap body 3, and the upper spherical cap lining plate 2 is provided in the slot. The top surface of the upper spherical cap lining plate 2 protrudes from the slot and contacts the bottom surface of the upper support plate 1.

[0043] A limiting connection device 7 is provided in the center of the mounting cavity. This connection device 7 is used to connect the two spherical cap bodies 3. The limiting connection device 7 is installed in the inlay hole between the two spherical cap bodies 3 to limit horizontal displacement of the spherical cap bodies 3, preventing horizontal misalignment, misalignment, and relative displacement of the two spherical cap bodies 3. In this specific embodiment, the limiting connection device 7 is a rectangular block structure with rounded edges. The inlay hole between the two spherical cap bodies 3 is a rectangular hole of the same shape and size, with the cross-sectional dimensions of the rectangular block being the same. The two ends of the limiting connection device 7 are respectively inserted into a rectangular hole, completing the positional connection between the two spherical cap bodies 3. Under the limiting connection of the limiting connection device 7, when one spherical cap body 3 moves or rotates, the other spherical cap body 3 moves or rotates synchronously, ensuring that the top surfaces of the two spherical cap bodies 3 always lie in the same plane and that the spherical surfaces of the bottom surfaces of the two spherical cap bodies 3 always lie within the same spherical plane.

[0044] Sensing component 6 includes a force sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, and an inclination sensor. These sensors can intelligently sense and measure physical quantities such as the force state, vibration acceleration, and inclination of the spherical cap. The vibration acceleration sensor uses a MEMS accelerometer, and the inclination sensor uses a gyroscope. Because the sensors are located on the spherical cap, their inclination directly reflects the rotation angle, a key physical quantity of the spherical bearing. They can also reflect vertical acceleration.

[0045] During the service life of a bridge, the bridge deck is subject to active loads (such as EMUs, heavy-load trains, and urban rail trains passing through railway bridges, and trucks passing through highway bridges). The bearings, as important components connecting the upper and lower parts of the bridge, are subject to changes in live loads. The force measurement reflects the load borne, and the inclination angle reflects the rotation angle of the bridge.

[0046] Vibration acceleration spectrum analysis directly reflects the changes in the natural frequency of the bridge.

[0047] The sensing component 6 can be connected to the data acquisition system via either a wired or wireless connection. When using a wired connection, the electrical connection wires pass through the cable hole located at the top of the side of the lower base plate. When using a wireless connection, the existing structure remains unchanged and no electrical connection wires are required. The communication method can be ZigBee compliant with the IEEE802.15.4 protocol, Lora compliant with Semtech, or NB-IoT compliant with the communication band standards of different countries.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] This embodiment provides an intelligent monitoring method for a bridge bearing using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap based on the first embodiment. The lower surface of the spherical cap body 3 is spherical. According to the force analysis, the force at a point on the lower surface of the spherical cap body 3 is a normal force F along the diameter of the sphere center and perpendicular to the contact surface, and can be decomposed into a vertical force F V and horizontal force F H ,

[0050] F H =F*sin(θ)

[0051] F V =F*cos(θ)

[0052] Where θ is the angle between the force F pointing to the center of the sphere along the radius and the direction of gravity. When the force F is rotated clockwise to the vertical upward direction, it is the positive direction of θ.

[0053] The calculation formula is a single-point calculation formula for any point at the 5-ball basin of the lower support plate; its horizontal resultant force should be theoretically calculated using the multi-point horizontal force integration method;

[0054]

[0055] Where,

[0056] F H is the resultant force in the horizontal direction;

[0057] F Hp is the horizontal component of force acting on a single point;

[0058] Taking into account the complexity of the theoretical calculation formula and other possible deviations in actual working conditions, the calibration method is as follows:

[0059] The bridge bearing with a cohesive smart spherical cap is placed in a testing machine and loaded with a known vertical force. The reading of the force monitoring device is recorded. The vertical force is changed to another known state and the reading of the force monitoring device is recorded. The proportional coefficient is calculated from the difference between the two readings to obtain the change pattern and curve of the force monitoring device. The formula is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Where,

[0062] F V0 and F V1 are two different and known vertical forces;

[0063] F H0 and F H1 The horizontal force values ​​fed back by the force monitoring device under two types of loaded vertical forces;

[0064] F is the true value of the actual measurement object;

[0065] F H It is the horizontal force value fed back by the monitoring device in actual measurement.

[0066] The intelligent monitoring method of the bridge bearing using the cohesive intelligent spherical crown in the present invention adopts the force measurement function to reflect the vertical force by measuring the horizontal force. The actual force coefficient is equivalent to 5% to 10% of the vertical force. The measurement of the horizontal force greatly reduces the required range of the force sensor and also reduces the volume of the force sensor.

[0067] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

[0068] This specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge bearing using a cohesive smart spherical cap, characterized in that: The device comprises an upper support plate, a spherical cap body, a lower support plate, a sensing component, and a data acquisition system; a spherical basin is provided on the top of the lower support plate, and the bottom surface curve of the spherical cap body matches the surface curve of the spherical basin; two spherical cap bodies are provided in the spherical basin, the sensing component is provided in the mounting cavity between the two spherical cap bodies, and the upper support plate is provided on the top of the two spherical cap bodies; the sensing component is connected to the data acquisition system for signal acquisition; The sensing components include a force sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor and an inclination sensor. The bridge bearing of the cohesive intelligent spherical crown realizes the force measurement function by using horizontal force measurement to respond to vertical force measurement.

2. The bridge bearing using a cohesive smart spherical cap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper support plate includes a limit block, which is used to limit the horizontal displacement of the upper support plate.

3. The bridge bearing using a cohesive smart spherical cap according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lower spherical cap lining plate is provided between the lower support plate and the spherical cap main body.

4. The bridge bearing using a cohesive smart spherical cap according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper spherical cap lining plate is provided between the upper support plate and the spherical cap main body.

5. The bridge bearing using a cohesive smart spherical cap according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting connection device is provided in the middle of the installation cavity, and the limiting connection device is used to connect the two spherical crown bodies.

6. The bridge bearing using a cohesive smart spherical cap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing component is connected to the data acquisition system via a wired manner.

7. The bridge bearing using a cohesive smart spherical cap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing component is connected to the data acquisition system via a wireless method; the wireless method includes a ZigBee communication method that complies with the IEEE802.15.4 protocol, a Lora communication method developed by Semtech, or a narrowband Internet of Things NB-IoT communication method that complies with the communication band standards of different countries.

8. The intelligent monitoring method for a bridge bearing using a cohesive intelligent spherical cap according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The lower surface of the spherical cap body is spherical. According to the force analysis, the force at a point on the lower surface of the spherical cap body is the normal force F along the diameter of the sphere center and perpendicular to the contact surface, and can be decomposed into the vertical force F V and horizontal force F H , F H =F*sin(θ) F V =F*cos(θ) Where θ is the angle between the force F pointing to the center of the sphere along the radius and the direction of gravity. When the force F is rotated clockwise to the vertical upward direction, it is the positive direction of θ. The calculation formula is a single-point calculation formula for any point in the ball basin of the lower support plate; its horizontal resultant force should be theoretically calculated by multi-point horizontal force integration method; Where, F H is the resultant force in the horizontal direction; F Hp is the horizontal component of force acting on a single point; Taking into account the complexity of the theoretical calculation formula and other possible deviations in actual working conditions, the calibration method is as follows: The bridge bearing with a cohesive smart spherical cap is placed in a testing machine and loaded with a known vertical force. The reading of the force monitoring device is recorded. The vertical force is changed to another known state and the reading of the force monitoring device is recorded. The proportional coefficient is calculated from the difference between the two readings to obtain the change pattern and curve of the force monitoring device. The formula is as follows: Where, F V0 and F V1 are two different and known vertical forces; F H0 and F H1 The horizontal force values ​​fed back by the force monitoring device under two types of loaded vertical forces; F is the true value of the actual measurement object; F H It is the horizontal force value fed back by the monitoring device in actual measurement.

Images