Inductive energy storage type pulse power supply

Abstract

The application discloses an inductance energy storage type pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic emission. The pulse power supply comprises a primary power supply module, an intermediate energy storage module, a reverse flow loop module, an energy self-recovery module, a load current opening and shutting module and a voltage polarity recovery module; the primary power supply module provides energy for charging the intermediate energy storage module; the reverse flow loop module is used for disconnecting the primary power supply module when the current of the intermediate module reaches a preset value; the energy self-recovery module is used for converting the energy self-recovery of a capacitor; the load current opening and shutting module is used for turning on and shutting off the load current; and the voltage polarity recovery module is used for recovering the voltage polarity of the primary power supply module. The inductance type pulse power supply disclosed by the application has the advantages of high energy efficiency, recycling of inductance and load current tail wave energy, tail wave cutting function, few circuit elements, good circuit expandability, strong repeatability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic emission technology, and more specifically, relates to an inductive energy storage type pulse power supply. Background Technology

[0002] Pulse power supply technology originated in the 1940s and developed rapidly after the 1960s. Pulse power supplies (PPSs) refer to power supplies that can output megaampere-level pulse currents to a load within milliseconds. Unlike conventional power supplies, pulse power supplies generate massive pulse currents through power compression.

[0003] The primary application of pulsed power supplies is electromagnetic launch. Traditional chemical fuels, due to the "sound-stopping speed" limitation, struggle to exceed the 2 km / s limit in monopole launches. Theoretically, the initial velocity of an electromagnetically launched projectile is only affected by its own velocity and the power source's energy. Ideally, the projectile velocity can be increased several times. Furthermore, compared to the instability of traditional chemical artillery launches, controllable electrical energy allows for precise acceleration of the projectile within the barrel. Compared to traditional chemical launch methods, electromagnetic railguns offer advantages such as higher exit velocity, smokeless and noiseless operation, and high accuracy.

[0004] Pulse power supplies can generally be divided into three main parts: primary power supply, intermediate energy storage, and pulse generation. Among these, the intermediate energy storage device accounts for the largest proportion of the volume. Miniaturization of energy storage components is key to the miniaturization of pulse power supplies. Based on different energy storage methods, pulse power supplies can generally be classified into capacitor-based pulse power supplies, rotating machinery-based pulse power supplies, and inductive-based pulse power supplies.

[0005] Among the three energy storage methods, capacitive energy storage has the lowest density, followed by inductive energy storage, and rotating mechanical energy storage has the highest density, with the density increase by approximately an order of magnitude. However, rotating mechanical energy storage requires rotating components, making cooling difficult, and it needs to store energy for multiple transmissions at once. Capacitive energy storage pulse power supply technology has the highest maturity. For a long time, many scholars have conducted extensive research on capacitive energy storage pulse power supplies, but due to their low energy density, the development prospects of this type of power supply are limited. Compared to the currently widely used capacitive energy storage pulse power supplies, inductive energy storage pulse power supplies, with their advantages of high energy density and simple structure, are gradually becoming a research hotspot in electromagnetic launch technology. Inductive energy storage has an energy density an order of magnitude higher than capacitive energy storage. Compared to rotating mechanical energy storage, inductive energy storage elements, as static energy storage elements, are easier to cool. Comparing the three methods, inductive energy storage is a method with superior overall performance.

[0006] The circuit topologies of inductive energy storage power supplies are mainly divided into two types: Meat Grinder and XRAM, which are the main research subjects of the Institute for Advanced Technology (IAT) at the University of Texas and the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL), respectively. The meat grinder topology utilizes the mutual inductance of two inductors to multiply the current through the principle of magnetic flux compression. In 1987, Energy Compression Research Corporation (ECR) in the United States built a railgun device with 19.1 kJ of inductive energy storage using the meat grinder topology. However, in traditional meat grinder topologies, when the main switch is open, the primary and secondary inductors cannot achieve complete coupling, resulting in leakage magnetic energy in the charging circuit causing the main switch to withstand a very high voltage. Therefore, the Institute for Advanced Technology proposed the meat grinder with STRETCH topology to utilize leakage magnetic energy. In 2007, a railgun device with 30kJ inductive energy storage was built using lithium batteries as the primary power source and GTOs as the commutation devices. In 2013, Southeast University further reduced the device size by using IGBTs as the commutation elements. The final device size was approximately 3dm. 3 It can output a peak current of 4.29kA to resistive loads.

[0007] However, when the aforementioned inductive energy storage pulse power supply is applied to electromagnetic launch, a large amount of residual energy remains in the power supply and track upon armature exit. Excessive residual current can cause an electric arc at the muzzle. The heat generated by the arc can burn the muzzle, damaging the entire electromagnetic launch system. Furthermore, the waste of residual energy significantly reduces the launch efficiency of the device. Therefore, reducing residual current and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the power supply can effectively promote the practical application of inductive power supplies in electromagnetic launch systems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of existing technologies and the needs of practical applications, this invention proposes an inductor-based pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency. Its purpose is to recover and utilize the residual energy of the inductor after transmission to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the power supply.

[0009] This invention proposes an inductor-based pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency. This supply can recover and utilize the residual energy of the inductor after firing, improving the voltage self-recovery rate of the pre-charge capacitor and thus enhancing the power supply's ability to repeatedly fire. It also has the ability to rapidly reduce load wake waves, decreasing the probability of muzzle burn. Furthermore, it requires fewer circuit components, has relatively simple control, and a concise circuit design, facilitating multi-module cascading expansion.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0011] This pulse power supply includes a primary power module, an intermediate energy storage module, a reverse current loop module, an energy self-recovery module, a load current on / off module, and a voltage polarity recovery module. The voltage polarity recovery module, primary power module, reverse current loop module, and intermediate energy storage module are connected in parallel to form a circuit. The energy self-recovery module is connected between the reverse current loop module and the intermediate energy storage module. The load current on / off module is connected in series with the load and then in parallel with the intermediate energy storage module. The primary power module provides energy to charge the intermediate energy storage module; the reverse current loop disconnects the primary power module when the current of the intermediate module reaches a preset value; the energy self-recovery module is used to convert the energy self-recovery of the capacitor; the load current on / off module is used to turn the load current on and off; and the voltage polarity recovery module is used to restore the voltage polarity.

[0012] Specifically, the inductive energy storage pulse power supply of the present invention, which can improve energy efficiency, includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, and an adjusting inductor L... C , conversion inductor L t The capacitor C serves as the primary power source. S , conversion capacitor C t The transistors are: a first thyristor T1, a second thyristor T2, a third thyristor T3, a fourth thyristor T4, and a fifth thyristor T5. The first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are strongly coupled.

[0013] The primary energy storage capacitor C S With the anode of the first thyristor T1 and the switching inductor L t One end of the first thyristor T1 and the cathode of the second thyristor T2 are connected to one end of the first inductor L1; the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the second inductor L2 and the adjusting inductor L... C One end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the cathode of the fourth thyristor T4; the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series with their corresponding terminals; the other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the capacitor C, which serves as the primary power supply. S The other end, the anode of the fifth thyristor T5, one end of the load, and the switching capacitor C t One end is connected; the conversion capacitor C tThe other end is connected to the anode of the second thyristor T2 and the cathode of the third thyristor T3; the switching inductor L t The other end is connected to the cathode of the fifth thyristor T5; the adjusting inductor L C The other end of the load is connected to the anode of the third thyristor T3; the other end of the load is connected to the anode of the fourth thyristor T4.

[0014] The inductive energy storage pulse power supply proposed in this invention, which can improve energy efficiency, has the following advantages and outstanding technical effects:

[0015] 1. The inductor-based pulse power supply proposed in this invention can effectively utilize the current of the second inductor L2 at the end of the discharge to recover the remaining energy from the previous transmission and use it for the next transmission, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and saving transmission costs.

[0016] 2. The inductor-based pulse power supply proposed in this invention, through circuit design and control, enables the circuit components to have a high voltage self-recovery rate, reduces the capacitor pre-charging time during continuous discharge, which is beneficial to the continuous operation of electromagnetic emission, and at the same time improves the overall circuit discharge efficiency.

[0017] 3. The inductive energy storage pulse power supply proposed in this invention has fewer circuit components, a simple structure, low circuit cost, and good scalability.

[0018] 4. The inductive energy storage pulse power supply proposed in this invention can effectively reduce the tail current of the load at the end of the discharge, thereby reducing the probability of muzzle arc and muzzle burn.

[0019] 5. The inductor-based pulse power supply proposed in this invention allows the pulse width of the load current waveform to be adjusted by changing the triggering time of the thyristor, resulting in strong flexibility and controllability in circuit operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a circuit topology diagram of the inductor-based pulse power supply for improving energy efficiency proposed in this invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the first inductor current and the second inductor current during the charging and discharging process of the inductor energy storage pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency proposed in this invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the load current waveform during the charging and discharging process of the inductive energy storage pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the capacitor voltage and conversion capacitor voltage waveforms during the charging and discharging process of the inductive energy storage pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency proposed in this invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage waveform across the first thyristor during the charging and discharging process of the inductive energy storage pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes an inductive energy storage pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency, belonging to the field of electromagnetic emission technology. This pulse power supply includes a primary power module, an intermediate energy storage module, a reverse current loop module, an energy self-recovery module, a load current on / off module, and a voltage polarity recovery module. The primary power module provides energy for charging the intermediate energy storage module; the reverse current loop disconnects the primary power module when the current of the intermediate module reaches a preset value; the energy self-recovery module is used to convert the energy self-recovery of the capacitor; the load current on / off module is used to turn the load current on and off; and the voltage polarity recovery module is used to restore the voltage polarity.

[0027] This invention proposes an inductive energy storage pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency, belonging to the field of electromagnetic emission technology. This pulse power supply includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, and an adjusting inductor L... C , conversion inductor L t The capacitor C serves as the primary power source. S , conversion capacitor C t The transistors are: a first thyristor T1, a second thyristor T2, a third thyristor T3, a fourth thyristor T4, and a fifth thyristor T5. The first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are strongly coupled.

[0028] The primary energy storage capacitor C S With the anode of the first thyristor T1 and the switching inductor L t One end of the first thyristor T1 and the cathode of the second thyristor T2 are connected to one end of the first inductor L1; the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the second inductor L2 and the adjusting inductor L... C One end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the cathode of the fourth thyristor T4; the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series with their corresponding terminals; the other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the capacitor C, which serves as the primary power supply. S The other end, the anode of the fifth thyristor T5, one end of the load, and the switching capacitor C tOne end is connected; the conversion capacitor C t The other end is connected to the anode of the second thyristor T2 and the cathode of the third thyristor T3; the switching inductor L t The other end is connected to the cathode of the fifth thyristor T5; the adjusting inductor L C The other end of the load is connected to the anode of the third thyristor T3; the other end of the load is connected to the anode of the fourth thyristor T4.

[0029] In the energy-efficient inductive energy storage pulse power supply proposed in this invention, the inductor L1 should have a larger inductance value than the second inductor L2, with the specific multiple determined by actual requirements. The inductance values ​​of the two inductors can be calculated based on the expected charging current. The coupling coefficient between the two coupled inductors should be as large as possible, while the resistance of the inductors should be as small as possible, which is beneficial to improving the energy utilization efficiency of the power supply. Adjusting inductor L... C With conversion inductor L t The resistance value should be as small as possible, and the inductance value should be determined according to the requirements. Adjust the inductance L. C The smaller the inductance, the shorter the duration of the capacitor discharge phase, and the larger the peak value of the secondary current. However, this also increases the turn-off voltage of the third thyristor T3. Therefore, the inductance value should be selected appropriately. (Transfer inductance L) t The smaller the value, the shorter the voltage polarity recovery phase of the capacitor, and the more current flows through the switching inductor L. t The larger the current, the less it should exceed the current-carrying capacity of the third thyristor T3. The capacitor C serves as the primary power supply. S The capacitor value should be determined based on the actual situation and circuit requirements. (Conversion capacitor C) t The capacitor value should be selected based on the overall circuit settings.

[0030] In the inductive energy storage pulse power supply with improved energy efficiency proposed in this invention, the capacitor C serves as the primary power source. S The pre-charge voltage should be sufficient to charge the intermediate energy storage module current to a preset value. (Conversion capacitor C) t Pre-charging is required, and the charge value should be greater than the primary power supply voltage at the end of inductor charging. Otherwise, the first thyristor T1 may fail to turn off. To ensure reliable turn-off of the first thyristor T1, a fast recovery thyristor is recommended. The second thyristor T2, third thyristor T3, fourth thyristor T4, and fifth thyristor T5 can be pulse thyristors. The current-carrying capacity and voltage withstand capability of each thyristor should both exceed the maximum possible current and the maximum possible voltage. Specific values ​​can be determined through simulation analysis.

[0031] The following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the working process of the inductive energy storage pulse power supply circuit for improving energy efficiency proposed in this invention, which can be divided into the following ten stages.

[0032] (Assume capacitor C is the primary power source) S With conversion capacitor C t Pre-charging complete)

[0033] The first stage is inductor charging.

[0034] After the first thyristor T1 is triggered to conduct, the capacitor C of the primary power supply... S The first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are charged. When the current flowing through the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 rises to a certain value, the second thyristor T2 is triggered to conduct, and the first stage ends.

[0035] The second stage is the shutdown stage.

[0036] Conversion capacitor C t It has a pre-charge voltage, which should be greater than the primary power supply voltage at the end of the first stage. Therefore, after the second thyristor T2 is turned on, the switching capacitor C... t The current rapidly increases to the charging current of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, the current of the first thyristor T1 crosses zero and turns off, and the second stage ends.

[0037] In the third stage, the inductor continues to charge.

[0038] After the second stage is completed, the switching capacitor C t The remaining voltage continues to charge the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, causing the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 to continue to rise until the switching capacitor C... t All the energy is released. At this point, the current flowing through the first inductor L1 reaches its peak. The third stage ends.

[0039] The fourth stage is the converter stage.

[0040] Conversion capacitor C t Plate voltage U C When it drops to zero, the switching capacitor C t The charging of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 has also ended. At this point, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 supply power to the switching capacitor C. t Reverse charging. The decrease in magnetic flux in the second inductor L2 causes a turn-on voltage to be applied to the fourth thyristor T4, triggering T4 to conduct and allowing current to flow through the load branch. According to the principle of magnetic flux conservation, the current in the first inductor L1 decreases rapidly, while the current in the second inductor L2 increases rapidly. (Conversion capacitor C) t The leakage inductance energy of the first inductor L1 is absorbed until the current of the second thyristor T2 crosses zero and is turned off, at which point the fourth stage ends.

[0041] The fifth stage is the inductive discharge stage.

[0042] After the second thyristor T2 is turned off, the second inductor L2 continues to discharge to the load, following the first-order discharge law of RL during this stage. When the load current drops to a specified value or reaches a specified time, the third thyristor T3 is triggered to conduct, and the fifth stage ends.

[0043] The sixth stage is the capacitor discharge stage.

[0044] After the third thyristor T3 is turned on, the switching capacitor C t The collected leakage inductance energy is discharged to the load through the third thyristor T3. This generates a second peak in the load current. When the current in the third thyristor T3 crosses zero, the thyristor is turned off under reverse voltage, and the sixth stage ends.

[0045] The seventh stage is the inductive discharge stage.

[0046] After the third thyristor T3 is turned off, the second inductor L2 continues to discharge to the load. When the load current drops to a specified value or reaches a specified time, the first thyristor T1 is triggered to turn on, and the seventh stage ends.

[0047] The eighth stage is the load current shutdown stage.

[0048] After the first thyristor T1 is turned on, capacitor C, which serves as the primary power supply... S The first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are charged. The magnetic flux of the second inductor L2 increases, and according to the law of electromagnetic induction, a reverse voltage will be generated in the load branch. This voltage acts on the load branch, reducing the load current to zero, and the fourth thyristor T4 is turned off, ending the eighth stage.

[0049] The ninth stage is the inductor energy recovery stage.

[0050] After the fourth thyristor T4 is turned off, the first thyristor T1 remains on due to the freewheeling effect of the inductor. The first inductor L1 supplies power to the capacitor C through the second inductor L2. S Charging. When the current in the first inductor L1 drops to zero, the first thyristor T1 turns off, at which point the capacitor C... S The ninth stage ends when a voltage with the opposite polarity to the initial charging voltage is applied.

[0051] The tenth stage is the capacitor voltage polarity recovery stage.

[0052] The fifth thyristor T5 is triggered to conduct, and the capacitor serving as the primary power supply first supplies power to the switching inductor L. t Charging, then being converted by inductor L t Reverse charging. When the switching inductor L... t When the current drops to zero, the fifth thyristor T5 turns off, and the tenth stage ends.

[0053] Combination Figures 2-5The changes in current and voltage of the relevant devices during the above-mentioned working process are explained.

[0054] Before 7.7ms, the circuit is in the inductor charging phase, and the current flowing through L1 and L2 gradually increases, such as... Figure 2 As shown, at the same time, the CS voltage gradually decreases, as... Figure 4 As shown, the other parts are isolated from the circuit due to the presence of the thyristor, and the parameters remain unchanged.

[0055] At 7.7ms, T2 is triggered to turn on, and the circuit enters the turn-off phase. At this time, T1 is turned off due to reverse voltage. Figure 5 As shown. Afterwards, the currents in L1 and L2 continued to rise, as... Figure 2 As shown, the voltage Ct decreases, as Figure 4 As shown.

[0056] At 8.1ms, the currents in L1 and L2 rise to their peak values ​​and begin to decrease. Because the magnetic flux through L2 decreases, T4 experiences a positive voltage and conducts upon receiving the trigger signal, connecting the load branch to the loop. Figure 3 As shown, the circuit enters the commutation stage. Due to the principle of magnetic flux compression, the current in L2 rises rapidly at this time, while the current in L1 falls rapidly, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, leakage inductance energy entering Ct causes the capacitor to have a reverse voltage, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0057] At 8.75ms, the current in L1 decreases to 0, such as Figure 2 As shown, when T2 is turned off, the circuit enters the inductor discharge stage. The current through L2 and the load current reach their maximum values ​​and then gradually decrease, as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0058] At 9.7ms, T3 is triggered to conduct, and the circuit enters the capacitor discharge stage. The leakage inductance energy collected by Ct is discharged to the load through T3, and Ct changes from a reverse voltage to a forward voltage. Figure 4 As shown. Simultaneously, the load current generates a secondary peak, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0059] At 10.5ms, the current of T3 drops to zero and is turned off, Ct recovers to the positive voltage and remains stable, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown. The circuit returns to the inductor discharge phase, L2 and the load current reach their maximum values ​​and then gradually decrease, as shown. Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0060] At 12.2ms, T1 is triggered to conduct, and CS charges L2 through T1, causing the CS voltage to drop. Figure 4 As shown, the currents in L1 and L2 increase, as... Figure 2As shown. With the increase of magnetic flux through L2, the load branch experiences reverse voltage and shuts off, reducing the load current to zero, as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0061] After the previous stage ends, the CS voltage has the opposite polarity to the initial charging voltage, such as... Figure 4 As shown, to prepare for the next transmission, the voltage needs to be reversed. T5 is triggered to turn on at 26ms. The CS voltage first charges Lt, then is reverse-charged by Lt. Finally, the CS voltage is reversed, as shown... Figure 4 As shown.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An inductively stored energy pulsed power supply characterized by, It includes a primary power supply module, an intermediate energy storage module, a reverse current loop module, an energy self-recovery module, a load current activation and deactivation module, and a voltage polarity recovery module; the voltage polarity recovery module, the primary power supply module, the reverse current loop module, and the intermediate energy storage module are connected in parallel to form a loop, the energy self-recovery module is connected between the reverse current loop module and the intermediate energy storage module, and the load current activation and deactivation module is connected in series with the load and then in parallel with the intermediate energy storage module; The primary power module is used to provide charging energy to the intermediate energy storage module; The reverse current circuit module is used to apply reverse voltage to the primary power module to turn off the thyristor when the charging current of the intermediate energy storage module reaches a preset value. The primary power module comprises a primary energy storage capacitor C S and the first thyristor T1; The primary energy storage capacitor C S one end is connected with the anode of the first thyristor T1; The intermediate energy storage module includes a first inductor L1 and a second inductor L2; The first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are strongly coupled; one end of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected. The counterflow loop module includes a conversion capacitor C t with a second thyristor T2; The conversion capacitor C t one end of the second thyristor T2 anode is connected; The energy self-recovery module is used for converting the energy of the capacitor C t and generating a secondary peak of the load current; the energy self-recovery module comprises an adjusting inductor L C and the third thyristor T3; Adjusting inductor L C One end is connected to the anode of the third thyristor T3; adjust the inductor L C The other end is connected to one end of the first inductor L1 and one end of the second inductor L2; the cathode of the third thyristor T3 is connected to the switching capacitor C. t One end of it is connected to the anode of the second thyristor T2; The load current on / off module is used to control the on and off of the load current; the load current on / off module includes a fourth thyristor T4. The cathode of the fourth thyristor T4, the other end of the first inductor L1, one end of the second inductor L2, and the adjusting inductor L C One end of the thyristor is connected to the load; the anode of the fourth thyristor T4 is connected to one end of the load. The voltage polarity recovery module is used for the capacitor C in the primary power supply. S Voltage polarity restoration; the voltage polarity restoration module includes a switching inductor L t and the fifth thyristor T5; The switching inductor L t One end is connected to the cathode of the fifth thyristor T5; the switching inductor L t The other end is connected to the primary energy storage capacitor C S One end of the first thyristor T1 is connected to the anode of the first thyristor T1; the anode of the fifth thyristor T5 is connected to the capacitor C, which serves as the primary power supply. S The other end, the other end of the load, the other end of the second inductor L2, and the switching capacitor C t One end is connected.

2. An inductively stored energy pulsed power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein, Primary energy storage capacitor C S is a pulse capacitor.

3. An inductively stored energy pulsed power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein, The higher the coupling coefficient between the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, the smaller the leakage inductance, the higher the energy utilization rate, and the larger the peak load current.

4. An inductively stored energy pulsed power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein, The reverse circuit module terminates the charging process by applying reverse voltage to the first thyristor T1.

Images