Carbon capture absorption column

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon capture absorption tower, which comprises a tower body, a first liquid distributor and a lean liquid pipeline. The tower body is provided with a flue gas inlet at the bottom. The first liquid distributor is arranged in the tower body and located above the flue gas inlet. The first liquid distributor is suitable for being connected with a first absorbent rich in an antioxidant. The first end of the lean liquid pipeline is communicated with the peripheral wall of the tower body. The second end of the lean liquid pipeline is provided with a lean liquid pump. The lean liquid pipeline is suitable for conveying a second absorbent capable of absorbing carbon dioxide in flue gas. The carbon capture absorption tower provided by the application has the advantages of low consumption of the second absorbent and high carbon capture efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon capture technology, and more specifically, to a carbon capture and absorption tower. Background Technology

[0002] Chemical absorption can adapt to the flue gas conditions of thermal power plants with large flow rates, low carbon dioxide concentration (3% to 15%), low partial pressure (near atmospheric pressure), and certain pollutants. The carbon dioxide gas captured is of high purity. It is currently the most mature, widely used, and commercially viable technology for carbon dioxide capture in thermal power plants.

[0003] In related technologies, carbon capture technology using chemical absorption mainly employs organic amine solutions as absorbents. However, during the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas, organic amine solutions are prone to decomposition, resulting in a high consumption of carbon dioxide absorbent in these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, embodiments of the present invention propose a carbon capture and absorption tower that has the advantage of low consumption of a second absorbent.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a carbon capture and absorption tower includes a tower body, a first liquid distributor, and a lean liquid pipeline. The tower body has a flue gas inlet at its bottom. The first liquid distributor is disposed inside the tower body and located above the flue gas inlet. The first liquid distributor is adapted to introduce a first absorbent rich in antioxidants. The first end of the lean liquid pipeline is connected to the peripheral wall of the tower body, and the second end of the lean liquid pipeline is equipped with a lean liquid pump. The lean liquid pipeline is adapted to transport a second absorbent capable of absorbing carbon dioxide in the flue gas.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the carbon capture and absorption tower of the present invention, flue gas enters the tower body through the flue gas inlet and flows upward, while the second absorbent enters the tower body through the lean liquid pipeline and flows downward under gravity. Thus, the flue gas and the second absorbent converge within the tower body, allowing the second absorbent to absorb carbon dioxide from the flue gas. Simultaneously, a first absorbent rich in antioxidants enters the tower body through a first liquid distributor and mixes with the second absorbent, reducing the oxidative decomposition of the second absorbent. This mitigates the failure of the second absorbent, ensures its effective absorption of carbon dioxide, and reduces its consumption.

[0007] In some embodiments, a second liquid distributor and a third liquid distributor are further included. The second liquid distributor is disposed inside the tower body and located above the first liquid distributor. The second liquid distributor is connected to the first end of the lean liquid pipeline through the peripheral wall of the tower body. The third liquid distributor is disposed inside the tower body and located above the second liquid distributor. The third liquid distributor is connected to the first end of the lean liquid pipeline through the peripheral wall of the tower body.

[0008] In some embodiments, the carbon capture and absorption tower further includes a plurality of gas-liquid mass transfer components disposed within the tower body. The plurality of gas-liquid mass transfer components are located between the second liquid distributor and the third liquid distributor and are spaced apart in the height direction of the tower body. Each gas-liquid mass transfer component includes a first packing layer and a liquid redistributor. The first packing layer is located above the liquid redistributor and both the first packing layer and the liquid redistributor are connected to the tower body.

[0009] In some embodiments, the carbon capture and absorption tower further includes an interstage cooler disposed within the tower body and located between any two adjacent gas-liquid mass transfer components.

[0010] In some embodiments, the interstage cooler includes a plurality of tube-and-tube assemblies spaced apart along the height of the tower body. Each tube-and-tube assembly includes a first connecting pipe, a single tube, and a second connecting pipe. The single tubes are multiple and spaced apart radially along the tower body. A first end of each single tube communicates with the first connecting pipe, and a second end of each single tube communicates with the second connecting pipe. Both the first and second connecting pipes are connected to the inner peripheral wall of the tower body. In any two adjacent tube-and-tube assemblies, the single tubes of one assembly and the single tubes of the other assembly are arranged alternately radially along the tower body. One assembly has an inlet on its first connecting pipe and an outlet on its second connecting pipe, while the other assembly has an outlet on its first connecting pipe and an inlet on its second connecting pipe.

[0011] In some embodiments, the carbon capture and absorption tower further includes a second packing layer and a gas-liquid distribution plate. The second packing layer is disposed in the tower body and located between the first liquid distributor and the second liquid distributor. The gas-liquid distribution plate is disposed in the tower body and located below the first liquid distributor and above the flue gas inlet.

[0012] In some embodiments, the lean solution pipeline includes a first pipeline, a second pipeline, and a diversion valve. A first end of the first pipeline is connected to a second liquid distributor; a first end of the second pipeline is connected to a third liquid distributor; a second end of the second pipeline is connected in parallel with a second end of the first pipeline; a lean solution pump is connected in series to the second ends of the first pipeline and the second pipeline; and the diversion valve is installed on the first pipeline or the second pipeline.

[0013] In some embodiments, the carbon capture and absorption tower further includes an inclined flue, a first end of which is connected to the flue gas inlet, and a second end of which is positioned above the first end of the flue and adapted to allow flue gas to pass through.

[0014] In some embodiments, the carbon capture and absorption tower further includes a first demister, which is disposed within the tower body and located above the third liquid distributor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the carbon capture and absorption tower further includes a cooler, a liquid delivery pipeline, and a second demister. The top of the tower body is provided with a flue gas outlet located above the first demister. The cooler is located outside the tower body and has an air inlet for inputting flue gas, an air outlet for outputting flue gas, and a liquid outlet for discharging the second absorbent in the flue gas. The air inlet and the flue gas outlet are connected. The first end of the liquid delivery pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet, and the second end of the liquid delivery pipeline is located inside the tower body. The second demister is connected to the air outlet. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a carbon capture and absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tube assembly of a carbon capture and absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the tube assembly of a carbon capture and absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an interstage cooler for a carbon capture and absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of a carbon capture and absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Tower body; 11. Second packing layer; 12. Gas-liquid distribution plate; 2. First liquid distributor; 3. Lean liquid pipeline; 31. Second liquid distributor; 32. Third liquid distributor; 33. First pipeline; 34. Second pipeline; 35. Diverter valve; 36. Lean liquid pump; 4. Gas-liquid mass transfer assembly; 41. First packing layer; 42. Liquid redistributor; 5. Interstage cooler; 51. Tube assembly; 511. First connecting pipe; 512. Single pipe; 513. Second connecting pipe; 514. Inlet; 515. Outlet; 6. Flue; 7. First demister; 8. Cooler; 81. Liquid delivery pipeline; 9. Second demister. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] The following is combined Figures 1-5 A carbon capture and absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a tower body 1, a first liquid distributor 2, and a lean liquid pipeline 3. The tower body 1 has a flue gas inlet at its bottom. The first liquid distributor 2 is disposed inside the tower body 1 and located above the flue gas inlet, and is adapted to introduce a first absorbent rich in antioxidants. The first end of the lean liquid pipeline 3 is connected to the peripheral wall of the tower body 1, and the second end of the lean liquid pipeline 3 is equipped with a lean liquid pump 36. The lean liquid pipeline 3 is adapted to transport a second absorbent capable of absorbing carbon dioxide from the flue gas.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the carbon capture and absorption tower of the present invention, flue gas enters the tower body 1 through the flue gas inlet and flows upward, while the second absorbent enters the tower body 1 through the lean liquid pipeline 3 and flows downward under gravity. Thus, the flue gas and the second absorbent converge within the tower body 1, allowing the second absorbent to absorb carbon dioxide from the flue gas. Simultaneously, a first absorbent rich in antioxidants enters the tower body 1 through the first liquid distributor 2 and mixes with the second absorbent. The antioxidants in the first absorbent reduce the oxidative decomposition of the second absorbent. This mitigates the failure of the second absorbent, ensures its effective absorption of carbon dioxide, and reduces its consumption.

[0026] The first liquid distributor 2 is used to improve the uniformity of the first absorbent rich in antioxidants sprayed in the tower body 1, thereby enhancing the mixing effect of the first absorbent and the second absorbent rich in antioxidants.

[0027] The lean solution pump 36 is used to drive the flow of the second absorbent in the lean solution pipeline 3.

[0028] Specifically, the second absorbent is an organic amine solution.

[0029] For ease of understanding, Figure 1 Arrow A in the diagram indicates the vertical / height direction of the carbon capture and absorption tower.

[0030] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower also includes a second liquid distributor 31 and a third liquid distributor 32. The second liquid distributor 31 is located inside the tower body 1 and above the first liquid distributor 2. The second liquid distributor 31 is connected to the first end of the lean liquid pipeline 3 through the peripheral wall of the tower body 1. The third liquid distributor 32 is located inside the tower body 1 and above the second liquid distributor 31. The third liquid distributor 32 is connected to the first end of the lean liquid pipeline 3 through the peripheral wall of the tower body 1.

[0031] Therefore, the second absorbent input from the first end of the lean liquid pipeline 3 is divided into two streams. The first stream of the second absorbent enters the tower body 1 through the third liquid distributor 32 and reacts with the flue gas. During the reaction, the first stream of the second absorbent releases heat, causing its temperature to rise. The second stream of the second absorbent enters the tower body 1 through the second liquid distributor 31 and reacts with the flue gas. Since the third liquid distributor 32 is located above the second liquid distributor 31, the first stream of the second absorbent, after reacting with the flue gas, will mix with the unreacted second stream of the second absorbent in the area where the second liquid distributor 31 is located. The lower temperature of the second stream of the second absorbent can reduce the temperature of the first stream of the second absorbent, thereby increasing the absorption load of the second absorbent for carbon dioxide and thus improving the carbon capture efficiency.

[0032] In addition, the second liquid distributor 31 and the third liquid distributor 32 achieve two-stage absorption of carbon dioxide in the flue gas, reducing the residual amount of carbon dioxide in the flue gas and ensuring the effectiveness of carbon capture.

[0033] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower also includes multiple gas-liquid mass transfer components 4 disposed within the tower body 1. The multiple gas-liquid mass transfer components 4 are located between the second liquid distributor 31 and the third liquid distributor 32 and are spaced apart in the height direction of the tower body 1. The gas-liquid mass transfer components 4 include a first packing layer 41 and a liquid redistributor 42. The first packing layer 41 is located above the liquid redistributor 42 and both the first packing layer 41 and the liquid redistributor 42 are connected to the tower body 1.

[0034] Thus, the first-pass second absorbent and the flue gas, flowing in opposite directions, come into close contact and undergo mass transfer within the first packing layer 41. The first packing layer 41 is used to increase the contact area between the first-pass second absorbent and the flue gas, improve the mass transfer coefficient, and accelerate the rate at which the first-pass second absorbent absorbs carbon dioxide from the flue gas.

[0035] The first-path second absorbent will generate a wall flow effect after passing through the first packing layer 41, which will cause the droplet distribution to become uneven. The liquid redistributor 42 is used to redistribute the droplets of the first-path second absorbent evenly to ensure the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency of the first-path second absorbent in the next stage first packing layer 41.

[0036] Specifically, the liquid redistributor 42 can be a tray type or an overflow-free type, etc.

[0037] Since the overflow-free liquid redistributor 42 is simpler to manufacture and install than the tray-type liquid redistributor 42 and has lower equipment investment costs, the liquid redistributor 42 in this embodiment is preferably an overflow-free liquid redistributor 42.

[0038] Specifically, there are two gas-liquid mass transfer components 4.

[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower also includes an interstage cooler 5, which is located inside the tower body 1 and between any two adjacent gas-liquid mass transfer components 4.

[0040] The interstage cooler 5 is used to reduce the temperature of the first-stage second absorbent and the flue gas, while simultaneously ensuring that the temperatures of the first-stage second absorbent and the flue gas are essentially the same. This further increases the capacity and absorption load of the first-stage second absorbent for carbon dioxide in the flue gas, thereby improving carbon capture efficiency.

[0041] In some embodiments, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, the interstage cooler 5 includes multiple tube-and-tube assemblies 51, which are spaced apart along the height of the tower body 1. Each tube-and-tube assembly 51 includes a first connecting pipe 511, single tubes 512, and a second connecting pipe 513. Multiple single tubes 512 are spaced apart radially from the tower body 1. The first end of each single tube 512 is connected to the first connecting pipe 511, and the second end of each single tube 512 is connected to the second connecting pipe 513. Both the first connecting pipe 511 and the second connecting pipe 513 are connected to the inner circumferential wall of the tower body 1. In any two adjacent tube-and-tube assemblies 51, the multiple single tubes 512 of one assembly and the multiple single tubes 512 of the other assembly are arranged alternately radially from the tower body 1. One assembly has an inlet 514 on its first connecting pipe 511 and an outlet 515 on its second connecting pipe 513, while the other assembly has an outlet 515 on its first connecting pipe 511 and an inlet 514 on its second connecting pipe 513.

[0042] The staggered arrangement of single tubes 512 in two adjacent tube assemblies 51 ensures the uniformity of heat exchange between the interstage cooler 5 and the flue gas and the first-pass second absorbent, thereby accelerating the cooling of the flue gas and the first-pass second absorbent. The opposite positions of the inlet 514 and outlet 515 in two adjacent tube assemblies 51 ensure the consistency of the temperature of the flue gas and the first-pass second absorbent after heat exchange.

[0043] The multiple tube-and-tube assemblies 51 arranged at intervals enable multi-stage cooling of the flue gas and the first-stage second absorbent, ensuring the cooling effect of the flue gas and the first-stage second absorbent. At the same time, they increase the gas-liquid contact area, improve the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, and enhance the absorption effect of the second absorbent on carbon dioxide in the flue gas.

[0044] Specifically, the number of tube assembly 51 is between 2 and 4.

[0045] Specifically, multiple individual tubes 512 in the tube assembly 51 are equally spaced in the radial direction of the tower body 1.

[0046] Specifically, the distance between any two adjacent single tubes 512 in the tube assembly 51 is between 19mm and 190mm.

[0047] Specifically, the diameter of a single 512 tube is between 19mm and 38mm.

[0048] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower also includes a second packing layer 11 and a gas-liquid distribution plate 12. The second packing layer 11 is disposed inside the tower body 1 and located between the first liquid distributor 2 and the second liquid distributor 31. The gas-liquid distribution plate 12 is disposed inside the tower body 1 and located below the first liquid distributor 2 and above the flue gas inlet.

[0049] The second packing layer 11 is used to increase the contact area between the second absorbent and the flue gas, improve the mass transfer coefficient, and accelerate the rate at which the second absorbent absorbs carbon dioxide from the flue gas.

[0050] The gas-liquid distribution plate 12 is used to increase the relative velocity of gas and liquid (flue gas and second absorbent), reduce the boundary layer thickness, thereby reducing the mass transfer resistance, increasing the absorption load of the second absorbent on carbon dioxide in the flue gas, and thus improving the carbon capture efficiency of the second absorbent.

[0051] The gas-liquid distribution plate 12 effectively improves the uniformity of gas-liquid distribution in the tower through direct gas-liquid coupling, thereby improving the uniformity of the flow field, avoiding the flue gas corridor phenomenon, and improving the effective utilization rate of the second absorbent.

[0052] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the gas-liquid distribution plate 12 improves the uniformity of the flow field by at least 50%.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the lean solution line 3 includes a first line 33, a second line 34, and a diversion valve 35. The first end of the first line 33 is connected to the second liquid distributor 31. The first end of the second line 34 is connected to the third liquid distributor 32, and the second end of the second line 34 is connected in parallel with the second end of the first line 33. The lean solution pump 36 is connected in series to the second ends of the first line 33 and the second line 34. The diversion valve 35 is installed on either the first line 33 or the second line 34.

[0054] The second pipeline 34 is used to deliver the first line of the second absorbent to the third liquid distributor 32, and the first pipeline 33 is used to deliver the second line of the second absorbent to the second liquid distributor 31. The lean liquid pump 36 is used to supply flow power to the first line of the second absorbent and the second line of the second absorbent. The diverter valve 35 is used to regulate the relative flow rates of the first line of the second absorbent and the second line of the second absorbent.

[0055] Specifically, the flow rate of the second absorbent in the first path is 60%-85% of the total flow rate of the second absorbent.

[0056] Specifically, the flow rate of the second absorbent in the second path is 15%-40% of the total flow rate of the second absorbent.

[0057] Specifically, the diversion valve 35 is installed in the first pipeline 33.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower also includes an inclined flue 6, the first end of which is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the second end of which is located above the first end of the flue 6 and is adapted to allow flue gas to pass through.

[0059] This prevents the second absorbent inside tower 1 from flowing back out of tower 1 through flue 6. Furthermore, when flue gas enters tower 1 through flue 6, its flow direction buffers the flow of tower 1, preventing the flue gas from vertically scouring the inner wall of tower 1. Additionally, the inclined flue 6 improves the uniformity of flue gas velocity distribution within tower 1.

[0060] Specifically, in this embodiment, the relative standard deviation of the velocity distribution of flue gas inside the tower body 1 is increased by about 25% compared to the horizontal flue 6.

[0061] It should be noted that the angle between flue 6 and the vertical direction is between 7 and 15°.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower also includes a first demister 7, which is located inside the tower body 1 and above the third liquid distributor 32.

[0063] After the flue gas reacts with the second absorbent, it enters the first demister 7. The first demister 7 is used to initially remove the moisture and second absorbent carried in the flue gas, thereby improving the recovery rate of water and the second absorbent and reducing the material cost of the carbon capture and absorption tower.

[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture and absorption tower also includes a cooler 8, a liquid delivery pipe 81, and a second demister 9. The top of the tower body 1 has a flue gas outlet located above the first demister 7. The cooler 8 is located outside the tower body 1 and has an inlet for inputting flue gas, an outlet for outputting flue gas, and a drain outlet for discharging the second absorbent from the flue gas. The inlet and outlet are connected. The first end of the liquid delivery pipe 81 is connected to the drain outlet, and the second end of the liquid delivery pipe 81 is located inside the tower body 1. The second demister 9 is connected to the outlet.

[0065] Cooler 8 is used to cool the flue gas to further condense the moisture and second absorbent in the flue gas. The condensed moisture and second absorbent are returned to the tower body 1 through the drain port and the liquid delivery pipe 81, thereby further improving the utilization rate of water and second absorbent. Second demister 9 is used to secondary capture the second absorbent and moisture droplets carried by the flue gas, thereby reducing the consumption of second absorbent and water in the tower body 1.

[0066] It should be noted that the second demister 9 is a high-efficiency demister.

[0067] In summary, the carbon capture and absorption tower of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0068] By adopting an interstage cooler 5 + second absorbent diversion method, the cooling measures for the second absorbent in tower body 1 are increased, ensuring an effective drop in the temperature of the second absorbent. This cooling effect is better than conventional measures, effectively improving the carbon dioxide capture efficiency.

[0069] The inclined flue 6 increases the relative standard deviation of flue gas velocity distribution by about 25% compared to the flue gas velocity distribution of conventional tower body 1, thereby improving the uniformity of flue gas distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency within tower body 1.

[0070] The oxide layer can reduce the degradation loss of the second absorbent, expand the application range of the second absorbent, and reduce the material consumption of the carbon capture and absorption tower.

[0071] The interstage cooler 5 lowers the temperature of the second absorbent, increases the second absorbent's capacity to handle carbon dioxide, and also increases gas-liquid turbulence, thereby improving the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency within the tower 1.

[0072] The second demister 9 is used to capture the droplets of the second absorbent and moisture carried in the flue gas and return them to the tower, thereby reducing the consumption of the second absorbent and water.

[0073] The second absorbent is injected into the tower body 1 through the first pipe 33 and the second pipe 34, which can reduce the temperature of the first second absorbent after the reaction and improve the carbon dioxide capture efficiency.

[0074] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0075] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0076] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0078] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0079] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon capture and absorption tower, characterized in that, include: The tower body has a flue gas inlet at its bottom; A first liquid distributor is disposed in the tower body and above the flue gas inlet, and the first liquid distributor is adapted to introduce a first absorbent rich in antioxidants. The lean liquid pipeline has a first end connected to the peripheral wall of the tower body, and a lean liquid pump installed at the second end of the lean liquid pipeline. The lean liquid pipeline is suitable for conveying a second absorbent capable of absorbing carbon dioxide in flue gas. A second liquid distributor is disposed inside the tower body and above the first liquid distributor. The second liquid distributor is connected to the first end of the lean liquid pipeline through the peripheral wall of the tower body. and A third liquid distributor is disposed inside the tower body and above the second liquid distributor. The third liquid distributor is connected to the first end of the lean liquid pipeline through the peripheral wall of the tower body. Multiple gas-liquid mass transfer components are disposed within the tower body, and the multiple gas-liquid mass transfer components are located between the second liquid distributor and the third liquid distributor and are spaced apart in the height direction of the tower body; each gas-liquid mass transfer component includes a first packing layer and a liquid redistributor, the first packing layer is located above the liquid redistributor and both the first packing layer and the liquid redistributor are connected to the tower body. and An interstage cooler is provided within the tower body and located between any two adjacent gas-liquid mass transfer components. The interstage cooler includes multiple tube assemblies spaced apart along the height of the tower body. Each tube assembly includes a first connecting pipe, single tubes, and second connecting pipes. Multiple single tubes are spaced apart radially within the tower body. The first end of each single tube communicates with the first connecting pipe, and the second end of each single tube communicates with the second connecting pipe. Both the first and second connecting pipes are connected to the inner peripheral wall of the tower body. In any two adjacent tube assemblies, the multiple single tubes of one assembly and the multiple single tubes of the other assembly are arranged alternately radially within the tower body. One assembly has an inlet on its first connecting pipe and an outlet on its second connecting pipe, while the other assembly has an outlet on its first connecting pipe and an inlet on its second connecting pipe.

2. The carbon capture and absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon capture and absorption tower also includes: A second packing layer is disposed within the tower body and located between the first liquid distributor and the second liquid distributor; and A gas-liquid distribution plate is disposed inside the tower body and located below the first liquid distributor and above the flue gas inlet.

3. The carbon capture and absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lean fluid tubing includes: A first pipeline, the first end of which is connected to the second liquid distributor; A second pipeline, the first end of which is connected to the third liquid distributor, and the second end of which is connected in parallel with the second end of the first pipeline; the lean liquid pump is connected in series with the second ends of the first and second pipelines; and A diversion valve is installed in a first pipeline or a second pipeline.

4. The carbon capture and absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon capture and absorption tower also includes an inclined flue, the first end of which is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the second end of which is positioned above the first end of the flue and is adapted to allow flue gas to pass through.

5. The carbon capture and absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon capture and absorption tower also includes a first demister, which is located inside the tower and above the third liquid distributor.

6. The carbon capture and absorption tower according to claim 5, characterized in that, The carbon capture and absorption tower also includes: The cooler has a flue gas outlet located above the first demister at the top of the tower body. The cooler is placed outside the tower body and has an air inlet for inputting flue gas, an air outlet for outputting flue gas, and a drain outlet for discharging the second absorbent in the flue gas. The air inlet and the flue gas outlet are connected. An infusion pipeline, wherein the first end of the infusion pipeline is connected to the drain port, and the second end of the infusion pipeline is placed inside the tower body; and The second demister is connected to the air outlet.

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