A trenchless reaming impactor

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of impactor equipment, and particularly to a trenchless reaming impactor. The trenchless reaming impactor comprises an end cap joint, a cylinder block, a check valve, a gas distribution seat, a gas distribution rod, an inner cylinder, a piston, a bushing, a bit socket, a drill bit and a first joint; one end of the cylinder block is equipped with the end cap joint, and the other end of the cylinder block is equipped with the drill bit; a first joint is arranged at the front end of the drill bit of the impactor, and the first joint is connected to a traction mechanism. The guiding and traction mechanism controls the guiding of the drilling direction in the small-diameter pipe to be reamed, ensuring the directivity of the drilling direction of the impactor; at the same time, the guiding and traction mechanism provides the axial tension of the drill bit, ensuring that the crushing surface of the drill bit closely adheres to the bottom surface of the hole during drilling, effectively crushing the rock, and at the same time ensuring that the outer circle of the centralizer closely adheres to the hole wall of the drilled hole, effectively reducing the deflection during drilling and providing the stability of the reaming drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of impactors, and particularly to a trenchless reaming impactor. Background Art

[0002] Trenchless construction technology refers to the technology of detecting, inspecting, laying, repairing, and replacing various underground pipelines without excavating the ground surface. It is widely used for laying, repairing, and renewing pipelines such as oil / gas / water supply pipelines, cables, and communication lines under conditions such as crossing roads, railways, buildings, rivers, lakes, scenic spots, etc. It has the advantages of not affecting traffic, not polluting the environment, being safe and reliable in construction, having a short cycle, and low comprehensive construction cost. Usually, when implementing trenchless pipeline laying, first a small-diameter pilot hole is drilled using directional drilling technology, and then a reamer is used for reaming operations; the trenchless impactor is applied to the opening drilling operations of various underground pipelines. The basic structure of the impactor is to set a check valve, a gas distribution seat, an inner cylinder, a piston, a bushing, a bit socket, and a drill bit in the cylinder body. By distributing gas to the piston in the cylinder body, the piston generates a high-speed reciprocating motion to impact the drill bit, and finally the reaming operation is realized through the alloy teeth on the drill bit. The generated rock debris is blown out of the bottom of the hole by the high-pressure gas discharged from the impactor, and finally the hole formation is achieved. The existing impactor only provides axial impact thrust. Although it can realize the reaming drilling operation, it is difficult to control the advancing direction of the impactor during the reaming operation, and it is easy to cause deviation in the reaming operation of the impactor. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a trenchless reaming impactor to solve the problem of easy deviation in the reaming operation of the existing impactor in the background art.

[0004] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A trenchless reaming impactor includes: an end cap joint, a cylinder body, a check valve, a gas distribution seat, a gas distribution rod, a piston, a drill bit, and a first joint;

[0006] One end of the cylinder body is installed with the end cap joint, and the other end of the cylinder body is installed with the drill bit;

[0007] The piston is movably installed in the cylinder body. A front chamber is formed between the front end of the piston and the cylinder body, and a rear chamber is formed between the rear end of the piston and the cylinder body;

[0008] The gas distribution seat is installed in the cylinder body, the gas distribution rod is installed on the gas distribution seat, one end of the gas distribution rod passes through the end cap joint, and an air inlet channel is provided in the gas distribution rod at this end. The check valve is arranged in the air inlet channel; the other end of the gas distribution rod is inserted into the piston;

[0009] A gas distribution channel is formed among the cylinder block, the piston and the gas distribution rod. The outlet of the air inlet channel in the gas distribution rod is communicated with the gas distribution channel through a gas distribution seat. When the piston reciprocates in the cylinder block, the gas distribution channel is alternately communicated with the front cavity and the rear cavity.

[0010] One end of the first joint is connected to the drill bit, and the other end of the first joint is used to connect to a guiding and traction mechanism.

[0011] Further, the gas distribution channel includes: a first gas distribution airway formed between the outer peripheral wall of the piston and the cylinder block, and a second gas distribution airway formed between the gas distribution rod and the inner hole of the piston.

[0012] Further, the cylinder block includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is arranged in the rear cavity, and a transition airway communicating with the gas distribution channel is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; the drill bit is connected to the outer cylinder.

[0013] Further, the gas distribution seat is installed on the inner cylinder. The gas distribution seat is provided with a gas distribution hole channel. One end of the gas distribution hole channel is communicated with the air inlet channel of the gas distribution rod, and the other end of the gas distribution hole channel is communicated with the transition airway.

[0014] Further, a bushing is provided in the outer cylinder near one end of the drill bit. When the piston moves into the bushing, the front cavity is closed.

[0015] Further, a chuck sleeve is provided in one end of the outer cylinder. The drill bit is connected to the chuck sleeve at one end of the outer cylinder by splines; a slag blowing hole communicated with the front cavity is provided on the drill bit.

[0016] Further, the other end of the gas distribution rod penetrates through the piston and is inserted and connected to the drill bit. A transition air flow channel is provided in the gas distribution rod at this end. The slag blowing hole of the drill bit is communicated with the transition air flow channel, and the transition air flow channel is communicated with the front cavity.

[0017] Further, a guiding and traction mechanism is connected to the other end of the first joint. The guiding and traction mechanism includes: a drill pipe connected to the first joint, and a power device connected to the drill pipe to provide traction force.

[0018] Further, the trenchless reaming impactor of the present application further includes: a centralizer provided at the end of the end cap joint, and the centralizer is used to stabilize the drilling direction of the cylinder block and the drill bit.

[0019] Further, the centralizer includes: a mandrel, and a centralizing plate sleeved on the mandrel;

[0020] An axial airway is provided in the mandrel. One end of the mandrel is connected to the gas distribution rod, and the axial airway of the mandrel is communicated with the check valve;

[0021] A channel hole is provided between the alignment plates along the axial direction of the mandrel, and the channel hole is used for discharging slag.

[0022] Advantageous effects:

[0023] A trenchless reaming impactor provided by the present application is provided with a first joint at the front end of the bit of the impactor. The first joint is connected to a guiding and traction mechanism, and the guiding and traction mechanism controls the guiding of the drilling direction in a small-diameter pipeline to be reamed, ensuring the directivity of the drilling direction of the impactor. At the same time, the guiding and traction mechanism provides a tensile force in the axial direction of the bit, ensuring that the crushing surface of the bit closely adheres to the hole wall during drilling, effectively reducing the yaw during drilling and providing the stability of reaming drilling. Description of the drawings

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a trenchless reaming impactor of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a trenchless reaming impactor of the present application (including a centralizer);

[0027] Reference numerals: 1. end cap joint, 2. cylinder block, 2.1 outer cylinder, 2.2 inner cylinder, 3. check valve, 4. air distribution seat, 5. air distribution rod, 6. piston, 7. bit, 8. first joint, 9. bushing, 10. drill rod sleeve, 11. rear chamber, 12. front chamber, 13. first air distribution channel, 14. second air distribution channel, 15. centralizer, 15.1 mandrel, 15.2 alignment plate, 16. drill pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly disposed on the other element; when an element is referred to as "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0030] It should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0031] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" and "several" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0032] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions for the present application to be implemented. Therefore, they do not have a substantial technical meaning. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the efficacy that the present application can produce and the purpose that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present application.

[0033] Refer to Figure 1-2As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a trenchless reaming impactor, which includes: an end cap joint 1, a cylinder body 2, a check valve 3, a gas distribution seat 4, a gas distribution rod 5, a piston 6, a bushing 9, a bit socket 10, a drill bit 7 and a first joint 8; one end of the cylinder body is installed with the end cap joint, and the other end of the cylinder body is installed with the drill bit; the piston is movably installed in the cylinder body, and a front chamber 12 is formed between the front end of the piston 6 and the cylinder body 2, and a rear chamber 11 is formed between the rear end of the piston 6 and the cylinder body 2; the gas distribution seat 4 is installed in the cylinder body 2, the gas distribution rod is installed on the gas distribution seat, one end of the gas distribution rod passes through the end cap joint, and an air inlet passage is provided in the gas distribution rod at this end, and the check valve 3 is arranged in the air inlet passage; the other end of the gas distribution rod is inserted into the piston; a gas distribution passage is formed between the cylinder body 2, the piston 6 and the gas distribution rod 4, and the outlet of the air inlet passage in the gas distribution rod communicates with the gas distribution passage through the gas distribution seat; when the piston reciprocates in the cylinder body, the gas distribution passage alternately communicates with the front chamber and the rear chamber; the gas distribution passage includes: a first gas distribution passage 13 formed between the outer peripheral wall of the piston and the cylinder body, and a second gas distribution passage 14 formed between the gas distribution rod and the inner hole of the piston. One end of the first joint is connected to the drill bit, and the other end of the first joint is used to connect the guiding and traction mechanism.

[0034] During operation, first use traditional trenchless tunneling equipment to drill a small-diameter guiding hole along the designed drilling route direction, and then use the trenchless reaming impactor of the present application for reaming. A first joint is provided at the front end of the drill bit of the impactor, and the guiding and traction mechanism is connected through the first joint. The guiding and traction mechanism controls the guiding of the drilling direction in the small-diameter pipeline to be reamed, ensuring the orientation of the impactor's drilling direction; at the same time, the guiding and traction mechanism provides the pulling force in the axial direction of the drill bit, ensuring that the crushing surface of the drill bit closely adheres to the bottom surface of the hole during drilling, effectively crushing the rock, and at the same time ensuring that the outer circle of the centralizer closely adheres to the hole wall of the drilled hole, effectively reducing the yaw during drilling and providing the stability of the reaming drilling.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the other end of the first joint is connected to a guiding and traction mechanism, and the guiding and traction mechanism includes: a drill pipe 16 connected to the first joint 8, and a power device connected to the drill pipe to provide traction force. The power device is an existing trenchless drilling rig equipment.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the cylinder body 2 includes an outer cylinder 2.1 and an inner cylinder 2.2; the inner cylinder is arranged in the rear chamber, and a transition air passage communicating with the gas distribution passage is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;

[0037] The gas distribution seat is installed on the inner cylinder, and the gas distribution seat is provided with a gas distribution hole passage. One end of the gas distribution hole passage communicates with the air inlet passage of the gas distribution rod, and the other end of the gas distribution hole passage communicates with the transition air passage.

[0038] A bushing is provided inside the outer cylinder near one end of the drill bit. When the piston moves into the bushing, the front chamber is closed. A chuck sleeve is provided inside one end of the outer cylinder, and the drill bit is splined to the chuck sleeve at one end of the outer cylinder. The drill bit is provided with slag blowing holes communicating with the front chamber. Preferably, the outlet ends of the slag blowing holes are inclined with respect to the breaking surface of the drill bit to facilitate blowing out the broken soil.

[0039] Specifically, the other end of the air distribution rod penetrates through the piston and is inserted and connected to the drill bit, and a transition air flow channel is provided inside the air distribution rod at this end. The slag blowing holes of the drill bit communicate with the transition air flow channel, and the transition air flow channel communicates with the front chamber.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the trenchless reaming impactor of the present application further includes: a centralizer 15 provided at the end of the end cap joint, and the centralizer is used to stabilize the drilling direction of the cylinder body and the drill bit. Specifically, the centralizer 15 includes: a core shaft 15.1, and a centralizing plate 15.2 sleeved on the core shaft; an axial air duct is provided inside the core shaft, one end of the core shaft is connected to the air distribution rod, and the axial air duct of the core shaft communicates with the check valve; the other end of the core shaft is used to be connected to an air pipe; a channel hole is provided between the centralizing plates along the axial direction of the core shaft, and the channel hole is used for discharging slag.

[0041] Refer to Figure 1 , for the trenchless reaming impactor of the present application, both ends of the first joint are provided with tapered threads. The male threaded end of the first joint is connected to the air distribution rod, and the female threaded end of the first joint is connected to the drill pipe. The drill pipe is used to pull the first joint to make the cylinder body and the drill bit of the impactor rock along the direction of the guiding hole, so as to realize the guiding drilling of the impactor; the axial tensile force applied by the trenchless drilling rig to the drill pipe is transmitted to the drill bit of the impactor; it is ensured that the breaking surface of the drill bit closely adheres to the bottom surface of the hole during drilling, effectively breaking the rock, and at the same time ensuring that the outer circle of the centralizer closely adheres to the hole wall of the drilled hole, effectively reducing the deflection during drilling, and providing the stability of the reaming drilling. One end of the centralizer is connected to the air pipe, and the other end is connected to the air distribution rod of the impactor. Compressed air is input into the centralizer through the air pipe and then enters the air distribution rod and the air distribution seat for air distribution, so as to alternately connect the piston to the front chamber and the rear chamber. The piston reciprocates in the cylinder body to impact the drill bit, providing the impact power for breaking the drill bit.

[0042] During drilling construction, since the diameter of the reaming channel is much larger than that of the impactor, there is a large annular gap between the drilled hole and the outer cylinder of the impactor. The traditional outer cylinder of the impactor has no radial positioning. Under the action of the self-weight of the impactor and uneven forces at each position on the end face of the drill bit during rock drilling, the impact of the impactor will cause radial yaw, affecting the direction of the drilled hole, and easily resulting in equipment jamming and inability to operate, as well as excessive deviation of the hole position and scrapping. While the first joint of the reaming impactor of the present application is connected to the guiding and traction mechanism, a centralizer is arranged in cooperation with the rear end of the cylinder body of the impactor. The outer diameter of the centralizer is close to the reaming diameter, generally 2 to 10 millimeters smaller than the reaming diameter. The outer diameter of the centralizer is close to the reaming diameter, which can realize the radial positioning of the impactor, effectively reduce the yaw during the drilling process of the impactor, and ensure the accuracy of the drilling direction.

[0043] The impact principle of the trenchless impactor of the present application: Compressed gas enters the axial air duct in the mandrel of the centralizer through the air pipe connected to the centralizer, and then enters the air inlet channel of the air distribution rod. The compressed gas pushes open the check valve and spring installed in the air distribution rod and enters the cylinder body of the impactor. Through the air distribution hole channel of the air distribution seat, the transition air duct between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the outer cylinder, and the air distribution channel formed by the piston and the air distribution rod, it enters the front and rear cavities formed by the piston and the cylinder body, driving the piston to perform high-speed reciprocating motion in the axial direction, hitting the tail of the drill bit, and then breaking the rock through the alloy at the head of the drill bit to achieve rapid rock drilling and hole formation.

[0044] For the parts not described in detail above, reference is made to the prior art. At the same time, the above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A trenchless reaming impactor, characterized in that, It includes an end cap joint, a cylinder block, a check valve, a gas distribution seat, a gas distribution rod, a piston, a drill bit and a first joint; One end of the cylinder block is installed with the end cap joint, and the other end of the cylinder block is installed with the drill bit; The piston is movably installed in the cylinder block. A front chamber is formed between the front end of the piston and the cylinder block, and a rear chamber is formed between the rear end of the piston and the cylinder block; The gas distribution seat is installed in the cylinder block, the gas distribution rod is installed on the gas distribution seat, one end of the gas distribution rod passes through the end cap joint, and an air intake passage is provided in the gas distribution rod at this end, and the check valve is arranged in the air intake passage; the other end of the gas distribution rod is inserted into the piston; A gas distribution passage is formed among the cylinder block, the piston and the gas distribution rod. The outlet of the air intake passage in the gas distribution rod communicates with the gas distribution passage through the gas distribution seat; when the piston reciprocates in the cylinder block, the gas distribution passage alternately communicates with the front chamber and the rear chamber; One end of the first joint is connected to the drill bit, and the other end of the first joint is used to connect to a guiding and traction mechanism; The other end of the first joint is connected with a guiding and traction mechanism, and the guiding and traction mechanism includes: a drill pipe connected to the first joint, and a power device connected to the drill pipe to provide traction force; The trenchless reaming impactor further includes: a centralizer arranged at the end of the end cap joint, and the centralizer is used to stabilize the drilling direction of the cylinder block and the drill bit.

2. The trenchless reaming impactor according to claim 1, wherein, The gas distribution passage includes: a first gas distribution airway formed between the outer peripheral wall of the piston and the cylinder block, and a second gas distribution airway formed between the gas distribution rod and the inner hole of the piston.

3. The trenchless reaming impactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cylinder block includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is arranged in the rear chamber, and a transition airway communicating with the gas distribution passage is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.

4. The trenchless reaming impactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gas distribution seat is installed on the inner cylinder. The gas distribution seat is provided with a gas distribution hole passage. One end of the gas distribution hole passage communicates with the air intake passage of the gas distribution rod, and the other end of the gas distribution hole passage communicates with the transition airway.

5. The trenchless reaming impactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, A bushing is provided in the outer cylinder near one end of the drill bit. When the piston moves into the bushing, the front chamber is closed.

6. The trenchless reaming impactor according to claim 3, wherein, A chuck sleeve is provided in one end of the outer cylinder. The drill bit is connected to the chuck sleeve at one end of the outer cylinder by splines; blow slag holes communicating with the front chamber are provided on the drill bit.

7. The trenchless reaming impactor according to claim 6, wherein The other end of the gas distribution rod passes through the piston and is inserted and connected to the drill bit, and a transition air flow passage is provided in the gas distribution rod at this end. The blow slag holes of the drill bit are connected to the transition air flow passage, and the transition air flow passage communicates with the front chamber.

8. The trenchless reaming impactor according to claim 1, wherein, The centralizer includes: a mandrel, and a centralizing plate sleeved on the mandrel; An axial airway is provided in the mandrel. One end of the mandrel is connected to the gas distribution rod, and the axial airway of the mandrel communicates with the check valve; Channel holes are provided between the centralizing plates along the axial direction of the mandrel, and the channel holes are used for slag discharge.

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