A method for shaft excavation of a high-gas gas mountain tunnel

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and specifically relates to a method for excavating a vertical shaft of a mountain tunnel with high gas content, which includes the following steps: S1: Use a milling machine to form a retaining groove at a predetermined position, and pour concrete into the retaining groove to form a retaining wall; S2: Gradually dig out the soil inside the retaining wall from top to bottom, then build a bottom plate at the bottom of the retaining wall, and build an inner lining wall on the upper side of the bottom plate; S3: Lift the steel reinforcement cage into the gap between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall, and the pressing plate is pressed against the surfaces of the retaining wall and the inner lining wall under the action of the spring, and then pour concrete between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall, so as to connect the retaining wall and the inner lining wall into one body through the steel reinforcement cage and the concrete; This method can improve the fixing effect of the steel reinforcement cage inside the gap, is beneficial to the progress of the concrete pouring work, and can improve the connection strength between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall after pouring the concrete.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a method for excavating a vertical shaft of a high-gas mountain tunnel. Background Art

[0002] During tunnel construction, gas often gushes out. Ultra-deep shaft ventilation technology can reduce the ventilation distance, provide a good working environment for construction workers, and reduce the harm to workers' health caused by poor ventilation and smoke dispersion conditions.

[0003] A Chinese patent with publication number CN106498951A discloses a shaft excavation construction method, which includes the following steps: construction of retaining ground wall; shallow excavation of the shaft; water injection into the shaft where shallow excavation has been completed, and underwater excavation of the remaining part of the shaft in the water; casting the shaft bottom plate, and using the buoyancy of the water in the shaft to construct the lining wall of the shaft; casting the gap between the lining wall and the retaining ground wall. This construction method adopts a steel-concrete composite bottom plate structure to solve the problem of the joint force of the ultra-deep shaft bottom plate and the supporting structure, and improves the bottom plate's anti-floating ability. At the same time, it uses the buoyancy of water and combines the construction of lifting equipment to improve construction efficiency and reliable quality. Secondly, the use of undrained excavation solves the problem of the need to lower the depth of the pressurized water during the foundation pit excavation process, shortens the construction depth of the retaining ground wall, and reduces construction risks.

[0004] In the tunnel shaft excavation method in the above-mentioned prior art, one step is to hoist a steel cage into the gap between the retaining ground wall and the inner lining wall so as to connect the retaining ground wall and the inner lining wall as one by pouring concrete into the gap. However, since the width of the steel cage is smaller than the gap between the retaining ground wall and the inner lining wall, after the steel cage is hoisted into the gap, it is impossible for the steel cage to contact the retaining ground wall and the inner lining wall at the same time. After pouring concrete, the connection strength between the retaining ground wall and the inner lining wall is reduced. At the same time, the steel cage is easy to shake inside the gap, which is not conducive to the concrete pouring work.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a method for excavating a high-gas mountain tunnel shaft. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for excavating a vertical shaft of a high-gas mountain tunnel described in the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: Use a slot milling machine to form a retaining groove at a predetermined position, pour concrete into the retaining groove and form a retaining ground wall;

[0009] S2: Dig out the soil inside the retaining diaphragm wall step by step from top to bottom. Then, construct the bottom slab at the bottom of the retaining diaphragm wall, and construct the inner lining wall on the upper side of the bottom slab, and keep a gap between the inner lining wall and the retaining diaphragm wall.

[0010] S3: By arranging a plurality of pressing plates and springs on the surface of the steel reinforcement cage, hoist the steel reinforcement cage into the gap between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall. Under the action of the springs, the pressing plates are pressed against the surfaces of the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall. Then, pour concrete between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall, so as to connect the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall into one body through the steel reinforcement cage and the concrete.

[0011] In the tunneling shaft excavation method in the prior art, one step is to hoist the steel reinforcement cage into the gap between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall, so as to connect the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall into one body by pouring concrete into the gap. However, since the width of the steel reinforcement cage is smaller than the gap between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall, after the steel reinforcement cage is hoisted into the gap, the steel reinforcement cage surely cannot be in contact with the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall at the same time. After pouring concrete, the connection strength between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall is reduced, and at the same time, the steel reinforcement cage is likely to shake inside the gap, which is not conducive to the progress of the concrete pouring work. At this time, in the construction method of the present invention, by arranging a plurality of pressing plates and springs on the surface of the steel reinforcement cage, after the steel reinforcement cage is hoisted into the gap between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall, the pressing plates can be pressed against the surfaces of the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall under the action of the springs, improving the fixing effect of the steel reinforcement cage inside the gap, which is conducive to the progress of the concrete pouring work, and the connection strength between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall can be improved after pouring concrete.

[0012] Preferably, the steel reinforcement cage is formed by combining and welding a plurality of steel bars; a plurality of piston cylinders are fixedly connected to the two side surfaces of the steel reinforcement cage evenly; a piston plate is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder; a spring is fixedly connected between one side of the piston plate and the side wall of the piston cylinder, and a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the other side of the piston plate; the end of the connecting rod extending outside the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with a pressing plate. Hoist the steel reinforcement cage into the gap between the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall through a hoisting device. Then, under the action of the springs, the pressing plates are pressed against the surfaces of the retaining diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall, improving the fixing effect of the steel reinforcement cage inside the gap. And by arranging a plurality of pressing plates and springs, the compression length of the springs can be controlled adaptively. Even if the gaps between the retaining diaphragm walls and the inner lining walls at different positions are different, a good fixing effect can be achieved.

[0013] Preferably, sliding grooves and clamping grooves are respectively formed at positions where the piston plate and the side wall of the piston cylinder are close to each other; a slider is slidably connected inside the sliding groove, and one end of the slider is located inside the clamping groove; a spring is fixedly connected between the slider and the blind end of the sliding groove; the slider is controlled by a driving component, and the driving component can control the slider to slide inside the sliding groove; before hoisting, the slider is clamped between the sliding groove and the clamping groove, and at this time, the connecting rod retracts into the piston cylinder to facilitate hoisting the steel reinforcement cage into the gap between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall, avoiding the problem of difficult hoisting caused by mutual friction between the pressing plate and the gap. After the steel reinforcement cage is completely hoisted into the gap, the driving component is used to control the slider to disengage from the clamping groove, and then the spring pushes the piston plate to slide outward, thereby pressing the pressing plate against the surfaces of the retaining wall and the inner lining wall.

[0014] Preferably, the driving component is an elastic block I fixedly connected to the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage, and the elastic block I is made of rubber material; the elastic block I is arranged in a hollow structure, and the elastic block I is communicated with the clamping groove through a pipeline; by arranging the elastic block I at the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage, after the steel reinforcement cage is hoisted into the gap, the elastic block I will be squeezed by the steel reinforcement cage and the bottom of the gap, and then the elastic block I will deform, and the air inside it will be introduced into the clamping groove through the pipeline to push the slider out of the clamping groove, thereby realizing the automatic outward extension function of the pressing plate without additional manual control.

[0015] Preferably, a through hole is formed at a position on the side wall of the piston cylinder far from the connecting rod; by arranging the through hole on the side wall of the piston cylinder, when pouring concrete into the gap, the concrete will simultaneously enter the piston cylinder through the through hole and gradually fill the piston cylinder. Then, after the concrete hardens, the piston plate will be fixed inside the piston cylinder, thereby fixing the position of the pressing plate and improving the fixing degree of the steel reinforcement cage inside the gap, and further improving the connection stability between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall.

[0016] Preferably, a guide groove is formed on the side wall surface of the through hole; a guide block is slidably connected inside the guide groove, and one end of the guide block is located inside the through hole and blocks the through hole; an expansion block is fixedly connected to the outside of the piston cylinder near the guide groove, and the expansion block is made of a water-swellable material; a top plate is fixedly connected to the end of the expansion block far from the piston cylinder; a connecting rope is fixedly connected to one end of the top plate close to the expansion block, and the other end of the connecting rope extends into the guide groove and is fixedly connected to the guide block; the connecting rope is slidably connected between the expansion block and the side wall of the piston cylinder; by arranging the guide block to block the through hole, it is avoided that during the transportation or use of the steel reinforcement cage, foreign matters from the outside enter the piston cylinder through the through hole, resulting in the problem that the piston plate cannot slide normally. When pouring concrete, the expansion block outside the piston cylinder contacts the concrete and will absorb the moisture inside the concrete, causing the expansion block to expand and elongate and push the top plate to move away from the piston cylinder. Then, the top plate pulls the guide block to retract into the guide groove through the connecting rope, making the through hole in an open state, and at this time, the concrete can enter the piston cylinder through the through hole.

[0017] Preferably, magnets are inlaid and fixedly connected to the surface of the side wall of the through hole; the guide block is made of a magnetic material, and the guide block and the magnet attract each other; by arranging the magnet to attract the guide block, the guide block is always located inside the through hole and blocks the through hole under normal conditions, improving the blocking effect of the guide block on the through hole.

[0018] Preferably, an installation cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the piston cylinder, and the expansion block is located inside the installation cylinder; both the top plate and the installation cylinder are made of grid materials; since both the top plate and the installation cylinder are made of grid materials, the concrete can pass through the top plate and the installation cylinder and contact the expansion block, and the installation cylinder can limit the expansion direction of the expansion block, avoiding the problem that the expansion block expands sideways, resulting in low elongation efficiency of the expansion block.

[0019] Preferably, a plurality of grooves are evenly formed on the side of the pressing plate away from the connecting rod; guide holes are formed at the bottom of the grooves and penetrate through the pressing plate; by arranging the grooves on the surface of the pressing plate, the friction coefficient of the pressing plate can be increased, the friction force between the pressing plate and the retaining wall or the inner lining wall can be increased, avoiding the problem of slipping when the pressing plate extends outwards, and by arranging the guide holes, the concrete can enter the grooves through the guide holes, and then the concrete hardened inside the grooves and the guide holes can improve the fixing degree between the pressing plate and the retaining wall or the inner lining wall.

[0020] Preferably, elastic blocks II are fixedly connected to the surface of the pressing plate between adjacent grooves, and the elastic blocks II are made of rubber materials; the elastic blocks II are arranged in a hollow structure, and the elastic blocks II are communicated with the grooves through air holes; by arranging the elastic blocks II, when the pressing plate is pressed against the surface of the retaining wall or the inner lining wall, the elastic blocks II will be squeezed, and then the elastic blocks II will deform, and the air inside them is blown into the grooves through the air holes to clean the impurities inside the grooves, avoiding the problem that when the impurities on the surface of the retaining wall or the inner lining wall enter the grooves, and then the concrete cannot smoothly contact the retaining wall or the inner lining wall when entering the grooves, resulting in poor fixing effect of the pressing plate.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. For a method for excavating a vertical shaft of a high-gas gas mountain tunnel described in the present invention, by arranging a plurality of pressing plates and springs on the surface of the steel reinforcement cage, after the steel reinforcement cage is hoisted into the gap between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall, the pressing plates can be pressed against the surfaces of the retaining wall and the inner lining wall under the action of the springs, improving the fixing effect of the steel reinforcement cage inside the gap, facilitating the concrete pouring work, and improving the connection strength between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall after pouring the concrete.

[0023] 2. The shaft excavation method for a high-gas gas mountain tunnel according to the present invention, by setting an elastic block 1 at the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage, after the steel reinforcement cage is hoisted into the gap, the elastic block 1 will be squeezed by the steel reinforcement cage and the bottom of the gap, and then the elastic block 1 will deform, and the air inside it will be introduced into the card slot through the pipeline, pushing the slider out of the card slot, so as to realize the automatic outward extension function of the pressing plate without additional manual control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the shaft in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the steel reinforcement cage in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial enlarged view of part A in

[0029] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pressing plate in the present invention;

[0030] In the figure: retaining wall 1, bottom plate 2, inner lining wall 3, steel reinforcement cage 4, piston cylinder 5, piston plate 6, connecting rod 7, pressing plate 8, chute 9, card slot 10, slider 11, elastic block 1 12, through hole 13, guide groove 14, guide block 15, expansion block 16, top plate 17, connecting rope 18, magnet 19, mounting cylinder 20, groove 21, guide hole 22, elastic block 2 23, air hole 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0032] As Figures 1 to 2 shown, a shaft excavation method for a high-gas gas mountain tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0033] S1: Use a milling machine to form a retaining groove at a predetermined position, pour concrete into the retaining groove to form a retaining wall 1;

[0034] S2: Gradually dig out the soil inside the retaining wall 1 from top to bottom, then build a bottom plate 2 at the bottom of the retaining wall 1, build an inner lining wall 3 on the upper side of the bottom plate 2, and keep a gap between the inner lining wall 3 and the retaining wall 1;

[0035] S3: By arranging a plurality of pressing plates 8 and springs on the surface of the reinforcement cage 4, the reinforcement cage 4 is hoisted into the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3. Under the action of the springs, the pressing plates 8 are pressed against the surfaces of the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3. Then, concrete is poured between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3, so that the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 are connected into one body through the reinforcement cage 4 and the concrete;

[0036] In the existing tunnel shaft excavation method, one step is to hoist the reinforcement cage 4 into the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 to connect the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 into one body by pouring concrete into the gap. However, since the width of the reinforcement cage 4 is smaller than the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3, after the reinforcement cage 4 is hoisted into the gap, the reinforcement cage 4 surely cannot contact the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 simultaneously. After pouring concrete, the connection strength between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 is reduced, and at the same time, the reinforcement cage 4 easily sways inside the gap, which is not conducive to the concrete pouring work. At this time, in the construction method of the present invention, by arranging a plurality of pressing plates 8 and springs on the surface of the reinforcement cage 4, after the reinforcement cage 4 is hoisted into the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3, the pressing plates 8 can be pressed against the surfaces of the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 under the action of the springs, improving the fixing effect of the reinforcement cage 4 inside the gap, which is conducive to the concrete pouring work, and the connection strength between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 can be improved after pouring concrete.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] As Figures 3 to 4 shown, the reinforcement cage 4 is formed by combining and welding a plurality of steel bars; a plurality of piston cylinders 5 are uniformly fixed on both side surfaces of the reinforcement cage 4; a piston plate 6 is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder 5; a spring is fixed between one side of the piston plate 6 and the side wall of the piston cylinder 5, and a connecting rod 7 is fixed on the other side of the piston plate 6; the end of the connecting rod 7 extending outside the piston cylinder 5 is fixed with a pressing plate 8. The reinforcement cage 4 is hoisted into the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 by a hoisting device. Then, the pressing plate 8 is pressed against the surfaces of the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 under the action of the spring, improving the fixing effect of the reinforcement cage 4 inside the gap. And by arranging a plurality of pressing plates 8 and springs, the compression length of the spring can be adaptively controlled. Even if the gaps between the retaining wall 1 and the lining wall 3 at different positions are different, a good fixing effect can also be achieved.

[0039] At positions where the piston plate 6 and the side wall of the piston cylinder 5 are close to each other, a sliding groove 9 and a clamping groove 10 are respectively provided; a sliding block 11 is slidably connected inside the sliding groove 9, and one end of the sliding block 11 is located inside the clamping groove 10; a spring is fixedly connected between the sliding block 11 and the blind end of the sliding groove 9; the sliding block 11 is controlled by a driving assembly, and the driving assembly can control the sliding of the sliding block 11 inside the sliding groove 9; before hoisting, the sliding block 11 is clamped between the sliding groove 9 and the clamping groove 10. At this time, the connecting rod 7 retracts into the piston cylinder 5 to facilitate hoisting the steel reinforcement cage 4 into the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3, avoiding the problem of difficult hoisting caused by mutual friction between the pressing plate 8 and the gap. After the steel reinforcement cage 4 is completely hoisted into the gap, the driving assembly is used to control the sliding block 11 to disengage from the clamping groove 10. Then, the spring pushes the piston plate 6 to slide outward, thereby pressing the pressing plate 8 against the surfaces of the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3.

[0040] The driving assembly is an elastic block 12 fixedly connected to the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage 4, and the elastic block 12 is made of rubber material; the elastic block 12 is arranged in a hollow structure, and the elastic block 12 is interconnected with the clamping groove 10 through a pipeline; by arranging the elastic block 12 at the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage 4, after the steel reinforcement cage 4 is hoisted into the gap, the elastic block 12 will be squeezed by the steel reinforcement cage 4 and the bottom of the gap. Then, the elastic block 12 deforms, and the air inside it is introduced into the clamping groove 10 through the pipeline, pushing the sliding block 11 to disengage from the clamping groove 10, thereby realizing the automatic outward extension function of the pressing plate 8 without additional manual control.

[0041] A through hole 13 is provided at a position on the side wall of the piston cylinder 5 far from the connecting rod 7; by providing the through hole 13 on the side wall of the piston cylinder 5, when pouring concrete into the gap, the concrete will synchronously enter the piston cylinder 5 through the through hole 13 and gradually fill the piston cylinder 5. Then, after the concrete hardens, the piston plate 6 will be fixed inside the piston cylinder 5, thereby fixing the position of the pressing plate 8, improving the fixing degree of the steel reinforcement cage 4 inside the gap, and further enhancing the connection stability between the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3.

[0042] A guide groove 14 is formed on the side wall surface of the through hole 13; a guide block 15 is slidably connected inside the guide groove 14, and one end of the guide block 15 is located inside the through hole 13 to block the through hole 13; an expansion block 16 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the piston cylinder 5 near the guide groove 14, and the expansion block 16 is made of a water-swellable material; one end of the expansion block 16 away from the piston cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to a top plate 17; a connecting rope 18 is fixedly connected to one end of the top plate 17 close to the expansion block 16, and the other end of the connecting rope 18 extends into the guide groove 14 and is fixedly connected to the guide block 15; the connecting rope 18 is slidably connected between the expansion block 16 and the side wall of the piston cylinder 5; by providing the guide block 15 to block the through hole 13, it is avoided that during the transportation or use of the steel reinforcement cage 4, foreign matters from the outside enter the piston cylinder 5 through the through hole 13, resulting in the problem that the piston plate 6 cannot slide normally. When pouring concrete, the expansion block 16 outside the piston cylinder 5 contacts the concrete, absorbs the moisture inside the concrete, causes the expansion block 16 to expand and elongate, and pushes the top plate 17 to move away from the piston cylinder 5. Furthermore, the top plate 17 pulls the guide block 15 to retract into the guide groove 14 through the connecting rope 18, so that the through hole 13 is in an open state, and at this time, the concrete can enter the piston cylinder 5 through the through hole 13.

[0043] A magnet 19 is embedded and fixedly connected to the side wall surface of the through hole 13; the guide block 15 is made of a magnetic material, and the guide block 15 and the magnet 19 attract each other; by providing the magnet 19 to attract the guide block 15, the guide block 15 is always located inside the through hole 13 and blocks the through hole 13 under normal conditions, improving the blocking effect of the guide block 15 on the through hole 13.

[0044] An installation cylinder 20 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the piston cylinder 5, and the expansion block 16 is located inside the installation cylinder 20; both the top plate 17 and the installation cylinder 20 are made of mesh materials; since both the top plate 17 and the installation cylinder 20 are made of mesh materials, the concrete can pass through the top plate 17 and the installation cylinder 20 and contact the expansion block 16, and the installation cylinder 20 can limit the expansion direction of the expansion block 16, avoiding the problem that the expansion block 16 expands laterally, resulting in low elongation efficiency of the expansion block 16.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] As Figure 5As shown, compared with the first comparative example, another implementation manner of the present invention is as follows: A plurality of grooves 21 are evenly formed on the side of the pressing plate 8 away from the connecting rod 7; a guide hole 22 is formed at the bottom of the groove 21, and the guide hole 22 penetrates through the pressing plate 8; by providing the grooves 21 on the surface of the pressing plate 8, the friction coefficient of the pressing plate 8 can be increased, and the friction force between the pressing plate 8 and the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 can be increased, so as to avoid the problem of slipping when the pressing plate 8 extends outwards. And by providing the guide hole 22, the concrete can enter the inside of the groove 21 through the guide hole 22. Then, after the concrete inside the groove 21 and the guide hole 22 hardens, the fixing degree between the pressing plate 8 and the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 can be improved.

[0047] An elastic block II 23 is fixedly connected to the surface of the pressing plate 8 between adjacent grooves 21, and the elastic block II 23 is made of rubber material; the elastic block II 23 is provided with a hollow structure, and the elastic block II 23 is interconnected with the groove 21 through an air hole 24; by providing the elastic block II 23, when the pressing plate 8 is pressed against the surface of the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3, the elastic block II 23 will be squeezed, and then the elastic block II 23 deforms, and the air inside it is blown into the inside of the groove 21 through the air hole 24 to clean the impurities inside the groove 21, so as to avoid the problem that when the impurities on the surface of the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 enter the groove 21, the concrete cannot smoothly contact the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 when it enters the groove 21, resulting in poor fixing effect of the pressing plate 8.

[0048] Working principle: The steel reinforcement cage 4 is hoisted into the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3 by a hoisting device. Then, under the action of the spring, the pressing plate 8 is pressed against the surfaces of the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3, improving the fixing effect of the steel reinforcement cage 4 inside the gap. By setting multiple pressing plates 8 and springs, the compression length of the spring can be adaptively controlled. Even if the gaps between the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3 at different positions are different, a good fixing effect can still be achieved. Before hoisting, the slider 11 is clamped between the chute 9 and the card slot 10. At this time, the connecting rod 7 retracts into the piston cylinder 5 to facilitate hoisting the steel reinforcement cage 4 into the gap between the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3, avoiding the problem of difficult hoisting caused by mutual friction between the pressing plate 8 and the gap. After the steel reinforcement cage 4 is completely hoisted into the gap, the driving component is used to control the slider 11 to disengage from the card slot 10. Then, the spring pushes the piston plate 6 to slide outward, thus pressing the pressing plate 8 against the surfaces of the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3. By setting the elastic block 12 at the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage 4, after the steel reinforcement cage 4 is hoisted into the gap, the elastic block 12 will be squeezed by the steel reinforcement cage 4 and the bottom of the gap. Then, the elastic block 12 deforms, and the air inside it is introduced into the card slot 10 through the pipeline, pushing the slider 11 to disengage from the card slot 10, thus realizing the automatic outward extension function of the pressing plate 8 without additional manual control. By setting through holes 13 on the side wall of the piston cylinder 5, when pouring concrete into the gap, the concrete will simultaneously enter the piston cylinder 5 through the through holes 13 and gradually fill the piston cylinder 5. Then, after the concrete hardens, it will fix the piston plate 6 inside the piston cylinder 5, thereby fixing the position of the pressing plate 8 and improving the fixing degree of the steel reinforcement cage 4 inside the gap, further enhancing the connection stability between the retaining wall 1 and the inner lining wall 3. By setting the guide block 15 to block the through holes 13, it is avoided that during the transportation or use of the steel reinforcement cage 4, foreign objects from the outside enter the piston cylinder 5 through the through holes 13, resulting in the problem that the piston plate 6 cannot slide normally. When pouring concrete, the expansion block 16 outside the piston cylinder 5 contacts the concrete and absorbs the moisture inside the concrete, causing the expansion block 16 to expand and elongate and push the top plate 17 to move away from the piston cylinder 5. Then, the top plate 17 pulls the guide block 15 to retract into the guide groove 14 through the connecting rope 18, making the through holes 13 in an open state, and at this time the concrete can enter the piston cylinder 5 through the through holes 13. By setting a magnet 19 to attract the guide block 15, the guide block 15 is always located inside the through holes 13 and blocks the through holes 13 under normal conditions, improving the blocking effect of the guide block 15 on the through holes 13. Since both the top plate 17 and the installation cylinder 20 are made of grid materials, the concrete can pass through the top plate 17 and the installation cylinder 20 and contact the expansion block 16, and the installation cylinder 20 can limit the expansion direction of the expansion block 16, avoiding the problem that the expansion block 16 expands laterally, resulting in low elongation efficiency of the expansion block 16.By providing a groove 21 on the surface of the pressing plate 8, the friction coefficient of the pressing plate 8 can be increased, and the frictional force between the pressing plate 8 and the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 can be increased, thus avoiding the problem of slipping when the pressing plate 8 extends outwards. Moreover, by providing a guide hole 22, the concrete can enter the inside of the groove 21 through the guide hole 22. Then, after the concrete inside the groove 21 and the guide hole 22 hardens, the fixing degree between the pressing plate 8 and the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 can be improved. By providing the second elastic block 23, when the pressing plate 8 is pressed against the surface of the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3, the second elastic block 23 will be squeezed, and then the second elastic block 23 will deform, and the air inside it will be blown into the inside of the groove 21 through the air hole 24 to clean the impurities inside the groove 21, so as to avoid the problem that when the impurities on the surface of the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 enter the groove 21 and then the concrete cannot smoothly contact the retaining diaphragm wall 1 or the inner lining wall 3 when entering the groove 21, resulting in poor fixing effect of the pressing plate 8.

[0049] The above front, back, left, right, up, and down are all based on the Figure 1 description in the attached drawings of the specification. Taking the perspective of the observer as the standard, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the description in the specification only illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for excavating a vertical shaft in a mountain tunnel with high gas content, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Use a grooving machine to form a retaining groove at a predetermined position, pour concrete into the retaining groove to form a retaining wall; S2: Gradually dig out the soil inside the retaining wall from top to bottom, then build a bottom slab at the bottom of the retaining wall, build an inner lining wall on the upper side of the bottom slab, and keep a gap between the inner lining wall and the retaining wall; S3: By arranging a plurality of pressing plates and springs on the surface of the steel reinforcement cage, hoist the steel reinforcement cage into the gap between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall. Under the action of the springs, the pressing plates are pressed against the surfaces of the retaining wall and the inner lining wall, and then pour concrete between the retaining wall and the inner lining wall, so as to connect the retaining wall and the inner lining wall into one body through the steel reinforcement cage and the concrete; The steel reinforcement cage is formed by combining and welding a plurality of steel bars; A plurality of piston cylinders are evenly fixedly connected to both side surfaces of the steel reinforcement cage; A piston plate is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder; A spring is fixedly connected between one side of the piston plate and the side wall of the piston cylinder, and a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the other side of the piston plate; The end of the connecting rod extending outside the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with a pressing plate; Chutes and clamping grooves are respectively formed at positions where the piston plate and the side wall of the piston cylinder are close to each other; A slider is slidably connected inside the chute, and one end of the slider is located inside the clamping groove; A spring is fixedly connected between the slider and the blind end of the chute; The slider is controlled by a driving component, and the driving component can control the slider to slide inside the chute; The driving component is an elastic block I fixedly connected to the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage, and the elastic block I is made of rubber material; The elastic block I is arranged in a hollow structure, and the elastic block I is communicated with the clamping groove through a pipeline; A through hole is formed in the side wall of the piston cylinder away from the connecting rod; A guide groove is formed on the side wall surface of the through hole; A guide block is slidably connected inside the guide groove, and one end of the guide block is located inside the through hole to block the through hole; An expansion block is fixedly connected to the outer side of the piston cylinder close to the guide groove, and the expansion block is made of a water-swellable material; A top plate is fixedly connected to the end of the expansion block away from the piston cylinder; A connecting rope is fixedly connected to one end of the top plate close to the expansion block, and the other end of the connecting rope extends into the guide groove and is fixedly connected to the guide block; The connecting rope is slidably connected between the expansion block and the side wall of the piston cylinder; 2. A method for excavating a vertical shaft in a mountain tunnel with high gas content according to claim 1, characterized in that: A magnet is inlaid and fixedly connected to the side wall surface of the through hole; The guide block is made of a magnetic material, and the guide block and the magnet attract each other; 3. A method for excavating a vertical shaft in a mountain tunnel with high gas content according to claim 2, characterized in that: An installation cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer side of the piston cylinder, and the expansion block is located inside the installation cylinder; Both the top plate and the installation cylinder are made of mesh materials; 4. A method for excavating a vertical shaft in a high-gas gas mountain tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of grooves are evenly formed on the side of the pressing plate away from the connecting rod; A guide hole is formed at the bottom of the groove, and the guide hole penetrates through the pressing plate; 5. A method for excavating a vertical shaft in a mountain tunnel with high gas content, as claimed in claim 4, wherein: An elastic block II is fixedly connected to the surface of the pressing plate between adjacent grooves, and the elastic block II is made of rubber material; The elastic block II is arranged in a hollow structure, and the elastic block II is communicated with the groove through an air hole;

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