A single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, and discloses a single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations, including a bit body. The lower surface of the bit body is an inclined surface, and a fixing member is installed on the inclined surface. A cone is installed on the outer side of the fixing member. A liquid guide hole is formed inside the bit body, and a through hole is formed inside the fixing member. The through hole communicates with the external space located at the lower left side of the cone. A first jet hole and a second jet hole are formed inside the bit body. An induction mechanism is arranged inside the bit body. A clamping groove is formed inside the bit body, and a connecting rod is movably clamped in the clamping groove. A rotating mechanism is arranged inside the bit body. A sliding groove is formed on the bit body, and a sliding member is installed in the sliding groove. Through the arrangement of the sliding member and the sliding groove, the drilling fluid can drive the rock and soil debris and is not likely to be blocked in the annular space, thereby reducing the probability that the components inside the device are under great pressure for a long time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, and particularly to a single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations. Background Art

[0002] A single-cone bit is a type of drilling tool, which is suitable for small-hole drilling operations such as deepening old wells. The main feature of the single-cone bit is that all the cutting teeth of the bit are diamond composite teeth. Since the composite teeth perform better on hard or extremely hard formations, the performance of the single-cone bit is improved.

[0003] The existing single-cone bit mainly consists of a bit body and a cone, as Figure 6 shown. During operation, first, the rotary mechanism drives the bit body and the cone to rotate synchronously. Then, the pushing mechanism drives the bit body and the cone to move downward and contact the bottom wall of the well to be deepened. During this process, the rotating cone contacts the rock formation. As a result, while the cone revolves with the bit body, it will rotate synchronously. Through the above actions, the diamond composite teeth on the cone are used to extrude and scrape the rock formation, causing the rock formation to be broken. During this process, the infusion pump will simultaneously introduce drilling fluid into the bit body, so that the drilling fluid passes through the bit body and the cone, and then contacts the broken rock and soil debris at the bottom of the well, and the rock and soil debris passes through the annular space between the single-cone bit and the well wall, and then the drilling is discharged. Through the above actions, the well deepening operation is completed. However, during the above process, due to the relatively small cross-sectional area of the annular space, it is easy to cause a certain degree of blockage in the annular space during the process of the drilling fluid driving the rock and soil debris to move upward. At this time, since the subsequent drilling fluid still continuously enters the bottom of the well, the liquid pressure inside the single-cone bit increases. And the components inside the bit are under a large pressure for a long time, which will reduce the service life of the components, and thus affect the service life of the single-cone bit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies existing in the use of the existing single-cone bit in the background art, the present invention provides a single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations, which has the advantages of reducing the probability that the components inside the bit are under a large pressure for a long time and improving the service life of the single-cone bit, and solves the technical problems proposed in the above background art.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations, including a bit body. The lower surface of the bit body is arranged in an inclined plane structure. A fixing member is installed on the inclined plane. A cone with cutting teeth on its outer side is rotatably installed in a sealed manner on the outside of the fixing member to break the rock and soil layers in the drilling. An annular space is formed between the bit body and the inside of the drilling. A ball cavity is jointly opened inside the cone and the fixing member. A ball is arranged in the ball cavity. A liquid guide hole with its upper side port communicated with an infusion pump is opened at the middle position inside the bit body. A through hole is opened inside the fixing member. The lower side port of the through hole is communicated with the outside space at the lower left side position of the cone. A first injection hole and a second injection hole are opened at the position below the liquid guide hole inside the bit body. The upper side port of the first injection hole is communicated with the lower side port of the liquid guide hole. The lower side port of the first injection hole faces the upper left side position of the cone. The second injection hole communicates the lower side port of the liquid guide hole with the upper side port of the through hole. An induction mechanism is arranged at the right side position of the liquid guide hole inside the bit body. A clamping groove is opened at the position below the induction mechanism inside the bit body. A connecting rod is movably clamped in the clamping groove. The upper end of the connecting rod is connected to the induction mechanism. A rotating mechanism is arranged at the position below the liquid guide hole inside the bit body. The rotating mechanism is connected to the lower end of the connecting rod. Sliding grooves are equidistantly opened on the circumferential side surface of the bit body. A sliding member is movably installed in a sealed manner in the sliding groove. The inner side surface of the sliding member is connected to the rotating mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the induction mechanism includes an induction groove, an induction member and an elastic member. The induction groove is opened at the right side position of the liquid guide hole inside the bit body. The induction member is movably installed in a sealed manner in the groove body of the induction groove. The groove body at the left side position of the induction member in the induction groove is communicated with the liquid guide hole. The elastic member is installed between the right side surface of the induction member and the right side surface of the induction groove. The elastic force of the elastic member is greater than the liquid pressure in the liquid guide hole during the normal operation of the device, and the elastic force of the elastic member is less than the liquid pressure in the liquid guide hole when the annular space is blocked.

[0007] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a rotating cavity, a rotating wheel, a driving connecting rod and a driven connecting rod. The rotating cavity is opened at the position below the liquid guide hole inside the bit body. The rotating wheel is rotatably installed in the rotating cavity. The driving connecting rod is eccentrically hinged on the upper surface of the rotating wheel. The other end of the driving connecting rod forms a rotating connection with the lower end of the connecting rod. The driven connecting rods are equidistantly hinged on the circumferential side surface of the rotating wheel. The other end of the driven connecting rod extends out of the rotating cavity.

[0008] Preferably, the sliding groove is arranged at an inclined angle in the clockwise direction, and the bit body rotates clockwise during operation.

[0009] Preferably, in the initial state, the driven connecting rod is arranged at a vertical angle with respect to the circumferential side of the runner.

[0010] Preferably, boosting holes are equidistantly arranged inside the drill bit body at the circumferential side of the liquid guiding hole. The inner port of the boosting hole communicates with the liquid guiding hole, and the outer port of the boosting hole is opened on the inner wall of the sliding groove. In the initial state, the sliding member closes the outer port of the boosting hole.

[0011] Preferably, the outer port of the boosting hole is arranged at an upward inclination angle.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. Through the arrangement of the sliding member and the sliding groove in the present invention, when the liquid pressure inside the drill bit body is relatively large, the sliding member will penetrate into the sliding groove, thereby causing the sliding groove to communicate with the above-mentioned annular space, resulting in an increase in the cross-sectional area of the annular space. Through this action, it is further enabled that the drilling fluid driving the rock and soil debris is not easily blocked in the annular space, thereby reducing the probability that the components inside the device are subjected to large pressures for a long time.

[0014] 2. Through the arrangement of the sliding groove and the drill bit body in the present invention, during the above process, the clockwise rotating drill bit body will drive the sliding groove to rotate synchronously, thereby causing the side wall of the sliding groove to generate a pumping effect on the drilling fluid in the annular space, enabling the drilling fluid to drive the rock and soil debris to effectively move upward. Through this action, the probability that the components inside the device are subjected to large pressures for a long time is further reduced.

[0015] 3. Through the arrangement of the sliding member and the boosting hole in the present invention, during the process of the sliding member penetrating into the sliding groove, the boosting hole will communicate with the annular space, and thus a part of the drilling fluid inside the drill bit body will impact the rock and soil debris blocked at the outer side of the sliding member through the boosting hole, causing the blocked rock and soil debris at this position to be subjected to not only the liquid impact force from bottom to top but also the lateral liquid impact force, thereby reducing the probability of blockage of the rock and soil debris. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the operating state of the sliding member in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is for the present invention Figure 1 a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at A in;

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection state between the runner and the driven connecting rod in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection state between the sliding groove and the sliding member in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drill bit body in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the prior art.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Drill bit body; 2. Fixing part; 3. Cone; 4. Ball; 5. Liquid guide hole; 6. Induction groove; 7. Induction part; 8. Elastic part; 9. Card slot; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Rotating cavity; 12. Rotating wheel; 13. Active connecting rod; 14. Driven connecting rod; 15. Sliding groove; 16. Sliding part; 17. Boosting hole. Specific embodiments

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment 1

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6, a single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations, comprising a bit body 1. The bit body 1 rotates clockwise during operation. The circumferential outer surface of the bit body 1 is welded with gauge teeth at equal intervals. The lower surface of the bit body 1 is arranged in an inclined plane structure, and a fixing member 2 is welded on this inclined plane. A cone 3 is rotatably installed outside the fixing member 2 in a sealed manner. The outer surface of the cone 3 is welded with cutting teeth at equal intervals to break the rock and soil layers in the wellbore. An annular space is formed between the bit body 1 and the inside of the wellbore. A ball cavity is jointly opened inside the cone 3 and the fixing member 2. A plurality of balls 4 are arranged circumferentially at equal intervals in the ball cavity. A liquid guide hole 5 is opened at the middle position inside the bit body 1. The upper port of the liquid guide hole 5 is communicated with an infusion pump (prior art). An induction groove 6 is opened at the right side position of the liquid guide hole 5 inside the bit body 1. An induction member 7 is slidably installed in a sealed manner in the groove body of the induction groove 6 (this connection relationship is similar to the connection relationship between an oil cylinder and a piston in the prior art). The groove body of the induction groove 6 located on the left side of the induction member 7 is communicated with the liquid guide hole 5. An elastic member 8 is fixedly installed on the right side surface of the induction member 7. The right end of the elastic member 8 is connected to the right side surface of the induction groove 6. The elastic force of the elastic member 8 is greater than the liquid pressure in the liquid guide hole 5 during the normal operation of this device, and the elastic force of the elastic member 8 is less than the liquid pressure in the liquid guide hole 5 when the annular space is blocked. A clamping groove 9 is opened at the position below the induction groove 6 inside the bit body 1. A connecting rod 10 is slidably clamped in the clamping groove 9. The upper end of the connecting rod 10 is fixedly welded to the lower surface of the induction member 7. A rotating cavity 11 is opened at the position below the liquid guide hole 5 inside the bit body 1. A runner 12 is rotatably installed in the rotating cavity 11. An active connecting rod 13 is eccentrically hinged to the upper surface of the runner 12. The other end of the active connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 10. A plurality of driven connecting rods 14 are hinged to the circumferential side surface of the runner 12 at equal intervals. The other end of the driven connecting rod 14 extends out of the rotating cavity 11. A plurality of sliding grooves 15 are opened at equal intervals on the circumferential side surface of the bit body 1. A sliding member 16 is slidably installed in a sealed manner in the sliding grooves 15. The inner side surface of the sliding member 16 is fixedly hinged to the other end of the driven connecting rod 14. A through hole is opened inside the fixing member 2. The lower port of the through hole is communicated with the external space at the lower left side position of the cone 3. A first injection hole and a second injection hole are opened at the position below the liquid guide hole 5 inside the bit body 1. The upper port of the first injection hole is communicated with the lower port of the liquid guide hole 5. The lower port of the first injection hole is opened on the inclined plane of the bit body 1 and faces the position at the upper left side of the cone 3. The upper port of the second injection hole is communicated with the lower port of the liquid guide hole 5. The lower port of the second injection hole is communicated with the upper port of the through hole. Both the first injection hole and the second injection hole bypass the rotating cavity 11 (not shown in the drawings). When this device is performing well drilling work, the infusion pump will transport the drilling fluid into the liquid guide hole 5, the first injection hole, the second injection hole and the through hole, and then impact the rock and soil debris generated by the drilling. Finally, the rock and soil debris will pass through the annular space along with the drilling fluid and then be discharged from the wellbore. During the above process, when the rock and soil debris is blocked to a certain extent in the annular space,The liquid pressure inside the liquid guiding hole 5 will increase, which will then push the sensing member 7 to squeeze the elastic member 8. At the same time, the sensing member 7 drives the connecting rod 10 to move synchronously, causing the driving link 13 to pull the rotating wheel 12 to rotate. Consequently, the driven link 14 pulls the sliding member 16, causing the sliding member 16 to extend into the sliding groove 15. As a result, the space outside the sliding member 16 in the sliding groove 15 communicates with the annular space, leading to an increase in the cross-sectional area of the annular space. Through this action, the drilling fluid can drive the rock and soil debris more easily and prevent blockage in the annular space, thereby reducing the probability that the components inside the device are under excessive pressure for a long time.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 4 , the sliding groove 15 is arranged at an inclined angle in the clockwise direction. During the clockwise rotation of the drill bit body 1, the sliding groove 15 rotates synchronously. As a result, the side wall of the sliding groove 15 outside the sliding member 16 will pump the drilling fluid in the annular space, enabling the drilling fluid to drive the rock and soil debris to move upward effectively. Through this action, the probability that the components inside the device are under excessive pressure for a long time is further reduced.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , in the initial state, the driven link 14 is arranged at a perpendicular angle to the circumferential side of the rotating wheel 12, making it less likely for the sliding member 16 to be affected by the pressure of the drilling fluid and thus not easily extending into the sliding groove 15.

[0028] The above elastic member 8 can be replaced by a pair of magnetic members with like poles repelling each other. One magnetic member is fixedly installed inside the sensing member 7, and the other magnetic member is fixedly installed inside the drill bit body 1 at a position to the right of the sensing groove 6.

[0029] The usage method (working principle) of the present invention is as follows:

[0030] During operation, first, the slewing mechanism (prior art) drives the drill bit body 1 and the roller cone 3 to rotate clockwise synchronously. Then, the thrust mechanism (prior art) drives the drill bit body 1 and the roller cone 3 to move downward and contact the bottom wall of the well to be deepened. During this process, the rotating roller cone 3 contacts the rock formation, causing the roller cone 3 to rotate synchronously while revolving with the drill bit body 1. Through the above actions, the cutting teeth on the roller cone 3 are used to extrude and scrape the rock formation, breaking the rock formation. During this process, the infusion pump (prior art) synchronously feeds drilling fluid into the liquid guide hole 5, enabling the drilling fluid to pass through the liquid guide hole 5, the first injection hole, the second injection hole, and the through hole, and then contact the fragmented rock and soil debris at the bottom of the well. The rock and soil debris then passes through the annular space and is discharged from the well. Through the above actions, the well deepening operation is completed. During the above process, when the rock and soil debris is blocked to a certain extent in the annular space, due to the continuous delivery of liquid by the infusion pump to the liquid guide hole 5, the liquid pressure in the liquid guide hole 5 increases. When the liquid pressure increases to a certain extent, this pressure pushes the sensing member 7 into the sensing groove 6 and compresses the elastic member 8. At the same time, the sensing member 7 drives the connecting rod 10 to move synchronously, causing the connecting rod 10 to pull the active link 13, and then the rotating wheel 12 pulls the driven link 14, causing the sliding member 16 to extend into the sliding groove 15. Through the above actions, the cross-sectional area of the annular space is increased. At the same time, the clockwise rotating drill bit body 1 drives the side wall of the sliding groove 15 to contact the drilling fluid and the rock and soil debris, generating an upward pushing force on both. After that, when there is no blockage in the annular space, the elastic member 8 releases its elastic force, driving the above structure to reset. This is one working cycle.

[0031] Embodiment 2

[0032] Different from Embodiment 1, please refer to Figure 5 , on the circumferential side of the liquid guide hole 5 inside the drill bit body 1, boosting holes 17 are equidistantly arranged. The inner port of the boosting hole 17 is communicated with the liquid guide hole 5, and the outer port of the boosting hole 17 is opened on the inner wall of the sliding groove 15. In the initial state, the sliding member 16 closes the outer port of the boosting hole 17. After the above sliding member 16 extends into the sliding groove 15, the boosting hole 17 is communicated with the annular space, enabling part of the drilling fluid in the liquid guide hole 5 to impact the rock and soil debris blocked outside the sliding member 16 through the boosting hole 17, causing the blocked rock and soil debris at this position to be affected not only by the upward liquid impact force but also by the lateral liquid impact force, thereby reducing the probability of blockage of the rock and soil debris.

[0033] The outer port of the boosting hole 17 is set at an upward inclination angle. When the drilling fluid rushes into the annular space through the boosting hole 17, a certain negative pressure environment is generated in the space below the drilling fluid. Through this action, the blocked rock and soil debris in the annular space is promoted to break away to a certain extent.

[0034] The method of use (working principle) of the present invention is as follows:

[0035] After the sliding member 16 penetrates into the chute 15, part of the drilling fluid in the fluid guide hole 5 will enter the chute 15 and the annular space through the booster hole 17, thereby generating a lateral impact on the rock and soil debris blocked in the chute 15, causing the rock and soil debris to escape from the annular space. Afterwards, when the sliding member 16 is reset, the booster hole 17 is closed again. This is a working cycle.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations, comprising a bit body (1), the lower surface of the bit body (1) is arranged in an inclined plane structure, a fixing member (2) is installed on the inclined plane, and a cone (3) with cutting teeth on its outer side is rotatably installed in a sealed manner on the outside of the fixing member (2). An annular space is formed between the bit body (1) and the inside of the wellbore. A liquid guide hole (5) with an upper side port communicated with an infusion pump is opened at the middle position inside the bit body (1). A through hole is opened inside the fixing member (2), and the lower side port of the through hole is communicated with the outside space located at the lower left side of the cone (3). A first injection hole and a second injection hole are opened at the position below the liquid guide hole (5) inside the bit body (1). The upper side port of the first injection hole is communicated with the lower side port of the liquid guide hole (5), and the lower side port of the first injection hole faces the position at the upper left side of the cone (3). The second injection hole communicates the lower side port of the liquid guide hole (5) with the upper side port of the through hole, and it is characterized in that: An induction mechanism is provided inside the drill bit body (1) at the right side position of the liquid guiding hole (5). A clamping groove (9) is formed inside the drill bit body (1) at the position below the induction mechanism. A connecting rod (10) is movably clamped in the clamping groove (9). The upper end of the connecting rod (10) is connected to the induction mechanism. A rotating mechanism is provided inside the drill bit body (1) at the position below the liquid guiding hole (5). The rotating mechanism is connected to the lower end of the connecting rod (10). Equally spaced sliding grooves (15) are formed on the circumferential side surface of the drill bit body (1). A sliding member (16) is hermetically and movably installed in the sliding groove (15). The inner side surface of the sliding member (16) is connected to the rotating mechanism; The induction mechanism includes an induction groove (6), an induction member (7) and an elastic member (8). The induction groove (6) is formed inside the drill bit body (1) at the right side position of the liquid guiding hole (5). The induction member (7) is hermetically and movably installed in the groove body of the induction groove (6). The groove body at the left side position of the induction member (7) in the induction groove (6) is communicated with the liquid guiding hole (5). The elastic member (8) is installed between the right side surface of the induction member (7) and the right side surface of the induction groove (6). The elastic force of the elastic member (8) is greater than the liquid pressure in the liquid guiding hole (5) during the normal operation of the device, and the elastic force of the elastic member (8) is less than the liquid pressure in the liquid guiding hole (5) when the annular space is blocked.

2. The single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations according to claim 1, wherein: The rotating mechanism includes a rotating cavity (11), a rotating wheel (12), a driving connecting rod (13) and a driven connecting rod (14). The rotating cavity (11) is formed inside the drill bit body (1) at the position below the liquid guiding hole (5). The rotating wheel (12) is rotatably installed in the rotating cavity (11). The driving connecting rod (13) is eccentrically hinged to the upper surface of the rotating wheel (12). The other end of the driving connecting rod (13) forms a rotating connection with the lower end of the connecting rod (10). The driven connecting rods (14) are equally spaced and hinged to the circumferential side surface of the rotating wheel (12). The other ends of the driven connecting rods (14) extend out of the rotating cavity (11).

3. The single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations according to claim 1, wherein: The sliding groove (15) is arranged at an inclined angle in the clockwise direction. The drill bit body (1) rotates clockwise during operation.

4. The single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations according to claim 2, wherein: In the initial state, the driven connecting rod (14) is arranged at a vertical angle with the circumferential side surface of the rotating wheel (12).

5. The single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations according to claim 1, wherein: Equally spaced boosting holes (17) are formed inside the drill bit body (1) at the circumferential side position of the liquid guiding hole (5). The inner side port of the boosting hole (17) is communicated with the liquid guiding hole (5). The outer side port of the boosting hole (17) is formed on the inner wall of the sliding groove (15). In the initial state, the sliding member (16) closes the outer side port of the boosting hole (17).

6. The single-cone bit for drilling extremely hard formations according to claim 5, wherein: The outer side port of the boosting hole (17) is arranged at an upward inclined angle.

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