Ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device and simulation and design method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device and a simulation and design method, which adopts a dual-motor counter-rotation form and includes a workbench, wherein a first motor used as a power source and a second motor used as a load of the first motor are respectively arranged at both ends of the workbench; a test shaft section with a hollow structure is connected between the first motor and the second motor, and a high-precision shaft torque speed meter is arranged on the test shaft section, and an adjustable mounting frame and a shaft power meter dynamic ring are also sleeved on the test shaft section. The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device proposed by the present invention can dynamically debug and calibrate ship shaft torque meters and shaft speed sensors of different specifications, check whether the measuring equipment meets the technical requirements, and improve the reliability and measurement accuracy of new products. At the same time, it can also be used as a metering platform to perform regular metering of shaft torque meters and shaft speed sensors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship torque simulation, in particular to a ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device and a simulation and design method. Background Art

[0002] Shaft power is the main technical indicator of ship power performance and one of the main parameters for testing after the delivery of new ships and ship overhaul. If the main engine power cannot be fully utilized, the ship will not reach the designed speed; overload operation will shorten the service life of the main engine. The test of the shaft power of a marine diesel engine can not only determine whether the technical condition of the diesel engine is good, but also determine the matching of the entire ship, engine, and propeller, providing users with reliable measurement data for timely repairs and adjustments, thereby ensuring that the ship's power system is in good operating condition. It is an important part of the actual ship test.

[0003] The ship shaft power meter must be debugged and calibrated before leaving the factory and before being installed on the actual ship. According to the measurement theory of shaft power, the ship shaft power meter is generally composed of a shaft torque meter and a speed sensor. Therefore, during the debugging and calibration of the shaft power meter, both the torque and speed measurements must be debugged and calibrated. Since the torque generated by general laboratory equipment is much smaller than the rated shaft torque of the actual ship, the ship shaft power meter is mostly debugged and calibrated for torque measurement on a static torque test bench, and for speed measurement on a separate speed test bench. It is difficult to debug and calibrate the entire instrument on a dynamic test bench. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing production technology, the applicant provides a rationally structured ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device and a simulation and design method, which can provide a dynamic simulation environment for the shaft power measurement equipment and realize the debugging, calibration and metering functions of the shaft power measurement and monitoring equipment.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device adopts a dual-motor counter-rotation form, comprising a workbench, a first motor used as a power source and a second motor used as a load of the first motor are respectively arranged at two ends of the workbench; a test shaft section with a hollow structure is connected between the first motor and the second motor, a high-precision shaft torque speed meter is arranged on the test shaft section, and an adjustable mounting frame is also sleeved on the test shaft section.

[0007] The adjustable mounting frame comprises:

[0008] Bracket, mounted on the test shaft section,

[0009] The connecting rod is axially mounted on the bracket, and the area enclosed by the connecting rod is coaxial with the test shaft section.

[0010] Tighten the nut to fix the connecting rod and the bracket;

[0011] A shaft power meter dynamic ring is sleeved on the cylindrical structure surrounded by the connecting rods.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0013] The bracket is radially extended to form an annular array structure based on the test shaft segment.

[0014] The array structure of the bracket is provided with a through slot, the connecting rod is passed through the through slot, and the fastening nuts are locked on both axial sides of the bracket.

[0015] The dynamic ring of the shaft power meter adopts a half structure.

[0016] The output shafts of the first motor and the second motor are both connected to a reduction gearbox, and the output speed of the reduction gearbox is lower than the output speed of the motor, so as to increase the torque on the test shaft section.

[0017] The workbench adopts T-slot mounting platform.

[0018] A simulation method for a ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device comprises the following steps:

[0019] Before the test, the dynamic ring of the shaft power meter is installed on the adjustable mounting frame, and the measuring strain gauge is attached to the surface of the test shaft section;

[0020] The main controller of the shaft power meter is placed around the adjustable mounting frame and is spaced apart from the adjustable mounting frame;

[0021] During the test, after setting the speed and torque of the motor on the industrial computer, start the first motor and the second motor. At this time, the test shaft segment rotates at the expected speed under a certain torque; or set the expected torque change curve to allow the test shaft segment to rotate under dynamic torque. Through the data acquisition system, the measurement data of the debugged or calibrated shaft power meter and the embedded high-precision shaft torque and speed meter are obtained, and the performance of the debugged or calibrated shaft power meter is analyzed and evaluated.

[0022] A design method for a ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device is characterized in that the test shaft section hollow design steps are as follows:

[0023] The torsional deformation and surface strain of the circular shaft of the test shaft section satisfy the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Where:

[0026] ε—axial surface principal strain;

[0027] T—Shaft torque

[0028] μ—Poisson’s ratio of material;

[0029] E—elastic modulus of material;

[0030] D—shaft outer diameter;

[0031] d—shaft inner diameter.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] The invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate. The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device proposed by the invention can dynamically debug and calibrate ship shaft torque meters and shaft speed sensors of different specifications, check whether the measuring equipment meets the technical requirements, and improve the reliability and measurement accuracy of new products. At the same time, it can also be used as a measurement platform to perform regular measurement of shaft torque meters and shaft speed sensors.

[0034] In the present invention, a hollow shaft is used as a test shaft segment. According to the material mechanics theory, the surface principal strain of the test shaft segment can be made consistent with the surface principal strain of the intermediate shaft of a real ship during navigation by a small torque motor in a laboratory environment, which ingeniously solves the problem that the shaft power instrument of a real ship cannot be dynamically debugged and calibrated as a whole due to the laboratory torque limitation.

[0035] The adjustable mounting frame of the present invention can be suitable for the installation and use of dynamic rings of shaft power meters of various specifications.

[0036] The motor counter-rotation simulation form disclosed in the present invention can make the test shaft segment produce a certain torque and speed, and has the advantages of high control accuracy, low noise and low energy consumption;

[0037] The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device in the present invention can generate a dynamic torque of a certain frequency according to actual needs, simulating the shaft torsional vibration of the ship during actual navigation to test the dynamic measurement characteristics of the debugged shaft power meter; this is a function that a static torque test bench cannot achieve.

[0038] The present invention is also equipped with an embedded high-precision shaft torque meter and a rotation speed sensor, which can perform equipment calibration and measurement on non-embedded shaft torque meters and rotation speed sensors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall working structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable mounting frame of the present invention.

[0041] Among them: 1. workbench; 2. first motor; 3. coupling; 4. first reduction box; 5. adjustable mounting frame; 6. test shaft section; 7. high-precision shaft torque speed meter; 8. second reduction box; 9. second motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device of this embodiment adopts a dual-motor counter-rotation form, including a workbench 1, and a first motor 2 used as a power source and a second motor 9 used as a load of the first motor 2 are respectively arranged at both ends of the workbench 1; a test shaft section 6 with a hollow structure is connected between the first motor 2 and the second motor 9, and a high-precision shaft torque speed meter 7 is arranged on the test shaft section 6, and an adjustable mounting frame 5 is also sleeved on the test shaft section 6.

[0044] The adjustable mounting frame 5 comprises:

[0045] Bracket, mounted on test shaft section 6,

[0046] The connecting rod is axially mounted on the bracket, and the area enclosed by the connecting rod is coaxial with the test shaft section 6.

[0047] Tighten the nut to fix the connecting rod and the bracket;

[0048] A shaft power meter dynamic ring is mounted on the cylindrical structure surrounded by the connecting rods.

[0049] The stent is radially extended to form an annular array structure with the test shaft section 6 as a reference.

[0050] The array structure of the bracket is provided with a through slot, the connecting rod is passed through the through slot, and the fastening nuts are locked on both axial sides of the bracket.

[0051] The dynamic ring of the shaft power meter adopts a half structure.

[0052] The output shafts of the first motor 2 and the second motor 9 are both connected with a reduction gearbox, and the output speed of the reduction gearbox is lower than the output speed of the motor, so as to increase the torque on the test shaft section 6.

[0053] The workbench 1 adopts a T-slot mounting platform.

[0054] The simulation method of the ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0055] Before the test, the dynamic ring of the shaft power meter is mounted on the adjustable mounting frame 5, and the measuring strain gauge is attached to the surface of the test shaft section 6;

[0056] The main controller of the shaft power meter is placed around the adjustable mounting frame 5 and is spaced apart from the adjustable mounting frame 5;

[0057] During the test, after setting the speed and torque of the motor on the industrial computer, start the first motor 2 and the second motor 9. At this time, the test shaft segment 6 rotates at the expected speed under a certain torque; or set the expected torque change curve to allow the test shaft segment 6 to rotate under dynamic torque. Through the data acquisition system, the measurement data of the debugged or calibrated shaft power meter and the embedded high-precision shaft torque speed meter 7 are obtained, and the performance of the debugged or calibrated shaft power meter is analyzed and evaluated.

[0058] A design method for a ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device is characterized in that the test shaft section 6 is designed to be hollow in the following steps:

[0059] The main theoretical basis for the hollow design of the test shaft section 6 is the theory of torsional deformation of circular shafts in material mechanics and the strength theory. The torsional deformation and shaft surface strain of the circular shaft can be calculated based on the shaft torque, material properties, and circular shaft size. The torsional deformation and shaft surface strain of the circular shaft of the test shaft section 6 satisfy the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] Where:

[0062] ε—axial surface principal strain;

[0063] T—Shaft torque

[0064] μ—Poisson’s ratio of material;

[0065] E—elastic modulus of material;

[0066] D—shaft outer diameter;

[0067] d—shaft inner diameter.

[0068] It can be seen from the formula that when the shaft torque, material properties such as Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, and shaft outer diameter are determined, the larger the inner diameter of the hollow shaft, the greater the principal strain on the shaft surface; when the shaft torque and the inner and outer diameters of the shaft are determined, since the Poisson's ratio of the metal material does not change much, the smaller the elastic modulus of the material, the greater the principal strain on the shaft surface.

[0069] Therefore, a hollow shaft of a certain size can be designed by calculation. Under laboratory conditions, the torque generated by the motor can make the principal strain of the test shaft section (6) consistent with the surface principal strain of the intermediate shaft of the actual ship during navigation.

[0070] The specific structure and working principle of the present invention are as follows:

[0071] The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device includes a workbench 1, a first motor 2, a coupling 3, a first reduction box 4, an adjustable mounting frame 5, a test shaft section 6, a high-precision shaft torque tachometer 7, a second reduction box 8, a second motor 9, a variable frequency drive module, a data acquisition instrument, an industrial computer, a protective cover and other main equipment.

[0072] Two motors are used in counter-rotation on the workbench 1. The first motor 2 is an active motor and acts as a motor, and the second motor 9 is a driven motor and acts as a generator. The second motor 9 is equivalent to the load of the first motor 2, so that the test shaft section 6 between the second motor 9 and the first motor 2 generates a certain torque and speed.

[0073] The advantages of using the counter-rotating motor form are: the driven motor is used as the load, and the system torque control accuracy is high; the driven motor plays a damping role, replacing the bulky hydraulic damper and auxiliary equipment such as the cooling system; the driven motor generates electrical energy during operation and feeds back to the system circuit, which makes the power consumption of the entire system very small.

[0074] The function of the first reduction box 4 and the second reduction box 8 is to change the speed according to the set reduction ratio, reduce the speed output by the motor, increase the torque of the test shaft section 6, and achieve the desired speed and torque.

[0075] The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device is equipped with a professionally measured embedded high-precision shaft torque tachometer 7, whose accuracy is much higher than the accuracy required for ship power testing, and can dynamically debug and calibrate the ship shaft power meter.

[0076] The first motor 2 and the first reduction box 4 , and the second motor 9 and the second reduction box 8 are connected by a coupling 3 .

[0077] The first motor 2, the second motor 9, the first reduction box 4, and the second reduction box 8 are all installed on the T-slot mounting platform workbench 1, which is convenient for the installed equipment to move forward, backward, left, right, and fix.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present invention, the test shaft segment 6 is a metal hollow shaft with uniform thickness. Through the hollow design, the surface principal strain of the test shaft segment 6 can be made consistent with the surface principal strain of the intermediate shaft of a real ship during navigation by a small torque motor in a laboratory environment, thereby solving the problem that the laboratory cannot simulate the deformation state of the intermediate shaft of a real ship. In actual use, the test shaft segment 6 has a variety of materials and sizes, and different test shaft segments 6 can be selected according to the purpose of the test.

[0079] The adjustable mounting frame 5 is fixed on the test shaft section 6, such as Figure 2 The figure shows a bracket for installing the shaft power meter to be debugged, including a bracket, a connecting rod, and a fastening nut.

[0080] The diameter of the cylinder formed by the four connecting rods can be adjusted according to the size of the shaft power meter's dynamic ring, so that shaft power meters of different specifications can be easily fixed to meet the debugging and calibration of shaft power meters of different specifications.

[0081] Since the adjustable mounting frame 5 rotates synchronously with the test shaft section 6 at high speed, the design of the adjustable mounting frame 5 is simple, practical and safe.

[0082] The bracket is fixed to the test shaft section 6 by fastening screws. The dynamic ring of the shaft power meter is generally a half structure, and the two half rings of the dynamic ring of the shaft power meter are fixed to the adjustable mounting frame 5 by fastening bolts. In view of the small mass of the dynamic ring of the shaft power meter, a simple fixing device such as a band or a clamp can be used to fix the dynamic ring of the shaft power meter again in the actual test.

[0083] The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device also includes variable frequency drive module, data acquisition instrument, industrial computer, protective cover and other equipment. The variable frequency drive module is mainly used to control the speed and torque of the motor; the data acquisition instrument is used to collect data on physical quantities such as speed, torque, temperature, vibration acceleration, etc.; the industrial computer is mainly installed with data acquisition and control software, as well as test data processing and storage; the protective cover is mainly used to tell the safety protection of the rotating part.

[0084] The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device can generate dynamic torque of a certain frequency and amplitude as needed, and can simulate the dynamic changes of the shaft torque of the ship during actual navigation to verify the dynamic measurement characteristics of the debugged shaft power meter.

[0085] The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device also has data over-limit and fault alarm functions, as well as rapid abnormal braking functions.

[0086] Before the test, the dynamic ring of the shaft power meter is first installed and fixed on the adjustable mounting frame 5, and the measuring strain gauge is pasted on the surface of the test shaft section 6 as required. The main controller of the shaft power meter is placed at a certain distance around the adjustable mounting frame 5. During the test, after setting the speed and torque of the motor on the industrial computer, the first motor 2 and the second motor 9 are started to rotate the test shaft section 6 at a certain speed under a certain torque. The desired torque change curve can also be set to rotate the test shaft section 6 under dynamic torque. The measurement data of the debugged or verified shaft power meter and the embedded high-precision shaft torque speed meter 7 are obtained through the data acquisition system, and the test data are analyzed and processed through scientific data processing methods to judge the performance of the debugged or verified shaft power meter.

[0087] The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device proposed in the present invention realizes the dynamic torque laboratory simulation of ships in actual routes, and can dynamically debug and calibrate ship shaft torque meters and shaft speed sensors of different specifications, verify whether the measuring equipment meets the technical requirements, and improve the reliability and measurement accuracy of new products. At the same time, the device can also be used as a measurement platform to perform regular measurement of shaft torque meters and shaft speed sensors.

[0088] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims. Any form of modification may be made within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device, characterized in that: The invention adopts a dual-motor counter-rotation form, comprising a workbench (1), wherein a first motor (2) used as a power source and a second motor (9) used as a load of the first motor (2) are respectively arranged at two ends of the workbench (1); a test shaft section (6) with a hollow structure is connected between the first motor (2) and the second motor (9), a high-precision shaft torque speed meter (7) is arranged on the test shaft section (6), and an adjustable mounting frame (5) is also sleeved on the test shaft section (6). The adjustable mounting frame (5) comprises: The bracket is mounted on the test shaft section (6). The connecting rod is axially mounted on the bracket, and the area enclosed by the connecting rod is coaxial with the test shaft section (6). Tighten the nut to fix the connecting rod and the bracket; A shaft power meter dynamic ring is sleeved on the cylindrical structure surrounded by the connecting rod; The torsional deformation and surface strain of the circular shaft of the test shaft section (6) satisfy the following formula: Where: ε-axis surface principal strain; T—Shaft torque μ—Poisson’s ratio of material; E—elastic modulus of material; D—shaft outer diameter; d—shaft inner diameter, The stent is radially extended to form a ring array structure based on the test shaft segment (6). The array structure of the bracket is provided with a through slot, the connecting rod is passed through the through slot, and the fastening nuts are locked on both sides of the bracket axial direction. The dynamic ring of the shaft power meter adopts a half-and-half structure; The bracket is fixed on the test shaft section (6) by means of fastening screws. The shaft power meter dynamic ring is generally a half structure. The two half rings of the shaft power meter dynamic ring are fixed to the adjustable mounting frame (5) by means of fastening bolts.

2. The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stent is radially extended to form an annular array structure with the test shaft segment (6) as a reference.

3. The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The array structure of the bracket is provided with a through slot, the connecting rod is passed through the through slot, and the fastening nuts are locked on both axial sides of the bracket.

4. The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic ring of the shaft power meter adopts a half structure.

5. The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shafts of the first motor (2) and the second motor (9) are both connected to a reduction gearbox, the output speed of the reduction gearbox is lower than the output speed of the motor, so as to increase the torque on the test shaft section (6).

6. The ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (1) adopts a T-slot mounting platform.

7. A simulation method for the ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Before the test, the dynamic ring of the shaft power meter is mounted on the adjustable mounting frame (5), and the measuring strain gauge is attached to the surface of the test shaft section (6); The main controller of the shaft power meter is placed around the adjustable mounting frame (5) and is spaced apart from the adjustable mounting frame (5); During the test, after the rotation speed and torque of the motor are set on the industrial computer, the first motor (2) and the second motor (9) are started, and the test shaft section (6) rotates at an expected rotation speed under a certain torque; or a desired torque change curve is set to allow the test shaft section (6) to rotate under dynamic torque, and the measurement data of the debugged or verified shaft power meter and the embedded high-precision shaft torque speed meter (7) are obtained through the data acquisition system, and the performance of the debugged or verified shaft power meter is analyzed and evaluated.

8. A method for designing a ship dynamic shaft torque simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for designing the hollow test shaft section (6) are as follows: The torsional deformation and surface strain of the circular shaft of the test shaft section (6) satisfy the following formula: Where: ε—axial surface principal strain; T—Shaft torque μ—Poisson’s ratio of material; E—elastic modulus of material; D—shaft outer diameter; d—shaft inner diameter.

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