A seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of a coal mine shield machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in coal mines, comprising the following steps: acquiring seismic data and processing its undulations to obtain a seismic time profile; loading the designed shield line and cutting a seismic time profile of the shield line along the designed shield line on the seismic time profile; loading the borehole positions and obtaining the depth values ​​of each target layer based on the borehole positions; performing a detailed interpretation of the seismic time profile of the shield line based on the depth values ​​to obtain a time-structure map and obtaining the inter-layer velocity of each target layer at different borehole positions; performing gridding based on the inter-layer velocity to obtain a velocity profile map of the designed shield line; and performing time-depth conversion between the time-structure map and the velocity profile map of the designed shield line based on the inter-layer velocity to obtain a depth-structure profile map, accurately determining the spatial location of the target layer. This invention achieves the goal of improving the accuracy of the spatial location of the layer in the tunneling profile of the TBM.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic geological interpretation technology, specifically to a seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines. Background Technology

[0002] As coal mining depths increase, geological conditions become more complex, leading to greater mining difficulties. Rapid advancements in coal mining technology have accelerated face recovery, placing higher demands on tunnel excavation speeds. Many coal mines face severe shortages in mining and tunneling succession, making rapid tunnel excavation an urgent priority. Currently, the main tunneling methods in coal mines include fully mechanized tunneling, drill-and-blast methods, and continuous miner methods (applicable only to coal mine tunneling). These methods are prone to imbalances in excavation, anchoring, and haulage during actual construction.

[0003] In response to this situation, some coal mines have adopted shield tunneling systems, which have greatly improved the efficiency of tunneling through rock tunnels. The main equipment used in shield tunneling systems is the shield machine, also known as a tunnel boring machine, primarily used for tunnel excavation. Modern shield machines are technologically advanced, integrating multiple technologies such as optics, mechanics, electronics, hydraulics, and sensors. They can perform functions such as cutting and transporting rock and soil, and supporting the formed tunnel. They can be custom-made according to different geological conditions, resulting in very high overall reliability and safety. The working principle of a shield machine is to advance a cylindrical steel assembly along a predetermined trajectory, providing support for the formed tunnel during the process. The cylinder acts as a shield, providing temporary support for the supported space. During construction, the tunnel must withstand not only the pressure of the rock strata but also the pressure of groundwater.

[0004] Currently, existing technologies mainly utilize ground borehole data to create geological prediction profiles to guide tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in rock tunnels. However, TBM tunneling requires high accuracy in determining the target strata and the magnitude of the elevation difference of encountered faults. Therefore, the aforementioned existing technologies have the following drawbacks:

[0005] (1) The data revealed by the surface borehole and the actual underground drilling data are only one hole apart, making it impossible to accurately determine the target rock stratum;

[0006] (2) Geological profiles drawn using ground borehole data are accurate at the borehole points, but the accuracy of the geological profiles decreases as they are further away from known points, which cannot meet the geological requirements for safe and efficient tunneling of tunnel boring machines. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in coal mines. This method addresses the technical problem that existing technologies cannot accurately determine the target rock strata, thus hindering safe and efficient tunneling of TBMs. The goal is to improve the accuracy of the spatial location of the strata in the tunneling profile of the TBM.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines includes the following steps:

[0010] Seismic data is acquired, and the seismic data is processed to obtain a seismic time profile.

[0011] The design shield tunnel line is loaded onto the seismic time result profile, and a shield tunnel line seismic time profile is cut out along the design shield tunnel line on the seismic time result profile.

[0012] The borehole locations are loaded onto the seismic time profile of the shield tunnel, and the depth values ​​of each target layer are obtained based on the borehole locations.

[0013] The seismic time profile of the shield tunnel is interpreted in detail based on the depth value to obtain a time structure map and the interlayer velocity of each target layer at different borehole locations.

[0014] Based on the interlayer velocity, a mesh map is generated to obtain the velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line;

[0015] Based on the interlayer velocity, the time structure diagram and the velocity profile diagram of the designed shield tunnel line are converted from time to depth to obtain the depth structure profile diagram.

[0016] Accurately determine the spatial location of the target layer based on the depth profile diagram;

[0017] The undulation pattern of the earthquake time result profile can reflect the undulation pattern of the underground target layer.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of processing the seismic data for undulation patterns includes:

[0019] The seismic data is subjected to static correction, noise attenuation, deconvolution, velocity analysis, residual static correction, migration, and stacking to obtain the seismic time profile.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, static correction of the seismic data includes:

[0021] Intelligent first arrival pickup is used to determine energy based on instantaneous amplitude, and pattern recognition is performed on the shape of the first arrival.

[0022] After polynomial fitting, multiple iterations, and picking the first arrival, the spatial model of the seismic data is statically corrected using tomographic static correction techniques.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, noise attenuation of the seismic data includes:

[0024] Pre-stack denoising was performed on statically calibrated seismic data using frequency-spatial domain coherent noise suppression, automatic noise identification and attenuation, multi-domain composite denoising, and strong noise attenuation techniques to remove strong energy noise, gradually improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and obtain denoised data.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of performing deconvolution, velocity analysis, and residual static correction on the seismic data includes:

[0026] The denoised data is processed using the geometric diffusion compensation method and the surface uniformity amplitude compensation method to obtain amplitude-compensated data.

[0027] The amplitude compensation data is deconvolved using a combination of surface consistency deconvolution and single-channel prediction deconvolution to obtain deconvolution data.

[0028] The deconvolution data is subjected to joint processing of velocity analysis and residual static correction to obtain high-precision velocity spectrum and residual static correction data;

[0029] The remaining static correction data are offset and superimposed using the high-precision velocity spectrum.

[0030] The prediction step size of the surface consistency prediction deconvolution is 10-20 ms, the prediction step size of the single-channel prediction deconvolution is 10-15 ms, the number of times the velocity analysis and residual static correction are jointly processed is greater than 2, and the velocity analysis interval is less than 200 m.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when performing a detailed interpretation of the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine line based on the depth value, the following is included:

[0032] To create a composite seismic record for borehole data and determine the stratigraphic level, the following steps are performed: First, sonic logging curves and density logging curves are obtained from the borehole data. After standardizing the two logging curves, they are loaded onto the seismic work area. The sonic logging curve and the density logging curve are multiplied to obtain the acoustic impedance curve. Seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine. The seismic wavelets are then convolved with the acoustic impedance to obtain a composite seismic record. The composite seismic record is then used to determine the geological stratigraphic level of the seismic reflection layer.

[0033] Stratigraphic comparison and tracing: First, the seismic reflection horizons are traced on the seismic profile of the well connection line. Then, the reflection waves are traced and compared on the backbone profile, and the density is gradually increased to all seismic time profiles. Next, the seismic profiles along the shield tunnel line are interpreted, and the stratigraphic tracing of the reflection wave horizons of each target layer is completed in conjunction with the structural interpretation.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the interlayer velocity of each target layer at different borehole locations includes:

[0035] Inter-layer velocity is obtained by using the inter-layer distance between the target layers and the travel time difference of the reflected waves from the target layers, as shown in Formula 1:

[0036] ν 层间 =(2*(H2-H1)) / (T2-T1) (1);

[0037] In the formula, ν 层间 H is the interlayer velocity, H is the burial depth of the target layer, and T is the travel time of the reflected wave from the target layer.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the velocity profile of the designed tunnel boring machine line includes:

[0039] The interlayer velocity at the borehole locations near the designed shield tunnel line is obtained, and the interlayer velocity at the nearby borehole locations is meshed to form a velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when performing mesh mapping based on the interlayer velocity at the nearby borehole locations, the following steps are included:

[0041] Based on the calibration of reflection layers using well logging curves synthesized from seismic records, the time and velocity at the borehole location are obtained to obtain (x,t,v) scatter data;

[0042] Where x is the lateral coordinate of the profile line, t is the time of the target reflective layer, and v is the obtained velocity value;

[0043] Create a grid environment and mesh the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine line with a certain grid size to obtain uniform grid points;

[0044] The scattered data is then gridded so that each grid node has a velocity value, as shown in Formula 2:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, x1 is a node in the grid, V(x1) is the velocity value of the node, V(a) is the velocity value at the borehole at point a, a is the position of the borehole, V'(a) is the first derivative, and V'(a) is the second derivative.

[0047] The velocity value of each grid node is obtained by formula 2, and interpolation is performed based on the velocity value of each grid node to obtain the velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when performing time-depth conversion on the time-structure diagram and the velocity profile diagram of the designed shield tunnel line to obtain the depth-structure profile diagram, the following steps are included:

[0049] Based on the grid environment created by the tunnel boring machine profile line, the time-structured map and the velocity profile map of the designed tunnel boring machine line are scattered with the same grid degree. The depth value at each grid node is obtained based on the scattered time and velocity, as shown in Formula 3:

[0050] H = (v 层间 *T) / 2 (3);

[0051] In the formula, ν 层间 H is the interlayer velocity, H is the depth value at the grid node, and T is the travel time of the reflected wave at the target layer.

[0052] The depth profile is obtained by interpolating the depth values ​​at each grid node using faults as boundary conditions.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0054] This invention uses the seismic time profile at the tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation line as a reference, then uses the actual depth of the strata revealed by ground boreholes as a constraint, and then uses a variable-speed mapping method to perform time-depth conversion to obtain a geological profile map with high accuracy. This improves the accuracy of the target strata and the accuracy of the fault drop, thereby improving the accuracy of the spatial location of the strata in the TBM excavation profile and ensuring the safe and efficient excavation of TBMs in coal mines.

[0055] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 - This is a step diagram of the seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 - This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the shield tunnel line and the seismic data volume in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 - is a schematic diagram of the seismic time profile of the shield tunnel line according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4- This is a schematic diagram showing the tunneling design line of the tunnel boring machine and the plane position of the loading borehole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 - is a time structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 - This is a schematic diagram of the borehole location and target layer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 - is a cross-sectional view of the deep structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines provided by this invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0064] Step S1: Acquire seismic data and perform undulation morphology processing on the seismic data to obtain seismic time result profiles;

[0065] Step S2: Load the design shield line onto the seismic time result profile, and cut out the shield line seismic time profile along the design shield line on the seismic time result profile;

[0066] Step S3: Load the borehole locations on the seismic time profile of the shield tunnel line, and obtain the depth values ​​of each target layer based on the borehole locations;

[0067] Step S4: Based on the depth value, perform a detailed interpretation of the seismic time profile of the shield tunnel line to obtain a time-structure map and obtain the interlayer velocity of each target layer at different borehole locations;

[0068] Step S5: Grid the interlayer velocity to obtain the velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line;

[0069] Step S6: Based on the inter-layer velocity, convert the time structure diagram and the velocity profile diagram of the designed shield line into a time-depth conversion to obtain the depth structure profile diagram.

[0070] Step S7: Accurately determine the spatial location of the target layer based on the depth structural profile;

[0071] Among them, the undulation pattern of the seismic time result profile can reflect the undulation pattern of the underground target layer.

[0072] Specifically, the target strata are sandstone and mudstone interlayers, as well as various coal seams.

[0073] In step S1 above, the process of processing the seismic data for undulation patterns includes:

[0074] Seismic data undergoes static correction, noise attenuation, deconvolution, velocity analysis, residual static correction, migration, and stacking to obtain seismic time profiles.

[0075] Specifically, after static correction, noise attenuation, deconvolution, velocity analysis, residual static correction, migration, and stacking, the seismic data is processed to obtain a three-dimensional seismic data volume. Because the seismic data has undergone static correction and residual static correction, the undulation pattern reflected on the seismic profile roughly reflects the undulation pattern of the target subsurface layer.

[0076] Furthermore, static correction of seismic data includes:

[0077] Intelligent first arrival pickup is used to determine energy based on instantaneous amplitude, and pattern recognition is performed on the shape of the first arrival.

[0078] After polynomial fitting, multiple iterations, and picking the first arrival, the spatial model of the seismic data is statically corrected using tomographic static correction techniques.

[0079] Furthermore, noise attenuation in seismic data includes:

[0080] Pre-stack denoising was performed on statically calibrated seismic data using frequency-spatial domain coherent noise suppression, automatic noise identification and attenuation, multi-domain composite denoising, and strong noise attenuation techniques to remove strong energy noise, gradually improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and obtain denoised data.

[0081] Furthermore, when performing deconvolution, velocity analysis, and residual static correction on seismic data, the following are included:

[0082] The denoised data were processed using the geometric diffusion compensation method and the surface uniformity amplitude compensation method to obtain amplitude-compensated data.

[0083] The amplitude compensation data is processed by a combination of surface consistency deconvolution and single-channel prediction deconvolution to obtain deconvolution data;

[0084] By performing velocity analysis and residual static correction on the deconvolution data, high-precision velocity spectrum and residual static correction data are obtained.

[0085] The remaining static correction data are offset and superimposed using a high-precision velocity spectrum.

[0086] Among them, the prediction step size of the surface consistency prediction deconvolution is 10-20ms, the prediction step size of the single-track prediction deconvolution is 10-15ms, the number of times the velocity analysis and residual static correction are jointly processed is greater than 2, and the velocity analysis interval is less than 200m.

[0087] In step S2 above, the designed shield tunneling line is loaded into the seismic data work area, specifically as follows: Figure 2 As shown, a seismic time profile is obtained by cutting a section along the designed shield tunnel line, as detailed below. Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 The text indicates the stratigraphic positions of coal seam 8, coal seam 10, Taiyuan Formation limestone (referred to as "Taihui"), and Ordovician limestone (referred to as "Aohui").

[0088] In step S4 above, the detailed interpretation of the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine line based on the depth value includes:

[0089] To create a composite seismic record for boreholes and determine the stratigraphic horizons: First, sonic logging curves and density logging curves from the borehole data are obtained. After standardizing the two logging curves, they are loaded onto the seismic work area. The sonic logging curves and density logging curves are multiplied to obtain the acoustic impedance curve. Seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic time profile of the shield tunnel. The seismic wavelets are convolved with the acoustic impedance to obtain a composite seismic record. The composite seismic record is then used to determine the geological horizons of the seismic reflection layer.

[0090] Stratigraphic comparison and tracing: First, the seismic reflection horizons are traced on the seismic profile of the well connection line. Then, the reflection waves are traced and compared on the backbone profile, and the density is gradually increased to all seismic time profiles. Next, the seismic profiles along the shield tunnel line are interpreted, and the stratigraphic tracing of the reflection wave horizons of each target layer is completed in conjunction with the structural interpretation.

[0091] Specifically, the borehole locations are loaded into the seismic data work area, as follows: Figure 4 As shown. The depth values ​​of the main target strata revealed by the comprehensive boreholes are used to guide the detailed interpretation of faults and other structural features, specifically as follows: Figure 5 As shown. From Figure 5 The distribution of the main fault structures FD7 (elevation 25m) and FD10-1 (elevation 40m) on the cross section can be seen.

[0092] In step S4 above, obtaining the interlayer velocity of each target layer at different borehole locations includes:

[0093] Inter-layer velocity is obtained by using the inter-layer distance between the target layers and the travel time difference of the reflected waves from the target layers, as shown in Formula 1:

[0094] ν 层间 =(2*(H2-H1)) / (T2-T1) (1);

[0095] In the formula, ν 层间 H is the interlayer velocity, H is the burial depth of the target layer, and T is the travel time of the reflected wave from the target layer.

[0096] Specifically, constrained by the depth of each target stratum actually revealed in the surface borehole, velocity values ​​at different strata at each borehole point are calculated. Existing technologies use the average velocity from the surface to the target stratum when calculating time-depth conversion velocities. However, because shallow Cenozoic strata are loose and have low velocities, the calculated average velocity is lower than the strata velocity near the target stratum, resulting in significant errors when using average velocities for time-depth conversion. These errors mainly manifest in two aspects: the burial depth of the target stratum and the fault displacement that disrupts the target stratum. This invention utilizes inter-stratum velocities for time-depth conversion, thereby improving the interpretation accuracy of the target stratum and the accuracy of the magnitude of the fault displacement that disrupts the target stratum. A specific example is shown below:

[0097] For example, the actual depths of the Cenozoic strata bottom interface (Q), coal seam 8, coal seam 10, and Taihai coal seam revealed in borehole 2021-3 are 212m, 805m, 886m, and 955m, respectively. Furthermore, the travel times of reflected waves from coal seam 8, coal seam 10, and Taihai coal seam on the seismic time profile are 221ms, 590ms, 640ms, and 680ms, respectively. The average velocity obtained according to the average velocity calculation formula is shown in Formula 4.

[0098] ν 平均 = (2*H) / T (4);

[0099] In the formula, H is the burial depth of the target layer, and T is the travel time of the reflected wave from the target layer.

[0100] The calculated average speed is shown in Table 1.

[0101] Table 1. Calculation of average velocity in the target layer of Well 2021-3

[0102]

[0103] This invention uses the inter-layer distance of the target layer and the travel time difference of the reflected waves from the target layer to calculate the inter-layer velocity, as shown in Formula 2. The specific calculated inter-layer velocities are shown in Table 2 and... Figure 6 .

[0104] Table 2. Calculation of interlayer velocities for the target layer in Well 2021-3

[0105]

[0106] Comparing Tables 1 and 2 reveals a significant difference between the average velocity and the interlayer velocity values ​​at deeper strata. For instance, the average velocity from the surface to the Taihui stratum is approximately 2800 m / s, while the interlayer velocity from Coal Mine 10 to Taihui is 3450 m / s, a difference of 650 m / s, representing an absolute error of 23.2%. Furthermore, calculating the drop of a fault with a time difference of 20 ms near Taihui yields a drop of 28 m using the average velocity, but 34.5 m using the interlayer velocity, a difference of 6.5 m. This demonstrates that different velocities result in substantial differences in time-depth conversion. Using interlayer velocity allows for a more precise characterization of the tunnel boring machine's (TBM) tunneling strata, providing guidance for accurate fault crossings (more accurate fault drop calculations). Additionally, interlayer velocity allows for more detailed subdivision of the target strata, and the calculated interlayer velocity is closer to the actual strata velocity, resulting in a more accurate geological model (geological strata) obtained through time-depth conversion.

[0107] In step S5 above, when obtaining the velocity profile of the designed tunnel boring machine (TBM) line, the following steps are included:

[0108] The inter-layer velocity at the borehole locations near the designed shield tunnel line is obtained, and the inter-layer velocity at the nearby borehole locations is meshed to form a velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line.

[0109] Furthermore, when creating a mesh map based on the interlayer velocity at nearby borehole locations, the following steps are included:

[0110] First, based on the calibration of the reflection layer in the seismic record synthesized from the well logging curve, the time and velocity at the borehole location are calculated to obtain (x,t,v) scatter data, where x is the lateral coordinate of the profile line, t is the time of the target reflection layer, and v is the calculated velocity value.

[0111] Then, a mesh environment is created to mesh the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine, including the size and unit of the mesh, such as dividing it into "10m*10ms" sizes to obtain uniform mesh points.

[0112] The scattered data is then gridded using the following formula 2 (which is a second-order Taylor expansion) so that each grid node has a velocity value. At the same time, fault boundaries can be added to restrict the data during gridding.

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, x1 is a node in the grid, V(x1) is the velocity value of the node, V(a) is the velocity value at the borehole at point a, a is the position of the borehole, V'(a) is the first derivative, and V'(a) is the second derivative.

[0115] The velocity value of each grid node is obtained by formula 2, and interpolation is performed based on the velocity value of each grid node to obtain the velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line.

[0116] In step S6 above, when converting the time-structure diagram and the velocity profile diagram of the designed shield tunnel line into a time-depth profile diagram, the following steps are included:

[0117] Based on the grid environment created from the tunnel boring machine profile, the time-structured map and the velocity profile of the designed tunnel boring line are scattered with the same grid degree. The depth value at each grid node is obtained based on the scattered time and velocity, as shown in Formula 3:

[0118] H = (v 层间 *T) / 2 (3);

[0119] In the formula, ν 层间 H is the interlayer velocity, H is the depth value at the grid node, and T is the travel time of the reflected wave at the target layer.

[0120] Based on the depth value at each grid node, a depth structure profile is obtained by interpolation with faults as boundary conditions.

[0121] Specifically, the interlayer velocities mentioned above are incorporated into subsequent gridding and velocity mapping. The interlayer velocities of boreholes near the design line are gridded to obtain a velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line. The time-depth conversion and velocity mapping of the time-structure map and the velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line are then performed to obtain a depth-structure map, which guides the precise spatial determination of sandstone and mudstone interlayers and coal seams. The specific application effects are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0122] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0123] This invention uses the seismic time profile at the tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation line as a reference, then uses the actual depth of the strata revealed by ground boreholes as a constraint, and then uses a variable-speed mapping method to perform time-depth conversion to obtain a geological profile map with high accuracy. This improves the accuracy of the target strata and the accuracy of the fault drop, thereby improving the accuracy of the spatial location of the strata in the TBM excavation profile and ensuring the safe and efficient excavation of TBMs in coal mines.

[0124] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Seismic data is acquired, and the seismic data is processed to obtain a seismic time profile. The design shield tunnel line is loaded onto the seismic time result profile, and a shield tunnel line seismic time profile is cut out along the design shield tunnel line on the seismic time result profile. The borehole locations are loaded onto the seismic time profile of the shield tunnel, and the depth values ​​of each target layer are obtained based on the borehole locations. Based on the depth value, the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine is interpreted in detail to obtain a time-structure map and the inter-layer velocity of each target layer at different borehole locations. This includes obtaining the inter-layer velocity using the inter-layer distance of the target layer and the travel time difference of the reflected waves from the target layer, as shown in Formula 1. （1）； In the formula, Interlayer velocity, Burial depth for the target stratum. For the travel time of reflected waves at the target stratum; The velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line is obtained by meshing the interlayer velocities. This includes: acquiring the interlayer velocities at borehole locations near the designed shield tunnel line, and meshing the interlayer velocities at these locations to obtain the velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line; specifically, based on the calibration of the reflection layer in the seismic record synthesized from the well logging curves, the time and velocity at the borehole locations are acquired to obtain (x, t, v) scatter data; where x is the lateral coordinate of the profile line, t is the time at the target reflection layer, and v is the obtained velocity value; a mesh environment is created, and the seismic time profile of the shield tunnel line is meshed with a certain mesh size to obtain uniform mesh points; then the scatter data is meshed so that each mesh node has a velocity value, as shown in Formula 2: （2）； In the formula, x1 is a node in the mesh. This represents the velocity value of the node. Let a be the velocity value at the drilling point. This indicates the location of the drill hole. The first derivative, It is the second derivative; The velocity value of each grid node is obtained by formula 2, and interpolation is performed based on the velocity value of each grid node to obtain the velocity profile of the designed shield tunnel line; Based on the inter-layer velocity, the time-structured map and the velocity profile map of the designed shield line are converted from time to depth to obtain a depth-structured profile map. This includes: based on the grid environment created by the shield machine profile line, the time-structured map and the velocity profile map of the designed shield line are scattered with the same grid degree; the depth value at each grid node is obtained based on the scattered time and velocity, as shown in Formula 3. （3）； In the formula, Interlayer velocity, This represents the depth value at the grid node. For the travel time of reflected waves at the target stratum; The depth structure profile is obtained by interpolating the depth value at each grid node using faults as boundary conditions. Accurately determine the spatial location of the target layer based on the depth profile diagram; The undulation pattern of the earthquake time result profile can reflect the undulation pattern of the underground target layer.

2. The seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, When processing the seismic data for undulation patterns, the following steps are included: The seismic data is subjected to static correction, noise attenuation, deconvolution, velocity analysis, residual static correction, migration, and stacking to obtain the seismic time profile.

3. The seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines according to claim 2, characterized in that, When performing static correction on the seismic data, the following is included: Intelligent first arrival pickup is used to determine energy based on instantaneous amplitude, and pattern recognition is performed on the shape of the first arrival. After polynomial fitting, multiple iterations, and picking the first arrival, the spatial model of the seismic data is statically corrected using tomographic static correction techniques.

4. The seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines according to claim 3, characterized in that, When performing noise attenuation on the seismic data, the following is included: Pre-stack denoising was performed on statically calibrated seismic data using frequency-spatial domain coherent noise suppression, automatic noise identification and attenuation, multi-domain composite denoising, and strong noise attenuation techniques to remove strong energy noise, gradually improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and obtain denoised data.

5. The seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines according to claim 4, characterized in that, When performing deconvolution, velocity analysis, and residual static correction on the aforementioned seismic data, the following are included: The denoised data is processed using the geometric diffusion compensation method and the surface uniformity amplitude compensation method to obtain amplitude-compensated data. The amplitude compensation data is deconvolved using a combination of surface consistency deconvolution and single-channel prediction deconvolution to obtain deconvolution data. The deconvolution data is subjected to joint processing of velocity analysis and residual static correction to obtain high-precision velocity spectrum and residual static correction data; The remaining static correction data are offset and superimposed using the high-precision velocity spectrum. The prediction step size of the surface consistent deconvolution is 10-20 ms, the prediction step size of the single-channel prediction deconvolution is 10-15 ms, the number of times the velocity analysis and residual static correction are jointly processed is greater than 2, and the velocity analysis interval is less than 200 m.

6. The seismic geological guidance method for safe and efficient tunneling of coal mine tunnel boring machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, When performing a detailed interpretation of the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine based on the depth value, the following is included: To create a composite seismic record for borehole data and determine the stratigraphic level, the following steps are performed: First, sonic logging curves and density logging curves are obtained from the borehole data. After standardizing the two logging curves, they are loaded onto the seismic work area. The sonic logging curve and the density logging curve are multiplied to obtain the acoustic impedance curve. Seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic time profile of the tunnel boring machine. The seismic wavelets are then convolved with the acoustic impedance to obtain a composite seismic record. The composite seismic record is then used to determine the geological stratigraphic level of the seismic reflection layer. Stratigraphic comparison and tracing: First, the seismic reflection horizons are traced on the seismic profile of the well connection line. Then, the reflection waves are traced and compared on the backbone profile, and the density is gradually increased to all seismic time profiles. Next, the seismic profiles along the shield tunnel line are interpreted, and the stratigraphic tracing of the reflection wave horizons of each target layer is completed in conjunction with the structural interpretation.

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