A co-boresight wideband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full duplex communication

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically relating to a common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication. The invention comprises a bottom substrate, a metal reflective ground, a top substrate, and a dielectric patch stacked sequentially from bottom to top. Several pairs of slots are etched at the center of the dielectric patch; these pairs of slots are of unequal length; the slot groups are symmetrical about the vertical midline of the dielectric patch; the lower surface of the bottom substrate has ports for coupling feed and a microstrip feed line; the ports include port one and port two; a pair of coupling slots are etched on the metal reflective ground; the projection of the microstrip feed line onto the metal reflective ground intersects the coupling slots perpendicularly; the coupling slots are symmetrical about the centerline of the projection of the microstrip feed line onto the metal reflective ground. This invention has advantages such as wide bandwidth, high isolation, low profile, and simple structure, and has broad application prospects in full-duplex systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically relating to a common-aperture broadband homopolarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, available spectrum resources are very limited, and with the rapid development of wireless communication, these resources are becoming increasingly congested. Improving spectrum utilization has become a key research topic. Most wireless communication systems currently have terminals that both transmit and receive signals (e.g., base stations, relays, and mobile terminals). These systems are mostly time-division or frequency-division duplex systems, meaning that these terminals transmit and receive signals at different times or frequency bands. However, simultaneous full-duplex communication systems operate differently, ensuring that transmission and reception are completed simultaneously on the same frequency, thus doubling the data transmission speed, communication capacity, and spectrum utilization. As the front end of a full-duplex system, using high-isolation antennas is crucial for achieving high-quality communication in engineering applications. Antenna separation, near-field cancellation, and parasitic structures can all achieve high isolation. These techniques are typically complex, resulting in large physical dimensions. Dual-polarized antennas have received widespread attention due to their miniaturization advantages from shared radiating apertures and the natural isolation between orthogonal polarizations. However, a drawback of this design is that it occupies two polarization channels, making it susceptible to interference in practical communication environments. Therefore, simpler co-polarized full-duplex antennas have attracted considerable attention. Generally, there is strong mutual coupling between the ports of co-polarized antennas. Bistatic antenna design is the simplest method to achieve high isolation. By introducing a defective grounding structure, the center-to-center distance between the receiving antennas can be 0.43λ0, achieving isolation of over 40dB, but this sacrifices planar dimensions, resulting in a larger structure. Compared to bistatic antenna design, monostatic antenna design is more compact because the receiver and receiver can share the same radiating aperture. Common-polarized patch antennas operate in half-TM... 10 In this mode, the structure is compact and the isolation can reach more than 20dB, but it operates in single mode and has a narrow bandwidth.

[0003] Dielectric resonator antennas are also suitable for same-polarization designs and have been extensively studied over the past few decades. Dielectric patch antennas represent the best trade-off between dielectric resonator antennas and microstrip patch antennas in terms of shape, efficiency, and gain, developed to overcome the limitations of traditional dielectric resonator antennas, such as their large size and poor gain. More importantly, the higher-order modes of dielectric patch resonators can achieve bandwidth extension, thanks to the multi-mode characteristics inherited from dielectric resonators. By introducing silver-plated grooves, higher-order modes can be shifted down to near the fundamental mode, thereby achieving bandwidth extension for linearly polarized antennas. Currently, there are no broadband single-polarization dielectric patch antenna designs available. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication includes a bottom substrate, a metal reflective ground, a top substrate, and a dielectric patch stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The dielectric patch has several pairs of slots etched at its center; each pair of slots is of unequal length; the slot groups are symmetrical about the vertical midline of the dielectric patch; the lower surface of the bottom substrate has ports for coupling feed and a microstrip feed line; the ports include port one and port two; a pair of coupling slots are etched on the metal reflective ground; the projection of the microstrip feed line onto the metal reflective ground intersects the coupling slots perpendicularly; the coupling slots are symmetrical about the centerline of the projection of the microstrip feed line onto the metal reflective ground.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric patch is a rectangular dielectric patch, which is glued to the center of the top substrate.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom substrate is a double-sided printed circuit board, the top layer of the double-sided printed circuit board is a metal reflective ground, and the bottom layer is a microstrip feed line.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microstrip feeder consists of a 50Ω transmission line near the port and a section of λ / 4 impedance transformation line for matching.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top substrate is a Rogers RO3003 dielectric substrate.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the underlying substrate is a Rogers RO4003 dielectric substrate.

[0012] The common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication described in this invention has the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0013] This invention introduces several pairs of gaps of different sizes at the center of the single dielectric patch, reducing the effective dielectric constant in this region. Therefore, the two resonant modes (TM) within the dielectric patch... 10 and TE 12 The electric field distribution of the (mode) is shifted to the unetched gap portion, thereby forming a weak field region at the receiving end. This invention constructs a method using TM... 10 and TE12 This invention presents a broadband co-polarized antenna that significantly improves the isolation between the transmit and receive ports over a wide operating frequency band. It offers advantages such as wide bandwidth, high isolation, low profile, and simple structure, and has broad application prospects in full-duplex systems. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the evolution of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna of the present invention at different stages;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of simulated return loss and port isolation at different stages of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a simulated return loss and port isolation diagram of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated gain of two ports of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a simulated radiation pattern of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna port of the present invention at 4.82 GHz;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a simulated radiation pattern of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna port of the present invention at 5.5 GHz;

[0022] In the attached diagram, 1-dielectric patch, 2-slot group, 3-top substrate, 4-metal reflective ground, 5-coupling slot, 6-bottom substrate, and 7-microstrip feed line. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the following examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication includes a bottom substrate 6, a metal reflective ground 4, a top substrate 3, and a dielectric patch 1 stacked sequentially from bottom to top. Three pairs of slot groups 2 are etched at the center of the dielectric patch 1; the three pairs of slot groups 2 are of unequal length; the slot groups 2 are symmetrical about the vertical midline of the dielectric patch 1; the lower surface of the bottom substrate 6 is provided with ports for coupling and a microstrip feed line 7; the ports include port one and port two; a pair of coupling slots 5 are etched on the metal reflective ground 4; the projection of the microstrip feed line 7 onto the metal reflective ground 4 intersects the coupling slots 5 perpendicularly; the coupling slots 5 are symmetrical about the center line of the projection of the microstrip feed line 7 onto the metal reflective ground 4.

[0025] The dielectric patch 1 is a rectangular dielectric patch, which is glued to the center of the top substrate 3. The bottom substrate 6 is a double-sided printed circuit board, with a metal reflective ground 4 on the top layer and a microstrip feed line 7 on the bottom layer. The microstrip feed line 7 consists of a 50Ω transmission line near the port and a λ / 4 impedance transformation line for matching.

[0026] This invention comprises a rectangular dielectric patch 1 with three pairs of slot groups 2 etched at the center and two substrate layers. The dielectric patch 1 is placed on the top substrate 3 and excited by two symmetrical ports. Introducing three pairs of slot groups 2 of different sizes at the center of the single dielectric patch 1 reduces the effective dielectric constant in this region. Therefore, two resonant modes (TM) within the dielectric patch 1... 10 and TE 12 The electric field distribution of the (mode) is shifted to the unetched gap portion, thereby forming a weak field region at the receiving end. This invention constructs a method using TM... 10 and TE 12 A broadband co-polarized antenna is used, which significantly improves the isolation between the transmit and receive ports over a wider operating frequency band. A metallic reflective ground 4 is placed between the two substrates, on which a pair of coupling slots 5 are etched for aperture coupling between the dielectric patch resonator and the microstrip feed line 7 located at the bottom of the bottom substrate 6.

[0027] The dimensions of each part of the antenna are optimized in this embodiment of the invention. The specific antenna parameters are shown in Table 1 below:

[0028] Table 1

[0029] parameter <![CDATA[L g ]]> <![CDATA[W g ]]> <![CDATA[h1]]> <![CDATA[h2]]> <![CDATA[l d ]]> <![CDATA[w d ]]> <![CDATA[h d ]]> p Value (mm) 60 86 1.524 0.813 33.5 59 0.95 2.4 parameter <![CDATA[l c1 ]]> <![CDATA[l c2 ]]> <![CDATA[l c3 ]]> <![CDATA[w c ]]> <![CDATA[w s ]]> <![CDATA[l s ]]> <![CDATA[w f ]]> Value (mm) 12 19 25 2.5 2.5 7.5 0.8

[0030] In Table 1, h1 represents the height of the top substrate 3, h2 represents the height of the bottom substrate 6, and l d w is the length of dielectric patch 1 d h is the width of media patch 1 d For the thickness of dielectric patch 1, l c1 l c2 l c3The lengths of the three pairs of slot groups 2 etched on the dielectric patch 1 are respectively, w c Let p be the width of gap group 2, and l be the distance between gaps. s w is the length of the coupling gap 5 s The width of coupling gap 5.

[0031] This invention employs a two-layer substrate. The top substrate 3 is Rogers RO3003 with a dielectric constant of ε. r =3, the loss tangent is tanδ = 1.3 × 10 -3 The bottom substrate 6 is Rogers RO4003, with a dielectric constant of ε. r =3.38, the loss tangent is tanδ = 2.7 × 10 -3 The volume of the top substrate 3 is L. g ×W g ×h1, the volume of the bottom substrate 6 is L g ×W g ×h2. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the evolution of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna of the present invention at different stages. Stage I is the dielectric patch antenna without etched slots; Stage II is the dielectric patch antenna with one pair of etched slots; Stage III is the dielectric patch antenna with two pairs of etched slots; and Stage IV is the final dielectric patch antenna with three pairs of etched slots. Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the simulated return loss and port isolation at different stages of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna in this example. It can be observed that the isolation between the two ports gradually improves within the operating frequency band. It is also noteworthy that near the high resonant frequency (corresponding to TE...), the return loss decreases... 12 The isolation was significantly improved from 8 dB (Stage I) to over 40 dB (Stage IV), while near the low resonant frequency (corresponding to TM). 10 The improvement in isolation is approximately 18 dB (from 8 dB to 26 dB). This difference in isolation improvement is attributed to the difference in electric field distribution between the two modes, i.e., TE. 12 The electric field of the mode is mainly confined within the dielectric patch, while that of the TM mode is... 10 The electric field of the mode is distributed simultaneously in the medium and the air. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated reflection coefficient and port isolation of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna in this example. The simulated bandwidth is 19.3% and the port isolation is greater than 26dB. Figure 6 This is a simulation gain diagram of the two ports of the broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna in this example. The maximum in-band gain of each port is 8.3 dBi. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The simulated E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the antenna port are shown.

[0032] This invention introduces three pairs of slot groups 2 of different sizes at the center of the single dielectric patch 1, reducing the effective dielectric constant of this region. Therefore, the two resonant modes (TM) within the dielectric patch 1... 10 and TE 12 The electric field distribution of the (mode) is shifted to the unetched gap portion, thereby forming a weak field region at the receiving end. This invention constructs a method using TM... 10 and TE 12 The mode features a broadband co-polarized antenna, which significantly improves the isolation between the transmit and receive ports over a wider operating frequency band.

[0033] The specific implementation schemes described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific implementation schemes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication, comprising a bottom substrate (6), a metal reflective ground (4), a top substrate (3), and a dielectric patch (1) stacked sequentially from bottom to top, characterized in that, The dielectric patch (1) has three pairs of slot groups (2) of different sizes etched in its center; the three pairs of slot groups (2) are of unequal length; the slot groups (2) are symmetrical about the dielectric patch (1) with respect to the vertical midline; the lower surface of the substrate (6) is provided with a port for coupling power supply and a microstrip feed line (7); the port includes port one and port two; a pair of coupling slots (5) are etched on the metal reflective ground (4); the projection of the microstrip feed line (7) on the metal reflective ground (4) intersects the coupling slots (5) perpendicularly; the coupling slots (5) are symmetrical about the center line of the projection of the microstrip feed line (7) on the metal reflective ground (4); The dielectric patch (1) is excited by two symmetrical ports, which reduces the effective dielectric constant of the region. The resonant modes within the dielectric patch (1) include TM. 10 and TE 12 The electric field distribution of the mode is shifted to the unetched gap portion, thereby creating a weak field region at the receiving end.

2. The common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric patch (1) is a rectangular dielectric patch, which is glued to the center of the top substrate (3).

3. The common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom substrate (6) is a double-sided printed circuit board, the top layer of which is a metal reflective ground (4), and the bottom layer is a microstrip feed line (7).

4. The common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microstrip feed (7) consists of a 50Ω transmission line near the port and a section for matching. λ It consists of / 4 impedance transformation lines.

5. The common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top substrate (3) is a Rogers RO3003 dielectric substrate.

6. The common-aperture broadband co-polarized dielectric patch antenna for full-duplex communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The underlying substrate (6) is a Rogers RO4003 dielectric substrate.

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