A supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device and method with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation

Abstract

A supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device and method for high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation, an oxidation reactor and a high-temperature and high-pressure ejector are arranged inside the gasification reactor, and a heating device is arranged outside the gasification reactor; a feeding device and a supercritical water device are both connected to the gasification reactor, and the supercritical water device is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector; an oxygen supply device is connected to the oxidation reactor, and the outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector is toward the outlet of the feeding device; the top of the oxidation reactor is connected to the inside of the gasification reactor, and the bottom of the oxidation reactor is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector through a pipeline, and the gasification reactor, the oxidation reactor, and the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector form a loop. The present invention can not only solve the problem of heat transfer in the reactor, but also, through the injection of the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector, the flow rate and temperature of the circulation nozzle outlet can be greatly higher than the flow rate and temperature of the gasification reactor, so that the material is impact-dispersed and atomized, which is conducive to the progress of the gasification reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of clean energy conversion, and in particular relates to a supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device and method with internal circulation of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid. Background Art

[0002] The use of organic waste gas, biomass and coal gasification to produce hydrogen for power generation is an important way for the future of hydrogen sources and power generation. Supercritical technology has excellent advantages in achieving hydrogen production and power generation from organic matter. Supercritical water has special physical and chemical properties, such as weak hydrogen bonds, low polarity, high diffusion coefficient and solubility of most organic matter and gases. These properties enable reactions in supercritical water to proceed in a homogeneous phase, greatly accelerating the reaction rate. The high pressure conditions of supercritical water are not easy to evaporate, which can increase the reaction residence time. In addition, there is no latent heat of vaporization and constant temperature of evaporation phase change, which is conducive to heat transfer, accelerated temperature rise and heat recovery. At the same time, supercritical high pressure can dissolve carbon dioxide, making it easy to achieve carbon recovery from organic gasification products and reduce atmospheric carbon emissions. In addition, the gas produced by supercritical water has a high hydrogen content, a low conversion temperature, and does not contain nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. It is a clean and efficient energy conversion technology.

[0003] Since supercritical water gasification technology has so many advantages in treating and utilizing organic matter such as biomass waste, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive research on it after it was proposed in the 1970s, and have made many progress and achievements. Professor Andrea Kruse of Germany pointed out in the article "Supercritical water gasification" that there are still technical difficulties such as optimizing gas production at high concentrations, realizing high energy recovery self-heating in engineering, corrosion, blockage, stability control, and material transportation. He also pointed out that the current experimental results deviate from the equilibrium state, indicating that the reaction is mainly controlled by kinetics and has not reached the thermodynamic equilibrium state. It is necessary to overcome the current shortcomings in heat and mass transfer.

[0004] Currently, the following problems need to be solved in the supercritical water gasification process: most of the heat required by the gasification reactor is recovered through the regenerator. However, according to system thermodynamic calculations, the energy loss mainly comes from the heat exchange process. Even after coupling with the oxidation reactor, the heat transfer through the in-situ wall of the oxidation reactor is still insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device and method with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation to solve the current problem of insufficient in-situ heat transfer through the wall of the oxidation reactor in the supercritical water gasification process.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with internal circulation of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid comprises a gasification reactor, an oxidation reactor, an oxygen supply device, a feeding device, a supercritical water device and a high-temperature and high-pressure ejector; the oxidation reactor and the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector are arranged inside the gasification reactor, and a heating device is arranged outside the gasification reactor; the feeding device and the supercritical water device are both connected to the gasification reactor, and the supercritical water device is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector; the oxygen supply device is connected to the oxidation reactor, and the outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector faces the outlet of the feeding device; the top of the oxidation reactor is connected to the inside of the gasification reactor, and the bottom of the oxidation reactor is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector via a pipeline, so that the gasification reactor, the oxidation reactor and the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector form a loop.

[0008] Furthermore, a top channel is provided at the top of the oxidation reactor and is connected to the interior of the gasification reactor.

[0009] Furthermore, the outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector is connected to a circulation nozzle through a pipeline, and the circulation nozzle faces the outlet of the feeding device.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom end of the oxidation reactor is also connected to a supercritical water device through an outlet channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the oxygen supply device includes an oxygen pipeline, a third high-pressure plunger pump and a third mass flow meter; the third high-pressure plunger pump is connected to the oxygen pipeline, and the third mass flow meter is arranged on the oxygen pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, the feeding device includes a material inlet pipeline, a second high-pressure plunger pump and a feeder; the second high-pressure plunger pump is connected to the feeder, the feeder is connected to the material inlet pipeline, and the material inlet pipeline is connected to the gasification reactor.

[0013] Furthermore, a second mass flow meter is provided between the feeder and the second high-pressure plunger pump.

[0014] Furthermore, the supercritical water device includes a first high-pressure plunger pump and a regenerator; the first high-pressure plunger pump is connected to the regenerator, and the regenerator is used to generate supercritical water.

[0015] Furthermore, a first mass flow meter is provided between the first high-pressure plunger pump and the regenerator.

[0016] Furthermore, a method for producing hydrogen by supercritical water gasification with internal circulation of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid comprises the following steps:

[0017] Prepare materials: Add materials, additives and catalysts into the container, stir evenly, add water, let it stand for a certain period of time to form a uniform and stable slurry, and add it to the feeder;

[0018] Coal gasification reaction: Before starting, there is no flow at all inlets and outlets. The first plunger pump is turned on to allow water to flow through the first mass flow meter and the regenerator in sequence. Water is then sprayed from the supercritical water pipeline through the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector and the circulation nozzle into the gasification reactor. The water then enters the oxidation reactor through the top channel. A portion of the water returns to the gasification reactor through the internal circulation channel, and the remaining water passes through the oxidation reactor outlet pipe and is discharged from the system through the regenerator. The entire reaction system is heated by a heating device outside the gasification reactor. After the outlet temperature of the oxidation reactor reaches a stable state, the second plunger pump is turned on to allow water to flow through the second mass flow meter in sequence. The cold material enters the gasification reactor from the lower side of the feeder through the material inlet pipe, and the supercritical water gasification reaction of the coal begins.

[0019] Oxidation reaction of coal gasification products: The products of the gasification reactor enter the oxidation reactor from the top channel. The third plunger pump is turned on to allow oxygen to flow through the third mass flow meter and into the oxidation reactor from the oxygen pipeline, starting an exothermic oxidation reaction.

[0020] Supercritical fluid internal circulation process: Once the supercritical water forms a flow rate in the supercritical water pipeline, the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector is triggered to work, so that the supercritical high-temperature fluid in the oxidation reactor is driven by the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector and ejected from the circulation nozzle into the gasification reactor, forming an internal circulation;

[0021] End the reaction process: After the gasification reaction is completed, first turn off the second high-pressure plunger pump and the third high-pressure plunger pump. After the device has been running continuously for one hour, turn off the heating device of the gasification reactor. After the system slowly cools down, turn off the first high-pressure plunger pump. There will be no flow at all inlets and outlets.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0023] In addition to the top channel, the present invention also features an internal circulation channel between the oxidation reactor and the gasification reactor. After exothermic reaction with oxygen in the oxidation reactor, the gasification products from the gasification reactor are pressurized by the internal circulation channel and returned to the gasification reactor for gasification. This not only solves the problem of heat transfer in the reactor, but also, through the high-temperature, high-pressure ejector, the flow rate and temperature at the circulation nozzle outlet are significantly higher than those in the gasification reactor, resulting in impact-dispersed atomization of the material, facilitating the gasification reaction.

[0024] This system utilizes the excellent physical and chemical properties of supercritical water to achieve efficient and clean conversion of organic materials at relatively low temperatures. This process and method has outstanding economic advantages when treating materials with high water content.

[0025] The high-temperature fluid in the oxidation reactor can be returned to the gasification reactor through an internal circulation system for reuse, achieving efficient heat and mass transfer. Furthermore, the multicomponents in the circulating high-temperature fluid can promote the gasification process of the materials in the gasification reactor.

[0026] The design combination of high-temperature and high-pressure ejectors and circulating nozzles can generate high-temperature jet flows, which not only increase the reactants and heat sources for the materials entering the gasification reactor from the material inlet pipe, but also reduce the local concentration of the materials through impact dispersion and atomization, accelerate the flow and mixing of the materials, avoid the formation of flow dead zones and coking, and help improve the conversion rate of the materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the device of the present invention;

[0028] Among them, 1-gasification reactor, 2-oxidation reactor, 3-outlet channel, 4-supercritical water pipeline, 5-high temperature and high pressure ejector, 6-material inlet pipeline, 7-circulation nozzle, 8-top channel, 9-oxygen pipeline, 10-regenerator, 11-first high-pressure plunger pump, 12-second high-pressure plunger pump, 13-third high-pressure plunger pump, 14-first mass flowmeter, 15-second mass flowmeter, 16-third mass flowmeter, 17-feeder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The accompanying drawings illustrate schematic diagrams of the principles of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention. These figures are not drawn to scale; for the sake of clarity, some details are exaggerated and some details may be omitted. The shapes, relative sizes, and positional relationships of the various regions and layers shown in the figures are merely exemplary and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Those skilled in the art may design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0031] The present invention relates to a supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device and method with internal circulation of high-temperature, high-pressure fluid. This system falls within the scope of clean conversion treatment of organic matter and is characterized by an internal circulation consisting of a gasification-oxidation reaction and an ejector. The internal circulation portion primarily utilizes a high-temperature, high-pressure ejector and a nozzle to achieve reverse pressure transport of the supercritical fluid from the oxidation reactor to the gasification reactor. This allows for direct transfer of recyclable reactants and heat, as well as dispersed atomization of the material, promoting efficient and clean conversion of organic matter in the gasification reactor. Compared to conventional supercritical reactors, this system has the advantages of efficient heat and mass transfer while reducing the cost of equipment such as heat exchangers.

[0032] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation, including a gasification reactor 1, an oxidation reactor 2, an outlet channel 3, a supercritical water pipeline 4, a high-temperature and high-pressure ejector 5, a material inlet pipeline 6, a circulation nozzle 7, a top channel 8, an oxygen pipeline 9, a regenerator 10, a first high-pressure plunger pump 11, a second high-pressure plunger pump 12, a third high-pressure plunger pump 13, a first mass flowmeter 14, a second mass flowmeter 15, a third mass flowmeter 16, and a feeder 17.

[0033] The outlet of the first high-pressure plunger pump 11 is connected to the inlet of a first mass flowmeter 14, which is connected to the low-temperature inlet of the regenerator 10. The high-temperature outlet of the regenerator 10 can be fed into a steam turbine or a waste heat boiler. The outlet of the second high-pressure plunger pump 12 is connected to the inlet of a second mass flowmeter 15, which is connected to the upper side of a feeder 17. The lower side of the feeder 17 is connected to the material inlet pipe 6 of the gasification reactor 1. The outlet of the third high-pressure plunger pump 13 is connected to the inlet of a third mass flowmeter 16, which is connected to the oxygen pipe 9 of the oxidation reactor 2.

[0034] The upper end of the gasification reactor 1 is connected to the oxidation reactor 2 via a top channel 8. The upper inlet of the internal circulation channel is inside the oxidation reactor, and the oxygen returns to the gasification reactor through a high-temperature, high-pressure ejector 5 and a circulation nozzle 7, forming a closed loop. An oxygen pipeline 9 is located between one end of the oxidation reactor and the inlet of the internal circulation channel, and the outlet channel 3 of the oxidation reactor is located at the other end of the oxidation reactor. The circulation nozzle 7 is arranged at a certain angle to the outlet of the material inlet pipe 6.

[0035] The operating steps of a supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with internal fluid circulation are as follows:

[0036] 1. Prepare materials: Add materials, additives and catalysts into the container, stir evenly, add water, let it stand for a certain period of time to form a uniform and stable slurry, and add it to the lower end of the feeder 17.

[0037] 2. Coal gasification reaction: Before startup, there is no flow at all inlets and outlets. First, turn on the first plunger pump 11, allowing water to flow sequentially through the first mass flowmeter 14, the regenerator 10, and then from the supercritical water pipeline 4 through the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector 5 and the circulation nozzle 7 into the gasification reactor 1. Then, it enters the oxidation reactor 2 through the top channel 8. A portion of it returns to the gasification reactor 1 through the internal circulation channel, and the rest passes through the oxidation reactor outlet pipe 3 and is discharged from the system through the regenerator. The entire reaction system is heated by a heating device outside the gasification reactor 1. After the outlet temperature of the oxidation reactor reaches a stable state, turn on the second plunger pump 12, allowing water to flow sequentially through the second mass flowmeter 15. The cold material enters the gasification reactor 1 from the lower side of the feeder 17 through the material inlet pipe 6, and the supercritical water gasification reaction of the coal begins;

[0038] 3. Oxidation reaction of coal gasification products: The products of gasification reactor 1 enter oxidation reactor 2 from top channel 8. The third plunger pump 13 is turned on to allow oxygen to flow through third mass flow meter 16 and oxygen pipe 9 into oxidation reactor 2 in sequence, and an exothermic oxidation reaction begins.

[0039] 4. Supercritical fluid internal circulation process: Once the supercritical water forms a flow rate in the supercritical water pipeline 4, the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector 5 can be triggered to work, so that the supercritical high-temperature fluid in the oxidation reactor 2 is driven by the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector 5 and ejected from the circulation nozzle 7 into the gasification reactor, forming an internal circulation. The flow rate, temperature and pressure conditions required by the system can be achieved through the structural design of the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector.

[0040] 5 End the reaction process: After the gasification reaction is completed, first turn off the second high-pressure plunger pump 12 and the third high-pressure plunger pump 13. After the device has been running continuously for one hour, turn off the heating device of the gasification reactor 1. After the system slowly cools down, turn off the first high-pressure plunger pump 11. There is no flow at all inlets and outlets.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. This system utilizes the excellent physical and chemical properties of supercritical water to achieve efficient and clean conversion of organic materials at lower temperatures. This process and method has outstanding economic advantages when treating materials with high water content.

[0043] The high-temperature fluid in the oxidation reactor can be returned to the gasification reactor through an internal circulation system for reuse, achieving efficient heat and mass transfer. Furthermore, the multicomponents in the circulating high-temperature fluid can promote the gasification process of the materials in the gasification reactor.

[0044] The design combination of high-temperature and high-pressure ejectors and circulating nozzles can generate high-temperature jet flows, which not only increase the reactants and heat sources for the materials entering the gasification reactor from the material inlet pipe, but also reduce the local concentration of the materials through impact dispersion and atomization, accelerate the flow and mixing of the materials, avoid the formation of flow dead zones and coking, and help improve the material conversion rate.

[0045] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with internal circulation of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gasification reactor (1), an oxidation reactor (2), an oxygen supply device, a feeding device, a supercritical water device and a high-temperature and high-pressure ejector (5); the oxidation reactor (2) and the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector (5) are arranged inside the gasification reactor (1), and a heating device is arranged outside the gasification reactor (1); the feeding device and the supercritical water device are both connected to the gasification reactor (1), and the supercritical water device is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector (5); the oxygen supply device is connected to the oxidation reactor (2), and the outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector (5) faces the outlet of the feeding device; the top of the oxidation reactor (2) is connected to the inside of the gasification reactor (1), and the bottom of the oxidation reactor (2) is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector (5) through a pipeline, and the gasification reactor (1), the oxidation reactor (2) and the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector (5) form a loop.

2. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top of the oxidation reactor (2) is provided with a top channel (8) which is in communication with the interior of the gasification reactor (1).

3. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure ejector (5) is connected to a circulation nozzle (7) via a pipeline, and the circulation nozzle (7) faces the outlet of the feeding device.

4. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom end of the oxidation reactor (2) is also connected to a supercritical water device through an outlet channel (3).

5. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen pipeline (9), a third high-pressure plunger pump (13) and a third mass flow meter (16); the third high-pressure plunger pump (13) is connected to the oxygen pipeline (9), and the third mass flow meter (16) is arranged on the oxygen pipeline (9).

6. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The feeding device comprises a material inlet pipe (6), a second high-pressure plunger pump (12) and a feeder (17); the second high-pressure plunger pump (12) is connected to the feeder (17), the feeder (17) is connected to the material inlet pipe (6), and the material inlet pipe (6) is connected to the gasification reactor (1).

7. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second mass flow meter (15) is provided between the feeder (17) and the second high-pressure plunger pump (12).

8. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The supercritical water device comprises a first high-pressure plunger pump (11) and a regenerator (10); the first high-pressure plunger pump (11) is connected to the regenerator (10), and the regenerator (10) is used to generate supercritical water.

9. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production device with high-temperature and high-pressure fluid internal circulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: A first mass flow meter (14) is provided between the first high-pressure plunger pump (11) and the regenerator (10).

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