Unlined support device and tunneling method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of tunneling in soil layers or rock layers, and particularly to a non-lined support device and a tunneling method. The non-lined support device includes a support body for supporting and cooperating with the propulsion cylinder of a tunneling machine to provide a tunneling reaction force. A traveling device for reciprocating movement along the main beam of a segment erector is provided on the support body. A tightening body for moving outward around the support body to lock the support body by pressing against the tunnel wall and moving inward to unlock the support body is also provided on the support body. A connection structure for connecting with the propulsion cylinder is provided on the support body, or a moving driving device for driving the support body to move at least forward relative to the segment erector is provided on the support body. The non-lined support device and the tunneling method of the present invention solve the problem of high construction cost caused by the inability of a single-shield full-face tunneling machine to work without lined segments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunneling in soil or rock strata, and particularly to a non-lining support device and a tunneling method. Background Art

[0002] As a typical full-face tunneling machine, a single-shield TBM forms segment lining during the tunnel excavation process. Its main machine advances forward with the support of the already lined segments, that is, the lined segments provide the reaction force for the advancement of the main machine. When used for short-distance tunnel excavation, it has the advantage of lower construction cost compared with the double-shield TBM. However, when the tunnel is long, the consumption of segment lining will increase greatly, resulting in a rapid increase in the cost of using segment lining. And in some strata with good surrounding rock quality, segment lining is not needed for support at all. But because the single-shield TBM itself does not have the function of tunneling without segment lining, the segment lining is only used as the reaction force support for the advancement of the main machine, which actually causes unnecessary waste of segment lining. If you want to solve the cost of segment lining, currently you can only choose the expensive double-shield TBM solution to replace the single-shield TBM for tunnel construction, which also increases the project cost. Summary of the Invention[[ID=ll]]

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a non-lining support device to solve the problem of high construction cost caused by the inability of the existing single-shield full-face tunneling machine to work without segment lining.

[0004] At the same time, the purpose of the present invention is also to provide a tunneling method to solve the problem of high construction cost caused by the inability of the existing single-shield full-face tunneling machine to work without segment lining.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the non-lining support device of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The non-lining support device includes a support body for supporting and cooperating with the propulsion cylinders of the tunneling machine to provide tunneling reaction force. A traveling device for reciprocating movement along the main beam of the segment erector is provided on the support body. A tightening body for moving outward to the periphery of the support body to lock the support body by pressing against the tunnel wall and moving inward to unlock the support body is also provided on the support body. A connection structure for connecting with the propulsion cylinders is provided on the support body, or a driving device for driving it to move at least forward relative to the segment erector is provided on the support body.

[0006] Beneficial effects: The unlined support device of the present invention can be combined with an existing single shield tunneling machine and installed on the main beam of the segment erector in the single shield tunneling machine. The support body is fixed relative to the tunnel wall through the tightening body, and then provides the required reaction force for the tunneling of the main machine. When the main machine finishes a single tunneling operation, the tightening body can be retracted to unlock the support body relative to the tunnel wall. At this time, the support body can follow the main machine forward under the action of the moving drive device, thus meeting the requirements for the main machine to tunnel under the condition of no lining in the tunnel, and solving the problem of high construction cost caused by the inability of the single shield full-face tunneling machine to work without lined segments.

[0007] Furthermore, the tightening body is movably installed on the support body in the tunnel radial direction. The telescopic tightening body has a simpler structure compared to tightening bodies of other structures, and also has better reliability due to the limitation of the surrounding wall at the telescopic mating part.

[0008] Furthermore, a wedge-shaped squeezing block is provided between the upper tightening body on the support body and the support body. The wedge-shaped squeezing block is configured with a wedging drive mechanism to push out or relax the tightening body by controlling the reciprocating movement of the wedge-shaped squeezing block; the upper and lower tightening bodies on the support body are hinged to the support body through a hinge shaft and can swing around the hinge shaft to tighten or leave the tunnel wall. The wedge-shaped squeezing block can prevent the relative movement between the support tightening body and the support body in a filling manner, and can reduce the requirement for the driving force of the wedging drive mechanism (due to the action of the wedge surface, the force received by the wedging drive mechanism is a component of the retraction force received by the tightening body), reducing the production and operation costs of the equipment.

[0009] Furthermore, the wedging drive mechanism includes a wedge block drive cylinder connected between the support body and the wedge-shaped squeezing block. The drive cylinder has the advantages of being easy to arrange and control, and can improve work efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, a support shaft cooperating with the wedge-shaped squeezing block is provided on the support body. The support shaft is a rotating shaft and a mating surface slidably cooperating with the wedge-shaped squeezing block is provided on the outer peripheral surface. The support shaft with a rotating shaft structure can swing with the rotation of the wedge-shaped squeezing block, so as to better fit the support body and the tightening body.

[0011] Furthermore, a chute cooperating with the wedge-shaped squeezing block is provided on the support shaft, and the mating surface is formed by the bottom of the chute. The chute can play a role in limiting the wedge-shaped squeezing block and ensure the reliability of its work.

[0012] Furthermore, the support body is an annular support body, and the center line of the annular support body extends in the front-rear direction. The annular support body has better integrity, has the advantages of high strength and good reliability, and helps to ensure the reliable operation of the equipment.

[0013] Furthermore, the travel device includes travel wheels that engage with the top and bottom of the main beam of the segment assembly machine. Compared with structures such as slide rails, travel wheels are more fault-tolerant and less prone to jamming, which also helps ensure reliable operation of the equipment.

[0014] The excavation method of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an excavation method, which is to install a support body that can move back and forth on the main beam of the segment assembly machine of the single shield tunneling machine, and then provide the reaction force required for the main machine to excavate by tightening the support body with the tunnel wall. After the support body and the tunnel wall are released from being tightened, the support body is moved to follow the main machine, thereby realizing tunnel excavation.

[0015] Beneficial effect: Since the single-shield tunnel boring machine segment assembly machine is idle when no lining segments are used to line the tunnel wall, the tunneling method of the present invention arranges the support body by utilizing the main beam of the segment assembly machine, and follows up the main machine by moving the support body. The support body that is tightened relative to the tunnel provides a reaction force for the tunneling of the main machine, thereby realizing unsupported segment excavation using a single-shield tunnel boring machine, solving the problem of high construction cost caused by the existing single-shield full-section tunnel boring machine's inability to work without lining segments.

[0016] Furthermore, when the excavation site is in a stratum that requires lining segment support, the support body is placed on the main machine's rear supporting system and is on standby. The support body is placed on the main machine's rear supporting system and is on standby, allowing for rapid installation when needed, thereby improving work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the lining-free support device of the present invention when installed on a single-shield tunnel boring machine;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the excavation process of Example 1 of the excavation method of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 11, single shield tunnel boring machine; 12, support body; 13, thrust cylinder; 14, tunnel; 15, connecting bolts; 16, main beam; 17, upper running wheel; 18, lower running wheel; 19, tightening body; 20, wedge-shaped clamping block; 21, support shaft; 22, wedge block drive cylinder; 23, hinge shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" that may appear are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, terms such as "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent in such a process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, elements defined by the statement "including one..." do not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0024] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0025] Embodiment 1 of the unlined support device of the present invention:

[0026] The unlined support device can be applied to a single shield tunneling machine 11, such as a single shield TBM, to solve the problem of high construction cost caused by its inability to work without lined segments.

[0027] As Figure 1-2As shown, the unlined support device includes a support body 12. The primary function of the support body 12 is to provide support for the thrust cylinder 13 located behind the main engine of the tunnel boring machine, thereby providing the reaction force required by the main engine during tunneling. In this embodiment, the support body 12 is annular, with its centerline extending in the fore-aft direction, forming a complete reaction ring within the tunnel 14. The use of an annular support body not only ensures the structural strength of the support body 12 itself, but also simplifies the design and manufacture of the support body 12. A connection structure for connecting to the main engine's thrust cylinder 13 is provided on the front side of the support body 12. In this embodiment, the connection structure specifically utilizes connecting screw holes. Connecting bolts 15 securely connect the thrust cylinder 13 to the corresponding positions of the support body 12. Once connected, the thrust cylinder 13 contracts, driving the support body 12 (when not fixed relative to the tunnel wall) forward, enabling the support body 12 to follow the tunneling process.

[0028] The support body 12 is provided with a traveling device that can move back and forth along the main beam 16 of the segment assembly machine of the tunnel boring machine. In this embodiment, the traveling device specifically adopts traveling wheels, which are installed on the inner extension parts on the left and right sides of the support body 12. They are divided into upper traveling wheels 17 and lower traveling wheels 18. The upper traveling wheels 17 are located on the main beam 16 of the segment assembly machine and can travel along the main beam 16. The lower traveling wheels 18 are located below the main beam 16 of the segment assembly machine and can play a limiting role to prevent the upper traveling wheels from separating from the main beam 16. When the propulsion cylinder 13 contracts, the support body 12 will cooperate with the main beam 16 of the segment assembly machine through the traveling wheels and move forward along the main beam 16. During the propulsion process, since the support body 12 is fixed relative to the tunnel wall, the main beam 16 of the segment assembly machine will cooperate with the support body 12 through the traveling wheels and move forward relative to the support body 12.

[0029] In order to achieve the relative fixation and detachment of the support body 12 and the tunnel wall, a tightening body 19 is provided on the support body 12. In this embodiment, the tightening body 19 on the upper part of the support body is similar to the structure of a support shoe and adopts an installation method that can expand and contract radially along the tunnel 14. When the tightening body 19 extends, it can be tightly pressed against the tunnel wall, thereby fixing the support body 19 relative to the tunnel wall. When the tightening body 19 contracts, the support body 12 can be unlocked, enabling the support body 12 to move back and forth. In this embodiment, the extension of the tightening body 19 on the upper part of the support body is controlled by a wedge-shaped squeezing block 20. When the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20 is wedged between the support body 12 and the tightening body 19, the tightening body 19 can be extruded and closely attached to the tunnel wall. When the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20 is loosened and retracted, the tightening body 19 can retract into the support body 12 under the action of gravity. In order to cooperate with the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20, a support shaft 21 is provided on the support body. In this embodiment, the support shaft 21 is a rotating shaft, and a chute is provided on its outer peripheral surface. The bottom of the chute constitutes a mating surface for cooperating with the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20. After the support shaft 21 is set as a rotating shaft, it can adapt to the angular change of the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20 and maintain a state of being in contact with it. The wedge-shaped squeezing block 20 is configured with a wedging driving mechanism to push out or relax the tightening body 19 by controlling the reciprocating movement of the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20. In this embodiment, the wedging driving mechanism specifically adopts a wedge block driving cylinder 22 connected between the support body 12 and the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20. When the wedge block driving cylinder 22 extends, it can wedge the wedge-shaped squeezing block 20 between the support body 12 and the tightening body 19. When it retracts, the corresponding wedging action also disappears.

[0030] The tightening body 19 on the lower part of the support body is hinged to the support body 12 through a hinge shaft, and a telescopic cylinder is also configured. The hinge point of the telescopic cylinder and the tightening body is parallel to the hinge shaft and deviates to one side of the hinge shaft. Therefore, the tightening body can be driven to swing out to press into the tunnel wall or swing back to the support body 12 to detach from the tunnel wall through the telescopic movement of the telescopic cylinder.

[0031] Embodiment 2 of the non-lined support device of the present invention:

[0032] In Embodiment 1 of the non-lined support device of the present invention, the support body directly adopts an annular support body. In this embodiment, the support body includes a base ring in the middle and support arms extending outward from the base ring. During use, it cooperates with the propulsion oil cylinder through the support arms.

[0033] Embodiment 3 of the non-lined support device of the present invention:

[0034] In Example 1 of the unlined support device of the present invention, a connection structure for connecting to a propulsion cylinder is provided on the support body. In this embodiment, a motion drive device is provided on the support body for driving it to at least move forward relative to the segment assembly machine. The motion drive device is specifically a cylinder connected between the segment assembly machine and the support body. The motion drive device enables the support body to follow the main machine.

[0035] Example 4 of the lining-free support device of the present invention:

[0036] In Example 1 of the unlined support device of the present invention, the tensioning element expands and contracts along the tunnel's radial direction, and is controlled by a wedge-shaped compression block and a wedge drive mechanism. In this embodiment, the tensioning and release of the tensioning element is controlled by a telescopic cylinder positioned directly between the tensioning element and the support structure.

[0037] Example 5 of the lining-free support device of the present invention:

[0038] In Example 1 of the unlined support device of the present invention, the support body is retractable in the radial direction of the tunnel. In this embodiment, the support body is swingably mounted on the support body and its swing is controlled by a cylinder, thereby forming a movable barb structure to prevent the support body from retreating relative to the tunnel.

[0039] Embodiments of the excavation method of the present invention:

[0040] This method can be implemented using the lining-free support device of the present invention. Specifically, a reciprocating support body 12 is installed on the main beam 16 of the segment assembly machine of a single-shield tunnel boring machine 11. The support body 12 is braced against the tunnel wall to provide the reaction force required for the main machine to advance. After the support body 12 is released from the tunnel wall, the support body 12 is moved to follow the main machine, thereby achieving tunnel excavation. When the tunnel boring machine is operating in soft ground and requires lining segment support, the support body 12 is placed on the main machine's rear supporting system and remains on standby.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific implementation of the excavation method includes three stages, namely the preparation stage, the advancement mode stage and the stepping mode stage.

[0042] During the preparation stage, when the single shield tunnel boring machine excavates to a stable hard rock formation, the unlined support device placed on standby on the rear supporting system will be sent to the tail end of the main machine and installed on the main beam 16 of the segment assembly machine. The thrust cylinder 13 will be connected to the support body 12 through connecting bolts, and then the wedge block drive cylinder 22 will be extended to tighten the wedge-shaped clamping block, tightening the clamping body 19 to the tunnel wall to achieve fixation of the support body 12.

[0043] During the propulsion mode stage, the propulsion cylinder 13 extends and drives the main machine to tunnel until a tunneling stroke (the maximum propulsion stroke of the propulsion cylinder) is completed.

[0044] During the step mode stage, the wedge drive cylinder 22 first contracts to unlock the support body 12, and then contracts the propulsion cylinder 13 to drive the support body 12 to move synchronously along the main beam 16 of the segment erector to follow up, so as to realize the step change. When entering the formation that requires segment support again, the unlined support device is removed, and the single shield tunneling machine can work in its normal mode.

Claims

1. Non-lining support device, characterized in that, It includes a support body (12) for supporting and cooperating with the propulsion cylinders (13) of a tunneling machine to provide tunneling reaction force. A traveling device for reciprocating movement along the main beam (16) of a segment erector is provided on the support body. A tightening body (19) for moving outward around the support body to lock the support body by pressing against the tunnel wall and moving inward to unlock the support body (12) is also provided on the support body. A connection structure for connecting with the propulsion cylinders (13) is provided on the support body, or a driving device for driving it to move at least forward relative to the segment erector is provided on the support body; the tightening body (19) is movably installed on the support body (12) in the tunnel radial direction; a wedge-shaped squeezing block (20) is provided between the upper tightening body on the support body and the support body (12), and the wedge-shaped squeezing block is configured with a wedge tightening driving mechanism to eject or relax the tightening body by controlling the reciprocating movement of the wedge-shaped squeezing block.

2. The unlined support device according to claim 1, wherein The lower tightening body (19) on the support body is hinged to the support body through a hinge shaft and can swing around the hinge shaft to tighten or leave the tunnel wall.

3. The unlined support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wedge tightening driving mechanism includes a wedge block driving cylinder (22) connected between the support body (12) and the wedge-shaped squeezing block (20).

4. The unlined support device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, A support shaft (21) cooperating with the wedge-shaped squeezing block (20) is provided on the support body (12). The support shaft (21) is a rotating shaft and a mating surface slidably cooperating with the wedge-shaped squeezing block (20) is provided on the outer peripheral surface.

5. The unlined support device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A chute cooperating with the wedge-shaped squeezing block (20) is provided on the support shaft (21), and the mating surface is formed by the bottom of the chute.

6. The unlined support device according to claim 1, characterized in that The support body (12) is an annular support body, and the center line of the annular support body extends in the front-rear direction.

7. The unlined support device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The traveling device includes traveling wheels that are in top and bottom cooperation with the main beam (16) of the segment erector.

8. A tunneling method, characterized in that, This method is implemented using the unlined support device described in any one of claims 1-7. Specifically, by installing a support body (12) that can reciprocate back and forth on the main beam (16) of the segment erector of a single-shield tunneling machine (11), the reaction force required for the main machine to tunnel is provided by tightening the support body (12) against the tunnel wall. After the support body (12) is released from being tightened against the tunnel wall, the support body is moved to follow the main machine, thereby realizing the tunneling of the tunnel.

9. The tunneling method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the stratum where tunneling is located is a stratum that requires segment lining support, the support body (12) is placed on standby on the rear support system of the main machine.

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