A low temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage and degassing system

Abstract

This invention discloses a low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage and release system, relating to the technical field of hydrogen storage and transportation. It includes a low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and a high-pressure gas output device. The hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected to the gas inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device. The low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is equipped with cooling pipes and low-temperature hydrogen storage material. By filling the cooling pipes with coolant, the low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the low-temperature hydrogen storage material are adapted for use to improve hydrogen storage capacity. By purging the cooling pipes with gas through the high-pressure gas output device, automatic hydrogen release and purging operations are achieved without the need for a pressurization device, thus effectively solving many problems existing in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage and transportation, and in particular to a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation system. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen is one of the most promising clean energy sources with huge application potential. However, hydrogen storage is still a major challenge at this stage, which hinders the widespread application of hydrogen. Common hydrogen storage methods are:

[0003] 1. Gaseous hydrogen storage

[0004] Gaseous storage is to pressurize hydrogen and store it in a specific container in the form of high-pressure gas. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage at room temperature is the most widely used hydrogen storage method, with fast filling and discharging speed. Currently, hydrogen transport vehicles and hydrogen refueling stations generally use room-temperature steel pressure tanks to transport and store hydrogen. The biggest disadvantage of room-temperature gaseous hydrogen storage is the small hydrogen storage capacity.

[0005] 2. Liquid hydrogen storage

[0006] Liquid hydrogen storage is a method of compressing hydrogen into cryogenic liquid and storing it in a high vacuum insulated container. Liquid hydrogen storage has a high volume energy density, but since hydrogen liquefaction consumes a lot of cooling energy, the cost of hydrogen storage and use is increased. In addition, liquid hydrogen storage must use highly insulated hydrogen storage containers under ultra-low temperature conditions, and imperfect insulation can easily lead to high evaporation losses, so liquid hydrogen storage is rarely used.

[0007] 3. Solid-state hydrogen storage

[0008] Some hydrogen storage alloys, such as titanium, zirconium, iron and rare earth hydrogen storage alloys, can store hydrogen in the form of metal hydrides or by introducing them into metal lattices, and release hydrogen under heat input conditions. Metal hydrogen storage is safe, has a high mass density, and can be carried out at lower working temperatures and pressures. However, hydrogen storage alloys release heat when absorbing hydrogen and require high-temperature heating when releasing hydrogen. In addition, the alloys are heavy and have low cyclicity, which limits their widespread application.

[0009] 4. Liquid organic hydrogen storage

[0010] The principle of liquid organic hydrogen storage technology is to achieve hydrogenation and dehydrogenation by means of a pair of reversible reactions between hydrogen storage agents such as certain olefins, alkynes or aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen. The hydrogen storage material is liquid organic matter, which can be transported at room temperature and pressure, has a large hydrogen storage capacity, and is convenient and safe. However, its hydrogenation and dehydrogenation are carried out through exothermic catalytic hydrogenation and endothermic catalytic dehydrogenation reactions, respectively. The dehydrogenation conditions are harsh, requiring high temperature, high pressure and catalysts, and often release organic impurities, so it is not widely used.

[0011] That is, the above-mentioned four hydrogen storage methods all have their own advantages and disadvantages, but according to the needs of technological development, low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage has become an important research direction in this field; for example, in the technical scheme with patent application number CN202210540454.2, a preparation method of a Pd nanoparticle porous composite material and its low-temperature and room-temperature hydrogen storage applications are recorded, and in the technical scheme with patent application number CN202211530658.4, a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation device is recorded.

[0012] However, the existing technology has not yet produced a hydrogen discharge system that can match the above solution. For example, domestic hydrogen is generally stored and transported in the form of high-pressure gas at room temperature in steel pressure tanks. For example, the pressure of a hydrogen transport tube bundle truck is generally 20MPa. After being transported to a hydrogen refueling station, it is boosted to 45MPa by a compressor for storage, and then filled into the on-board carbon fiber low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank with a pressure of 35MPa. However, the high-pressure gas storage and transportation of hydrogen has a small hydrogen reserve, and the pressure needs to be continuously increased to increase the reserve, but the boosting equipment is expensive and energy-intensive.

[0013] Therefore, developing a solution that can be used with low-temperature hydrogen storage materials to improve hydrogen storage capacity and reduce hydrogen decomposition energy consumption has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation system to solve the problems that the existing hydrogen dehydrogenation system cannot be compatible with low-temperature hydrogen storage materials, has poor hydrogen storage capacity, and has high hydrogen dehydrogenation energy consumption.

[0015] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogen release system, comprising a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a high-pressure hydrogen storage device and a high-pressure gas output device; the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected to the air inlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank comprises an outer shell, an inner tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage material and a cooling pipe; the inner tank is arranged inside the outer shell; the outer wall of the inner tank is separated from the inner wall of the outer shell to form an interlayer, and the interlayer is filled with an insulating material; the low-temperature hydrogen storage material is filled in the inner tank; a coolant is stored in the cooling pipe, and the cooling pipe is connected to an inlet multi-way valve with controllable valve ports, the inlet multi-way valve is arranged outside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling pipe is used to cool the low-temperature hydrogen storage material; the air outlet end of the high-pressure gas output device is connected to a valve port of the inlet multi-way valve.

[0016] In one of the embodiments, a first hydrogen output passage and a second hydrogen output passage are connected in parallel between the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and a hydrogen heat exchanger is connected to the second hydrogen output passage.

[0017] In one of the embodiments, a third hydrogen output passage is connected between the gas outlet end of the hydrogen heat exchanger and the gas inlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and a hydrogen discharge end compressor is connected to the third hydrogen output passage.

[0018] In one embodiment, the hydrogen discharge system further includes a high-pressure hydrogen input device, a hydrogen cooling device and a refrigeration device; the outlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen input device is connected to the inlet end of the hydrogen cooling device, and the outlet end of the hydrogen cooling device is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the refrigeration device is connected to another valve port of the inlet multi-way valve, and the refrigeration device is used to store or circulate the coolant into the cooling pipeline.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, a first hydrogen input passage and a second hydrogen input passage are connected in parallel between the outlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen input device and the inlet end of the hydrogen cooling device, and a hydrogen filling end compressor is connected to the first hydrogen input passage.

[0020] In one of the embodiments, the cooling pipeline is connected to a coolant pressure relief valve, and the coolant pressure relief valve is arranged outside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0021] In one of the embodiments, the cooling pipe is arranged inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the low-temperature hydrogen storage material immerses the cooling pipe.

[0022] In one of the embodiments, the cooling pipe is arranged in the interlayer, and the cooling pipe abuts against the outer wall of the inner tank.

[0023] In one embodiment, the low-temperature hydrogen storage material is a porous material.

[0024] In one embodiment, the porous material includes Pd@Ce-H-UiO-66, Pd@Ce-UiO-66 or Pd@H-UiO-66.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] Firstly, since the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is provided with a cooling pipe and a low-temperature hydrogen storage material, a coolant is stored in the cooling pipe, and the cooling pipe is used to cool the low-temperature hydrogen storage material, this arrangement ensures that the low-temperature hydrogen storage material can be stored at low temperature in the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, thereby achieving the purpose of adapting the hydrogen release system to the low-temperature hydrogen storage material to improve the hydrogen storage capacity.

[0027] Secondly, since the cooling pipeline is connected to an inlet multi-way valve with controllable opening and closing of each valve port, and the inlet multi-way valve is arranged outside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the gas outlet end of the high-pressure gas output device is connected to a valve port of the inlet multi-way valve, when performing the hydrogen discharge operation, it is only necessary to empty the coolant in the cooling pipeline and use the high-pressure gas output device to fill in air flow, so that the temperature inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank can be increased, so that the hydrogen can be automatically filled into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device by temperature rise and pressurization, and there is no need to use a booster device during the entire process.

[0028] In summary, after adopting the hydrogen decomposition system of the present invention, the problems that the existing hydrogen decomposition system cannot be compatible with low-temperature hydrogen storage materials, has poor hydrogen storage capacity, and has high hydrogen decomposition energy consumption are effectively solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the implementation mode will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation modes of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram provided by a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram provided by a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram provided by a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the sixth embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the seventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram provided by an eighth embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the ninth embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.10is a structural schematic diagram provided by the tenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.11 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the eleventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.12 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the twelfth embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.13 is a schematic structural diagram provided by the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.14 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.15 This is the H2 adsorption curve of Pd@Ce-H-UiO-66 composite material.

[0045] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0046] 10. High-pressure hydrogen input device;

[0047] 20. Hydrogen cooling device;

[0048] 30. Low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; 31. Cooling pipeline; 32. Low-temperature hydrogen storage material; 33. Inlet multi-way valve; 34. Interlayer; 35. Insulation material; 36. Pressure relief pipeline; 37. Coolant pressure relief valve; 38. Outlet multi-way valve; 391. Inner tank; 392. Outer shell;

[0049] 40. High-pressure hydrogen storage device;

[0050] 50. Refrigeration equipment;

[0051] 60. High-pressure gas output device;

[0052] 70. Coolant temporary storage tank;

[0053] 811, first hydrogen input passage; 812, second hydrogen input passage; 821, first hydrogen output passage; 822, second hydrogen output passage; 823, third hydrogen output passage;

[0054] 91. Compressor at the hydrogen filling end; 92. Compressor at the hydrogen discharging end; 93. Hydrogen heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] In order to solve the problems described in the background technology, the present invention provides a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogen release system, the core of which has two points. The first point is that a special low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is provided, and the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is provided with a cooling pipe and a low-temperature hydrogen storage material. Since a coolant is stored in the cooling pipe and the low-temperature hydrogen storage material immerses the cooling pipe, low-temperature storage of the low-temperature hydrogen storage material is achieved, so that the hydrogen storage capacity can be greatly increased; the second point is to reasonably cooperate with the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the high-pressure hydrogen storage device and the high-pressure gas output device to realize automatic hydrogen filling and hydrogen release operations without the need for a booster device.

[0057] To achieve the above functions, various forms can be adopted. For example, for refrigeration of low-temperature hydrogen storage materials by cooling pipes, the cooling pipes can be arranged inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the low-temperature hydrogen storage materials are immersed in the cooling pipes; or the cooling pipes can be arranged in the interlayer, and the cooling pipes are in contact with the outer wall of the inner tank.

[0058] Therefore, in order to explain the hydrogen release system in more detail, a plurality of embodiments will be described below.

[0059] Embodiment 1

[0060] The present invention provides a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogen release system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a high-pressure hydrogen input device 10, a hydrogen cooling device 20, a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, a high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, a refrigeration device 50 and a high-pressure gas output device 60, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10 is connected to the gas inlet end of the hydrogen cooling device 20, the gas outlet of the hydrogen cooling device 20 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, and the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 is connected to the gas inlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40; wherein, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 are both open and close controllable structures, such as electric valves or manual valves can be set on the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet, so as to facilitate opening and closing control according to different occasions.

[0061] Regarding the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10, Figure 1 As shown, its main function is to store hydrogen at high pressure, so that when the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 needs to be inflated, the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10 can use its own internal pressure to fill the hydrogen into the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30; for example, the gaseous hydrogen storage tank in the existing hydrogen production plant is used to realize the normal temperature and high-pressure storage of hydrogen. As long as the gaseous hydrogen storage tank is connected to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, automatic filling of hydrogen can be realized, so this type of gaseous hydrogen storage tank can be used as the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10.

[0062] Regarding the hydrogen cooling device 20, Figure 1As shown, its function is to refrigerate the hydrogen output by the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10, so as to increase the storage capacity of hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30; therefore, after adopting the above-mentioned setting method, the room-temperature hydrogen output by the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10 will enter the hydrogen cooling device 20, and then the hydrogen cooling device 20 will cool the hydrogen to the set temperature, and finally the low-temperature hydrogen can be output to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 for storage.

[0063] Regarding the low temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, Figure 1 As shown, its function is to realize low-temperature and high-pressure storage of hydrogen, so to achieve this purpose, the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 of this embodiment is provided with a cooling pipe 31 and a low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32; the cooling pipe 31 is a single-port structure, for example, the cooling pipe 31 of this embodiment is a horizontally arranged straight pipe structure, the cooling pipe 31 is only provided with a port on its left side, and the rest of the cooling pipe 31 is a closed structure, so after the cooling pipe 31 is provided inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, only the left side port of the cooling pipe 31 is exposed outside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, so that the single port of the cooling pipe 31 is connected to each valve port, and the opening and closing of the valve port can be controlled. Inlet multi-way valve 33; specifically, the inlet multi-way valve 33 is arranged outside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, and the inlet multi-way valve 33 is a double-valve port structure, so by controlling the opening and closing of the inlet multi-way valve 33, the cooling pipe 31 can be made into a container for storing coolant; finally, the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 is filled into the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, and the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 is immersed in the cooling pipe 31; and at this time, in order to better maintain the internal low temperature of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 is also provided with an interlayer 34 in its wall, and the interlayer 34 is filled with insulating material 35.

[0064] Among them, the valve port opening and closing control form of the above-mentioned inlet multi-way valve 33 is not unique. For example, each valve port of the inlet multi-way valve 33 may have an opening and closing control structure itself, or each valve port of the multi-way valve may be connected to a corresponding valve to form an inlet multi-way valve 33 with controllable opening and closing of each valve port.

[0065] Secondly, the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 does not need to completely fill the interior of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30. It is only necessary to ensure that the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 can immerse the cooling pipe 31 so that there is appropriate space inside for hydrogen to be filled, thereby accelerating the storage of hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32.

[0066] Furthermore, there are many types of low-temperature hydrogen storage materials 32, for example, the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 can be zeolite, molecular sieve, metal organic framework material (MOF), porous coordination polymer, porous covalent polymer, hydrogen bond polymer, molecular cage, graphene, carbon nanotube, graphite, Mxene and metal materials such as nano palladium metal particles, palladium alloy, nickel alloy, platinum and porous composite materials, etc., as well as mixed materials containing these materials, etc., so choosing a suitable low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 is of great help to improve the hydrogen storage effect; specifically In this embodiment, the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 is a porous material, such as a Pd nanoparticle porous composite material, which is a preferred low-temperature hydrogen storage material. It can have a variety of options, such as the Pd nanoparticle porous composite material can be Pd@Ce-H-UiO-66, Pd@Ce-UiO-66 or Pd@H-UiO-66; and in this embodiment, the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 is preferably a Pd nanoparticle porous composite material, and the Pd nanoparticle porous composite material is Pd@Ce-H-UiO-66. At this time Fig.15 : This is the H2 adsorption curve of the Pd@Ce-H-UiO-66 composite material at low temperature 77K and 0-90bar H2 conditions. The figure shows that the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 can reach a hydrogen storage mass density of 11.6wt% under the conditions of 77K and 8MPa pressure, which is much greater than the recognized industrial application condition of 5wt%.

[0067] It should also be pointed out that, since the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 has excellent performance at low temperatures, the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 needs to use the cooling pipe 31 to assist in maintaining the low temperature in the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, and the cooled hydrogen should also be filled at the same time, thereby further shortening the hydrogen loading time. In addition, under the condition of low temperature and high pressure, if the pressure is increased, the hydrogen storage capacity of the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 will also increase significantly, so if conditions permit, the pressure should also be increased as much as possible.

[0068] Regarding the refrigeration device 50, Figure 1 As shown, the refrigeration device 50 is connected to the valve port of the inlet multi-way valve 33, and its function is to store the coolant in the cooling pipe 31; for example, this embodiment adopts a liquid nitrogen tank as the refrigeration device 50. After the liquid nitrogen tank is connected to the cooling pipe 31, as long as the corresponding valve port of the inlet multi-way valve 33 is opened, the liquid nitrogen tank can use its own internal pressure to automatically fill the cooling pipe 31 with liquid nitrogen, that is, liquid nitrogen is used as the coolant to achieve the low temperature maintenance effect of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30.

[0069] Regarding the high pressure gas output device 60, Figure 1As shown, the outlet end of the high-pressure gas output device 60 is connected to another valve port of the inlet multi-way valve 33, and its function is to fill the cooling pipe 31 with high-pressure gas to heat the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32; it should be pointed out that the high-pressure gas output device 60 here is different from the hydrogen pressurizing device of the hydrogen storage station, and its pressurization requirement is not high. It only needs to generate the corresponding gas (such as air) to be filled into the cooling pipe 31, so its use cost and energy consumption are also much lower than the hydrogen pressurizing device of the hydrogen storage station.

[0070] When applied, three main operations are involved: hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation, and hydrogen dehydrogenation. Therefore, the dehydrogenation system of this embodiment is generally split and placed in different places. For example, the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10 and the hydrogen cooling device 20 can be placed in a hydrogen production plant, the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 can be placed on a transport vehicle, and the high-pressure gas output device 60 can be placed in a place where hydrogen dehydrogenation is required. The specific application method is as follows:

[0071] S1, when hydrogen storage operation is required, the refrigeration device 50 is connected to the inlet multi-way valve 33, and the other valve ports of the inlet multi-way valve 33 are kept in a closed state, and then the refrigeration device 50 fills the cooling pipe 31 with coolant to reduce the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 to the required temperature;

[0072] S2, connect the hydrogen inlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 with the gas outlet of the hydrogen cooling device 20, and control the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 to be closed; then open the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10, and the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10 uses its own internal pressure to transport hydrogen to the hydrogen cooling device 20. After the hydrogen cooling device 20 cools the hydrogen to the set temperature, the hydrogen can be transported to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 for storage; it should be noted that this is a non-powered automatic hydrogen filling process;

[0073] S3, after the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 is filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen inlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 is closed, and the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 is placed on a transport vehicle, so as to transport the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 to a place where hydrogen needs to be discharged;

[0074] S4, connect the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 to the air inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, and use the coolant temporary storage tank 70 to replace the refrigeration device 50 to connect a valve port of the inlet multi-way valve 33, so as to pump the coolant in the cooling pipe 31 to the coolant temporary storage tank 70 for temporary storage;

[0075] S5, after the coolant in the cooling pipe 31 is evacuated, one valve port of the inlet multi-way valve 33 is connected to the high-pressure gas output device 60, and the other valve port is opened, and then the high-pressure gas output device 60 can output the high-pressure gas into the cooling pipe 31, and the high-pressure gas flows out through the above-mentioned opened valve port, so the flow of the high-pressure gas in the cooling pipe 31 will cause the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 to heat up;

[0076] S6, as the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 rises, the hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 will be automatically released. After the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, the internal pressure of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 will cause the hydrogen inside to automatically fill into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, thereby completing the hydrogen release operation; it should be noted that this is also a non-powered automatic hydrogen filling process;

[0077] S7, according to the use demand, the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 is used to inflate the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank or other hydrogen-using equipment.

[0078] Obviously, after adopting this embodiment, whether it is the storage of hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 or the storage of hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, both are unpowered automatic charging processes. The whole process no longer needs to use high-pressure pressurizing equipment. It is only necessary to circulate and inflate the cooling pipe 31 through an ordinary high-pressure gas output device 60. Not only does it greatly reduce the investment cost of the entire hydrogen discharge system, but the operating stability is also far better than the existing technology, which effectively solves the difficulties existing in the existing hydrogen discharge system.

[0079] It should be pointed out that the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10, hydrogen cooling device 20 and refrigeration device 50 listed in this embodiment (or the embodiments below) are not necessary structures for the hydrogen decomposition system to realize hydrogen decomposition. The purpose of listing the above structures is to fully illustrate the entire hydrogen charging and decomposition process. In actual application, the hydrogen decomposition system of this embodiment can be used in conjunction with other devices for hydrogen charging, or used alone for hydrogen decomposition operations.

[0080] Embodiment 2

[0081] The second embodiment of the present invention is Figure 2 As shown, it is basically the same as the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the cooling pipe 31 of this embodiment is connected to a pressure relief pipe 36, the pressure relief pipe 36 extends from the inside of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 to the outside of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, and is connected to a coolant pressure relief valve 37.

[0082] For example, the pressure relief pipe 36 of this embodiment is a vertically arranged straight pipe, the lower end of which is connected to the cooling pipe 31, and the upper end of which passes through the outside of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 and is connected to the coolant pressure relief valve 37; therefore, once the internal pressure of the cooling pipe 31 exceeds the rated value, the coolant pressure relief valve 37 can be automatically opened to timely release the pressure inside the cooling pipe 31.

[0083] Specifically, when applying, the liquid nitrogen tank can be connected to the cooling pipe 31, and the cooling pipe 31 is filled with liquid nitrogen; if the liquid nitrogen in the cooling pipe 31 heats up, a large amount of nitrogen will be generated, that is, the pressure in the cooling pipe 31 will also increase. At this time, the coolant pressure relief valve 37 can timely relieve the pressure of the cooling pipe 31, and the liquid nitrogen tank can also use its own internal pressure to automatically fill the cooling pipe 31 with liquid nitrogen, which also improves the convenience of use.

[0084] Embodiment 3

[0085] The third embodiment of the present invention is Figure 3 As shown, it is basically the same as the second embodiment of the present invention, except that, in this embodiment, the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10 and the hydrogen cooling device 20 are connected in parallel with a first hydrogen input passage 811 and a second hydrogen input passage 812, and the first hydrogen input passage 811 is connected to a hydrogen filling end compressor 91.

[0086] For example, when there is no special requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, the first hydrogen input passage 811 can be closed and the second hydrogen input passage 812 can be opened, that is, the storage of hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 can be completed by only using the pressure inside the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10.

[0087] When there is a higher requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, the first hydrogen input passage 811 can be opened, the second hydrogen input passage 812 can be closed, and then the hydrogen filling end compressor 91 can be started to pressurize the hydrogen output by the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10, so that the higher pressure hydrogen can be sent to the hydrogen cooling device 20 for cooling and then filled into the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30.

[0088] That is, after adopting this embodiment, the input pressure of hydrogen to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 can be adjusted according to different needs to meet the usage requirements in different situations, so that the flexibility and versatility of use are greatly improved.

[0089] It should also be pointed out that in order to achieve the on-off control of the first hydrogen gas input passage 811 and the second hydrogen gas input passage 812 , it is only necessary to set corresponding valves on the first hydrogen gas input passage 811 and the second hydrogen gas input passage 812 .

[0090] Embodiment 4

[0091] A fourth embodiment of the present invention is Figure 4 As shown, it is basically consistent with the third embodiment of the present invention, except that, in this embodiment, the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 and the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 are connected in parallel with a first hydrogen output passage 821 and a second hydrogen output passage 822, and the second hydrogen output passage 822 is connected to a hydrogen heat exchanger 93.

[0092] For example, when there is no special requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 , the first hydrogen output passage 821 can be opened and the second hydrogen output passage 822 can be closed, that is, the hydrogen inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 can be directly charged into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 .

[0093] When there is a specific requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, the first hydrogen output passage 821 can be closed and the second hydrogen output passage 822 can be opened, that is, the hydrogen inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 will first be sent to the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 for heat exchange and temperature expansion, so the hydrogen will be filled into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 at a higher pressure.

[0094] That is, after adopting this embodiment, the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 can be adjusted according to different needs to meet the usage requirements in different situations, so that the flexibility and versatility of use are greatly improved.

[0095] It should also be pointed out that in order to achieve the on-off control of the first hydrogen output passage 821 and the second hydrogen output passage 822 , it is only necessary to set corresponding valves on the first hydrogen output passage 821 and the second hydrogen output passage 822 .

[0096] Embodiment 5

[0097] A fifth embodiment of the present invention is Figure 5 As shown, it is basically the same as the fourth embodiment of the present invention, except that a third hydrogen output passage 823 is connected between the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 and the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 of this embodiment, and a hydrogen discharge end compressor 92 is connected to the third hydrogen output passage 823.

[0098] For example, when there is a higher demand for the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, the first hydrogen output passage 821 and the second hydrogen output passage 822 can be closed, and the third hydrogen output passage 823 can be opened, that is, the hydrogen inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 will first be sent to the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 for heat exchange and temperature expansion, and then compressed and pressurized by the hydrogen discharge end compressor 92, so that the hydrogen can be filled into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 at a higher pressure.

[0099] That is, after adopting this embodiment, the input pressure adjustment range of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 can be further expanded to meet the usage requirements in more situations, so that the flexibility and versatility of use are further improved.

[0100] It should also be pointed out that in order to achieve the on-off control of the third hydrogen output passage 823, it is only necessary to set a corresponding valve on the third hydrogen output passage 823, and the valve on the second hydrogen output passage 822 should be set between the outlet end of the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 and the inlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40.

[0101] Embodiment 6

[0102] The sixth embodiment of the present invention is Figure 6 As shown, it is basically consistent with the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the difference is that the cooling pipe 31 of this embodiment is a dual-port structure, and the two ports of the cooling pipe 31 are respectively connected to the inlet multi-way valve 33 and the outlet multi-way valve 38 with controllable opening and closing of each valve port, so that the cooling pipe 31 is connected to the refrigeration device 50 as a passage for the circulation of the coolant.

[0103] Therefore, when in use, the output end of the refrigeration device 50 will be connected to the inlet multi-way valve 33, and the input end of the refrigeration device 50 will be connected to the outlet multi-way valve 38, so the refrigeration device 50 can input the coolant into the cooling pipe 31 and control the circulation of the coolant in the cooling pipe 31.

[0104] For example, the refrigeration device 50 is used to produce low temperatures to ensure that the coolant is always kept at a low temperature. In order to achieve the circulation of the coolant, a circulation pump can be integrated in the refrigeration device 50 itself, or the refrigeration device 50 and the circulation pump can be connected in series.

[0105] Among them, the valve port opening and closing control form of the above-mentioned outlet multi-way valve 38 is not unique. For example, each valve port of the outlet multi-way valve 38 may have an opening and closing control structure itself, or each valve port of the multi-way valve may be connected to a corresponding valve to form an outlet multi-way valve 38 with controllable opening and closing of each valve port.

[0106] In addition, the outlet multi-way valve 38 at this time is also a double valve port structure, one valve port thereof is connected to the input end of the refrigeration device 50, and the other valve port is vacant, or connected to the coolant temporary storage tank 70 when the coolant needs to be temporarily stored.

[0107] Embodiment 7

[0108] The seventh embodiment of the present invention is Figure 7 As shown, it is basically consistent with the sixth embodiment of the present invention, except that a coolant pressure relief valve 37 is connected to the cooling pipe 31 and the outlet multi-way valve 38 of this embodiment.

[0109] It should be pointed out that when the coolant enters the cooling pipe 31 through the inlet multi-way valve 33, its temperature is generally low, and when the coolant flows out of the cooling pipe 31 through the outlet multi-way valve 38, its temperature will generally increase, that is, the pressure near the outlet multi-way valve 38 is generally greater than the pressure near the inlet multi-way valve 33, so this embodiment changes the coolant pressure relief valve 37 to be located near the outlet multi-way valve 38, so that the coolant pressure relief valve 37 can perform a more accurate and efficient pressure relief operation.

[0110] Embodiment 8

[0111] The sixth embodiment of the present invention is Figure 8 As shown, it is basically the same as the first embodiment of the present invention, the difference is that the cooling pipe 31 is arranged in the interlayer 34, the cooling pipe 31 is in contact with the outer wall of the inner liner 391, and the cooling pipe 31 is a single-port structure, and the single port of the cooling pipe 31 is connected to the inlet multi-way valve 33, so that the cooling pipe 31 becomes a container for storing coolant.

[0112] After adopting this setting method, the cooling pipe 31 will first cool the inner tank 391 and then cool the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 , which can also meet the cooling requirements of the low-temperature hydrogen storage material 32 .

[0113] Embodiment 9

[0114] The ninth embodiment of the present invention is Fig. 9 As shown, it is basically consistent with the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the difference is that the cooling pipe 31 of this embodiment is connected to the pressure relief pipe 36, the pressure relief pipe 36 extends from the inside of the interlayer 34 to the outside of the interlayer 34 and is connected to the coolant pressure relief valve 37.

[0115] For example, the pressure relief pipe 36 of this embodiment is a horizontally arranged straight pipe, whose left end is connected to the cooling pipe 31, and whose right end passes through the outside of the interlayer 34 and is connected to the coolant pressure relief valve 37; therefore, once the internal pressure of the cooling pipe 31 exceeds the rated value, the coolant pressure relief valve 37 can be automatically opened to timely release the pressure inside the cooling pipe 31.

[0116] Specifically, when applying, the liquid nitrogen tank can be connected to the cooling pipe 31, and the cooling pipe 31 is filled with liquid nitrogen; if the liquid nitrogen in the cooling pipe 31 heats up, a large amount of nitrogen will be generated, that is, the pressure in the cooling pipe 31 will also increase. At this time, the coolant pressure relief valve 37 can timely relieve the pressure of the cooling pipe 31, and the liquid nitrogen tank can also use its own internal pressure to automatically fill the cooling pipe 31 with liquid nitrogen, which also improves the convenience of use.

[0117] Embodiment 10

[0118] The tenth embodiment of the present invention is Fig.10 As shown, it is basically the same as the ninth embodiment of the present invention, except that, in this embodiment, the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10 and the hydrogen cooling device 20 are connected in parallel with a first hydrogen input passage 811 and a second hydrogen input passage 812, and the first hydrogen input passage 811 is connected to a hydrogen filling end compressor 91.

[0119] For example, when there is no special requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, the first hydrogen input passage 811 can be closed and the second hydrogen input passage 812 can be opened, that is, the storage of hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 can be completed by only using the pressure inside the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10.

[0120] When there is a higher requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30, the first hydrogen input passage 811 can be opened, the second hydrogen input passage 812 can be closed, and then the hydrogen filling end compressor 91 can be started to pressurize the hydrogen output by the high-pressure hydrogen input device 10, so that the higher pressure hydrogen can be sent to the hydrogen cooling device 20 for cooling and then filled into the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30.

[0121] That is, after adopting this embodiment, the input pressure of hydrogen to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 can be adjusted according to different needs to meet the usage requirements in different situations, so that the flexibility and versatility of use are greatly improved.

[0122] It should also be pointed out that in order to achieve the on-off control of the first hydrogen gas input passage 811 and the second hydrogen gas input passage 812 , it is only necessary to set corresponding valves on the first hydrogen gas input passage 811 and the second hydrogen gas input passage 812 .

[0123] Embodiment 11

[0124] The eleventh embodiment of the present invention is Fig.11 As shown, it is basically consistent with the tenth embodiment of the present invention, except that, in this embodiment, the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 and the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 are connected in parallel with a first hydrogen output passage 821 and a second hydrogen output passage 822, and the second hydrogen output passage 822 is connected to a hydrogen heat exchanger 93.

[0125] For example, when there is no special requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 , the first hydrogen output passage 821 can be opened and the second hydrogen output passage 822 can be closed, that is, the hydrogen inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 can be directly charged into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 .

[0126] When there is a specific requirement for the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, the first hydrogen output passage 821 can be closed and the second hydrogen output passage 822 can be opened, that is, the hydrogen inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 will first be sent to the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 for heat exchange and temperature expansion, so the hydrogen will be filled into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 at a higher pressure.

[0127] That is, after adopting this embodiment, the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 can be adjusted according to different needs to meet the usage requirements in different situations, so that the flexibility and versatility of use are greatly improved.

[0128] It should also be pointed out that in order to achieve the on-off control of the first hydrogen output passage 821 and the second hydrogen output passage 822 , it is only necessary to set corresponding valves on the first hydrogen output passage 821 and the second hydrogen output passage 822 .

[0129] Embodiment 12

[0130] The twelfth embodiment of the present invention is Fig.12 As shown, it is basically consistent with the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, except that a third hydrogen output passage 823 is connected between the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 and the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 of this embodiment, and a hydrogen discharge end compressor 92 is connected to the third hydrogen output passage 823.

[0131] For example, when there is a higher demand for the input pressure of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40, the first hydrogen output passage 821 and the second hydrogen output passage 822 can be closed, and the third hydrogen output passage 823 can be opened, that is, the hydrogen inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 30 will first be sent to the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 for heat exchange and temperature expansion, and then compressed and pressurized by the hydrogen discharge end compressor 92, so that the hydrogen can be filled into the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 at a higher pressure.

[0132] That is, after adopting this embodiment, the input pressure adjustment range of hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40 can be further expanded to meet the usage requirements in more situations, so that the flexibility and versatility of use are further improved.

[0133] It should also be pointed out that in order to achieve the on-off control of the third hydrogen output passage 823, it is only necessary to set a corresponding valve on the third hydrogen output passage 823, and the valve on the second hydrogen output passage 822 should be set between the outlet end of the hydrogen heat exchanger 93 and the inlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device 40.

[0134] Embodiment 13

[0135] The thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is Fig.13As shown, it is basically consistent with the twelfth embodiment of the present invention, the difference is that the cooling pipe 31 of this embodiment is a dual-port structure, and the two ports of the cooling pipe 31 are respectively connected to the inlet multi-way valve 33 and the outlet multi-way valve 38 with controllable opening and closing of each valve port, so that the cooling pipe 31 is connected to the refrigeration device 50 to form a passage for the circulation of the coolant.

[0136] Therefore, when in use, the output end of the refrigeration device 50 will be connected to the inlet multi-way valve 33, and the input end of the refrigeration device 50 will be connected to the outlet multi-way valve 38, so the refrigeration device 50 can input the coolant into the cooling pipe 31 and control the circulation of the coolant in the cooling pipe 31.

[0137] For example, the refrigeration device 50 is used to produce low temperatures to ensure that the coolant is always kept at a low temperature. In order to achieve the circulation of the coolant, a circulation pump can be integrated in the refrigeration device 50 itself, or the refrigeration device 50 and the circulation pump can be connected in series.

[0138] Among them, the valve port opening and closing control form of the above-mentioned outlet multi-way valve 38 is not unique. For example, each valve port of the outlet multi-way valve 38 may have an opening and closing control structure itself, or each valve port of the multi-way valve may be connected to a corresponding valve to form an outlet multi-way valve 38 with controllable opening and closing of each valve port.

[0139] In addition, the outlet multi-way valve 38 at this time is also a double valve port structure, one valve port thereof is connected to the input end of the refrigeration device 50, and the other valve port is vacant, or connected to the coolant temporary storage tank 70 when the coolant needs to be temporarily stored.

[0140] Embodiment 14

[0141] The fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is Fig.14 As shown, it is basically consistent with the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention, except that a coolant pressure relief valve 37 is connected to the cooling pipe 31 and the outlet multi-way valve 38 of this embodiment.

[0142] It should be pointed out that when the coolant enters the cooling pipe 31 through the inlet multi-way valve 33, its temperature is generally low, and when the coolant flows out of the cooling pipe 31 through the outlet multi-way valve 38, its temperature will generally increase, that is, the pressure near the outlet multi-way valve 38 is generally greater than the pressure near the inlet multi-way valve 33, so this embodiment changes the coolant pressure relief valve 37 to be located near the outlet multi-way valve 38, so that the coolant pressure relief valve 37 can perform a more accurate and efficient pressure relief operation.

[0143] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogen release system, characterized in that: It includes a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a high-pressure hydrogen storage device and a high-pressure gas output device; The hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected to the air inlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank includes an outer shell, an inner tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage material and a cooling pipeline; the inner tank is arranged inside the outer shell; the outer wall of the inner tank is separated from the inner wall of the outer shell to form an interlayer, and the interlayer is filled with an insulating material; the low-temperature hydrogen storage material is filled in the inner tank; the cooling pipeline stores a coolant, and the cooling pipeline is connected to an inlet multi-way valve with controllable opening and closing of each valve port, and the inlet multi-way valve is arranged outside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling pipeline is used to cool the low-temperature hydrogen storage material; The gas outlet end of the high-pressure gas output device is connected to a valve port of the inlet multi-way valve; A first hydrogen output passage and a second hydrogen output passage are connected in parallel between the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and a hydrogen heat exchanger is connected to the second hydrogen output passage; A third hydrogen output passage is connected between the gas outlet end of the hydrogen heat exchanger and the gas inlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and a hydrogen discharge end compressor is connected to the third hydrogen output passage; The hydrogen discharge system also includes a high-pressure hydrogen input device, a hydrogen cooling device and a refrigeration device; The gas outlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen input device is connected to the gas inlet end of the hydrogen cooling device, and the gas outlet end of the hydrogen cooling device is connected to the hydrogen inlet end of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; The refrigeration device is connected to another valve port of the inlet multi-way valve, and the refrigeration device is used to store or circulate the coolant into the cooling pipeline; A first hydrogen input passage and a second hydrogen input passage are connected in parallel between the gas outlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen input device and the gas inlet end of the hydrogen cooling device, and a hydrogen filling end compressor is connected to the first hydrogen input passage.

2. The hydrogen discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling pipeline is connected to a coolant pressure relief valve, and the coolant pressure relief valve is arranged outside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

3. The hydrogen discharge system according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cooling pipeline is arranged inside the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the low-temperature hydrogen storage material immerses the cooling pipeline.

4. The hydrogen discharge system according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cooling pipe is arranged in the interlayer, and the cooling pipe abuts against the outer wall of the inner tank.

5. The hydrogen discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature hydrogen storage material is a porous material.

6. The hydrogen discharge system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The porous material is one of Pd@Ce-H-UiO-66, Pd@Ce-UiO-66 or Pd@H-UiO-66.

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