A method for the layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for the layout of hydrogen refueling stations on highways considering different hydrogen sources. The method includes: constructing a one-dimensional model of the highway based on actual travel data of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the highway structure, and generating a hydrogen refueling demand characteristic model for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Based on this, by comparing the costs of hydrogen refueling stations using external hydrogen sources and on-site hydrogen production, and with the objective function of maximizing the economic benefits of hydrogen refueling station investment and operation, a highway hydrogen refueling station site selection model is constructed. This model is then solved using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved inertia weighting to obtain the hydrogen source selection scheme and the hydrogen refueling station layout scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy technology and relates to a method for the layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations that takes into account different hydrogen sources. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to charging electric vehicles, refueling with hydrogen is extremely fast, as convenient as refueling a car. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will play a significant role in future transportation. However, the cost of hydrogen remains high, and much of the equipment still relies on imports. This results in substantial investments in both hydrogen source and construction costs for hydrogen refueling stations. Furthermore, different hydrogen production methods significantly affect hydrogen costs. Therefore, choosing the most economical, efficient, and scientifically sound approach to hydrogen source acquisition and refueling station layout is crucial to driving the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Objective: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for the layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations that takes into account different hydrogen sources.

[0004] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] Firstly, a method for the layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources is provided, including:

[0006] S1. Based on the highway structure, construct a one-dimensional road traffic flow model for the highway;

[0007] S2. Based on historical hydrogen fuel cell vehicle travel data, a hydrogen refueling demand characteristic model for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is formed.

[0008] S3. Based on the actual cost data of raw materials and transportation, establish a cost calculation model for external hydrogen sources and a cost calculation model for hydrogen production within the station;

[0009] S4. Based on the one-dimensional road traffic flow model of the highway, the hydrogen demand characteristic model of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the cost calculation model of external hydrogen sources and the cost calculation model of hydrogen production at the station, and considering different constraints, a hydrogen refueling station layout optimization target model is constructed according to different hydrogen source acquisition methods, with the objective function of maximizing the economic benefits of hydrogen refueling stations.

[0010] S5. The target model is solved using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved weights to obtain the optimal hydrogen source method and corresponding layout scheme for highway hydrogen refueling stations.

[0011] In some embodiments, step S2, based on historical hydrogen fuel cell vehicle travel data, forms a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle refueling demand characteristic model, including:

[0012] Based on the travel data of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, obtain the state of charge (SOC) of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle at the moment of travel.c and mileage S c The final state of charge (SOC) at the moment of shutdown T and mileage S T By comparing the battery capacities of the two tests:

[0013] If SOC c <SOC T Therefore, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle must have undergone energy replenishment, and the refueling time T is... Q for:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, S a Mileage per unit;

[0016] If SOC c SOC T Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the driving range of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. If the total mileage is too high, even with refueling, a state of ignition (SOC) may still occur. c SOC T Situation:

[0017] (SOC c -SOC T )·S a >S T -S C

[0018] If the above formula is satisfied, then no hydrogen addition has been performed, and there is no need to calculate the hydrogen addition time.

[0019] If the above equation is not satisfied, then hydrogenation has occurred, and the hydrogenation time T needs to be calculated. Q The calculation method is the same as above.

[0020] In some embodiments, the cost calculation model for the external hydrogen source in step S3 includes:

[0021] C W =C W,F +C W,L +C W,Y

[0022]

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] Among them, C W The cost of external hydrogen sources is represented by N, and the number of hydrogen refueling stations is represented by T. Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, C W,FD represents the annual cost of purchasing hydrogen from wind power-generated hydrogen plants for hydrogen refueling stations. F Q represents the unit price of hydrogen purchased by a hydrogen refueling station from a wind farm. i Let i be the annual hydrogen demand of the i-th hydrogen refueling station;

[0026] C W,L D represents the annual cost of purchasing hydrogen from the chlor-alkali hydrogen production plant for the hydrogen refueling station. L The unit price of hydrogen purchased by the hydrogen refueling station from the chlor-alkali plant;

[0027] C W,Y For the annual cost of transporting hydrogen, Y q For the unit power consumption of hydrogen pressure, G q For electricity price, H Y Fuel consumption per unit distance, L i The distance Y is one year's journey to the i-th hydrogen refueling station. J G represents the price of oil, and G represents the fixed cost of transportation.

[0028] In some embodiments, the on-site hydrogen production cost calculation model in step S3 includes:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, C z T represents the cost of hydrogen production at the station, N represents the number of hydrogen refueling stations; Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, T i,gas The unit price of natural gas transported to the i-th hydrogen refueling station, M i,gas The annual natural gas consumption of the i-th hydrogen refueling station, D i,H The annual electricity consumption for hydrogen production at the i-th hydrogen refueling station is G. q For electricity price, G d Fixed losses in the hydrogen production process, TZ i Investment price of hydrogen production equipment for the i-th hydrogen refueling station.

[0031] In some embodiments, step S4 includes:

[0032] (1) Economic benefit objective function of hydrogen refueling stations constructed from external hydrogen sources:

[0033] min C = C W +C J1 +C Y1 -Y L

[0034]

[0035] C Y1 =γ·C J1

[0036]

[0037] Among them, C W Cost of external hydrogen sources; C J1 Let N be the construction cost of a hydrogen refueling station, τ be the number of hydrogen refueling stations, and T be the discount rate. Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, C b1 K invests in fixed costs for hydrogen refueling station equipment. i,b Let TD be the scale coefficient of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. i,1 C represents the land cost for the i-th hydrogen refueling station; Y1 The operating cost of a hydrogen refueling station is directly proportional to the scale of construction, where γ is a set proportionality coefficient; Y L For the revenue of hydrogen refueling stations, J m S is the price per unit of hydrogen. a,T S represents the final driving range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. a,C SQ represents the initial range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. d Hydrogen consumption per unit distance;

[0038] Constraints:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, Q i CN represents the annual hydrogen demand of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. j Let j be the total annual production capacity of the hydrogen sources;

[0041] (3) Economic benefit objective function of hydrogen refueling stations constructed based on on-site hydrogen production:

[0042] min C = C Z +C J2 +C Y2 -Y L

[0043]

[0044] C Y2 =γ·C J2

[0045]

[0046] Among these adjustments, considering that on-site hydrogen production would require a larger land area and incurr greater investment costs, all corresponding coefficients have been adjusted. Z Cost of hydrogen production at the station; C J2 Let N be the construction cost of a hydrogen refueling station, τ be the number of hydrogen refueling stations, and T be the discount rate. Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, C b2 K invests in fixed costs for hydrogen refueling station equipment. i,b Let TD be the scale coefficient of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. i,2C represents the land cost for the i-th hydrogen refueling station; Y2 The operating cost of a hydrogen refueling station is directly proportional to the scale of construction, where γ is a set proportionality coefficient; Y L For the revenue of hydrogen refueling stations, J m S is the price per unit of hydrogen. a,T S represents the final driving range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. a,C SQ represents the initial range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. d Hydrogen consumption per unit distance;

[0047] Constraints:

[0048]

[0049] Among them, Q i Z represents the annual hydrogen demand of the i-th hydrogen refueling station; i This represents the station's total annual hydrogen production.

[0050] In some embodiments, step S5 includes:

[0051] The general formulas for velocity and position updates in particle swarm optimization are:

[0052] v i,j (t+1)=ωv i,j (t)+c1rand1(pbest i,j -x i,j (t))+c2rand2(gbest i,j -x i,j (t))x i,j (t+1)=x i,j (t)+v i,j (t+1)

[0053] Among them, v i,j (t), x i,j (t) represents the velocity and position at time t; ω∈[0,1] represents the inertia weight; c1 and c2∈[0,2] represent the individual learning factor and the social learning factor, respectively; rand1 and rand2∈[0,1] are two random numbers following a uniform distribution; pbest i,j For the individual's optimal; gbest i,j It is the global optimum;

[0054] The improved inertial weight ω(t0) is:

[0055]

[0056] Where, ω start ω endThese are the initial and final values ​​of the inertia weight, respectively; t is the set number of iterations; t0 is the current number of iterations; rand3∈[0,1] is a random number that follows a uniform distribution.

[0057] The improved inertia weight can adjust the inertia weight according to the number of iterations. In the early stage of the iteration, ω decreases slowly, allowing the particle to search fully in the global scope and avoid easily getting trapped in local optima. In the later stage of the iteration, the rate of ω decreases faster, maintaining the local search capability.

[0058] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a layout device for highway hydrogen refueling stations that takes into account different hydrogen sources, including a processor and a storage medium;

[0059] The storage medium is used to store instructions;

[0060] The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to the first aspect.

[0061] Thirdly, the present invention provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0062] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a method for the layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources. Based on the specific structure of highways, a one-dimensional road model is constructed. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle refueling demand characteristic model is established based on hydrogen fuel cell vehicle travel data. Considering the high initial investment cost of hydrogen refueling stations in my country and the higher cost of hydrogen production compared to other energy sources, the invention compares two methods of hydrogen acquisition: hydrogen production at external factories and direct purchase by the refueling station, versus in-station hydrogen production. The overall economic benefits of hydrogen refueling stations are studied, and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved inertia weights is used to prevent the results from getting trapped in local optima and to obtain the global optimal solution, thus obtaining the optimal layout scheme. This provides a reference for future hydrogen refueling station construction and promotes the use of hydrogen energy. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a roadmap for the optimized layout of hydrogen refueling stations on highways according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved inertia weight according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0067] In the description of this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] A method for the layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources includes:

[0070] S1. Based on the highway structure, construct a one-dimensional road traffic flow model for the highway;

[0071] S2. Based on historical hydrogen fuel cell vehicle travel data, a hydrogen refueling demand characteristic model for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is formed.

[0072] S3. Based on the actual cost data of raw materials and transportation, establish a cost calculation model for external hydrogen sources and a cost calculation model for hydrogen production within the station;

[0073] S4. Based on the one-dimensional road traffic flow model of the highway, the hydrogen demand characteristic model of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the cost calculation model of external hydrogen sources and the cost calculation model of hydrogen production at the station, and considering different constraints, a hydrogen refueling station layout optimization target model is constructed according to different hydrogen source acquisition methods, with the objective function of maximizing the economic benefits of hydrogen refueling stations.

[0074] S5. The target model is solved using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved weights to obtain the optimal hydrogen source method and corresponding layout scheme for highway hydrogen refueling stations.

[0075] The following provides a detailed explanation of the above steps:

[0076] According to one embodiment of this application, reference is made to... Figure 1 The proposed layout method for hydrogen refueling stations along highways includes:

[0077] Based on the one-dimensional traffic flow model of highways described in S1:

[0078] This invention uses the starting point of the highway as the origin of the coordinate system, the actual length of the target highway section as the horizontal coordinate axis, and considers the location of the hydrogen refueling station as a point on this horizontal coordinate axis. The highway traffic flow calculation method is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where, q c Let λ be the traffic flow rate, λ be the number of highway lanes, k be the traffic density, and v be the traffic flow rate. f k represents the speed of a vehicle when the highway is open to traffic. j This refers to the traffic density when there is congestion on the highway.

[0081] Based on the hydrogen refueling demand characteristic model for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles described in S2, including:

[0082] Based on the travel data of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, obtain the SOC (State of Charge) for each travel time of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. c and mileage S c The final stop time for SOC T and mileage S T By comparing the battery capacities of the two tests:

[0083] If SOC c <SOC T Therefore, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle must have undergone energy replenishment, and the refueling time was:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, S a The distance traveled is measured in units of distance.

[0086] If SOC c SOC T Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the driving range of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. If the total mileage is too high, even with refueling, a state of ignition (SOC) may still occur. c SOC T Situation:

[0087] (SOC c -SOC T )·S a >S T -S C

[0088] If the comparison result is correct, then no hydrogenation was performed, and there is no need to calculate the hydrogenation timing.

[0089] If the comparison result is incorrect, then hydrogenation has been performed, and the timing of hydrogenation needs to be calculated using the same method as above.

[0090] The cost of external hydrogen sources, as described in S3, includes:

[0091] The external hydrogen source mainly comes from large chlor-alkali enterprises and wind power projects around the target highway. Hydrogen is supplied to highway hydrogen refueling stations through hydrogen produced as a byproduct of the chlor-alkali industry and hydrogen produced from wind power waste. Considering the different costs of hydrogen production from chlor-alkali plants and wind power waste, as well as the economic benefits and technological maturity of various transportation methods, all transportation methods in this invention use long-tube trailers to transport high-pressure hydrogen. The following are the costs of the external hydrogen source:

[0092] C W =C W,F +C W,L +C W,Y

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] Where N is the number of hydrogen refueling stations; T Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, C W,F D represents the annual cost of purchasing hydrogen from wind power-generated hydrogen plants for hydrogen refueling stations. F Q represents the unit price of hydrogen purchased by the hydrogen refueling station from the wind farm (including the plant's hydrogen production costs, carbon dioxide treatment fees, carbon tax, and profit). i C represents the annual hydrogen demand of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. W,L D represents the annual cost of purchasing hydrogen from the chlor-alkali hydrogen production plant for the hydrogen refueling station. L The unit price of hydrogen purchased by the hydrogen refueling station from the chlor-alkali plant;

[0097] C W,Y For the annual cost of transporting hydrogen, Y q For the unit power consumption of hydrogen pressure, G q For electricity price, H Y Fuel consumption per unit distance, L i The distance Y is one year's journey to the i-th hydrogen refueling station. J G represents the price of fuel, and G represents fixed transportation costs (vehicle purchase, insurance, maintenance, labor, etc.).

[0098] The on-site hydrogen production cost, as described in S3, includes:

[0099] The choice of hydrogen production method is crucial for the construction of integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations. Although my country currently relies mainly on coal for hydrogen production, despite its lower price, it has a large carbon emission. Considering the future development requirements of clean energy and the economic benefits of various hydrogen production methods, this invention chooses natural gas for hydrogen production.

[0100]

[0101] Where N is the number of hydrogen refueling stations; T Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, T i,gas The unit price of natural gas transported to the i-th hydrogen refueling station, M i,gas The annual natural gas consumption of the i-th hydrogen refueling station, D i,H The annual electricity consumption for hydrogen production at the i-th hydrogen refueling station is G. q For electricity price, G d Fixed losses in the hydrogen production process, TZ i Investment price of hydrogen production equipment for the i-th hydrogen refueling station.

[0102] Based on the consideration of different hydrogen source acquisition methods described in S4, construct an objective function for maximizing the economic benefits of hydrogen refueling stations and corresponding constraints, including:

[0103] (1) Economic benefit objective function of hydrogen refueling stations constructed from external hydrogen sources:

[0104] min C = C W +C J1 +C Y1 -Y L

[0105] C W =C W,F +C W,L +C W,Y (Point 4 has already been explained)

[0106]

[0107] C Y1 =γ·C J1

[0108]

[0109] Among them, C W Cost of external hydrogen sources; C J1 Let T be the construction cost of the hydrogen refueling station, τ be the discount rate, and T be the cost of the hydrogen refueling station. Y1 Years of operation, C b1 K invests in fixed costs for hydrogen refueling station equipment. i,b Let TD be the scale coefficient of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. i,1 C represents the land cost for the i-th hydrogen refueling station; Y1 The operating cost of a hydrogen refueling station includes routine equipment maintenance costs and labor expenses. Operating costs are directly proportional to the scale of construction, where γ is a set proportionality coefficient; Y L For the revenue of hydrogen refueling stations, J m S is the price per unit of hydrogen. a,T S represents the final driving range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. a,CSQ represents the initial mileage of fuel cell vehicle a. d Hydrogen consumption per unit distance.

[0110] Constraints:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, CN j Let j be the total annual production capacity of the hydrogen sources.

[0113] (4) Economic benefit objective function of hydrogen refueling stations constructed based on on-site hydrogen production:

[0114] min C = C Z +C J2 +C Y2 -Y L

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] C Y2 =γ·C J2

[0118]

[0119] Among them, considering that the land area and investment cost required for on-site hydrogen production would be larger, all corresponding coefficients have been adjusted, and all parameters with subscripts changed to 2 have been replaced with the standard for on-site hydrogen production, while the rest of the meanings remain unchanged.

[0120] Constraints:

[0121]

[0122] Among them, Z i This represents the station's total annual hydrogen production.

[0123] The particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved weights as described in S5 includes:

[0124] The general formulas for velocity and position updates in particle swarm optimization are:

[0125] v i,j (t+1)=ωv i,j (t)+c1rand1(pbest i,j -x i,j (t))+c2rand2(gbest i,j -x i,j (t))x i,j (t+1)=x i,j (t)+v i,j (t+1)

[0126] Where ω∈[0,1] is the inertia weight; c1 and c2∈[0,2] are the individual learning factor and social learning factor, respectively; rand1 and rand2∈[0,1] are two random numbers following a uniform distribution; pbest i,j For the individual's optimal; gbest i,j It is the global optimal solution.

[0127] The calculation method for inertia weight is as follows:

[0128]

[0129] Where, ω start ω end These are the initial value and the end value of the inertia weight, respectively. t is the set number of iterations, and t0 is the current number of iterations.

[0130] The improved inertia weight is:

[0131]

[0132] Where rand3∈[0,1] is a random number that follows a uniform distribution, and the definitions of other parameters remain unchanged.

[0133] The improved inertia weight can be adjusted according to the number of iterations. In the early stages of iteration, ω decreases slowly, allowing the particle to search fully in the global scope and avoid easily getting trapped in local optima. In the later stages of iteration, the rate of ω decreases faster, maintaining local search capability.

[0134] This invention provides a method for the layout of hydrogen refueling stations along highways, considering different hydrogen sources. Based on the specific structure of highways, a one-dimensional road model is constructed. A hydrogen refueling demand characteristic model for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is established based on travel data. Considering the high initial investment costs of hydrogen refueling stations in my country and the higher cost of hydrogen production compared to other energy sources, the invention compares two methods of hydrogen acquisition: hydrogen production at external factories and direct purchase by the refueling station, and hydrogen production within the refueling station itself. The overall economic benefits of the refueling station are studied, and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved inertia weights is employed to prevent the results from getting trapped in local optima and to obtain the globally optimal solution, thus obtaining the optimal layout scheme. This provides a reference for future hydrogen refueling station construction and promotes the use of hydrogen energy.

[0135] Example 2

[0136] Secondly, this embodiment provides a layout device for highway hydrogen refueling stations that takes into account different hydrogen sources, including a processor and a storage medium;

[0137] The storage medium is used to store instructions;

[0138] The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to Embodiment 1.

[0139] Example 3

[0140] Thirdly, this embodiment provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0142] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0143] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0144] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0145] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources, characterized in that, include: S1. Based on the highway structure, construct a one-dimensional road traffic flow model for the highway; S2. Based on historical hydrogen fuel cell vehicle travel data, develop a hydrogen refueling demand characteristic model for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, including: obtaining the state of charge (SOC) of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles at the moment of travel based on the travel data. c and mileage S C The final state of charge (SOC) at the moment of shutdown T and mileage S T By comparing the battery capacity in two tests: if the SOC... c <SOC T Therefore, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle must have undergone energy replenishment, and the refueling time T is... Q for: Among them, S a Mileage per unit; If SOC c SOC T Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the driving range of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. If the total mileage is too high, even with refueling, a state of ignition (SOC) may still occur. C SOC T Situation: (SOC C -SOC T )·S a >S T -S C If the above formula is satisfied, then no hydrogenation was performed, and there is no need to calculate the hydrogenation time; if the above formula is not satisfied, then hydrogenation was performed, and the hydrogenation time T needs to be calculated. Q ; S3. Based on the actual cost data of raw materials and transportation, establish a cost calculation model for external hydrogen sources and a cost calculation model for hydrogen production within the station; S4. Based on the one-dimensional road traffic flow model of the highway, the hydrogen demand characteristic model of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the cost calculation model of external hydrogen sources and the cost calculation model of hydrogen production at the station, and considering different constraints, a hydrogen refueling station layout optimization target model is constructed according to different hydrogen source acquisition methods, with the objective function of maximizing the economic benefits of hydrogen refueling stations. S5. The target model is solved using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved weights to obtain the optimal hydrogen source method and corresponding layout scheme for highway hydrogen refueling stations. In step S3, the cost calculation model for external hydrogen sources includes: C W =C W,F +C W,L +C W,T Among them, C W The cost of external hydrogen sources is represented by N, and the number of hydrogen refueling stations is represented by T. Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, C W,F D represents the annual cost of purchasing hydrogen from wind power-generated hydrogen plants for hydrogen refueling stations. F Q represents the unit price of hydrogen purchased by a hydrogen refueling station from a wind farm. i C represents the annual hydrogen demand of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. W,L D represents the annual cost of purchasing hydrogen from the chlor-alkali hydrogen production plant for the hydrogen refueling station. L C represents the unit price of hydrogen purchased by the hydrogen refueling station from the chlor-alkali plant. W,Y For the annual cost of transporting hydrogen, Y q For the unit power consumption of hydrogen pressure, G q For electricity price, H Y Fuel consumption per unit distance, L i The distance Y is one year's journey to the i-th hydrogen refueling station. J G represents the price of oil, and G represents fixed transportation costs. The on-site hydrogen production cost calculation model includes: Among them, C z T represents the cost of hydrogen production at the station, N represents the number of hydrogen refueling stations; Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, T i,gas The unit price of natural gas transported to the i-th hydrogen refueling station, M i,gas The annual natural gas consumption of the i-th hydrogen refueling station, D i,H The annual electricity consumption for hydrogen production at the i-th hydrogen refueling station is G. q For electricity price, G d Fixed losses in the hydrogen production process, TZ i Investment price of hydrogen production equipment for the i-th hydrogen refueling station; Step S4 includes: (1) Economic benefit objective function of hydrogen refueling stations constructed from external hydrogen sources: my C=C W +C J1 +C Y1 -Y L C Y1 =γ·C J1 Among them, C W Cost of external hydrogen sources; C J1 Let N be the construction cost of a hydrogen refueling station, τ be the number of hydrogen refueling stations, and T be the discount rate. Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, C b1 K invests in fixed costs for hydrogen refueling station equipment. i,b Let TD be the scale coefficient of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. i,1 C represents the land cost for the i-th hydrogen refueling station; Y1 The operating cost of a hydrogen refueling station is directly proportional to the scale of construction, where γ is a set proportionality coefficient; Y L For the revenue of hydrogen refueling stations, J m S is the price per unit of hydrogen. a,T S represents the final driving range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. a,c SQ represents the initial range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. d Hydrogen consumption per unit distance; Constraints: Among them, Q i CN represents the annual hydrogen demand of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. j Let j be the total annual production capacity of the hydrogen sources; (2) Economic benefit objective function of hydrogen refueling stations constructed based on on-site hydrogen production: my C=C Z +C J2 +C Y2 -Y L C Y2 =γ·C J2 Among these adjustments, considering that on-site hydrogen production would require a larger land area and incurr greater investment costs, all corresponding coefficients have been adjusted. Z Cost of hydrogen production at the station; C J2 Let N be the construction cost of a hydrogen refueling station, τ be the number of hydrogen refueling stations, and T be the discount rate. Y For the operating life of hydrogen refueling stations, C b2 K invests in fixed costs for hydrogen refueling station equipment. i,b Let TD be the scale coefficient of the i-th hydrogen refueling station. i,2 C represents the land cost for the i-th hydrogen refueling station; Y2 The operating cost of a hydrogen refueling station is directly proportional to the scale of construction, where γ is a set proportionality coefficient; Y L For the revenue of hydrogen refueling stations, J m S is the price per unit of hydrogen. a,T S represents the final driving range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. a,C SQ represents the initial range of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. d Hydrogen consumption per unit distance; Constraints: Among them, Q i Z represents the annual hydrogen demand of the i-th hydrogen refueling station; i This represents the station's total annual hydrogen production.

2. The method for layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1: Based on the highway structure, construct a one-dimensional highway traffic flow model, including: Using the starting point of the highway as the origin and the actual length of the target highway section as the horizontal coordinate axis, and considering the location of the hydrogen refueling station as a point on this horizontal coordinate axis, the highway traffic flow is calculated as follows: Where, q c Let λ be the traffic flow rate, λ be the number of highway lanes, k be the traffic density, and v be the traffic flow rate. f k represents the speed of a vehicle when the highway is open to traffic. j This refers to the traffic density when there is congestion on the highway.

3. The method for layout of highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 includes: The general formulas for velocity and position updates in particle swarm optimization are: v i,j (t+1)=ωv i,j (t)+c1rand1(pbest i,j -x i,j (t))+c2rand2(gbest i,j -x i,j (t)) x i,j (t+1)=x i,j (t)+v i,j (t+1) Among them, v i,j (t), x i,j (t) represents the velocity and position at time t; ω∈[0,1] represents the inertia weight; c1 and c2∈[0,2] represent the individual learning factor and the social learning factor, respectively; reand1 and rand2∈[0,1] are two random numbers following a uniform distribution; pbest i,j For the individual best; gbest i,j It is the global optimum; The improved inertial weight ω(t0) is: Where, ω start ω end These are the initial and final values ​​of the inertia weight, respectively; t is the set number of iterations; t0 is the current number of iterations; rand3∈[0,1] is a random number that follows a uniform distribution. The improved inertia weight can adjust the inertia weight according to the number of iterations. In the early stage of the iteration, ω decreases slowly, allowing the particle to search fully in the global scope and avoid easily getting trapped in local optima. In the later stage of the iteration, the rate of ω decreases faster, maintaining the local search capability.

4. A layout device for highway hydrogen refueling stations considering different hydrogen sources, characterized in that, Including processor and storage media; The storage medium is used to store instructions; The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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