Features for protecting fastener clamp loads on metal seals

Abstract

The invention relates to a feature for protecting fastener clamp loads on metal seals. A block fitting assembly includes a first block, a second block, and a first sealing element disposed between the first block and the second block. A clamping device applies a clamping force for compressing the first sealing element between the first block and the second block in an axial direction of the block fitting assembly. A first heel structure axially protrudes from one of the first block or the second block and protrudes toward the other of the first block or the second block. The first heel structure is configured to space apart or contact the other of the first block or the second block as a function of a temperature of the first block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a block fitting assembly for a vehicle air conditioning system, and more particularly to a block fitting assembly for an expansion valve, the block fitting assembly being configured to maintain a desired clamping force over the entire operating temperature range corresponding to different degrees of thermal expansion of the block fitting assembly. Background Technology

[0002] Air conditioning systems used in motor vehicles utilize a refrigerant that circulates through a corresponding refrigerant circuit comprising components such as an evaporator, expansion valve, condenser, and compressor. This refrigerant circuit typically employs a block-mount assembly to create a fluid-tight seal at each location within the associated refrigerant circuit, wherein the refrigerant fluidly communicates from one component of the refrigerant circuit to another. The block-mount assembly typically includes at least a first block configured to mate with a second block, wherein the first block can be considered a convex block and the second block can be considered a concave block. Both the first and second blocks typically include aligned holes for receiving threaded fasteners, such as studs or bolts passing through the holes, wherein the threaded fasteners are configured to engage the first block to the second block while also supplying sufficient clamping force to a sealing element of the block-mount assembly disposed between the sealing portions of the first and second blocks. In many cases, the first or second block may be incorporated into a part of the component or assembly to which the fluid pipeline is connected, or the first or second block may form part of the component or assembly to which the fluid pipeline is connected, wherein the other of the first or second block may be associated with an end portion of the fluid pipeline.

[0003] The block components of such block fitting assemblies are typically formed from materials different from those used in the threaded fasteners that form the corresponding block fitting assembly. For example, the block components are typically made of aluminum and aluminum alloys, while the threaded fasteners are typically made of steel. Using different materials in forming the block components and the associated fasteners can cause different parts of the block fitting assembly to experience varying degrees of thermal expansion during operative use of the components associated with the block fitting assembly, which in some cases may negatively affect the sealing capability of the corresponding block fitting assembly.

[0004] For example, in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The document discloses a representative case in which the different thermal expansions of block components and associated fasteners can reduce the sealing capability of the corresponding block assembly. Figure 1 and Figure 2An exemplary dual-port electronic expansion valve assembly 1 is illustrated. The expansion valve assembly 1 includes a first block 3 representing a housing of an electronic expansion valve, wherein the first block 3 defines each of a first channel 4 and a second channel 5 passing through the first block 3. As schematically shown, each of the channels 4 and 5 may include a corresponding expansion element 6 for selectively altering the cross-section passing through each of the respective channels 4 and 5.

[0005] The first block 3 is configured to mate with each of the second block 12 and the third block 13 at opposite axial ends to form an assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13. Each of the externally disposed blocks 12 and 13 may be associated with a corresponding fluid line fluidly connecting the channels 4 and 5 of the first block 3 to a refrigerant circuit. Blocks 3, 12, and 13 include aligned fastener holes 8 extending axially through them, wherein the aligned fastener holes 8 are configured to receive threaded fasteners 9 passing through them. The first block 3 may be formed of a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion, and the threaded fastener 9 may be formed of a second material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein the first coefficient of thermal expansion is greater than the second coefficient of thermal expansion. A pair of first sealing elements 15 are disposed between the first block 3 and the second block 12, and a pair of second sealing elements 16 are disposed between the first block 3 and the third block 13. At least a portion of each of the sealing elements 15 and 16 is formed of a soft metal material configured to deform in a compressible manner when a fluid tight seal is formed at each of the sealing elements 15 and 16.

[0006] The threaded fastener 9 includes a head 17 configured to engage with a second block 12 and a nut 18 configured to engage with a third block 13. Due to the axial application of a clamping force to the assembly of blocks 3, 12, 13, rotation and tightening of the nut 18 causes the second block 12 to be pulled toward the third block 13. The increase in clamping force gradually causes compression of a first sealing element 15 between the first block 3 and the second block 12, and compression of a second sealing element 16 between the first block 3 and the third block 13. Compression of the sealing elements 15, 16 may include plastically deforming the soft metal portion of each of the sealing elements 15, 16 to a desired degree associated with the desired clamping force applied to the assembly of blocks 3, 12, 13.

[0007] Figure 1The illustration shows the expansion valve assembly 1 operating at a relatively low temperature, such as around 25°C—significantly below the expected maximum operating temperature of over 150°C for the expansion valve assembly 1. Fastener 9 is shown applying a desired clamping force to the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13 to compress and deform the sealing elements 15 and 16 to a desired degree to form a fluid-tight seal at each corresponding joint. Figure 1 As shown, the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13 may include a combined length L when subjected to a desired clamping force from fastener 9 and operating at a relatively low temperature. As the temperature of the expansion valve assembly 1 increases during its operation, blocks 3, 12, 13 and fastener 9 undergo corresponding thermal expansion. The formation of at least the first block 3 from the first material results in the first block 3 experiencing a disproportionate degree of thermal expansion along its axial direction when subjected to the same temperature increase compared to a fastener 9 of the same length.

[0008] The axial expansion of the first block 3 relative to the fastener 9 causes the externally disposed blocks 12 and 13 to support the inward-facing surfaces of the head 17 and nut 18, respectively. When the first block 3 is heated toward its maximum expected operating temperature, the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13 attempts to expand axially to a length L + ΔL, representing the total length of the assembly if the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13 did not support the opposing surfaces of the head 17 and nut 18 of the fastener 9; the total length of the assembly would then be expected. Therefore, the length ΔL correspondingly represents the expected unconstrained increase in the assembly length due to the thermal expansion of the first block 3. Figure 1 The details are exaggerated to better illustrate the concepts described in this article.

[0009] Initially, due to the localized nature of the clamping force applied between the head 17 and the nut 18, the increase in thermal expansion experienced by the first block 3 can be accommodated and function through the deflection of the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13. However, as the expansion valve assembly 1 heats towards its maximum desired operating temperature, the difference in thermal expansion between the block 3 and the fastener 9 may become large enough that the increased clamping force applied by the fastener 9 functions through further compression of the sealing elements 15 and 16 between the respective blocks 3, 12, and 13. That is, the way the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13 attempts to increase its length ΔL in the axial length against the support of the head 17 and the nut 18 causes compressive deformation of the soft metal portion of each of the sealing elements 15 and 16. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates this additional compression and deformation of sealing elements 15 and 16, with... Figure 1 compared to, Figure 2Further deformation of each of the sealing elements 15 and 16 in the axial direction is shown.

[0010] This increased axial deformation of each of the sealing elements 15 and 16 may result in the following situation: where, in the expansion valve assembly 1 and the first block 3, the return to the... Figure 1 The sealing effect of each of the sealing elements 15 and 16 decreases when the associated relatively low temperature value—corresponding to the attempt of the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13 to return to its initial length L—is reduced. Specifically, the reduction in the axial dimension of each of the sealing elements 15 and 16 can reduce the axial clearance between each of adjacent blocks 3, 12, and 13, which may result in a reduction in the overall length of the assembly of blocks 3, 12, and 13. This reduction in overall length may cause the clamping force applied by the fastener 9 to no longer be large enough to maintain the desired sealing force at each of the sealing elements 15 and 16, thereby creating a risk of refrigerant leakage through the sealing elements. In addition, undesirable additional compressive deformation of the sealing elements 15 and 16 may also provide a failure mechanism for the sealing elements 15 and 16, which may also lead to the possibility of leakage from the assembly.

[0011] Therefore, there is a continued need for a block fitting assembly configured to prevent over-compression of the sealing elements of the block fitting assembly while maintaining the desired clamping force in response to thermal load cycles. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Consistent and in harmony with this disclosure, a block fitting assembly has been unexpectedly discovered that is configured to prevent the sealing elements of the block fitting assembly from being overcompressed while maintaining the desired clamping force in response to thermal load cycles.

[0013] In one embodiment of the invention, a first block member for use in a block assembly is disclosed. The block assembly includes a first sealing element, a second block member, and a clamping device configured to apply a clamping force compressing the first sealing element between the first and second block members. The first block member includes a first heel structure that projectes axially from a surface of the first block member facing the second block member. The first heel structure is configured to be spaced apart from or in contact with the second block member based on the temperature of at least one of the first or second block member when the clamping device applies the clamping force compressing the first sealing element between the first and second block members.

[0014] In another embodiment of the invention, the block assembly includes a first block, a second block, and a first sealing element disposed between the first and second blocks. A clamping device applies a clamping force to compress the first sealing element between the first and second blocks in the axial direction of the block assembly. A first heel structure protrudes axially from one of the first or second blocks and toward the other. The first heel structure is configured to be spaced apart from or in contact with the other block depending on the temperature of the first block. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The above and other advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments considered with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional front view of an exemplary block assembly for use with an expansion valve assembly, illustrating the block assembly before heating toward the maximum expected operating temperature.

[0017] Figure 2 This is after the temperature has been heated to the maximum expected operating temperature. Figure 1 A cross-sectional front view of an exemplary block assembly component;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional front view of a block assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the block assembly is applied to an exemplary two-port electronic expansion valve;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified cross-sectional view of the portion defined by circle 4, and Figure 4 The illustration shows a heel structure that protrudes axially from the first block of the block assembly when the first block is at a temperature below a threshold temperature.

[0020] Figure 5 This indicates that when the first block is at a temperature above the threshold temperature value... Figure 4 A magnified cross-sectional view of the root structure;

[0021] Figure 6 It is shown separately Figure 3 A top plan view of the first block of the block assembly, wherein the first block includes a heel structure surrounding fastener holes of the first block;

[0022] Figure 7This is a top plan view of a first block of a block assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the first block includes a heel structure biased toward one side of the fastener hole of the first block;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a top plan view of a first block of a block assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the first block includes a heel structure that is completely disposed on one side of a fastener hole in the first block;

[0024] Figure 9 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a heel structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the heel structure is formed independently and connected to the first block member;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a heel structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the heel structure protrudes from the second block of the block assembly;

[0026] Figure 11 It is shown separately Figure 3 A bottom plan view of the second block of the block assembly, wherein the second block includes a heel structure: a portion of the periphery of the heel structure is arranged along an arc concentric with the channel formed through the second block;

[0027] Figure 12 This is a bottom plan view of a second block of a block assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the second block includes a heel structure having an arcuate portion biased toward one side of a fastener hole in the second block; and

[0028] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional front view of a block assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following technical description of the subject matter, manufacture, and use of one or more inventions is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope, application, or use of any particular invention claimed in this application or in other applications that may claim priority to this application or to a patent filed under this application. Regarding the disclosed methods, the order of the presented steps is essentially exemplary, and therefore the order of steps may differ in various embodiments. As used herein, “a” and “an” mean the presence of “at least one” item; where possible, multiple such items may be present. Unless otherwise expressly stated, all numerical values ​​in this specification should be understood to be modified by the word “about” when describing the broadest scope of the technology, and all geometric and spatial descriptive terms should be understood to be modified by the word “substantially.” When applied to numerical values, “about” means that the calculation or measurement allows for a slight inaccuracy in the value (approximately to the exact value; about or reasonably close to the value; approximate). If, for some reason, the imprecision provided by “about” and / or “substantially” is not to be understood in its ordinary meaning in the art, then “about” and / or “substantially” as used herein at least indicate variations that may arise by ordinary methods of measuring or using these parameters.

[0030] Unless otherwise expressly indicated, all references cited in this detailed description, including patents, patent applications, and scientific literature, are incorporated herein by reference. In the event of any conflict or ambiguity between the incorporated references and this detailed description, this detailed description shall prevail.

[0031] Although the open-ended term "comprising" is used herein as a non-limiting term, such as including, containing, or having, to describe and claim embodiments of the present technology, alternatively, more restrictive terms such as "consisting of" or "substantially consisting of" may be used to describe embodiments. Therefore, for any given embodiment describing materials, components, or process steps, the present technology also specifically includes embodiments constituting or substantially constituting such materials, components, or process steps, excluding additional materials, components, or processes (for those constituting such materials, components, or process steps), and excluding additional materials, components, or processes (for those substantially constituting such materials, components, or process steps) that affect the essential performance of the embodiment, even if such additional materials, components, or process steps are not explicitly described herein. For example, a description of the components or processes of elements A, B, and C specifically contemplates embodiments constituting A, B, and C and embodiments substantially constituting A, B, and C without excluding element D, which may be described in the art, even if element D is not explicitly described herein as excluded.

[0032] As mentioned herein, unless otherwise specified, the disclosure of a range includes endpoints and encompasses all distinct values ​​and further subdivisions throughout the range. Thus, a range such as “from A to B” or “from about A to about B” includes both A and B. The disclosure of values ​​and ranges for a particular parameter (e.g., quantity, weight percentage, etc.) does not exclude other values ​​and ranges of values ​​available herein. It is contemplated that two or more specific exemplary values ​​for a given parameter may define the endpoints of a range of values ​​that may be claimed for the parameter. For example, if parameter X is exemplified herein as having a value A and also exemplified as having a value Z, it is contemplated that parameter X may have a range of values ​​from about A to about Z. Similarly, it is contemplated that the disclosure of ranges for two or more values ​​of a parameter (whether nested, overlapping, or distinct) includes all possible combinations of ranges of values ​​that may be claimed using the endpoints of the disclosed range. For example, if the parameter X is exemplified in this document as having a value in the range of 1 to 10, 2 to 9, or 3 to 8, it is also conceivable that the parameter X could have values ​​in other ranges, including 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 3, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, etc.

[0033] When an element or layer is referred to as "on another element or layer," "joined to," "connected to," or "attached to" another element or layer, the element or layer may be directly on, directly joined to, directly connected to, or directly attached to the other element or layer, or there may be intermediate elements or layers present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on another element or layer," "directly joined to," "directly connected to," or "directly attached to" another element or layer, there may be no intermediate elements or layers present. Other terms used to describe relationships between elements (e.g., "between" and "directly between," "adjacent" and "directly adjacent," etc.) should be interpreted in a similar manner. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all combinations thereof.

[0034] Although the terms first, second, and third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another region, layer, or segment. Unless explicitly indicated in the context, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms herein does not imply any order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0035] Figures 3 to 6 An expansion valve assembly 20 with features for preventing excessive clamping load on fasteners, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is illustrated. The disclosed expansion valve assembly 20 is merely one exemplary implementation of the disclosed technology, and generally relates to block assembly components subjected to varying degrees of thermal expansion. Further reference is made... Figure 13 It should be noted that the overall concept of the present invention can be adapted to a number of different block assembly configurations while remaining within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed expansion valve assembly 20 structure should be considered non-limiting in terms of achieving the protective features.

[0036] The illustrated expansion valve assembly 20 can represent a two-port electronic expansion valve assembly configured to selectively change the temperature and / or pressure of two different fluid flows passing through the assembly. Figure 3 As schematically illustrated, an expansion valve assembly 20 may include one or more expansion elements 25 configured to be adjustable in terms of cross-sectional flow area to selectively restrict the flow of fluid through these expansion elements and then expand the flow of fluid through these expansion elements to selectively regulate the temperature and / or pressure of the fluid. Each expansion element 25 may be enabled electronically to allow precise control of the cross-sectional flow area through each expansion element. However, it should be apparent that the disclosed configuration of the expansion valve assembly 20 may be adapted to alternative applications relating to the flow of one or more fluids through such an assembly. For example, the overall configuration of the expansion valve assembly 20 may be adapted for use in other components for changing the temperature and / or pressure of the fluid passing through the expansion valve assembly 20. In such an example, each expansion element 25 illustrated may represent a structure used for such changes in temperature and / or pressure as needed, such as a heat exchange structure or a fluid guiding structure.

[0037] The expansion valve assembly 20 includes a first block 21, a second block 22, and a third block 23. Hereinafter, the expansion valve assembly 20 may be alternatively referred to as the block assembly 20. The first block 21 may represent the housing of an expansion valve having each of the expansion elements 25, while the second block 22 and the third block 23 may represent connections associated with a fluid line 99 that transmits one or more fluids to or from the expansion element 25.

[0038] A first block 21 extends axially from a first axial end surface 31 to an opposite second axial end surface 32. The first axial end surface 31 includes a planar portion 33 arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the first block 21. The first axial end surface 31 also includes a first sealing portion 35 and a second sealing portion 36, each of which is configured as a recessed portion of the first axial end surface 31 relative to the surrounding planar portion 33. Similarly, the second axial end surface 32 includes: a planar portion 34 arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the first block 21; a first sealing portion 45 formed as a recessed portion of the second axial end surface 32 relative to the surrounding planar portion 34; and a second sealing portion 46 formed as a recessed portion of the second axial end surface 32 relative to the surrounding planar portion 34.

[0039] The first channel 27 and the second channel 28 extend axially from the first axial end surface 31 through the first block 21 to the second axial end surface 32. The first end of the first channel 27 is surrounded by a first sealing portion 35 of the first axial end surface 31, and the opposite second end of the first channel 27 is surrounded by a first sealing portion 45 of the second axial end surface 32. As described above, the first channel 27 and / or the second channel 28 may, as needed, include one of the expansion elements 25 disposed in the first channel 27 and / or the second channel 28. The fastener hole 29 also extends from the first axial end surface 31 of the first block 21 through the first block 21 to the second axial end surface 32 of the first block 21 at a position midway between the first channel 27 and the second channel 28.

[0040] exist Figure 3 In the illustration, the first channel 27 and the second channel 28 are shown extending linearly through the first block 21 between their respective first and second ends. However, channels 27 and 28 may alternatively include any number of offsets or changes of orientation, as desired functions related to the fluid flowing through channels 27 and 28 must be performed. For example, the first and second ends of one or both of channels 27 and 28 may be laterally offset from each other relative to a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the first block 21. Channels 27 and 28 are also shown to include the same inner diameter, but the inner diameters of channels 27 and 28 may differ from each other while remaining within the scope of the invention.

[0041] The second block 22 extends axially from the first axial end surface 51 to the opposite second axial end surface 52. The first axial end surface 51 includes a planar portion 53, and the second axial end surface 52 includes a planar portion 54, each of which is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the second block 22. The second axial end surface 52 also includes a first sealing portion 55 and a second sealing portion 56, each of which is configured as a protrusion of the second axial end surface 52 relative to the surrounding planar portion 54. The first sealing portion 55 of the second block 22 is configured for axial reception within a first sealing portion 35 of the first axial end surface 31 of the first block 21, and the second sealing portion 56 of the second block 22 is configured for axial reception within a second sealing portion 36 of the first axial end surface 31 of the first block 21.

[0042] Although sealing portions 35 and 36 are described as recessed portions and sealing portions 55 and 56 as protruding portions, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the configurations of sealing portions 35, 36, 55, and 56 can be interchanged or otherwise modified while remaining within the scope of the invention. In other words, as described herein, the choice of which of sealing portions 35, 36, 55, and 56 forms the convex or concave component of the corresponding engagement will not affect the operation of the invention.

[0043] The second block 22 also includes a first channel 57 and a second channel 58 extending from the first axial end surface 51 through the second block 22 to the second axial end surface 52. The first end of the first channel 57 can be configured for connection to one of the external fluid lines 99, while the second end of the first channel 57 is surrounded by a first sealing portion 55. Similarly, the first end of the second channel 58 can be configured for connection to another fluid line in the external fluid line 99, while the second end of the second channel 58 is surrounded by a second sealing portion 56. A fastener hole 59 also extends from the first axial end surface 51 through the second block 22 to the second axial end surface 52 of the second block 22 at a location midway between the first channel 57 and the second channel 58.

[0044] The third block 23 extends axially from the first axial end surface 71 to the opposite second axial end surface 72. The first axial end surface 71 includes a planar portion 73, and the second axial end surface 72 includes a planar portion 74, each of which is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the third block 23. The first axial end surface 71 also includes a first sealing portion 75 and a second sealing portion 76, each of which is configured as a protrusion of the first axial end surface 71 relative to the surrounding planar portion 73. The first sealing portion 75 of the third block 23 is configured for axial reception within a first sealing portion 45 of the second axial end surface 32 of the first block 21, and the second sealing portion 76 of the third block 23 is configured for axial reception within a second sealing portion 46 of the second axial end surface 32 of the first block 21.

[0045] Although sealing portions 45 and 46 are described as recessed portions and sealing portions 75 and 76 as protruding portions, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the configurations of sealing portions 45, 46, 75, and 76 can be interchanged or otherwise modified while remaining within the scope of the invention. In other words, as described herein, the choice of which of sealing portions 45, 46, 75, and 76 forms the convex or concave component of the corresponding engagement will not affect the operation of the invention.

[0046] The third block 23 also includes a first channel 77 and a second channel 78 extending from the first axial end surface 71 through the third block 23 to the second axial end surface 72. The first end of the first channel 77 is surrounded by a first sealing portion 75, while the second end of the first channel 77 can be configured for connection to one of the fluid lines in the external fluid line 99. Similarly, the first end of the second channel 78 is surrounded by a second sealing portion 76, while the second end of the second channel 78 can be configured for connection to another fluid line in the external fluid line 99. A fastener hole 79 also extends from the first axial end surface 71 of the second block 23 through the second block 23 to the second axial end surface 72 of the second block 23 at a location midway between the first channel 77 and the second channel 78. The fastener holes 29 of the first block 21, 59 of the second block 22, and 79 of the third block 23 can all be axially aligned and concentrically arranged relative to each other.

[0047] The block assembly 20 also includes a plurality of sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84. Sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 may include: a first sealing element 81 configured for compression between a first sealing portion 35 of a first axial end surface 31 of a first block 21 and a first sealing portion 55 of a second block 22; a second sealing element 82 configured for compression between a second sealing portion 36 of the first axial end surface 31 of the first block 21 and a second sealing portion 56 of the second block 22; a third sealing element 83 configured for compression between a first sealing portion 45 of the second axial end surface 32 of the first block 21 and a first sealing portion 75 of the third block 23; and a fourth sealing element 84 configured for compression between a second sealing portion 46 of the second axial end surface 32 of the first block 21 and a second sealing portion 76 of the third block 23. As a non-limiting example, at least a portion of each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 may be formed of a relatively soft and compressible metallic material, such as aluminum, copper, or copper alloys or aluminum alloys. For example, each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 may include an annular metal portion and an annular elastomer portion attached to the metal portion, wherein the metal portion is formed of a compressible metallic material configured to plastically deform upon compression of the corresponding sealing element 81, 82, 83, and 84. In other embodiments, the entirety of one or more of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 may be formed of a compressible material as needed.

[0048] The block assembly 20 also includes a fastener 90 serving as a clamping device for applying an axial clamping force to the assembly formed by the blocks 21, 22, 23 and the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, 84. This axial clamping force is configured to compress each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, 84 to a desired degree, which may include at least a portion of each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, 84 for plastic deformation to achieve a desired sealing configuration.

[0049] The fastener 90 includes an axially extending shaft 92 having a head 93 formed at a first end of the shaft 92 and a first threaded portion 95 formed on an outer surface of the shaft 92 adjacent to a second end of the shaft 92. The head 93 has an outwardly flanged flange and is configured to contact a first axial end surface 51 of a second block 22. The first threaded portion 95 is configured to engage a corresponding threaded portion 98 formed on the inner surface of a nut 97. The nut 97 is configured to be axially adjustable by rotation about the shaft 92, such that the nut 97 is advanced to a position contacting a second axial end surface 72 of a third block 23. The nut 97 can be rotated until a desired clamping force is applied between the head 93 and the nut 97 to the assembly of blocks 21, 22, 23 to form a desired seal at each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, 84. In some embodiments, the fastener 90 further includes a second threaded portion 96 adjacent to the head 93, which is configured to engage, as needed, a corresponding threaded portion of the fastener hole 59 of the second block 22. The orientation of the fastener 90 may remain within the scope of the invention while being opposite to the orientation shown and described. Specifically, the positioning of the head 93 and the nut 97 may be interchanged as needed such that the head 93 engages with the third block 23 and the nut 97 selectively engages with the second block 22.

[0050] The disclosed fastener 90 can be replaced by any form of clamping device that transmits a desired clamping force to opposite ends of the block fitting assembly 20 for compressing the compression sealing elements 81, 82, 83, 84 between the blocks 21, 22, 23, while remaining within the scope of the invention. Such a clamping device may include any two opposing surfaces configured to apply a clamping force to the externally disposed blocks 22, 23, and such a clamping device may preferably include a clamping force applied at the location of the disclosed fastener 90 for distributing the clamping force to each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, 84 formed on the opposite side to which the clamping force is applied. Alternatively, the clamping force may be applied to the assembly at multiple locations, wherein the sum of the distributed clamping forces is applied at the location of the fastener 90.

[0051] The first block 21 is formed of a first material, and the fastener 90 is formed of a second material different from the first material. In some embodiments, the second block 22 and the third block 23 may also be formed of the first material. In other embodiments, the second block 22 and the third block 23 may be formed of the second material or a third material different from the first or second material. The first material has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the second material, indicating that the first material expands more thermally than the second material when subjected to the same increase in temperature. In this example, this indicates that when exposed to the same increase in temperature, the first block 21 is expected to elongate in the axial direction by a greater extent than the corresponding length of the shaft 92 of the fastener 90. As a non-limiting combination, the first material may be aluminum and the second material may be steel. However, any combination of materials having the disclosed relationship may be used while remaining within the scope of the invention.

[0052] exist Figure 3 In the illustration, the block fitting assembly 20 is shown with a configuration that is generally symmetrical with respect to the fastener 90, wherein the channels 27, 57, 77 and sealing elements 81, 83 formed on one side of the fastener 90 are identical to the channels 28, 58, 78 and sealing elements 82, 84 formed on the other side of the fastener 90. However, the illustrated configuration is not limiting, as the dimensions and configurations of any of the channels 27, 28, 57, 58, 77, 78 or sealing elements 81, 82, 83, 84 can differ from each other while remaining within the scope of the invention. For example, in some embodiments, channels 27, 57, 77 may include a different diameter than channels 28, 58, 78. As other examples, sealing elements 81, 82 may include a different axial thickness than sealing elements 83, 84, or sealing elements 81, 82 may be formed of a different material or combination of materials than sealing elements 83, 84. Such variations can be introduced to accommodate differences that may exist between two different fluid flows passing through the block fitting assembly 20. For example, fluid flow can vary in fluid type, pressure, temperature, or chemical reactivity, thus requiring these structural differences to ensure the desired operation of components such as expansion element 25.

[0053] The block assembly 20 also includes a first heel structure 85 projecting axially from a first axial end surface 31 of the first block 21 and a second heel structure 86 projecting axially from a second axial end surface 32 of the first block 21. More specifically, the first heel structure 85 may project axially relative to an adjacent planar portion 33 of the first axial end surface 31, while the second heel structure 86 may project axially relative to an adjacent planar portion 34 of the second axial end surface 32. The first heel structure 85 projects axially toward the second block 22, while the second heel structure 86 projects axially toward the third block 23. The first heel structure 85 is configured to be axially spaced apart from or in contact with the second axial end surface 52 of the second block 22 depending on the temperature of the first block 21. Similarly, the second heel structure 86 is configured to be axially spaced apart from or in contact with the first axial end surface 71 of the third block 23 depending on the temperature of the first block 21. Specifically, the engagement of any of the heel structures 85 and 86 with any of the corresponding block members 22 and 23 depends on the degree of thermal expansion occurring within the first block member 21 relative to its axial direction. An increase in the temperature of the first block member 21 corresponds to an axial elongation of the first block member 21 such that the first heel structure 85 approaches the second block member 22, while the second heel structure 86 approaches the third block member 23. The first heel structure 85 is configured to be axially spaced from the second block member 22 when the first block member 21 is at a temperature below a threshold temperature, and the first heel structure 85 is configured to contact the second block member 22 when the first block member 21 is at or above the threshold temperature. (Comparison) Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shows the first heel structure 85 approaching the second block 22. Similarly, the second heel structure 86 is configured to be axially spaced from the third block 23 when the first block 21 is at a temperature below the threshold temperature, and the second heel structure 86 is configured to contact the third block 23 when the first block 21 is at or above the threshold temperature. The second heel structure 86 approaches the third block 23 in the opposite axial direction in the same manner as shown and described with reference to the first heel structure 85, therefore further description thereof is omitted here.

[0054] The threshold temperature at which the heel structures 85 and 86 initially contact the facing blocks 22 and 23 can be selected to correspond to a temperature at which the thermal expansion of the first block 21 relative to the fastener 90 is expected to compress one or more of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 to an undesirable degree, as described in the background of the invention, wherein the head 93 and nut 97 of the fastener 90 constrain the axial expansion of the assembly of blocks 21, 22, and 23. Before the first block 21 reaches the threshold temperature, the deflection of the structure of blocks 21, 22, and 23 can initially compensate for the increased clamping force without undesirably compressing one or more of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84. After the first block 21 exceeds the threshold temperature, the heel structures 85 and 86 can continue to respond accordingly to the increased clamping force.

[0055] When the block assembly 20 is subjected to the desired clamping force and is at a known temperature, the block assembly 20 can be adjusted by selecting an initial axial clearance between each of the heel structures 85, 86 and each of the facing blocks 22, 23. The thermal expansion of the first block 21, which is expected to occur during operation of the first block 21 relative to the known temperature, can then be determined by the change in temperature of the first block 21 relative to the known temperature, which will create contact between each of the heel structures 85, 86 and each of the facing blocks 22, 23.

[0056] The contact between any of the heel structures 85 and 86 and the facing surfaces of the corresponding blocks 22 and 23 causes the clamping force to be instantaneously redistributed from the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 to at least partially function at the locations where the blocks 21, 22, and 23 contact each other via the corresponding heel structures 85 and 86. Specifically, at the location where the first heel structure 85 contacts the second block 22, at least a portion of the clamping force transmitted from the first block 21 to the second block 22 corresponds to a reduction in a portion of the clamping force transmitted from the first block 21 to the second block 22 via the sealing elements 81 and 82. Similarly, at the location where the second heel structure 86 contacts the third block 23, at least a portion of the clamping force transmitted from the first block 21 to the third block 23 corresponds to a reduction in a portion of the clamping force transmitted from the first block 21 to the third block 23 via the sealing elements 83 and 84.

[0057] The position of each of the heel structures 85 and 86 relative to a plane arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the block fitting assembly 20 also affects how the clamping force is redistributed at each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84. This occurs because the redistribution of axial forces that occurs when the heel structures 85 and 86 contact the facing block members 22 and 23 depends on the balance of bending moments formed within the block fitting assembly 20 due to these axial forces, wherein the distance and position of each axial force from the center where the clamping force is applied will have a different effect on this redistribution.

[0058] As in Figure 6 As best shown, the first block 21 is shown separately, and the first heel structure 85 may be disposed at or adjacent to the periphery of the fastener hole 29 of the first block 21. More specifically, the first heel structure 85 may extend around the periphery of the fastener hole 29 such that the first heel structure 85 is at least partially formed on each of two different sides of the shaft 92 of the fastener 90. The first heel structure 85 may be axially aligned with one or both of the engagement surfaces of the head 93 and the nut 97. The first heel structure 85 may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the shaft 92 such that the reaction force of the first heel structure 85 on the second block 22 is also applied along the center of the shaft 92 corresponding to the axis of the sum of the clamping forces applied by the fastener 90 when the first heel structure 85 contacts the second block 22. This configuration results in a redistribution of clamping force proportional to the distance between each sealing element 81, 82, 83, 84 and the applied clamping force.

[0059] This effect can be used to redistribute the desired clamping force based on the conditions present at each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84. As mentioned above, variations in form and structure may exist at each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84, or within the structure of each of the block members 21, 22, and 23, to facilitate the application of different compressive forces at each of the sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 to achieve the desired seal under known clamping forces. Therefore, it may be necessary to bias the redistribution of clamping forces among the different sealing elements 81, 82, 83, and 84 to achieve the desired effect by changing the size, shape, and area of ​​the contact surfaces of each of the heel structures 85 and 86. For example, with Figure 6 compared to, Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the center of the contact surface area of ​​the first heel structure 85 when positioned to the side of the fastener hole 29 facing the channel 27. Figure 8The diagram illustrates the entire area of ​​the contact surface of the first heel structure 85 located on the side of the fastener hole 29 facing the channel 27. Although not shown, the same bias of the second heel structure 86 can be used for contact with the third block 23.

[0060] exist Figures 3 to 5 In the diagram, the first heel structure 85 and the second heel structure 86 are each shown as protrusions integrally formed with the remainder of the first block member 21. This integral formation of the heel structures 85, 86 with the first block member 21 can be achieved as needed during a joint manufacturing process such as molding, casting, or machining. However, as shown in reference... Figure 9 As shown in the first heel structure 85, one or both of the first heel structure 85 and the second heel structure 86 can alternatively be configured as independently formed structures that are subsequently coupled to the first block 21 or otherwise removably received within a space existing between corresponding pairs of blocks 21, 22, 23. Each of the heel structures 85, 86 can be similar to a gasket received between corresponding pairs of blocks 21, 22, 23. If removably received within such a space, each of the heel structures 85, 86 can be one of a plurality of heel structures that are interchangeably inserted into such a space to adjust the corresponding block fitting assembly 20 to redistribute the clamping force to the desired threshold temperature at which the heel structures 85, 86 are located. Such interchangeability may include different heel structures 85, 86 having different shapes for contacting different regions of the facing pairs of blocks 21, 22, 23, or such interchangeability may include different heel structures 85, 86 having different axial thicknesses for establishing contact at different threshold temperatures.

[0061] Now refer to Figure 10 The first heel structure 85 can alternatively be configured as a protrusion extending axially from the second block 22 in the direction toward the first block 21. Although not shown, the second heel structure 86 can alternatively be configured as a protrusion extending axially from the third block 23 in the direction toward the first block 21, wherein the second heel structure 86 can be relative to Figure 10 The first heel structure 85 is depicted and arranged approximately symmetrically. The thermal expansion of the first block 21, depending on its temperature, still results in selective contact between the corresponding heel structures 85, 86 and the first block 21, and the resulting effect is similar to that described above. Figures 3 to 5The same implementation method disclosed herein. The degree to which each of the heel structures 85, 86 protrudes axially from the corresponding axial end surfaces 52, 71, and the initial axial clearance present between the block members 21, 22, 23 at the location of each of the heel structures 85, 86, can again be selected to adjust the block fitting assembly 20 to achieve a redistribution of clamping force at a desired threshold temperature. As referenced throughout. Figures 6 to 8 Any of the different shapes or configurations of the heel structures 85, 86 shown and described in the first block 21 may also be applied when the heel structures 85, 86 are offset relative to one or both of the corresponding fastener holes 59, 79, when they are alternatively protruding from the corresponding second block 22 and third block 23.

[0062] Figure 11 and Figure 12 The illustration shows two additional possible configurations of either heel structure 85 or 86, wherein a representative first heel structure 85 is shown protruding axially from the planar portion 54 of the second axial end surface 52 of the second block 22. However, the illustrated configuration can also be applied to the structure of either heel structure 85 or 86 protruding from the opposite axial end of the first block 21, or the illustrated configuration can be alternatively applied to the second heel structure 86 protruding from the third block 23, as needed.

[0063] exist Figure 11 In the diagram, the first heel structure 85 is shown having a peripheral shape comprising a first portion 87 and a second portion 88. The first portion 87 has an arcuate shape concentrically arranged with the circular shape of the channel 57, and the second portion 88 has an arcuate shape concentrically arranged with the circular shape of the channel 58. The first portion 87 also has an arcuate shape concentrically arranged with the circular shape of the first sealing element 81, and similarly, the second portion 88 has an arcuate shape concentrically arranged with the circular shape of the second sealing element 82. Thus, the first portion 87 has a radius of curvature measured from the center of each of the channel 57 and the first sealing element 81, while the second portion 88 has a radius of curvature measured from the center of each of the channel 58 and the second sealing element 82. The described configuration of portions 87, 88 can be used to better distribute the clamping force to the periphery of each of the sealing elements 81, 82 when the first heel structure 85 responds to a portion of the clamping force, to ensure a desired seal around the periphery of each of the sealing elements 81, 82.

[0064] Figure 12 The diagram illustrates, in addition to the following, the content related to Figure 11Same overall configuration: The radius of curvature of the second part 88 has been reduced to cause most of the contact area of ​​the first heel structure 85 to be offset toward the channel 58, rather than centered relative to the fastener hole 59. Figure 12 Correspondingly, the following concept is demonstrated: either of the portions 87 and 88 having a constant radius of curvature measured from the center of one of the corresponding channels 57 and 58 can have its radius of curvature changed to allow the aforementioned biasing of the clamping force relative to the reaction force of one of the opposing sealing elements 81 and 82.

[0065] The general concept of this invention can be applied substantially to at least having Figure 13 The block fitting assembly 120 shown is any of the elements of the block fitting assembly 120. The block fitting assembly 120 includes a first block 121, a second block 122, and a fastener 190 that applies a clamping force to the sealing element 181. The first block 121 is formed of a first material, and the fastener 190 is formed of a second material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the first material. A heel structure 185 is shown projecting from the first block 121 toward the second block 122, but the heel structure 185 may alternatively be arranged in a manner similar to... Figure 10 The second block 122 extends toward the first block 121 in a manner similar to that disclosed in the previous embodiment. The heel structure 185 operates in exactly the same manner as described with reference to the foregoing embodiment, wherein an increase in temperature of the first block 121 causes the first block 121 to expand axially until the heel structure 185 contacts the second block 122 when the first block 121 reaches a threshold temperature value to redistribute the clamping force of the fastener 190.

[0066] The general concept of the invention can be accordingly applied to redistributing the clamping force of a block assembly having any number of sealing elements arranged in series in the axial direction of the block assembly or any number of sealing elements arranged in radial positions relative to the application of the clamping force. One of the heel structures can be implemented in the structure of the block assembly at any location within the block assembly, wherein one of the sealing elements is at risk of unwanted axial compression. Furthermore, it is not necessary to apply the clamping force to one of the blocks having or contacting the heel structure, because the clamping force can be carried by multiple intermediate parts while achieving the same effect with the heel structure.

[0067] Although certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purposes of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure, which is further described in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A first block for use in a block assembly, the block assembly including a first sealing element, a second block, and a clamping device configured to apply a clamping force compressing the first sealing element between the first block and the second block, the first block comprising: A first heel structure protrudes axially from the surface of the first block facing the second block, wherein the first heel structure is configured to be spaced apart from or in contact with the second block depending on the temperature of the first block when the clamping device applies a clamping force that compresses the first sealing element between the first block and the second block.

2. The first block-shaped member according to claim 1, wherein, The first block is formed of a first material, and the clamping device is formed of a second material, the first material having a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the second material.

3. The first block-shaped component according to claim 2, wherein, The first block is made of aluminum, and the clamping device is made of steel.

4. The first block-shaped member according to claim 1, wherein, At least a portion of the first sealing element is formed of a malleable material configured to deform axially when compressed by the clamping force.

5. The first block-shaped member according to claim 4, wherein, At least a portion of the first sealing element is formed of a metallic material.

6. The first block-shaped member according to claim 1, wherein, The first heel structure is integrally formed with the first block-shaped member.

7. The first block-shaped member according to claim 1, wherein, The clamping device is a fastener comprising a shaft, a head disposed at an end of the shaft, and a nut adjustable relative to the shaft, wherein the clamping force is applied between the head of the fastener and the nut.

8. The first block-shaped member according to claim 1, wherein, The clamping device is a fastener that extends through each of the fastener holes formed in the first block and the second block, wherein the first heel structure is configured to be adjacent to the periphery of the fastener hole in the first block.

9. The first block member according to claim 8, wherein, The first heel structure extends around at least a portion of the periphery of the fastener hole of the first block.

10. The first block member according to claim 8, wherein, Most of the first heel structure is positioned to one side of the center of the fastener hole of the first block.

11. The first block member according to claim 10, wherein, One side of the center of the fastener hole of the first block is configured to be close to the first sealing element or far away from the first sealing element relative to the center of the fastener hole.

12. The first block member according to claim 1, wherein, The first heel structure is configured to be spaced apart from the second block when the first block is at a temperature below a threshold temperature, and wherein the first heel structure is configured to contact the second block when the first block is at or above the threshold temperature.

13. The first block-shaped member according to claim 1, wherein, The first heel structure is configured to be spaced apart from the second block when the second block is at a temperature below a threshold temperature, and wherein the first heel structure is configured to contact the second block when the second block is at or above the threshold temperature.

14. The first block member according to claim 1, wherein, At least a portion of the clamping force applied by the clamping device is transmitted between the first block and the second block at the location where the first heel structure contacts the second block.

15. The first block member according to claim 14, wherein, At least a portion of the clamping force transmitted from the first block to the second block at the location where the first heel structure contacts the second block results in a reduction of a portion of the clamping force transmitted between the first block and the second block via the first sealing element.

16. The first block member according to claim 1, wherein, The first block-shaped component forms the housing of the expansion valve.

17. The first block member according to claim 1, wherein, The block assembly further includes a second sealing element disposed between the first block and the second block, wherein the clamping force compresses the second sealing element between the first block and the second block in the axial direction of the block assembly.

18. The first block member according to claim 17, wherein, The first heel structure is positioned relative to the clamping device close to either the first sealing element or the second sealing element.

19. A block assembly, comprising: First block-shaped component; The second block-shaped component; A first sealing element is disposed between the first block and the second block; A clamping device applies a clamping force to compress the first sealing element between the first block and the second block along the axial direction of the block assembly, wherein a first heel structure protrudes axially from one of the first block or the second block toward the other, wherein the first heel structure is configured to be spaced apart from or in contact with the other of the first block or the second block depending on the temperature of the first block.

20. The block assembly according to claim 19, further comprising: The third block-shaped component; A second sealing element is disposed between the first block and the third block, the clamping force compressing the second sealing element between the first block and the third block along the axial direction of the block assembly, wherein a second heel structure protrudes axially from one of the first block or the third block toward the other of the first block or the third block, wherein the second heel structure is configured to be spaced apart from or in contact with the other of the first block or the third block depending on the temperature of the first block.

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