array antenna

Abstract

An array antenna comprises a reflecting plate, radiation units arranged on the reflecting plate, and isolation units arranged on the reflecting plate and located on one side of the radiation units, wherein the isolation units comprise a band-stop type metasurface and a transmission type metasurface; and the band-stop type metasurface and the transmission type metasurface are sequentially arranged from bottom to top on the reflecting plate. By arranging the band-stop type metasurface and the transmission type metasurface, the mutual coupling between the radiation units is reduced, the isolation is improved, and excellent antenna index performance is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and more specifically to an array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communication systems, the industry has launched the fifth generation mobile communication system, which has significantly improved the communication quality and speed of communication services, and has also greatly alleviated the problem of radio frequency spectrum resource shortage in the communication service industry through the technology known in the industry as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO).

[0003] Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology refers to the use of multiple transmitting and receiving antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends of a device. This allows signals to be transmitted and received through multiple antennas at both ends. This transmission technology achieves high-speed data transmission and significantly improves channel capacity without increasing the communication bandwidth or antenna transmission power.

[0004] In antenna arrays with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture, on the one hand, the coupling between adjacent antenna elements becomes increasingly severe due to the sharp increase in the number of antenna elements, which has always been a key challenge for MIMO technology. On the other hand, the increase in the number of antenna elements also increases the overall size and weight of the antenna array, leading to increased costs and a reduction in the number of antennas installed on the tower.

[0005] To address these issues, the industry typically reduces the spacing between antenna elements to achieve miniaturization of the base station antenna. However, smaller spacing exacerbates the mutual coupling problem between antenna elements, leading to a sharp decline in antenna isolation, severe radiation pattern distortion, and consequently, deterioration of antenna performance, impacting the communication efficiency of the base station. Therefore, it is essential to provide an improved array antenna to mitigate the mutual coupling between base station antenna elements, which has been a focus of technological innovation within the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide an array antenna.

[0007] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0008] An array antenna includes: a reflector; a radiating element disposed on the reflector; and an isolation element disposed on the reflector and located on one side of the radiating element, the isolation element including a band-stop metasurface and a transmissive metasurface; the band-stop metasurface and the transmissive metasurface are arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the reflector.

[0009] Preferably, the height of the band-stop metasurface relative to the reflector is 0.3-0.5 times the height of the radiating surface of the radiating element relative to the reflector. Within this height range, the band-stop metasurface can reflect electromagnetic waves radiated from one radiating element towards another back into the cavity of the radiating element that emitted the electromagnetic waves. This prevents these electromagnetic waves from propagating to adjacent radiating elements and further reduces signal coupling between adjacent radiating elements.

[0010] More preferably, the total height of the isolation unit relative to the reflector is equal to or greater than the height of the radiating surface of the radiating unit relative to the reflector. This can further reduce signal coupling between adjacent radiating units, thereby improving the isolation of signal propagation.

[0011] Preferably, the isolation unit is disposed between the two radiating units to reduce interference between signals of different frequencies between the two radiating units. Preferably, the transmissive metasurface is configured with opposite phases for the direct coupled wave and the reflected coupled wave generated when the radiating unit is excited, thus achieving a good signal phase shifting effect. More preferably, the phase of the direct coupled wave and the reflected coupled wave generated when the radiating unit is excited by the transmissive metasurface is related to the equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface.

[0012] Preferably, the transmissive metasurface includes a first dielectric substrate and a first metasurface unit disposed on the first dielectric substrate, wherein the equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface is related to the size and dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate and the shape and size of the first metasurface unit. More preferably, the bandstop metasurface includes a second dielectric substrate and a second metasurface unit disposed on the second dielectric substrate, wherein the second metasurface unit exhibits bandstop characteristics relative to the operating frequency band of the radiating unit.

[0013] Preferably, the array antenna includes at least two radiating elements of the same or different frequencies, and the band-stop metasurface includes at least two second dielectric substrates and second metasurface elements respectively disposed on each of the second dielectric substrates. Each of the second dielectric substrates is disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the radiating elements, and each of the second metasurface elements exhibits band-stop characteristics for the operating frequency band of the corresponding radiating element.

[0014] Optionally, the resistive metasurface and the transmissive metasurface can be integrally formed; or, the resistive metasurface and the transmissive metasurface can be fixed together by riveting to form a whole.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] According to the aforementioned array antenna, an isolation unit composed of a band-stop metasurface and a transmissive metasurface is introduced on one side of the radiating element of the reflector. Due to the presence of the band-stop metasurface, electromagnetic waves are reflected back into the cavity of the radiating element by the dielectric substrate on the band-stop metasurface, preventing these waves from propagating to adjacent radiating elements and further reducing signal coupling between adjacent radiating elements. Simultaneously, because a transmissive metasurface is provided on the band-stop metasurface, refraction occurs when electromagnetic waves irradiate it, reducing the energy of the electromagnetic waves reaching adjacent antennas. Furthermore, because the transmissive metasurface can produce a phase shift, adjusting its surface structure changes its transmission phase, further ensuring that the electromagnetic waves of the first coupling path and the second coupling path are out of phase. This causes the electromagnetic waves of the first and second coupling paths to partially cancel each other out, also reducing coupling. Ultimately, by sequentially setting a band-stop metasurface and a transmissive metasurface from bottom to top on one side of the radiating element, the electromagnetic wave mutual coupling between the radiating elements was significantly reduced, thereby improving the isolation between them, ensuring a stable radiation pattern without serious distortion, and ultimately ensuring excellent antenna performance.

[0017] More specifically, by setting the transmissive metasurface and adjusting its equivalent dielectric constant to change the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiating elements, the electromagnetic waves propagating along the first coupling path are out of phase with those propagating along the second coupling path. When one of the two radiating elements is excited, a portion of its upward-radiated electromagnetic waves is reflected after encountering the radome and then reflected to the other radiating element; this is the first coupling path. When one of the two radiating elements is excited, the generated electromagnetic waves also radiate to the side of the excited radiating element. When encountering an unobstructed area, they couple to the cavity region of the reflector of the other radiating element; this is the second coupling path. Accordingly, by further setting the band-stop metasurface and adjusting its structure, it can generate band-stop characteristics in the target frequency band, and its band-stop capability will also change.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the array antenna of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the planar structure of the array antenna.

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the planar structure of the band-stop metasurface of the array antenna.

[0023] Figure 4a for Figure 1 The diagram shows the planar structure of the transmissive metasurface of the array antenna.

[0024] Figures 4b-4d They were shown respectively Figure 4a Several embodiments of the transmissive metasurface are shown.

[0025] Figure 5 Showing Figure 1-4d The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of the array antenna.

[0026] Figure 6 The display included Figure 1-4d The diagram shows a three-dimensional structure of the base station antenna of the array antenna.

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 1-4d The simulated parameters of the band-stop metasurface of the array antenna are shown.

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 1-4d The diagram shows the equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface of the array antenna.

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 1-4d The diagram shows a comparison of the isolation of the array antennas.

[0030] Figure 10 for Figure 1-4d The simulation diagram showing the coupling degree comparison of the array antennas is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0032] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, nor does it exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein can include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0033] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0034] This invention provides an array antenna that, by setting an isolation unit on one side of a radiating element on a reflector plate on which radiating elements are mounted, the isolation unit includes a band-stop metasurface and a transmissive metasurface arranged sequentially from bottom to top. This significantly reduces the mutual coupling between two adjacent radiating elements, thereby improving the isolation between them, ensuring a stable radiation pattern without serious distortion, and ultimately ensuring excellent antenna performance.

[0035] In embodiments of the present invention, combined with Figures 1 to 4a and Figure 5 An array antenna 100 includes:

[0036] Reflector 10;

[0037] At least one radiation element 20 is disposed on the reflector 10;

[0038] The resistive metasurface 30 is erected on the reflector 10; and

[0039] A transmissive metasurface 40 is erected on the resistive metasurface 30;

[0040] The band-resistance metasurface 30 and the transmissive metasurface 40 together constitute an isolation unit, which can be disposed on one side of, for example, the at least one radiation unit 20.

[0041] The transmissive metasurface 40 includes a first dielectric substrate 42 and a first metasurface unit, such as a metal patch 44, disposed on the first dielectric substrate 42. The equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface 40 is related to the size and dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 42 and the shape and size of the first metasurface unit.

[0042] By adjusting the structure of the transmissive metasurface 40, the direct coupled wave of the second path can be made to be out of phase with the reflected wave of the first path. Furthermore, the phase of the direct coupled wave and the reflected coupled wave generated when the radiating element is excited by the transmissive metasurface is related to the equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface.

[0043] The band-stop metasurface 30 includes a second dielectric substrate 31 and a second metasurface unit disposed on the second dielectric substrate 31. The second metasurface unit exhibits band-stop characteristics relative to the operating frequency band of the radiating unit 20. The second metasurface unit may have the following structure:

[0044] A pair of annular terminals 322 are disposed on the second dielectric substrate 31. The pair of annular terminals 322 surround each other to form an open-circuit ring 32. The first ends of each pair of annular terminals 322 form an opening between each other, and the second ends of each pair of annular terminals 322 form an extension segment 34. The two extension segments 34 are parallel to each other and spaced a certain distance apart. The two annular terminals 322 are electrically connected to each other through a short circuit 36. The two ends of the short circuit 36 ​​are respectively disposed between the first end of the corresponding annular terminal 322 and the extension segment 34. The two extension segments 34 constitute a capacitor circuit structure, and the short circuit 36 ​​constitutes an inductor circuit structure. The combination of the capacitor circuit structure and the inductor circuit structure is equivalent to an RLC circuit.

[0045] The above structure forms an array antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The decoupling process is described below in conjunction with the combined structure of the band-stop metasurface 30 and the transmissive metasurface 40 that block between two adjacent radiating elements 20.

[0046] First, the transmissive metasurface 40, composed of the first dielectric substrate 42 and the first metasurface unit (such as a metal patch 44) disposed on the first dielectric substrate 42, is actually a transmissive metasurface with an equivalent high dielectric constant. Through reasonable design of the transmissive metasurface structure, it can be equivalent to a metasurface with a high dielectric constant. Compared to dielectric substrates with the same dielectric constant, the transmissive metasurface provided by this invention has the advantages of being lightweight, low-cost, and easy to manufacture. Furthermore, for dielectric materials existing in nature, at the same thickness, different dielectric constants result in different transmission phases and refractive indices. Therefore, by changing the dielectric constant of the dielectric material, the refractive index can be changed, thereby changing the refraction angle, reflection angle, and transmission phase.

[0047] Secondly, the structure of the band-stop metasurface 30, which is composed of the second dielectric substrate 31 and the second metasurface (such as the pair of annular terminals 322 and related structures) disposed on the second dielectric substrate 31, can be adjusted so as to achieve the band-stop characteristics of the corresponding target frequency band.

[0048] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the decoupling principle proposed in this invention. Without the resistive metasurface 30 and transmissive metasurface 40 provided by this invention, the coupling paths of the radiating element 20 are mainly of two types: the first coupling path is the route A1-A2, and the second coupling path is the route B1-B2. When the left radiating element 20 is excited, most of its upward-radiated electromagnetic waves pass through the radome 50 and are radiated to the far field. A small portion of the electromagnetic waves are reflected after encountering the radome 50 (indicated by arrow A1) and are reflected onto the right radiating element 20 (indicated by arrow A2), thus generating the first coupling path (this reflected electromagnetic wave is called a reflected coupled wave). Furthermore, the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating element 20 also radiate to its left and right sides. When encountering unobstructed areas, they couple into adjacent radiating elements 20 (indicated by arrows B1 and B2), thus generating the second coupling path (this refracted electromagnetic wave is called a direct coupled wave). The electromagnetic wave coupling in both of these methods leads to enhanced mutual coupling between adjacent radiating elements, a sharp deterioration in isolation, and distortion of the radiation pattern, which in turn deteriorates the antenna performance and affects the communication efficiency of the base station antenna.

[0049] When the band-stop metasurface 30 and the transmissive metasurface 40 provided by this invention are disposed on the reflector with radiating elements, the situation becomes very favorable. Specifically, since the band-stop metasurface 30 is disposed between two adjacent radiating elements 20, electromagnetic waves will be reflected back into the cavity of the radiating element 20 that emitted the electromagnetic waves by the band-stop metasurface 30, thus creating a reflection path C, preventing this portion of the electromagnetic waves from propagating to the adjacent radiating elements 20, and further reducing the coupling between adjacent radiating elements 20. At the same time, since the transmissive metasurface 40 is disposed on the band-stop metasurface 30, on the one hand, after the electromagnetic waves irradiate the transmissive metasurface 40, refraction occurs, resulting in beam deflection of the electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing the energy of the electromagnetic waves irradiating adjacent antennas. On the other hand, since the first dielectric substrate 42 and the first metasurface of the transmissive metasurface 40 combine to form a metasurface, a phase shifting effect can be generated. By adjusting the surface structure (shape and structure of the metal patch 44) of the transmissive metasurface 40, the phase of its transmission is changed, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first coupling path is exactly opposite to that of the electromagnetic wave of the second coupling path. In this way, the electromagnetic waves of the first coupling path and the second coupling path will cancel each other out to some extent, which also plays a role in reducing coupling.

[0050] Ultimately, by sequentially placing a band-stop metasurface and a transmissive metasurface between two adjacent radiating elements from bottom to top, the electromagnetic wave mutual coupling between the two adjacent radiating elements was significantly reduced, thereby improving the isolation between them, ensuring a stable radiation pattern without serious distortion, and ultimately ensuring excellent antenna performance.

[0051] The two annular terminals 322 of the resistive metasurface 30 are printed on the second dielectric substrate 31. The open-circuit ring 32 formed by the pair of annular terminals 322 provides the main capacitance and inductance. Specifically, the pair of parallel and spaced-apart extensions 34 constitute a capacitor circuit, while the short circuit 36 ​​constitutes an inductor circuit, thereby further reducing the resonant frequency through the formed capacitor and inductor circuits.

[0052] The equivalent dielectric constant can be changed by altering the size and structure of the first metasurface (metal patch 44) of the transmissive metasurface 40. Figure 8 The equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface 40 is shown. It can be seen that the transmissive metasurface 40 can be equivalent to a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 50 in the target frequency band. A specific equivalent dielectric constant value is given in this invention. For different specific dielectric constant requirements, the structure of the transmissive metasurface 40 can be modified to further change its equivalent dielectric constant value.

[0053] More preferably, refer to Figure 3 Each annular terminal 322 of the resistive metasurface 30 includes a top edge 321, a bottom edge 323, a vertical edge 327, and two inclined edges 325 connecting the vertical edge 327 to the top edge 321 and the bottom edge 323, respectively. An extension segment 34 is disposed at the end of the bottom edge 323 away from the corresponding inclined edge 325, and the extension segment 34 extends from this end toward the top edge 321. The shorting path 36 includes a vertical arm 328 extending from the bottom edge 323 of the corresponding annular terminal 322 toward the top edge 321, and a transverse wall 329 connecting the two vertical arms 328. This type of extension segment 34, forming a capacitor circuit, and the shorting path 36, forming an inductor circuit, further enhance the capacitance and inductance of the formed capacitor and inductor circuits, thereby achieving a better low-frequency filtering effect. Ultimately, it blocks some of the electromagnetic waves propagating from the excitation radiating element to adjacent radiating elements, reducing interference between the antennas. Figure 7 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the band-resistive metasurface 30 with the above structure is shown. It can be seen that in the range of 1.7 GHz to 2.2 GHz, its S21 < -10 dB, and it exhibits band-resistive characteristics.

[0054] Figure 9 Before and after loading the metasurface Figure 1 The polarization isolation of the second antenna from the right changes. Before loading, the overall isolation is 22dB, and after loading, the isolation is 18dB.

[0055] Figure 10 for Figure 1-4d The figure shows a simulation comparison of the coupling degree of the array antennas. Figure 1 The change in the coupling degree of the corresponding ports of the second radiation unit 20 and the third radiation unit 20 from the right is 15dB before the band-stop type metasurface 30 and the transmission type metasurface 40 are set, and it is 20dB after they are set.

[0056] Comprehensive analysis Figure 9 and Figure 10 After setting the band-stop metasurface 30 and the transmissive metasurface 40, the coupling improved by 5dB. This is because the coupling and isolation are mutually constrained, so the isolation decreased by 4dB. However, the overall balance between isolation and coupling was ensured, the mutual coupling between the radiating elements 20 was weakened, the isolation between the two was improved, a stable radiation pattern without serious distortion was ensured, and finally, excellent antenna performance was ensured.

[0057] Preferably, refer to Figures 4a-4dThe metal patch 44 of the transmissive metasurface 40 is an octagonal, circular, or combined rectangular-hexagonal metal patch printed on the first dielectric substrate 42 of the transmissive metasurface 40. While this invention demonstrates specific metal patches of the above shapes, the shape and structure of the metal patches are not limited to these; other suitable shapes and structures are possible to facilitate the rapid and convenient achievement of an equivalent dielectric constant. These shapes and structures of metal patches exhibit excellent structural symmetry and effectively achieve phase-shifting effects.

[0058] Preferably, each radiating unit 20 includes a feeding balun 22 disposed on the reflector 10 and a radiating surface 24 supported on the top of the feeding balun 22.

[0059] More preferably, the radiating surface 24 and the corresponding feeding balun 22 are welded together to achieve electrical connection and increase structural stability. Simultaneously, the radiating unit 20 employing a balun-coupled feeding structure can achieve a wider operating frequency band.

[0060] More preferably, a V-shaped slit (not shown) is formed on the radiating surface 24 to further improve the impedance matching characteristics and obtain better standing wave characteristics. The radiating surface 24 is welded to the reflector 10 to improve the structural strength between the entire radiating unit 20 and the reflector 10, and to achieve grounding of the radiating unit 20.

[0061] The reflector 10 provides support for the radiating elements 20 of the array antenna 100 and serves as a common ground terminal. Preferably, the reflector 10 is a metal reflector to provide better structural strength to support the multiple radiating elements and the band-stop metasurface 30 and transmissive metasurface 40 located thereon, while also providing better grounding.

[0062] Preferably, the height of the band-stop metasurface 30 relative to the reflector 10 is 0.3-0.5 times the height of the radiating surface 24 of each radiating unit 20 relative to the reflector 101. Within this height range, the band-stop metasurface 30 can better reflect electromagnetic waves radiated by one radiating unit 20 towards another back into the cavity of the radiating unit 20 that emitted the electromagnetic waves. This prevents these electromagnetic waves from propagating to adjacent radiating units 20 and further reduces signal coupling between adjacent radiating units 20. The specific height of the band-stop metasurface 30 relative to the reflector 10 can be optimized based on specific performance parameters.

[0063] More preferably, the total height of the band-resistance metasurface 30 and the transmissive metasurface 40 mounted thereon relative to the reflector 101 can be the same as the height of the radiating surface 24 of each radiating element 20 relative to the reflector 101, or it can be greater than this height but lower than the radome.

[0064] Preferably, the array antenna 100 further includes an antenna cover 50, and the two radiating elements 20 and the corresponding band-stop metasurface 30 and transmissive metasurface 40 are disposed between the reflector 10 and the antenna cover 50, so that the antenna cover 50 plays the role of protecting and beautifying the antenna components.

[0065] Preferably, the isolation unit, composed of a band-stop metasurface 30 and a transmissive metasurface 40, is disposed between the two radiating units 20 to enhance the signal blocking effect between them. Further, the two radiating units 20 operate in different frequency bands. The band-stop metasurface 30 includes at least two second dielectric substrates 31 and second metasurface units respectively disposed on each of the second dielectric substrates 31. Each second dielectric substrate 31 is correspondingly disposed to each of the radiating units 20, and each second metasurface unit exhibits band-stop characteristics relative to the operating frequency band of its corresponding radiating unit 20.

[0066] In the technical solution of this application, the relationship between the resistive metasurface 30 and the transmissive metasurface 40 can be flexibly set, for example, the two can be integrated; or, the resistive metasurface 30 and the transmissive metasurface 40 can be fixed to each other by common connection structures such as riveting.

[0067] refer to Figure 6 Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a base station antenna 200 formed by combining multiple array antennas 100 described above. In this figure, the base station antenna 200 is a 3×3 array structure, and each radiating element 20 is surrounded by a band-stop metasurface 30 and a corresponding transmissive metasurface 40, thereby reducing radiation interference from the surrounding radiating elements.

[0068] It is worth noting that the number of rows and columns of the band-stop metasurface 30 and the corresponding transmissive metasurface 40 included in the array antenna 200 of the present invention is determined by the specific number of radiating elements. Any combination of band-stop metasurfaces 30 and corresponding transmissive metasurfaces 40 with different numbers of rows is possible. Furthermore, the relative positions of the band-stop metasurfaces 30 and the corresponding transmissive metasurfaces 40 can also be changed. For example, the transmissive metasurfaces 40 can be placed in multiple columns with staggered heights, or they can be placed diagonally above the band-stop metasurfaces 30. The specific placement method and quantity are determined by specific relevant indicators.

[0069] The base station antenna 200 formed by combining multiple array antennas 100 described above achieves similar technical effects. Specifically, because a band-stop metasurface 30 is positioned between two adjacent radiating elements 20, electromagnetic waves are reflected back into the cavity of the radiating element 20 that emitted the electromagnetic waves. This prevents these electromagnetic waves from propagating to adjacent radiating elements 20, further reducing signal coupling between adjacent radiating elements 20. Simultaneously, because a transmissive metasurface 40 is provided on the band-stop metasurface 30, refraction occurs when electromagnetic waves irradiate the transmissive metasurface 40 through the second coupling path, resulting in beam deflection of the electromagnetic waves and reducing the energy of the electromagnetic waves irradiating adjacent antennas. On the other hand, since the transmissive metasurface 40 can produce a phase shifting effect, by adjusting the surface structure (shape and structure of the metal patch 44) of the first metasurface of the transmissive metasurface 40, the phase of its transmission is changed, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first coupling path is exactly opposite to that of the electromagnetic wave of the second coupling path. In this way, the electromagnetic waves of the first coupling path and the second coupling path will cancel each other out to some extent, which also plays a role in reducing coupling.

[0070] Ultimately, by sequentially placing a band-stop metasurface and a transmissive metasurface between two adjacent radiating elements from bottom to top, the electromagnetic wave mutual coupling between the two adjacent radiating elements was significantly reduced, thereby improving the isolation between them, ensuring a stable radiation pattern without serious distortion, and ultimately ensuring excellent antenna performance.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will understand that the steps, measures, and solutions in the various operations, methods, and processes discussed in this application can be alternated, modified, combined, or deleted. Furthermore, other steps, measures, and solutions in the various operations, methods, and processes discussed in this application can also be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted. Furthermore, steps, measures, and solutions in the prior art that are similar to those disclosed in this application can also be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.

[0072] The above description is only a partial embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An array antenna, comprising: Reflector; The radiation unit disposed on the reflector plate is characterized by further comprising: an isolation unit disposed on the reflector plate and located on one side of the radiation unit, the isolation unit comprising a band-resistance metasurface and a transmissive metasurface; The band-resistive metasurface is used to reflect electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiating unit; The transmissive metasurface is used to refract electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiating unit; The resistive metasurface and the transmissive metasurface are arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the reflector plate; The height of the band-resistive metasurface relative to the reflector is 0.3-0.5 times the height of the radiating surface of the radiating unit relative to the reflector.

2. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total height of the isolation unit relative to the reflector is equal to or greater than the height of the radiating surface of the radiating unit relative to the reflector.

3. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation unit is disposed between the two radiation units.

4. The array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmissive metasurface sets the direct coupled wave and the reflected coupled wave generated when the radiating element is excited to be in opposite phase.

5. The array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phase of the direct coupled wave and the reflected coupled wave generated by the transmissive metasurface when the radiating element is excited is related to the equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface.

6. The array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmissive metasurface includes a first dielectric substrate and a first metasurface unit disposed on the first dielectric substrate. The equivalent dielectric constant of the transmissive metasurface is related to the size and dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate and the shape and size of the first metasurface unit.

7. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The band-stop metasurface includes a second dielectric substrate and a second metasurface unit disposed on the second dielectric substrate. The second metasurface unit exhibits band-stop characteristics relative to the operating frequency band of the radiating unit.

8. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bandstop metasurface includes at least two radiating units of the same or different frequencies. The bandstop metasurface includes at least two second dielectric substrates and second metasurface units respectively disposed on each of the second dielectric substrates. Each of the second dielectric substrates is disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the radiating units, and each of the second metasurface units exhibits bandstop characteristics for the operating frequency band of the corresponding radiating unit.

9. The array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The resistive metasurface and the transmissive metasurface are integrally formed; or, the resistive metasurface and the transmissive metasurface are fixed to each other by riveting.

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