Four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press and four-station automatic forging method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press and a four-station automatic forging method. The main cylinders in the middle of the two end crossbeams are respectively connected to the main slider. A die holder is embedded at the working end of the main slider. Each of the two die holders is provided with two stations, and each die is respectively equipped with a graphite spray gun. An intermediate clamping cylinder is installed in the middle of the upper column. The lower end of the piston rod of the intermediate clamping cylinder is connected to a pressing slider. The upper semi-circle of the workpiece fixture is fixedly connected below the pressing slider, and the lower semi-circle of the workpiece fixture is fixedly connected to the workbench. The workbench is fixed in the middle of the lower column. The forging steps include the tray descending, the spray gun approaching the die and blowing air in advance, spraying graphite, the spray gun retracting and continuing to blow air, stopping blowing air and the tray rising, the manipulator placing the workpiece, clamping the workpiece, the slider advancing quickly, a first stretching, the main cylinder releasing pressure, the slider returning, changing the die, a second stretching, the main cylinder releasing pressure, the slider returning, releasing the workpiece and taking it out. The present invention can achieve automatic spraying, extrusion, and die changing, with low equipment investment cost and high production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a horizontal hydraulic press, in particular to a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press. The present invention also relates to a four-station automatic forging method, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic press forging. Background Art

[0002] In the forming processes such as necking, upsetting, square pushing, and thickening of shaft and disc parts, it is necessary to carry out in multiple steps and gradually deform to the required size. If the deformation is too large at one time, various quality problems such as stacking, instability, cracks, workpiece bending, and non-forming are likely to occur. Adopting multiple-step forming involves the problem of switching workstations or reducing-diameter molds. When the hydraulic press is pressing, the stress point should be at the pressure center of the machine tool. Generally, there are two methods to solve multi-station and multi-step extrusion: (1) Connect multiple machine tools in series, install different reducing-diameter molds on each machine tool, and cooperate with a feeding device or manual loading and unloading in the middle. (2) Batch form the reducing-diameter molds at each workstation on the same hydraulic press, and then replace the reducing-diameter molds to carry out the forming of the next batch.

[0003] The above two solutions have obvious deficiencies: For solution (1), the equipment to be configured increases, and the cost investment increases significantly. For solution (2), the number of hydraulic presses required decreases, and the cost investment is small, but the production efficiency is significantly reduced. For small-batch or single-piece production, the reducing-diameter molds need to be frequently replaced, resulting in low production efficiency. Especially when the workpiece needs to be heated, it is not very feasible. In processes such as the necking forming of thick-walled steel pipes and the horizontal forging of wheels, the pipe ends or parts need to be heated to reduce the deformation resistance and increase the fluidity of the metal to increase the filling ability. If solution (2) is adopted, the parts formed in the previous process need to be reheated or reheated multiple times after being placed and the temperature drops, increasing the cost. Moreover, multiple heating will cause other quality problems such as decarburization, oxidation, and overburning of the parts.

[0004] Forging graphite emulsion is an ideal mold release agent and lubricant for hot and cold extrusion and hot forging in the forging process, and can also play a role in protecting the heated workpiece and reducing oxidation. At present, the traditional methods include roller coating and manual brushing. Roller coating is only applicable to parts with regular shaft structures and is prone to excessive roller coating. Manual brushing has low efficiency, uneven thickness, and is prone to dripping and polluting the environment and other adverse factors. There are also solutions that use robotic arms to replace manual brushing, and there are also solutions that use pump injection and manual spraying through a graphite spray gun with a manual control valve. There are still defects such as low production efficiency, uneven brushing, and easy dripping and causing environmental pollution.

[0005] The Chinese invention patent application with the publication number CN 111229538A discloses a four-station automatic forging hydraulic press and a spraying method for the four-station automatic forging hydraulic press, including a frame arranged on one side of the forging press, a movable frame movably arranged on the frame, a lifting frame slidably arranged on the movable frame along the vertical direction at one end, and a spraying bucket fixed at the other end of the lifting frame for storing graphite milk. The opening of the spraying bucket faces upward, and a plurality of nozzles communicating with its inner cavity are arranged at the bottom of the spraying bucket. A first driving mechanism for moving the movable frame to / from the forging station of the forging press is arranged between the movable frame and the frame, and a second driving mechanism for driving the lifting frame to lift is arranged between the lifting frame and the movable frame, which can improve the spraying effect of graphite milk and will not cause waste of graphite milk. However, there are still the following deficiencies:

[0006] 1. The structure is complex, the versatility is poor, the mechanical structure size is large, there are many transmission mechanisms, and it needs to be installed in front of the press with an opening, occupying the operation position of the forging press, affecting manual or machine operation. Especially for forging hydraulic presses such as quick forging, free forging, and hot die forging with high working speeds, it is necessary to frequently turn over parts, replace reducing-diameter dies, and add forging agents, which has a great impact on manual and machine operations, and its application is restricted by many factors.

[0007] 2. The efficiency of the actuator is low, affecting the overall production efficiency. Each time this device sprays graphite, it is necessary to move the graphite bucket and the nozzles below it through the rotating arm and the lifting mechanism into the mold cavity at the forging working position of the press, and it also needs to withdraw from the working space after spraying, with low efficiency. The forged workpieces generally need to be heated to a red-hot state to reduce the tensile strength of the workpiece material and increase fluidity for easy forming. Therefore, forging generally requires a high working speed, and this mechanism will inevitably affect the working efficiency. The one-in-one-out operating mechanism prolongs the working time and is bound to cause the temperature of the workpiece to decrease, affecting forming.

[0008] 3. The actuator lacks a position control function, and the position where it enters and the position where it exits cannot be guaranteed. It completely relies on manual operation and manual control, and is prone to misoperation or inaccurate positioning.

[0009] 4. It is necessary to move the entire graphite barrel to the forging station of the forging press, and then immerse the upper die into the graphite emulsion through the up-and-down movement of the lifting device, while the lower die is sprayed through a nozzle. The shapes of the upper dies are diverse, and it is debatable whether they can be completely immersed in the graphite emulsion in the graphite barrel. For example, if the upper die is very short and flat, or it is a concave die, or its size is larger than the graphite barrel, it is somewhat difficult to perform the immersion action. The amount of graphite emulsion covered by the immersed part of the upper die is too large, while the non-immersed part lacks graphite emulsion, resulting in unevenness. In addition, the immersion method will inevitably cause the graphite emulsion to drip and flow onto the workbench or the lower die, and the graphite emulsion is prone to dry and accumulate, affecting the cavity of the necking die, with great cleaning difficulty and environmental pollution.

[0010] The Chinese utility model patent with the publication number CN 215587755U discloses a two-station die-changing mechanism, which includes a hydraulic press slider, a die-changing push-pull oil cylinder arranged on the hydraulic press slider, a die-changing slide plate arranged below the hydraulic press slider, a die arranged on the die-changing slide plate, and clamp die locking devices arranged on both sides of the die-changing slide plate; the number of the dies is 2 or more; the die-changing push-pull oil cylinder drives the die-changing slide plate to slide through a dragging bracket, and then drives the die to move, so as to realize the alternating replacement of the dies. This die-changing mechanism is not restricted by the forging ratio of the workpiece, can be heated and forged into shape at one time, and has a high qualified rate of the workpiece, improving the production efficiency; however, there are still the following problems:

[0011] 1. The die-changing cylinder is arranged inside the slider. The die-changing push-pull oil cylinder drives the die-changing slide plate to slide through a dragging bracket, and then drives the die to move, so as to realize the switching of the die position. Its dragging bracket is an external type and has an L-shaped structure, with the upper end connected to the die-changing push-pull oil cylinder and the lower end connected to the die-changing slide plate by screws. When the die-changing push-pull oil cylinder extends, the dragging bracket will generate a clockwise torque, and when it retracts, the dragging bracket will generate a counterclockwise torque. Such alternating torques are very likely to cause the connecting screws to become loose, and the movement gap between the die-changing slide plate and the lower part of the slider is constantly changing, reducing the service life of the guide rail.

[0012] 2. A layer of outer shell is welded on the outer wall of the die to form a space for passing cooling water to cool the die. The flow distance of the cooling water is short, it is easy to have short circuit, the heat exchange is not sufficient, and the cooling effect is poor.

[0013] 3. When the demolding force is large, all the demolding forces are borne by the die flange screws and the guide rail screws, which is easy to cause pulling off and there are potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The primary object of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press, which can realize four-station automatic spraying, extrusion, and die-changing on the same machine tool, saving equipment investment costs, simplifying the process, and improving production efficiency.

[0015] To solve the above technical problems, a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press of the present invention includes crossbeams connected to both ends of the upper column and the lower column. Main cylinders are respectively installed in the middle parts of the crossbeams. The plungers of the two main cylinders are respectively connected to the driving ends of the main slider. Openings are respectively provided on the working end faces of the main slider, and die seats capable of moving back and forth are embedded therein. Two die mounting holes are arranged side by side in the front-back direction on the two die seats. Reducing dies are respectively installed in the four die mounting holes, and each reducing die is respectively equipped with a graphite spray gun; An intermediate clamping cylinder is installed in the middle part of the upper column. The lower end of the piston rod of the intermediate clamping cylinder is connected to a pressing slider. The upper semi-circular top of the workpiece fixture is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the pressing slider. The lower semi-circular part of the workpiece fixture is fixed on the workbench through a fixture base, and the bottom of the workbench is fixed in the middle part of the lower column.

[0016] As an improvement of the present invention, two graphite spray guns form a group and are jointly fixed at the bottom of the horizontally moving bracket and respectively point to the center of the large-hole end of the reducing die; The vertical walls of the horizontally moving bracket are respectively connected to the free ends of the piston rods of the horizontal cylinders. Horizontal guide rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the horizontal cylinders. The free ends of the two horizontal guide rods are also respectively connected to the vertical walls of the horizontally moving bracket. The middle sections of the two horizontal guide rods are respectively located in the horizontal guide sleeves. The two horizontal guide sleeves are respectively fixed below the corresponding trays. The horizontal cylinder is fixed on the corresponding tray. The tray is located behind the pressure center line of the hydraulic press; The tray is fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston rod of the corresponding vertical cylinder. The two vertical cylinders are respectively fixed at the front and rear ends of the vertical fixing bracket and are respectively fixed between the two upper columns; Vertical guide rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical cylinder. The middle sections of the vertical guide rods are respectively inserted into the vertical guide sleeves. The two vertical guide sleeves are respectively fixed on the vertical fixing bracket. The lower ends of the two vertical guide rods are respectively connected to the tray.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outlet of the pneumatic triple unit is connected to the P ports of the five-way three-position solenoid valve 1, the five-way three-position solenoid valve 2, the five-way two-position solenoid valve, and the three-way two-position solenoid valve. The A port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve 1 is connected to the rodless cavity of the vertical cylinder through a speed control valve 1. The B port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve 1 is connected to the P port of the two-way four-position check valve D1 through a speed control valve 2. The A port of the two-way four-position check valve D1 is connected to the rod cavity of the vertical cylinder;

[0018] The A port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve 2 is connected to the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed control valve 3. The B port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve 2 is connected to the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed control valve 4;

[0019] The A port and the B port of the five-way two-position solenoid valve respectively control the on-off of the angle seat valve. The graphite tube is connected to the P port of the angle seat valve. The A port of the angle seat valve is respectively connected to the graphite interfaces of the two graphite spray guns through spring tubes;

[0020] The A port of the two-way three-way solenoid valve is connected to the compressed air interfaces of the two graphite spray guns through a spring tube. The angle seat valve, the three-way five-way solenoid valve two, the two-way five-way solenoid valve, and the two-way three-way solenoid valve are all fixed on the tray.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the air pipes and graphite pipes that follow the lifting of the tray are both flexible hoses and are tensioned by a tensioning mechanism. The tensioning mechanism includes two tensioning brackets. The bottoms of the two tensioning brackets are respectively fixed on the cross plate, and the front and rear ends of the two cross plates are respectively fixed between the two upper columns; vertical long grooves are symmetrically arranged on the two tensioning brackets, and a movable pulley shaft that can float up and down is inserted between the two vertical long grooves. Movable pulleys are respectively installed in the middle sections of the two movable pulley shafts, and U-shaped brackets are respectively suspended on the two movable pulley shafts. Counterweight blocks are respectively suspended at the centers of the bottoms of the U-shaped brackets; fixed pulleys are respectively installed on the protruding parts above the two tensioning brackets, and the air pipes and graphite pipes are respectively wound around the movable pulleys and fixed pulleys in an S shape.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the graphite of the graphite spray gun is provided by a graphite milk power tank. The top of the tank body of the graphite milk power tank is covered with a detachable tank body top cover. A stirring reduction gear is installed at the center of the tank body top cover. The output end of the stirring reduction gear is connected to a stirring shaft, and a paddle is arranged at the lower end of the stirring shaft; a feeding hole and a quick insertion air inlet joint are arranged on the tank body top cover. A feeding hole sealing cover is covered at the feeding hole. A balloon releasing valve and a water inlet ball valve are connected to the upper side wall of the tank body. An atomizing nozzle is arranged at the inner end of the connecting pipe of the water inlet ball valve; a graphite outlet ball valve is connected to the lower side wall of the tank body. The outlet of the graphite outlet ball valve is connected to the inlet of the graphite pipe and the outlet of the flushing ball valve. The inlet of the flushing ball valve is connected to a clear water pipe.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the lower parts of the two die seats and the main slider are respectively guided by guide flat keys extending in the front-rear direction; die seat support ears are respectively arranged on the tops of the die seats, and the die seat support ears are respectively hinged to the free ends of the piston rods of the die changing cylinders. The die changing cylinders extend in the front-rear direction and the bottoms are fixed on the corresponding main sliders.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pair of slider rollers are respectively installed below the front and rear sides of the main slider, and the slider rollers are respectively supported on the roller guide rails. The roller guide rails are fixed on the top of the lower column.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, water jackets are respectively installed in the mold installation holes of the die seats, and the reduced diameter molds are respectively installed in the inner holes of the water jackets. Cooling inlet and outlet holes are arranged on the outer sides of the die seats and communicate with the outer walls of the water jackets; spiral grooves are arranged on the outer walls of the water jackets along the cylindrical surface, and the two ends of the water jackets and the die seats are sealed by high-temperature resistant fluororubber rings.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pressure-bearing backing plate is provided between the rear side of the die holder and the main slider. On the upper and lower sides of the front end face of the main slider, limit pressing plates are respectively provided, and L-shaped limits are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the limit pressing plates. Clamping guide rods are respectively provided at the four corners of the pressing slider, and each clamping guide rod respectively passes through the corresponding guide sleeve of the clamping bracket, and the clamping brackets are respectively fixed between the front and rear upper columns.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide a four-station automatic forging method, which can realize automatic switching of extrusion and forging processes at four stations on the same machine tool, save the equipment investment cost, and improve the production efficiency.

[0028] To solve the above technical problems, the four-station automatic forging method of the present invention uses the four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and successively includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. The die holder is located at the rear side of the hydraulic press, and the necking die on the front side is located on the pressure center line. The vertical cylinders respectively drive the trays to descend, so that the two groups of graphite spray guns respectively aim at the large hole ports of the corresponding necking dies.

[0030] S2. The piston rods of the horizontal cylinders extend, respectively driving the two groups of graphite spray guns to approach the necking dies, and the muzzles blow air in advance.

[0031] S3. The two groups of graphite spray guns synchronously spray graphite into the respective necking dies.

[0032] S4. The graphite spraying stops, and the piston rods of the horizontal cylinders retract, respectively pulling the two groups of graphite spray guns back, and the muzzles continue to blow air.

[0033] S5. The two groups of graphite spray guns stop blowing air, and the vertical cylinders respectively drive the trays to rise and reset.

[0034] S6. The manipulator places the pre-heated workpiece at both ends in the lower half circle of the workpiece fixture.

[0035] S7. The manipulator withdraws, and the intermediate clamping cylinder drives the pressing slider to descend, and the upper half circle and the lower half circle of the workpiece fixture enclose and press the workpiece.

[0036] S8. The two main cylinders synchronously drive the main slider to fast forward, and the front necking die on the pressure center line synchronously sleeves the two ends of the workpiece.

[0037] S9. The two main cylinders synchronously apply pressure, and the two ends of the workpiece are extruded by the tapered holes of the front necking die to achieve primary necking.

[0038] S10. The two main cylinders synchronously release pressure.

[0039] S11. The two master cylinders pull the master slider back synchronously;

[0040] S12. The die change cylinder drives the die holder forward, and the rear diameter-reducing die stops on the pressure center line of the hydraulic press;

[0041] S13. The two master cylinders drive the master slider to fast forward synchronously, and the rear diameter-reducing die on the pressure center line synchronously sleeves the two ends of the workpiece;

[0042] S14. The two master cylinders apply pressure synchronously, and the two ends of the workpiece are extruded by the tapered holes of the rear diameter-reducing die to achieve secondary diameter reduction;

[0043] S15. The two master cylinders release pressure synchronously;

[0044] S16. The two master cylinders pull the master slider back synchronously, and then the die change cylinder pulls the die holder back to its original position;

[0045] S17. The intermediate clamping cylinder drives the clamping slider to return upward, and the upper semi-circle of the workpiece fixture disengages from the workpiece;

[0046] S18. The manipulator takes out the workpiece.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: 1. The rapid switching of working positions can save the die change time. Four-station automatic switching of extrusion and forging can be realized on the same hydraulic press, and the equipment investment cost is low;

[0048] 2. The transfer between workpiece processes is reduced. There is no need for reloading, clamping and positioning processes, etc., which greatly improves the production efficiency;

[0049] 3. The reduction of workpiece temperature is avoided, and the repeated heating of the workpiece is avoided. It will not cause quality problems such as decarburization, oxidation, and overburning of parts;

[0050] 4. The function of automatic graphite spraying can be automatically executed in combination with the working signal of the hydraulic press. On the premise of meeting the spraying requirements, the pipeline is less, reducing the risk of retention and blockage of graphite emulsion in the pipeline. The working space for the movement of the slider can be avoided before and after spraying; The sprayed graphite emulsion is blown into a mist by the action of the spray gun and compressed air, with good atomization effect, not restricting the structure and shape of the mold cavity, and uniform coverage;

[0051] 5. The structure of the hydraulic press is relatively simple, and the pneumatic principle of graphite spraying has strong versatility. As long as the power mechanism and execution structure of the graphite spraying cavity are changed, it can be applied to most forging graphite spraying processes. The spray gun can be directly aimed at the working position to be sprayed, and the automatic graphite spraying can be controlled according to the signal of the press return stroke, with high efficiency and wide application range. As long as the principle remains unchanged, it is convenient to improve according to the actual working conditions;

[0052] 6. The pneumatic circuit has high flexibility and can be adjusted according to the actual engineering situation. Its principle is simple and ingenious. The graphite power tank can be placed at any position that does not interfere with the work. The graphite emulsion is transported by compressed air, with a long transportation distance, adjustable flow rate, and controllable spraying time. The spraying time, transportation distance, and flow rate can all be adjusted and controlled, resulting in high production efficiency and greatly saving labor costs. It has two cleaning methods: automatic air blowing cleaning and tap water cleaning, which can effectively prevent the graphite from drying up and blocking the pipeline and the graphite spray gun. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The drawings are only provided for reference and illustration, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0054] Figure 1 It is the front view of the four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 It is the perspective view of half of the hydraulic press of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 It is the front view of the main slider of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 It is the sectional view of one station of the die holder of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 It is the perspective view of the graphite emulsion power tank of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 It is the sectional view of the graphite emulsion power tank of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 It is the front view of the spraying actuator of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 It is the perspective view of the spraying actuator of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 9 It is the pneumatic schematic diagram of the spraying system of the present invention;

[0063] In the figure: 1. Stirring motor; 2. Stirring speed reducer; 3. Flange seat; 4. Pressure gauge; 5. Tank top cover; 6. Balloon discharge valve; 7. Tank body; 8. Liquid level gauge; 9. Graphite outlet ball valve; 10. Flushing ball valve; 11. Tank bottom plate; 12. Tank body base; 13. Inlet quick connector; 14. Tightening screw; 15. Pin; 16. Pin seat; 17. Pressing rod; 18. Sealing cover for charging hole; 19. Hinge shaft; 20. Pressing rod support ear; 21. Water inlet ball valve; 22. Atomizing nozzle; 23. Discharge valve; 24. Coupling; 25. Bearing seat; 26. Bearing; 27. Lubrication joint; 28. Bearing gland; 29. Rotary lip seal; 30. Sealing gland; 30a. Rotary Gleitring; 30b. Rotary seal ring; 31. Stirring shaft; 32. Blade; 33. Water jacket; 33a. Spiral groove; 33b. Annular groove; 34. Reducing die; 34a. Die gland; 35. Vertical fixing bracket; 36. Vertical cylinder; 36a. Screw rod; 37. Vertical guide rod; 38. Vertical guide sleeve; 39. Tray; 40. Horizontal cylinder; 41. Horizontal moving bracket; 42. Horizontal guide sleeve; 43. Horizontal guide sleeve mounting seat; 44. Horizontal guide rod; 45. Graphite spray gun; 46. Spray gun mounting block; 47. Graphite tube; 48. Air pipe; 49. Angle seat valve; 50. Die change cylinder; 51. Tensioning bracket; 51a. Vertical long slot; 52. Movable pulley; 52a. Movable pulley shaft; 53. U-shaped bracket; 54. Counterweight; 55. Fixed pulley; 56. Cross beam; 57. Main cylinder; 58. Upper column; 59. Main slider; 60. Vertical tie rod; 61. Clamping guide rod; 62. Intermediate clamping cylinder; 63. Pressing slider; 64. Workpiece fixture; 65. Workpiece; 66. Workbench; 67. Lower column; 68. Big nut; 69. Cross tie rod; 70. Slide rail; 71. Adjusting mechanism; 72. Slide roller; 73. Roller guide rail; 74. Bearing pad; 75. Guide flat key; 76. Die holder; 76a. Die holder support ear; 76b. Cooling water inlet and outlet holes; 77. Upper limit pressure plate; 78. Lower limit pressure plate. Embodiment

[0064] In the following description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating that the device must have a specific orientation.

[0065] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific drawings.

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0067] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press of the present invention includes a cross beam 56, upper columns 58, lower columns 67, a main cylinder 57, a main slider 59, an intermediate clamping cylinder 62, a pressing slider 63, a workpiece fixture 64, and a workbench 66. The cross beam 56 is located at both ends of the upper columns 58 and the lower columns 67. The cross tie rod 69 passes through the cross beam 56 and the columns, and large nuts 68 are screwed at both ends to clamp the cross beam 56. The upper columns 58 and the lower columns 67 are interconnected by two vertical tie rods 60, making the hydraulic press have higher strength and stiffness.

[0068] The main cylinders 57 are respectively installed in the middle part of the cross beam 56. The pistons of the two main cylinders 57 are respectively connected to the driving ends of the main slider 59. Openings are respectively provided on the working end faces of the main slider 59, and die bases 76 that can translate back and forth are embedded. The die bases 76 are of square structure. Two stations are respectively provided in the front-back direction for each of the two die bases 76, that is, there are two die mounting holes each. Reducing dies 34 are respectively installed in the four die mounting holes.

[0069] A pair of slider rollers 72 are respectively installed below the front and back sides of the main slider 59. Each slider roller 72 is respectively provided with an adjusting mechanism 71, whose function is to adjust the level of the main slider 59 by screws. Since the weight of the main slider 59 is large and it faces downward, and the die base 76 extends forward, the center of gravity of the entire main slider 59 and the reducing die 34 is not at the center of the slider guide 70. It is difficult to adjust the up and down position of the slider guide 70 by wedges. Designing rollers and adjusting screws is more convenient. The slider rollers 72 can be directly supported on the roller guides 73 respectively, and the roller guides 73 are fixed on the top of the lower columns 67.

[0070] A pressure-bearing backing plate 74 is provided between the die base 76 and the main slider 59 at the back. The die base 76 is respectively guided by guide flat keys 75 extending in the front-back direction below it in cooperation with the main slider 59. The guide flat keys 75 are connected to the slider by countersunk head screws. A copper guide plate is also fixed below the die base 76 to form a guiding pair with the guide rail below the main slider 59. The die base 76 can slide in the main slider 59 in the front-back direction.

[0071] The working surface of the main slider 59, that is, the front end face, is designed to be an open shape, and a die base 76 is installed therein. The die base 76 is respectively designed with double stations, and each station is respectively provided with a die mounting hole. The force center of the extrusion station of the reducing die 34 is always located on the pressure center line of the hydraulic press.

[0072] The movement of the die holder 76 is realized by the pushing and pulling of the die change cylinder 50. Die holder lugs 76a are respectively provided at the top of the die holder 76, and the die holder lugs 76a are respectively hinged to the free ends of the piston rods of the die change cylinder 50. The die change cylinder 50 extends in the front-rear direction and its bottom is fixed on the main slider 59. The two ends of the die change cylinder 50 are hinged to eliminate installation and machining errors and eliminate the lateral force of the die change cylinder 50. A long hole is opened on the plate where the main slider 59 is connected to the die change cylinder 50 to avoid interference when the die change cylinder 50 moves.

[0073] An intermediate clamping cylinder 62 is installed in the middle of the upper column 58. The lower end of the piston rod of the intermediate clamping cylinder 62 is connected to a pressing slider 63. Clamping guide rods 61 are respectively fixed at the four corners of the pressing slider 63. Each clamping guide rod 61 respectively passes through the corresponding guide sleeve of the clamping bracket. The clamping brackets are respectively fixed between the front and rear upper columns 58 to ensure the accurate direction when the intermediate clamping cylinder 62 drives the pressing slider 63 to move up and down.

[0074] A T-shaped groove is provided on the lower end surface of the pressing slider 63 and is fixedly connected to the upper semi-circle of the workpiece fixture 64. The bottom of the lower semi-circle of the workpiece fixture 64 is fixed on the workbench 66, and the bottom of the workbench 66 is fixed in the middle of the lower column 67.

[0075] Water jackets 33 are respectively installed in the die mounting holes of the die holder 76. Reducing-diameter dies 34 are respectively installed in the inner holes of the water jackets 33. A die gland 34a is fixed at the outer port of the die mounting hole to press the reducing-diameter die 34 to prevent loosening.

[0076] A spiral groove 33a coiling along the cylindrical surface is provided on the outer wall of the water jacket 33. The cooling water advances along the spiral groove 33a to increase the cooling area and the circulation of the cooling water. High-temperature resistant fluororubber rings are installed in the annular grooves 33b at both ends of the water jacket 33 to achieve sealing with the die holder 76. Especially during hot extrusion, the temperature of the part is relatively high, and the heat is transferred to the reducing-diameter die 34, which will reduce the hardness and strength of the reducing-diameter die. Cooling water inlet and outlet holes 76b are provided on the outer side of the die holder 76 and are communicated with the outer wall of the water jacket. One for inlet and one for outlet, and water is passed through to cool the reducing-diameter die 34.

[0077] When the extrusion of one station is completed, the main slider 59 retracts. The workpiece 65 is pressed by the press slider and the workpiece fixture 64 and remains stationary. The workpiece 65 is disengaged from the reducing-diameter die 34. The die change cylinder 50 pushes the die holder 76 to move, and the extrusion is switched to the second extrusion station for extrusion at the second station. To switch stations, only the die change cylinder 50 needs to push the die holder 76 to the pressure center of the hydraulic press slider. After all the processes are completely extruded, the die holder 76 retracts to the rearmost end for extrusion of the next batch.

[0078] An upper limit pressure plate 77 and a lower limit pressure plate 78 are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides of the facing end surfaces of the two main sliders 59. The front and rear ends of the upper limit pressure plate 77 and the lower limit pressure plate 78 are respectively provided with L-shaped limits to prevent the demoulding slider from escaping from the slider mouth space. At the same time, the limit pressure plate also plays the role of pressing the demoulding slider.

[0079] Guided by the clamping guide rod 61 and its guide sleeve, the intermediate clamping cylinder 62 in the center of the upper column 58 pushes the pressing slide 63 to compress the workpiece clamp 64. Throughout the four-station extrusion process, the workpiece 65 is held firmly in place by the workpiece clamp 64. Driven by the die-changing cylinder 50, the die holder 76 moves back and forth to switch between different stations, improving work efficiency. This is particularly suitable for multi-step extrusion processes that require heating of the pipe end. After one extrusion, the part remains at a relatively high temperature. For the next extrusion, the die holder 76 can be quickly switched to the next station by simply pushing the die-changing cylinder 50. This improves efficiency, avoids repeated reheating, and enhances molding quality.

[0080] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the graphite spraying device supporting the hydraulic press includes a graphite emulsion power tank and a spraying actuator. The graphite emulsion power tank includes a tank body 7, the bottom of the tank body 7 is provided with a tank base 12, the top of the tank body 7 is covered with a detachable tank cover 5, and a stirring reducer 2 is installed in the center of the tank cover 5. The output end of the stirring reducer 2 is connected to a stirring shaft 31 extending downward along the axis of the tank body through a coupling 24, and the lower end of the stirring shaft 31 is provided with a paddle 32. When the rotary seal is worn, it will only cause air leakage and will not cause leakage of the graphite emulsion, and the tiny air leakage will not affect the overall use. If the reducer is installed on the bottom plate 11 of the tank body, after the seal fails, under the pressure of the compressed air in the upper part of the tank, the graphite can easily leak from the gaps, causing environmental pollution.

[0081] The stirring motor 1 drives the stirring shaft 31 to rotate through the stirring reducer 2 and the coupling 24, and the stirring shaft 31 drives the blades to stir the graphite emulsion to prevent the graphite emulsion from settling and drying up.

[0082] The bottom of the mixing reducer 2 is supported on the flange seat 3. A bearing seat 25 is mounted in the center of the tank top cover 5. A bearing 26 is mounted in the inner cavity of the bearing seat 25. The sidewall of the bearing seat 25 is provided with a lubrication joint 27 for oiling the bearing 26. A bearing gland 28 is mounted at the lower end of the bearing seat 25. The raised ring of the bearing gland 28 abuts against the outer ring of the bearing 26 to provide axial positioning for the bearing. A rotating lip seal 29 is mounted on the inner step of the bearing gland 28. Below the rotating lip seal 29 is a sealing gland 30. The inner wall of the sealing gland 30 is embedded with a rotating Gly ring 30a and a rotating seal 30b to achieve a seal with the mixing shaft 31.

[0083] An air inlet quick connector 13 is installed on the top cover 5 of the tank body to connect compressed air and pressurize the graphite milk in the tank to 0.6 - 0.8 MPa. A pressure gauge 4 is also installed on the top cover 5 of the tank body, which can display the air pressure in the tank body 7. Applying pressure to the graphite milk in the tank can achieve long-distance transportation of the graphite milk and increase the flow ability of the graphite milk. The graphite milk is relatively viscous. If relying on the siphon phenomenon, the pipeline cannot be too long and there should not be too many bends, otherwise it is not easy to spray out and will be blocked in the pipeline.

[0084] A feeding hole is also provided on the top cover 5 of the tank body. A feeding hole sealing cover 18 is covered at the feeding hole. A tightening screw 14 is pressed on the top of the feeding hole sealing cover 18. The tightening screw 14 is screwed into the threaded hole of the pressure rod 17. One end of the pressure rod 17 is hinged on the pressure rod support ear 20 through a hinge shaft 19. The other end of the pressure rod 17 is locked at the upper end of the pin seat 16 through a pin 15. The pressure rod support ear 20 and the pin seat 16 are respectively welded on the top cover 5 of the tank body. The lever principle is used to press the feeding hole sealing cover 18. The feeding hole sealing cover 18 adopts end face sealing, which is more convenient for disassembly and assembly than radial sealing.

[0085] A balloon release valve 6 and a water inlet ball valve 21 are connected to the upper side wall of the tank body 7. The balloon release valve 6 is used to release the compressed air in the tank and can be used for maintenance or feeding. The outer end of the water inlet ball valve 21 is connected to tap water, and a spray head 22 is provided at the inner end of the connecting pipe of the water inlet ball valve 21. It has two functions. One is that the tank can be cleaned through the water inlet ball valve 21. The water mist sprayed by the spray head 22 is similar to a shower head and can clean the tank wall. The other is to dilute the graphite milk with water. The purchased forged graphite milk product is relatively thick and needs to be diluted with water before use.

[0086] Two or more discharge ports are provided on the lower side wall of the tank body 7. Each discharge port is connected with a graphite outlet ball valve 9. A tee is installed at the outlet of the graphite outlet ball valve 9. The horizontal outlet of the tee is connected with a graphite pipe 47 for graphite discharging; the downward outlet of the tee is connected with a flushing ball valve 10, and its main function is to connect tap water to flush the graphite pipe 47. Since the graphite milk is easy to precipitate and the water is easy to evaporate and dry hard, blocking parts such as pipelines, spray guns, joints, and valves and is not easy to clean. Generally, it is used to flush the graphite spraying pipeline with water when getting off work and shutting down the machine. Open the flushing ball valve 10 and close the graphite outlet ball valve 9. Tap water enters the graphite pipe 47 under pressure and flows out from the spray gun for manual pipeline flushing. Continuous trial production and short-term shutdown do not require flushing.

[0087] A transparent hose is also connected to the tank wall through a right-angle quick-connect hose to form a liquid level gauge 8 using the principle of a communicating vessel. The amount of graphite milk in the power tank can be displayed through the position of the graphite milk in the hose to remind of feeding.

[0088] A discharge valve 23 is installed at the bottom of the tank body 7 for discharging the remaining materials stored in the tank. The outlet of the discharge valve 23 is connected with a hose quick connector, and a hose can be connected to discharge the remaining materials into a container. To clean the graphite tank, the upper water inlet ball valve can be opened, or compressed air can be passed through at the same time, and the cleaning effect will be better.

[0089] Two sets of reduced-diameter dies 34 face each other, and each is provided with a spraying actuator. The spraying actuator is installed inside the inner file of the top upright column 58 of the hydraulic press. The muzzles of the respective graphite spray guns 45 point to the large-hole ports of the respective reduced-diameter dies 34.

[0090] As Figure 7 、 Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the spraying actuator is divided into a vertical movement part and a horizontal movement part. The spraying actuator includes a vertical movement mechanism and a horizontal movement mechanism. The vertical movement mechanism includes a vertical fixed bracket 35, a vertical cylinder 36, a vertical guide rod 37, a vertical guide sleeve 38 and a tray 39. The two vertical cylinders 36 are respectively fixed on the vertical fixed bracket 35 through screws 36a. The front and rear ends of the two vertical fixed brackets 35 are respectively fixed between the two upper upright columns 58. The two trays 39 are respectively connected to the lower ends of the piston rods of the vertical cylinders 36 and are located behind the pressure center line of the hydraulic press.

[0091] A pair of vertical guide rods 37 are symmetrically located on both sides of the vertical cylinder 36. The middle sections of the vertical guide rods 37 are respectively inserted into the vertical guide sleeves 38. The two vertical guide sleeves 38 are respectively fixed on the vertical fixed bracket 35. The lower ends of the two vertical guide rods 37 are respectively connected to the tray 39.

[0092] The tray 39 is designed with a hollow structure to reduce the weight of the moving parts. It is generally in the shape of a dustpan. A tray connecting plate is provided at the top of the vertical wall. Three mounting holes are provided on the tray connecting plate. The middle hole is used to connect the piston rod of the vertical cylinder 36, and the two side holes are used to connect the vertical guide rods 37.

[0093] The lifting movement of the tray 39 is respectively driven by the vertical cylinder 36. A check valve is installed in the lower chamber of the vertical cylinder 36 to prevent the device from sliding down due to air leakage. The air inlet and outlet of the vertical cylinder 36 are both connected with exhaust speed control valves for adjusting the movement speed of the cylinder.

[0094] The up and down movement of the vertical cylinder 36 is respectively guided by the vertical guide rod 37 and the vertical guide sleeve 38. The guide sleeve is provided with a lubricating oil cup, a guide belt and a dust-proof ring.

[0095] The horizontal motion mechanism includes a horizontal cylinder 40 and a horizontal motion bracket 41. The horizontal cylinder 40 is respectively fixed under the tray 39 through a spray gun mounting block 46. The vertical walls of the horizontal motion bracket 41 are respectively connected to the free ends of the piston rods of the horizontal cylinder 40. Horizontal guide rods 44 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the horizontal cylinder 40. The free ends of the two horizontal guide rods 44 are respectively connected to the vertical walls of the horizontal motion bracket 41. The middle sections of the two horizontal guide rods 44 are respectively located in horizontal guide sleeves 42. The two horizontal guide sleeves 42 are respectively fixed under the tray 39 through horizontal guide sleeve mounting seats 43. A graphite spray gun 45 is fixed at the bottom of the horizontal motion bracket 41, and the muzzles of the graphite spray gun 45 respectively point to the center of the large hole end of the necking die 34.

[0096] The graphite spray gun 45 has two pipes, one for compressed air and one for graphite emulsion. Graphite pipes 47 and air pipes 48 are respectively connected to the nozzles of the graphite spray gun 45. There are adjusting screws on the side for connecting the graphite emulsion to adjust the flow rate. The angle seat valve 49 is fixed on the tray 39 to control the on-off of the graphite pipe 47. The opening of the angle seat valve 49 is controlled by the ventilation of a pneumatic solenoid valve. The angle seat valve 49 is not easily blocked and can be used for circulating fluid media. Each pneumatic solenoid valve is also fixed on the tray 39. Installing the solenoid valve for controlling graphite spraying and the angle seat valve 49 on the tray 39 can reduce the pipeline between the control valve and the spray gun, prevent the pipeline from being too long, and avoid excessive graphite emulsion remaining in the pipeline and dripping when not working.

[0097] The horizontal motion of the graphite spray gun 45 is driven by the horizontal cylinder 40. When the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 40 extends, it pushes the horizontal motion bracket 41 to translate. The accurate direction of translation is ensured by the guidance of the horizontal guide rod 44 and the horizontal guide sleeve 42. Two graphite spray guns 45 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the horizontal motion bracket 41. The horizontal motion bracket 41 drives the two graphite spray guns 45 to translate horizontally, and the muzzles of the two graphite spray guns 45 are correspondingly inserted into the large hole ports of the necking die 34 for graphite spraying. The stroke control of the cylinder relies on the detection of a magnetic switch attached to the cylinder. The spraying time is controlled by controlling the on-off time of the solenoid valve. At the same time, a needle-shaped throttle valve ZF1 is connected at the graphite emulsion outlet ball valve to adjust the flow rate.

[0098] The trachea 48 and the graphite tube 47 are independently connected to the spraying actuator. Since the trachea 48 and the graphite tube 47 connected to the actuator need to move along with the up and down movement of the vertical cylinder 36, a tensioning mechanism is used for tensioning. The tensioning mechanism includes two tensioning brackets 51. The bottoms of the two tensioning brackets 51 are respectively fixed on the cross plate, and the front and rear ends of the two cross plates are respectively fixed between the two upper columns 58. Vertically elongated slots 51a are symmetrically arranged on the two tensioning brackets 51. A movable pulley shaft 52a that can float up and down is inserted between the two vertically elongated slots 51a. A movable pulley 52 is installed in the middle section of the movable pulley shaft 52a. A U-shaped bracket 53 is suspended on the movable pulley shaft 52a, and a counterweight 54 is suspended at the center of the bottom of the U-shaped bracket 53; A fixed pulley 55 is installed on the protruding part above the tensioning bracket 51. The fixed pulley 55 and the movable pulley 52 are respectively provided with two grooves for installing the trachea 48 and the graphite tube 47, and the two hoses are respectively wound around the movable pulley 52 and the fixed pulley 55 in an S shape.

[0099] When the vertical cylinder 36 drives the tray 39 to lift and lower, the lengths of the trachea 48 and the graphite tube 47 will change. At this time, the movable pulley shaft 52a can float up and down along the vertically elongated slot 51a of the tensioning bracket 51 to store or release the hoses. The roller of the pulley is provided with two grooves respectively for clamping the trachea 48 and the graphite tube 47 so that the two hoses do not come out during the movement. A rolling bearing is provided inside the roller to reduce the running resistance of the roller, and the bearing is fastened by a gland.

[0100] The tray 39 is installed offset to one side. After the two graphite spray guns 45 move downward, they just align with the two necking die holes of the press. Before extrusion, the two die holes are sprayed with graphite emulsion, and multiple extrusions can be carried out after one spraying.

[0101] As Figure 9 shown, a pneumatic triple unit is installed on the air source pipeline of the compressed air. The outlet of the pneumatic triple unit is connected to the P ports of the five-way three-position solenoid valve one, the five-way three-position solenoid valve two, the five-way two-position solenoid valve, and the three-way two-position solenoid valve.

[0102] The A port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve one is connected to the rodless cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 through a speed control valve one, and the B port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve one is connected to the P port of the four-way two-position check valve D1 through a speed control valve two. The A port of the four-way two-position check valve D1 is connected to the rod cavity of the vertical cylinder 36;

[0103] The A port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve two is connected to the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through a speed control valve three, and the B port of the five-way three-position solenoid valve two is connected to the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through a speed control valve four J4;

[0104] The A port and the B port of the five-way two-position solenoid valve respectively control the on-off of the angle seat valve 49. The graphite tube is connected to the P port of the angle seat valve 49, and the A port of the angle seat valve 49 is respectively connected to the graphite interfaces of the two graphite spray guns 45 through a spring tube;

[0105] The A port of the two-way three-way solenoid valve is connected to the compressed air interfaces of two graphite spray guns 45 through a bellows tube. The angle seat valve 49, the three-way five-way solenoid valve two, the two-way five-way solenoid valve and the two-way three-way solenoid valve are all fixed on the tray.

[0106] Each solenoid valve can select SMC solenoid valves. The three-way five-way solenoid valve one and the three-way five-way solenoid valve two are both of the middle-position sealing plate type and can select the SY7320-5DZ-02 type; the two-way five-way solenoid valve is of the double-position single-electric control type, the angle seat valve 49 can select the 2JW15015Q50G type, and the speed control valve can select the AS2201FSG-02-10SA exhaust throttling type.

[0107] In the initial state, the graphite spraying mechanism retracts into the space of the upper column 58, the die holder 76 is located at the rear working position, and the intermediate clamping slider 63 is in the upper limit position.

[0108] The four-station automatic forging method of the present invention successively includes the following steps:

[0109] S1. The die holder 76 is located at the rear side of the hydraulic press and the reducing die 34 at the front side is located on the pressure center line. The left coil Y1 of the three-way five-way solenoid valve one is powered on, the P port is communicated with the A port, the B port is communicated with the exhaust port, and the compressed air enters the upper cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 through the speed control valve one J1; at the same time, the compressed air enters the Z port of the two-way four-way check valve D1 to make the A port and the P port of the two-way four-way check valve D1 conduct bidirectionally, and the lower cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 exhausts through the speed control valve two J2 and the B port of the three-way five-way solenoid valve one. The piston rod of the vertical cylinder 36 extends out, respectively driving the tray to descend, so that the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 are respectively aligned with the large hole ports of the corresponding reducing dies 34.

[0110] S2. The left coil Y5 of the three-way five-way solenoid valve two is powered on, the P port is communicated with the A port, the B port is communicated with the exhaust port, and the compressed air enters the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through the speed control valve three J3; the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 exhausts through the speed control valve four J4 and the B port of the three-way five-way solenoid valve two. The piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 40 extends out, respectively driving the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 to approach the reducing die 34, and the coil of the two-way three-way solenoid valve Y4 is powered on, the P port is communicated with the A port, and the compressed air enters the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 to make the muzzles blow air in advance.

[0111] S3. The coil of the five-port two-position solenoid valve Y3 is energized. The P port communicates with the A port, and the B port communicates with the exhaust port. Compressed air enters the right control port of the angle seat valve 49 to open the angle seat valve 49, and the pressurized graphite emulsion in the graphite emulsion power tank enters the graphite spray gun 45. Since the air is supplied first and then the graphite, as soon as the graphite channel is opened, it is immediately atomized by the compressed air blown in advance, avoiding the phenomenon of graphite jet caused by supplying graphite emulsion first and then compressed air. Under the dual action of high-pressure gas and graphite emulsion, the graphite is dispersed and atomized, and the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 spray graphite into each reduced-diameter die 34 synchronously.

[0112] S4. After spraying graphite for the set duration, the coil of the five-port two-position solenoid valve Y3 is de-energized. The P port communicates with the B port, and the A port communicates with the exhaust port. Compressed air enters the left control port of the angle seat valve 49 to close the angle seat valve 49, and the graphite spraying stops. At the same time, the right coil Y6 of the five-port three-position solenoid valve two is energized. The P port communicates with the B port, and the A port communicates with the exhaust port. Compressed air enters the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through the speed control valve four J4. The non-rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 exhausts through the speed control valve three J3 and the A port of the five-port three-position solenoid valve two, and the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 40 retracts, pulling the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 back respectively. During this process, the muzzles of the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 continue to blow air. The graphite emulsion in the graphite spray gun 45 is carried out and blown clean through the siphon effect of the gas, preventing the graphite emulsion remaining due to inaction for too long during shutdown from drying up and blocking the small holes of the spray gun.

[0113] S5. The coil of the three-port two-position solenoid valve Y4 is de-energized. The A port communicates with the R port, and the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 stop blowing air. And the right coil Y2 of the five-port three-position solenoid valve one is energized. The P port communicates with the B port, and the A port communicates with the exhaust port. At the same time, the Z port of the four-port two-position check valve D1 loses pressure, and the P port communicates with the A port unidirectionally. Compressed air enters the lower cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 through the speed control valve two J2. The upper cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 exhausts through the speed control valve one J1 and the A port of the five-port three-position solenoid valve one, and the piston rod of the vertical cylinder 36 retracts, and the tray rises and resets. The one-way communication of the four-port two-position check valve D1 can prevent the vertical mechanism from sliding down due to internal leakage of the solenoid valve and can also support the weight of the vertical mechanism.

[0114] S6. The manipulator places the workpiece 65 heated at both ends in the lower semicircle of the workpiece fixture 64;

[0115] S7. The manipulator withdraws, and the intermediate clamping cylinder 62 drives the pressing slider 63 to move downward. The upper semicircle and the lower semicircle of the workpiece fixture 64 enclose and press the workpiece 65;

[0116] S8. The two main cylinders 57 drive the main sliders 59 to fast forward synchronously, and the front reduced-diameter dies 34 on the pressure center line synchronously sleeve the two ends of the workpiece 65;

[0117] S9. The two master cylinders 57 are pressurized synchronously, and both ends of the workpiece 65 are extruded by the tapered holes of the front-side diameter-reducing die 34 to achieve the first diameter reduction.

[0118] S10. The two master cylinders 57 are depressurized synchronously.

[0119] S11. The two master cylinders 57 pull the master slide block 59 back synchronously.

[0120] S12. The die-changing cylinder 50 drives the die holder 76 forward, and the rear-side diameter-reducing die 34 stops on the pressure center line of the hydraulic press.

[0121] S14. The two master cylinders 57 are pressurized synchronously, and both ends of the workpiece 65 are extruded by the tapered holes of the rear-side diameter-reducing die 34 to achieve the second diameter reduction.

[0122] S15. The two master cylinders 57 are depressurized synchronously.

[0123] S16. The two master cylinders 57 pull the master slide block 59 back synchronously, and then the die-changing cylinder 50 pulls the die holder 76 back to its original position.

[0124] S17. The intermediate clamping cylinder 62 drives the clamping slide block 63 to return upward, and the upper semi-circle of the workpiece fixture 64 disengages from the workpiece 65.

[0125] S18. The manipulator takes out the workpiece 65 and then returns to step S1 to enter the next cycle.

[0126] The above is only the preferred and feasible embodiment of the present invention, which shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It is not intended to limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. Except for the above embodiments, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention can have other implementation manners. The present invention will also have various changes and improvements. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope required by the present invention. The protection scope required by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The technical features not described in the present invention can be realized by or adopted from the prior art, and will not be elaborated here.

Claims

1. A four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press, comprising crossbeams connected to the upper and lower columns at both ends, and main cylinders are respectively installed in the middle parts of the crossbeams, and the plungers of the two main cylinders are respectively connected to the driving ends of the main slider, and it is characterized in that: The working end faces of the main sliders are respectively provided with openings and are fitted with die bases capable of translating back and forth. Two die mounting holes are arranged side by side in the front-back direction on the two die bases. Reducing dies are respectively installed in the four die mounting holes, and each reducing die is respectively equipped with a graphite spray gun. An intermediate clamping cylinder is installed in the middle of the upper upright column. The lower end of the piston rod of the intermediate clamping cylinder is connected with a pressing slider. The top of the upper semi-circle of the workpiece fixture is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the pressing slider. The lower semi-circle of the workpiece fixture is fixed on the workbench through a fixture base, and the bottom of the workbench is fixed in the middle of the lower upright column. Two graphite spray guns form a group and are jointly fixed at the bottom of the horizontally moving bracket and respectively point to the centers of the large-hole ends of the reducing dies. The vertical walls of the horizontally moving bracket are respectively connected to the free ends of the piston rods of the horizontal cylinders. Horizontal guide rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the horizontal cylinder, and the free ends of the two horizontal guide rods are also respectively connected to the vertical walls of the horizontally moving bracket. The middle sections of the two horizontal guide rods are respectively located in horizontal guide sleeves, and the two horizontal guide sleeves are respectively fixed below the corresponding trays. The horizontal cylinder is fixed on the corresponding tray, and the tray is located behind the pressure center line of the hydraulic press. The tray is fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston rod of the corresponding vertical cylinder. The two vertical cylinders are respectively fixed on the vertical fixed brackets, and the front and rear ends of the two vertical fixed brackets are respectively fixed between the two upper upright columns. Vertical guide rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical cylinder, the middle sections of the vertical guide rods are respectively inserted into vertical guide sleeves, and the two vertical guide sleeves are respectively fixed on the vertical fixed brackets. The lower ends of the two vertical guide rods are respectively connected to the tray. The air pipe and the graphite pipe following the lifting of the tray are both flexible hoses and are tensioned by a tensioning mechanism. The tensioning mechanism includes two tensioning brackets. The bottoms of the two tensioning brackets are respectively fixed on the cross plate, and the front and rear ends of the two cross plates are respectively fixed between the two upper upright columns. Vertically long slots are symmetrically arranged on the two tensioning brackets. A movable pulley shaft that can float up and down is respectively inserted between the two vertically long slots. Movable pulleys are respectively installed in the middle sections of the two movable pulley shafts. U-shaped brackets are respectively suspended on the two movable pulley shafts. Counterweight blocks are respectively suspended at the centers of the bottoms of the U-shaped brackets. Fixed pulleys are respectively installed on the protruding parts above the two tensioning brackets. The air pipe and the graphite pipe are respectively wound around the movable pulley and the fixed pulley in an S shape.

2. The four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press according to claim 1, wherein: The outlet of the pneumatic triple unit is connected to the P ports of the three-position five-way solenoid valve 1, the three-position five-way solenoid valve 2, the two-position five-way solenoid valve, and the two-position three-way solenoid valve. The A port of the three-position five-way solenoid valve 1 is connected to the rodless cavity of the vertical cylinder through a speed control valve 1. The B port of the three-position five-way solenoid valve 1 is connected to the P port of the two-position four-way check valve through a speed control valve 2. The A port of the two-position four-way check valve is connected to the rod cavity of the vertical cylinder. The A port of the three-position five-way solenoid valve 2 is connected to the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed control valve 3. The B port of the three-position five-way solenoid valve 2 is connected to the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed control valve 4. The A port and the B port of the two-position five-way solenoid valve respectively control the on-off of the angle seat valve. The graphite pipe is connected to the P port of the angle seat valve. The A port of the angle seat valve is respectively connected to the graphite interfaces of the two graphite spray guns through spring pipes. The A port of the two-position three-way solenoid valve is connected to the compressed air interface of the two graphite spray guns through a spring tube. The angle seat valve, the second three-position five-way solenoid valve, the two-position five-way solenoid valve and the two-position three-way solenoid valve are all fixed on the tray.

3. The four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press according to claim 1, wherein: The graphite of the graphite spray gun is provided by a graphite emulsion power tank, the top of the tank body of the graphite emulsion power tank is covered with a detachable tank body top cover, a stirring reducer is installed in the center of the tank body top cover, the output end of the stirring reducer is connected to a stirring shaft, and the lower end of the stirring shaft is provided with a paddle; a feeding hole and an air inlet quick-connector are provided on the tank body top cover, the feeding hole is covered with a feeding hole sealing cover, the upper side wall of the tank body is connected to a release ball valve and a water inlet ball valve, and the inner end of the connecting pipe of the water inlet ball valve is provided with an atomizing nozzle; the lower side wall of the tank body is connected to a graphite outlet ball valve, the outlet of the graphite outlet ball valve is connected to the inlet of the graphite tube and the outlet of the flushing ball valve, and the inlet of the flushing ball valve is connected to a clean water pipe.

4. The four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower parts of the two mold bases and the main slider are guided by guide flat keys extending in the front-to-back direction; the tops of the mold bases are respectively provided with mold base support ears, and the mold base support ears are respectively hinged to the free ends of the piston rods of the mold changing cylinders. The mold changing cylinders extend in the front-to-back direction and the bottoms are fixed on the corresponding main sliders.

5. The four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press according to claim 1, wherein: A pair of slider rollers are respectively installed below the front and rear sides of the main slider, and the slider rollers are respectively supported on roller guide rails, and the roller guide rails are fixed on the top of the lower column.

6. The four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press according to claim 1, wherein: Water jackets are respectively installed in the mold mounting holes of the mold base, and the reducing molds are respectively installed in the inner holes of the water jackets. The outer side of the mold base is provided with cooling water inlet and outlet holes that communicate with the outer wall of the water jacket; the outer wall of the water jacket is provided with a spiral groove coiled along the cylindrical surface, and the two ends of the water jacket are sealed with high-temperature resistant fluororubber rings from the mold base.

7. The four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure pad is provided between the rear side of the mold base and the main slider, and limit pressure plates are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the front end surface of the main slider, and L-shaped limits are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the limit pressure plates; the four corners of the clamping slider are respectively provided with clamping guide rods, and each clamping guide rod passes through the corresponding guide sleeve of the clamping bracket, and the clamping bracket is respectively fixed between the front and rear upper columns.

8. A four-station automatic forging method, which uses the four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press described in any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1. The die base is located at the rear side of the hydraulic press and the front diameter reduction die is located on the pressure center line. The vertical cylinders drive the trays down respectively, so that the two groups of graphite spray guns are respectively aimed at the large hole ports of the corresponding diameter reduction die; S2, the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder extends, driving two groups of graphite spray guns to approach the diameter reduction die, and the gun muzzles blow air in advance; S3, two groups of graphite spray guns spray graphite into each diameter reduction mold synchronously; S4, graphite spraying stops, the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder retracts, and the two groups of graphite spray guns are pulled back respectively, while the muzzles continue to blow air; S5, the two groups of graphite spray guns stop blowing, and the vertical cylinders drive the trays to rise and reset; S6, the manipulator places the workpiece with both ends heated in the lower semicircle of the workpiece fixture; S7, the manipulator exits, the middle clamping cylinder drives the pressing slide downward, the upper semicircle and the lower semicircle of the workpiece fixture are enclosed and the workpiece is pressed; S8. The two main cylinders drive the main slider to fast forward synchronously, and the front side reduced-diameter dies on the pressure center line are synchronously sleeved onto both ends of the workpiece. S9. The two main cylinders pressurize synchronously, and both ends of the workpiece are extruded by the tapered holes of the front side reduced-diameter dies to achieve one-time diameter reduction. S10. The two main cylinders relieve pressure synchronously. S11. The two main cylinders pull the main slider to retract synchronously. S12. The die-changing cylinder drives the die holder forward, and the rear side reduced-diameter die reaches the pressure center line of the hydraulic press and stops. S13. The two main cylinders drive the main slider to fast forward synchronously, and the rear side reduced-diameter dies on the pressure center line are synchronously sleeved onto both ends of the workpiece. S14. The two main cylinders pressurize synchronously, and both ends of the workpiece are extruded by the tapered holes of the rear side reduced-diameter dies to achieve secondary diameter reduction. S15. The two main cylinders relieve pressure synchronously. S16. The two main cylinders pull the main slider to retract synchronously, and then the die-changing cylinder pulls the die holder backward to reset. S17. The intermediate clamping cylinder drives the clamping slider to return upward, and the upper semi-circle of the workpiece fixture disengages from the workpiece. S18. The manipulator takes out the workpiece.

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