A polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control

Abstract

A polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation can directly replace different pumping and detection optical paths by setting a pumping optical path matching structure and a detection optical path selection structure on the main structure of the device, thereby realizing the combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, facilitating the verification of the optimal combination scheme and improving experimental efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of atomic spin inertia measurement and relates to compensation for polarizability gradients of alkali metal atoms and noble gas atoms. In particular, it provides a detection and suppression structure for atomic spin polarization gradients. By providing a pumping light path matching structure and a detection light path selection structure on the main structure of the device, different pumping and detection light paths can be directly replaced, thereby realizing the matching and combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, facilitating the verification of the optimal combination scheme and improving experimental efficiency. Background Art

[0002] The spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic spin inertial measurement device is an angular velocity measurement device that has been continuously developed for half a century. By leveraging the unique advantages of quantum precision measurement, it is expected to achieve higher inertial measurement sensitivity. The SERF atomic spin inertial measurement device uses a light field to polarize atomic spins, giving the atomic ensemble a macroscopic polarization direction. When polarized atoms collide with other atoms, collide with the glass wall that supports the atoms, or when polarized atoms move in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, it will lead to a loss of polarization intensity, which is called atomic spin relaxation.

[0003] This device features strongly coupled alkali metal atomic spins and noble gas atomic spins. When an external angular velocity is applied, the atomic ensemble exhibits precession, generating an alkali metal atomic spin polarization component that carries rotational information. The device also exhibits nuclear spin self-compensation, allowing the noble gas atomic spins to offset external magnetic field fluctuations to a certain extent, resulting in more stable inertial measurement information. The device utilizes the Faraday effect of light to measure angular velocity by converting the aforementioned polarization component into optical rotation angles. The polarization direction of the atomic spins is defined as longitudinal, while the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is collectively referred to as transverse. Research has shown that a polarization gradient in the transverse direction of the atomic spins induces a longitudinal relaxation rate, reducing the longitudinal polarization rate and affecting the precession during measurement. Conversely, a polarization gradient in the longitudinal direction of the atomic spins induces a transverse relaxation rate, attenuating the transverse polarization rate and weakening the atomic ensemble's nuclear spin self-compensation capability, effectively reducing its ability to suppress external magnetic field fluctuations. Fluctuations in the transverse polarization rate also affect the stability of the measurement signal. Therefore, it is necessary to try to reduce the relaxation rate, maintain the polarizability of atomic spins, and suppress the polarization gradient in order to improve the stability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0004] Atomic spin polarization gradients are an important source of atomic relaxation, including spin polarization gradients of alkali metal atoms and spin polarization gradients of noble gas atoms. The latter is caused by the former, and the gradient is often reduced by increasing the density of noble gas atoms. Therefore, the former is the main source of polarization gradients, and it is mainly caused by the absorption of pump light by alkali metal atoms. Currently, there are few structures for observing and suppressing polarization gradients. Generally, a translational detection light field is used to detect the polarization intensity at different spatial positions of the atomic ensemble. The experimental operation is complex, inefficient, and unstable. Magnetic field means are generally used to suppress polarization gradients, which rely on introducing a new magnetic field gradient to compensate for the current polarization gradient. The structure is simple but the effect is not significant. Therefore, it is necessary to try a more reliable structure to observe the atomic spin polarization gradient and suppress it. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing atomic spin inertial measurement devices in detecting and suppressing atomic spin polarization gradient structures, and provide a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation. By arranging a pumping light path matching structure and a detection light path selection structure on the main structure of the device, different pumping and detection light paths can be directly replaced, thereby realizing the matching and combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, facilitating the verification of the optimal combination scheme, and improving experimental efficiency.

[0006] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation is characterized in that it includes a main device structure with an atomic gas chamber carrying device centrally arranged, pumping light path matching structures are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the atomic gas chamber carrying device, and a detection light path selection structure is distributed on the right side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device, so as to directly replace different pumping and detection light paths, realize the matching combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, and thus verify the optimal combination scheme to improve experimental efficiency.

[0008] The pumping light path matching structure includes a first pumping light path base plate located on the upper side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device, and a second pumping light path base plate or a third pumping light path base plate located on the lower side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device. The first pumping light path base plate is installed on the upper surface of the main structure of the device. The second pumping light path base plate and the third pumping light path base plate both have a unified installation interface combined with the upper surface of the main structure of the device to realize the matching use of the first pumping light path and the second pumping light path, or the first pumping light path and the third pumping light path. The detection light path selection structure includes a first detection light path base plate or a second detection light path base plate located on the right side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device. The first detection light path base plate and the second detection light path base plate both have the same installation interface combined with the upper surface of the main structure of the device to realize the selection and use of the first detection light path or the second detection light path. The detection light path is used to detect the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble, and the pumping light path is used to suppress the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble. The atomic gas chamber on the atomic gas chamber carrying device is used to carry the atomic ensemble.

[0009] The main structure of the device is located on the device housing base, and the device housing cover of the device housing is fixed to the housing connecting plate by countersunk screws around the housing. A sealing rubber ring is provided between the device housing cover and the housing connecting plate.

[0010] The first pumping light path base plate includes a fiber collimator mounting plate, a Glan Taylor prism mounting frame, a first polarization beam splitter prism mounting frame, a first lens mounting frame, a second lens mounting frame, a first diffuser mounting frame, a second diffuser mounting frame, a first reflector, a first optical spacer mounting frame and a first wave plate mounting frame, which are connected in series in sequence and are adapted to the first pumping light path. A first photodetector bracket is provided on the side of the first optical spacer mounting frame.

[0011] The second pumping light path base plate includes a second reflector adapted to the second pumping light path. When the first pumping light path and the second pumping light path are used in combination, the second reflector causes the first pumping light to pass through the atomic ensemble along the positive direction of the Z axis and then undergo positive reflection, and then pass through the atomic ensemble again along the negative direction of the Z axis as the second pumping light.

[0012] The third pumping light path base plate includes a third reflector, a third lens mounting frame, a fourth lens mounting frame, a third diffuser mounting frame, a fourth diffuser mounting frame, a fourth reflector, a second optical spacer mounting frame, and a second wave plate mounting frame, which are connected in series in sequence and are adapted to the third pumping light path. When the first pumping light path and the third pumping light path are used in combination, the first polarization beam splitter prism mounting frame cooperates with the third reflector to form a first pumping light that is incident on the atomic ensemble in the positive direction along the Z axis and a third pumping light that is incident on the atomic ensemble in the negative direction along the Z axis.

[0013] The first detection light path bottom plate includes a third wave plate mounting bracket, a Wollaston prism and a second photodetector bracket connected in series in sequence and adapted to the first detection light. The second photodetector is used to receive the detection light incident on the atomic gas chamber in the positive direction of the X-axis, and adopts a balanced differential detection method to realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function.

[0014] The second detection light path bottom plate includes a fourth wave plate mounting bracket and a second polarization beam splitter prism connected in series in sequence and adapted to the second detection light. The second polarization beam splitter prism is respectively connected to a third array photodetector bracket and a fourth array photodetector bracket. The third array photodetector and the fourth array photodetector are used to receive the detection light incident from the atomic gas chamber in the positive direction of the X-axis, and an array detector detection method is used to realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function.

[0015] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation, which is mainly composed of a first pumping optical path, a second pumping optical path, a third pumping optical path, a first detection optical path, and a second detection optical path. The detection optical path is used to detect the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble, and the pumping optical path is used to suppress the polarization gradient. When the first and second pumping optical paths are used in combination, a beam of pumping light can be reflected positively after passing through the atomic ensemble and thus pass through the atomic ensemble again, and two beams of pumping light can also be manipulated to be incident on the atomic ensemble positively and negatively; when the first and third pumping optical paths are used in combination, a beam of pumping light can be split and incident on the atomic ensemble from both positive and negative sides; the first detection optical path can be equipped with two conventional photodetectors to realize the balanced differential detection function; the second detection optical path can be equipped with two types of array photodetectors for detection output. The structure of the present invention is easy to install, simple to align, reliable in experiment, each component is firmly positioned, and has a certain degree of adjustment freedom. By designing a unified installation interface, different pumping and detection optical paths can be directly replaced, thereby realizing the combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, facilitating the verification of the optimal combination scheme and improving experimental efficiency.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, this invention provides a more reliable polarization gradient detection and suppression structure, utilizing light fields to manipulate atomic ensembles. By designing and combining different optical path structures, it can meet the needs of various gradient detection and suppression schemes. Each optical path structure is simple to assemble, facilitating alignment and replacement, reducing operational complexity and improving experimental efficiency. Each component is reliably positioned and highly stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a simplified diagram of the overall structure of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is an isometric view of the first pumping light path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is an isometric view of a second pumping optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is an isometric view of the third pumping optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is an isometric view of a first detection optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is an isometric view of a second detection optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 The present invention provides a three-view and isometric view of a device housing for implementing a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation.

[0024] The reference numerals are as follows: 101 - Main structure of the device, 102 - First pumping optical path, 103 - Second pumping optical path, 104 - Third pumping optical path, 105 - First detection optical path, 106 - Second detection optical path, 107 - Device housing base, 108 - Atomic gas chamber. 201 - First pumping optical path base plate, 202 - Fiber collimator and mounting plate, 203 - Glan-Taylor prism mounting bracket, 204 - First polarization beam splitter prism mounting bracket, 205 - First lens mounting bracket, 206 - Second lens mounting bracket, 207 - First diffuser mounting bracket, 208 - Second diffuser mounting bracket, 209 - First reflector, 210 - First photodetector bracket, 211 - First optical spacer mounting bracket, 212 - First wave plate mounting bracket. 301 - Second pumping optical path base plate, 302 - Second reflector. 401 - Third pumping optical path base plate, 402 - Third reflector, 403 - Third lens mount, 404 - Fourth lens mount, 405 - Third diffuser mount, 406 - Fourth diffuser mount, 407 - Fourth reflector, 408 - Second optical barrier mount, 409 - Second waveplate mount. 501 - First detection optical path base plate, 502 - Third waveplate mount, 503 - Wollaston prism, 504 - Second photodetector mount. 601 - Second detection optical path base plate, 602 - Fourth waveplate mount, 603 - Second polarization beam splitter prism, 604 - Third photodetector array mount, 605 - Fourth photodetector array mount. 701 - Housing connection plate, 702 - Sealing rubber ring, 703 - Device housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Below is the attached figure ( Figure 1-Figure 7 ) and Examples illustrate the present invention.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a simplified diagram of the overall structure of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention. Figure 2 It is an isometric view of the first pumping light path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention. Figure 3 It is an isometric view of a second pumping optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention. Figure 4 It is an isometric view of the third pumping optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention. Figure 5 It is an isometric view of a first detection optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention. Figure 6 It is an isometric view of a second detection optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention. Figure 7 The three-view and isometric views of the housing of a device for implementing a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control of the present invention. Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation includes a main device structure 101 with an atomic gas chamber carrying device (carrying the atomic gas chamber 108) arranged in the center, and pumping light path matching structures (the matching of the first pumping light path 102 and the second pumping light path 103; the matching of the first pumping light path 102 and the third pumping light path 104) are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the atomic gas chamber carrying device. The right side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device is distributed with a detection light path selection structure (selecting the first detection light path 105 or the second detection light path 106) so that different pumping and detection light paths can be directly replaced to realize the matching combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, thereby verifying the best combination scheme to improve experimental efficiency.

[0027] The pumping optical path matching structure includes a first pumping optical path base plate 201 located on the upper side of the atomic gas cell carrier device, and a second pumping optical path base plate 301 or a third pumping optical path base plate 401 located on the lower side of the atomic gas cell carrier device. The first pumping optical path base plate 201 is installed on the upper surface of the device main structure 101. The second pumping optical path base plate 301 and the third pumping optical path base plate 401 both have a unified installation interface combined with the upper surface of the device main structure 101 to realize the first pumping optical path 102 and the second pumping optical path 103, or the first pumping optical path 102 and the third pumping optical path 104. The detection light path selection structure includes a first detection light path base plate 401 or a second detection light path base plate 501 located on the right side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device, and the first detection light path base plate 401 and the second detection light path base plate 501 both have the same mounting interface combined with the upper surface of the main structure 101 of the device to realize the selection of the first detection light path 105 or the second detection light path 106. The detection light path is used to detect the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble, and the pumping light path is used to suppress the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble. The atomic gas chamber 108 on the atomic gas chamber carrying device is used to carry the atomic ensemble.

[0028] The device main structure 101 is located on the device housing base 107 , and the device housing cover of the device housing 703 is fixed to the housing connecting plate 701 by countersunk screws around the housing. A sealing rubber ring 702 is provided between the device housing cover and the housing connecting plate 701 .

[0029] The first pumping optical path base plate 201 includes a fiber collimator mounting plate 202, a Glan Taylor prism mounting frame 203, a first polarization beam splitter prism mounting frame 204, a first lens mounting frame 205, a second lens mounting frame 206, a first diffuser mounting frame 207, a second diffuser mounting frame 208, a first reflector 209, a first optical spacer mounting frame 211, and a first wave plate mounting frame 212, which are connected in series in sequence. A first photodetector bracket 210 is provided on the side of the first optical spacer mounting frame 211. The second pumping optical path base plate 301 includes a second reflector 302, which is compatible with the second pumping optical path. When the first pumping optical path 102 and the second pumping optical path 103 are used in combination, the second reflector 302 causes the first pumping light to pass through the atomic ensemble along the positive direction of the Z axis and then be reflected positively, so that the second pumping light passes through the atomic ensemble again along the negative direction of the Z axis. The third pumping light path base plate 401 includes a third reflector 402, a third lens mount 403, a fourth lens mount 404, a third diffuser mount 405, a fourth diffuser mount 406, a fourth reflector 407, a second optical barrier mount 408, and a second wave plate mount 409, which are connected in series in sequence and adapted to the third pumping light path. When the first pumping light path 102 and the third pumping light path 104 are used in combination, the first polarization beam splitter prism mount 204 cooperates with the third reflector 402 to form a first pumping light incident on the atomic ensemble in the positive direction along the Z axis and a third pumping light incident on the atomic ensemble in the negative direction along the Z axis.

[0030] The first detection light path base plate 501 includes a third wave plate mounting bracket 502, a Wollaston prism 503, and a second photodetector bracket 504, which are connected in series and adapted to the first detection light. The second photodetector is used to receive the detection light from the atomic gas cell 108 in the positive direction of the X-axis, and adopts a balanced differential detection method to realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function. The second detection light path base plate 601 includes a fourth wave plate mounting bracket 602 and a second polarization beam splitter prism 603, which are connected in series and adapted to the second detection light. The second polarization beam splitter prism 603 is respectively connected to a third array photodetector bracket 604 and a fourth array photodetector bracket 605. The third array photodetector and the fourth array photodetector are used to receive the detection light from the atomic gas cell 108 in the positive direction of the X-axis, and adopt an array detector detection method to realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function.

[0031] A polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation is mainly composed of a first pumping optical path, a second pumping optical path, a third pumping optical path, a first detection optical path, and a second detection optical path. The detection optical path is used to detect the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble, and the pumping optical path is used to suppress the polarization gradient. When the first and second pumping optical paths are used in combination, a beam of pumping light can be reflected positively after passing through the atomic ensemble and thus pass through the atomic ensemble again, and two beams of pumping light can also be manipulated to be incident on the atomic ensemble positively and negatively; when the first and third pumping optical paths are used in combination, a beam of pumping light can be split and incident on the atomic ensemble from both positive and negative sides; the first detection optical path can be equipped with two conventional photodetectors to realize the balanced differential detection function; the second detection optical path can be equipped with two types of array-type photodetectors for detection output. The structure of the present invention is easy to install, simple to align, reliable in experiment, each component is firmly positioned, and has a certain degree of adjustment freedom. By designing a unified installation interface, different pumping and detection optical paths can be directly replaced, thereby realizing the combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, facilitating the verification of the optimal combination scheme and improving experimental efficiency.

[0032] Figure 1 It is an assembly structure for implementing a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation of the present invention, including a main structure 101 of the device, a first pumping optical path 102, a second pumping optical path 103, a third pumping optical path 104, a first detection optical path 105, a second detection optical path 106, a device housing base 107, an atomic gas chamber 108 and other components. Among them, components 102 to 107 are all fixed to the main structure 101 of the device by screws. The atomic gas chamber 108 is used to carry the atomic ensemble and is also clamped on the main structure 101 of the device, and is designed to ensure alignment with the pumping and detection optical paths. The second pumping optical path 103 (see Figure 3 ), the third pumping optical path 104 (see Figure 4 ) have the same mounting interface on the main structure 101 of the device and are installed at the same position in the overall assembly. The subassembly can be installed according to the experimental needs to test the effects of different polarization gradient suppression schemes. Similarly, the first detection optical path 105 (see Figure 5 ), the second detection optical path 106 (see Figure 6 ) share the same mounting interface and are installed in the same location within the overall assembly. Experimental requirements dictate which subassembly to install, allowing for testing the effectiveness of different polarization gradient detection schemes. This unified mounting interface allows for straightforward replacement of different pumping and detection optical paths, enabling the combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes. This facilitates verification of the optimal combination and improves experimental efficiency.

[0033] Figure 2This embodiment of the present invention implements the first pumping optical path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on optical field manipulation. The first pumping optical path 102 includes a first pumping optical path base plate 201, a fiber collimator and mounting plate 202, a Glan Taylor prism mount 203, a first polarization beam splitter prism mount 204, a first lens mount 205, a second lens mount 206, a first diffuser mount 207, a second diffuser mount 208, a first reflector 209, a first photodetector bracket 210, a first optical spacer mount 211, and a first wave plate mount 212. Components 202-212 are secured to the first pumping optical path base plate 201 via screws. The base plate is designed with positioning ridges for component alignment and an array of threaded holes for easy movement along the positioning ridges. Specifically, the fiber collimator and mounting plate 202 are secured together via positioning pins and threads, allowing them to be installed as a single unit and freely move in one direction. The first reflector 209 is also composed of a reflector frame and its mounting plate, and is connected by positioning pins and threads so that the reflector forms a 45-degree angle with the side of the mounting plate. It is also installed as a whole and has one degree of freedom of movement and two degrees of freedom of rotation to facilitate the adjustment of the spatial position of the reflector surface, thereby changing the direction of the reflected light beam. Figure 1 As shown, the first pumping optical path 102 is installed on the main structure 101 of the device, and the optical fiber pumping light is introduced into the device through the optical fiber collimator and the mounting plate 202. It is transmitted by the optical devices installed on 203 to 208, reflected by the first reflector 209, and transmitted by the optical elements on 211 and 212, and is incident on the atomic gas chamber 108 from the positive direction of the Z axis, thereby realizing the forward pumping of the atomic ensemble by the first pumping optical path.

[0034] Figure 3 The second pumping optical path 103 of the polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control of the present invention comprises a second pumping optical path base plate 301 and a second reflector 302. The bottom mounting plate of the second reflector is provided with a fixing groove and is fixed to the surface of the second reflector by screws, thereby realizing the normal reflection function of the light emitted by the atomic ensemble. Figure 1 As shown, when the second pumping optical path 103 is mounted on the main structure 101 of the device, it can positively reflect the pumping light provided by the first pumping optical path 102 along the positive Z-axis, causing it to pass through the atomic ensemble again along the negative Z-axis and be lost at the first optical isolation mounting bracket 211, thereby achieving two round trips for pumping atoms with one pumping light beam. In addition, components 202-212 can also be mounted on the second pumping optical path base plate 301, thus introducing a second pumping light beam outside the first pumping optical path. This pumping light is incident on the atomic gas cell 108 from the negative Z-axis direction. When used in conjunction with the first pumping optical path 102, two pumping light beams can be incident on the atomic ensemble with both positive and negative incident light.

[0035] Figure 4It is a third pumping light path of a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation according to the present invention. The third pumping light path 104 includes a third pumping light path base plate 401, a third reflector 402, a third lens mounting frame 403, a fourth lens mounting frame 404, a third diffuser mounting frame 405, a fourth diffuser mounting frame 406, a fourth reflector 407, a second optical spacer mounting frame 408, and a second wave plate mounting frame 409. Components 402 to 408 are all fixed to the third pumping light path base plate 401 by screws and have at least one degree of adjustment freedom. The first polarization beam splitter prism mounting frame 204 is used in conjunction with the third reflector 402 to split a beam of pumping light and then inject it into the atomic ensemble from both the positive and negative sides. Figure 1 As shown, when the third pumping light path 104 is installed on the main structure 101 of the device and is used in conjunction with the first pumping light path 102, the fiber pumping light is introduced through the fiber collimator and the mounting plate 202, and is then split by the PBS on the first polarization beam splitter mounting bracket 204. One beam of transmitted light is incident on the atomic ensemble in the positive direction of the Z axis to pump the atomic ensemble, while the other beam of reflected light is reflected twice by the components installed on 402 to 408 and then is incident on the atomic ensemble in the negative direction of the Z axis, so that one beam of pumping light is incident on the atomic ensemble from both the positive and negative sides after being split.

[0036] Figure 5 It is the first detection optical path of the polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation of the present invention. The first detection optical path 105 includes a first detection optical path base plate 501, a third wave plate mounting bracket 502, a Wollaston prism 503, and a second photodetector bracket 504. Components 502 and 504 are fixed to the first detection base plate 501 by screws, and the Wollaston prism 503 is placed in the mounting groove of the first detection optical path base plate 501 and fixed by glue. The second photodetector bracket 504 can be moved to a suitable position along the array threaded hole on the first detection base plate 501 and fixed to ensure that the two photodetectors installed thereon can receive the two light beams emitted from the Wollaston prism 503. Figure 1 As shown, when the first detection optical path 105 is installed on the main structure 101 of the device, it is used to receive the detection light incident from the X-axis positive direction on the atomic gas chamber 108, and process the detection light carrying atomic information through the components 502 to 504 installed thereon, and realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function by using the balanced differential detection method.

[0037] Figure 6It is a second detection optical path for implementing a polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation of the present invention. The second detection optical path 106 includes a second detection optical path base plate 601, a fourth wave plate mounting bracket 602, a second polarization beam splitter prism 603, a third array photodetector bracket 604, and a fourth array photodetector bracket 605. Components 602, 604, and 605 are fixed to the second detection optical path base plate 601 by screws, and the second polarization beam splitter prism is placed in the mounting groove of the second detection optical path base plate 601 and fixed by gluing. Brackets 604 and 605 are designed for different types of array photodetectors, so they can be used together or only one of them can be used. Figure 1 As shown, when the second detection optical path 106 is installed on the main structure 101 of the device, it is used to receive the detection light incident from the X-axis positive direction on the atomic gas chamber 108, and process the detection light carrying atomic information through the components 602 to 605 installed thereon, and realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function by using the array detector detection method.

[0038] Figure 7 This device housing implements the polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field manipulation according to the present invention. The housing base 107 includes a housing connecting plate 701, a sealing rubber ring 702, and a device housing 703. The sealing rubber ring 702 is installed in a sealing groove in the housing connecting plate 701 and is slightly higher than the groove. The device housing 703 covers the housing connecting plate 701 and compresses the sealing rubber ring 702 to ensure airtightness. Countersunk screws around the perimeter of the housing secure the housing 703 cover to the housing connecting plate 701, ensuring a smooth surface.

[0039] A polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field regulation is mainly composed of a first pumping optical path, a second pumping optical path, a third pumping optical path, a first detection optical path, and a second detection optical path. The detection optical path is used to detect the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble, and the pumping optical path is used to suppress the polarization gradient. When the first and second pumping optical paths are used in combination, a beam of pumping light can be reflected positively after passing through the atomic ensemble and thus pass through the atomic ensemble again, and two beams of pumping light can also be manipulated to be incident on the atomic ensemble positively and negatively; when the first and third pumping optical paths are used in combination, a beam of pumping light can be split and incident on the atomic ensemble from both positive and negative sides; the first detection optical path can be equipped with two conventional photodetectors to realize the balanced differential detection function; the second detection optical path can be equipped with two types of array-type photodetectors for detection output. The structure of the present invention is easy to install, simple to align, reliable in experiment, each component is firmly positioned, and has a certain degree of adjustment freedom. By designing a unified installation interface, different pumping and detection optical paths can be directly replaced, thereby realizing the combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, facilitating the verification of the optimal combination scheme and improving experimental efficiency.

[0040] All components are mounted on the main structure of the device to ensure a uniform installation and alignment of the optical components and the atomic ensemble. The second and third pump optical paths share the same mounting interface on the main structure and are installed in the same position within the overall assembly. Experimental requirements allow for the determination of which subassembly to install, allowing for testing the effectiveness of different polarization gradient suppression schemes. Similarly, the first and second detection optical paths share the same mounting interface and are installed in the same position within the overall assembly. Experimental requirements allow for the determination of which subassembly to install, allowing for testing the effectiveness of different polarization gradient detection schemes.

[0041] The base plates of the first, second, and third pumping paths are designed with locating ridges for component alignment and an array of threaded holes for easy movement along the ridges. The fiber collimator and mounting plate are secured together via locating pins and threads. They are installed as a single unit and can move freely in one direction. The first reflector, consisting of a reflector frame and its mounting plate, is connected via locating pins and threads, aligning the reflector at a 45-degree angle to the side of the mounting plate. It is also installed as a single unit and has one degree of freedom of movement and two degrees of freedom of rotation, allowing for easy adjustment of the spatial position of the reflector surface and thus changing the direction of the reflected beam. The second reflector has a fixing slot on its bottom mounting plate and is screwed to the surface of the second pumping path base plate, enabling regular reflection of the light emitted by the atomic ensemble. Components of the first pumping path can also be mounted on the second pumping path base plate, enabling two pump beams to be incident on the atomic ensemble, either forward or reverse. Components of the third pumping path are all secured to the third pumping path base plate via screws and have at least one degree of freedom of adjustment. The first polarization beam splitter prism mounting bracket is used in conjunction with the third reflecting mirror to enable a beam of pump light to enter the atomic ensemble from both the positive and negative sides.

[0042] The first pumping optical path is mounted on the main structure of the device. Fiber-optic pump light is introduced into the device via a fiber collimator and mounting plate. Transmission and reflection from the optical components mounted on the first pumping optical path allow it to enter the atomic gas cell in the positive Z-direction, thus achieving positive pumping of the atomic ensemble by the first pumping optical path. When the second pumping optical path is mounted on the main structure of the device, it can positively reflect the pumping light provided by the first pumping optical path, which is incident in the positive Z-direction, causing it to pass through the atomic ensemble again in the negative Z-direction and be lost at the first optical isolation mounting bracket. This allows a single pumping light beam to pump the atoms twice. Furthermore, components on the baseplate of the first pumping optical path can be mounted on the baseplate of the second pumping optical path, introducing a second pumping light beam outside the first pumping optical path. This pumping light enters the atomic gas cell in the negative Z-direction and, when used in conjunction with the first pumping optical path, achieves both positive and negative injection of two pumping light beams into the atomic ensemble. When the third pumping optical path is installed on the main structure of the device and used in conjunction with the first pumping optical path, the fiber pumping light is introduced through the fiber collimator and the mounting plate, and then split by the PBS on the first polarization beam splitter mounting bracket. One beam of transmitted light is incident on the atomic ensemble in the positive direction of the Z axis to pump the atomic ensemble, while the other beam of reflected light is reflected twice by the components installed on the third pumping optical path and then enters the atomic ensemble in the negative direction of the Z axis, so that one beam of pumping light is incident on the atomic ensemble from both the positive and negative sides after being split.

[0043] The first and second detection optical path baseplates are designed with arrays of threaded holes, allowing the photodetector brackets to be moved along the holes to a suitable position and fixed, ensuring that the various photodetectors mounted thereon can receive the two beams emitted from the Wollaston or polarization beam splitter prisms. The third and fourth array photodetector brackets are designed for different types of array photodetectors, allowing them to be used in combination or with only one type.

[0044] When the first detection optical path is mounted on the main structure of the device, it receives the detection light from the atomic gas cell in the positive direction of the X-axis. The detection light carrying atomic information is processed by the components mounted on the first detection optical path, and the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function is realized using the balanced differential detection method. When the second detection optical path is mounted on the main structure of the device, it receives the detection light from the atomic gas cell in the positive direction of the X-axis. The detection light carrying atomic information is processed by the components mounted on the second detection optical path, and the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function is realized using the array detector detection method.

[0045] The housing is designed with a sealing rubber ring, which is installed in the sealing groove of the housing connecting plate and is slightly higher than the sealing groove. The housing covers the housing connecting plate and presses the sealing rubber ring tightly to ensure airtightness. Countersunk screws are designed around the housing to fix the housing and the housing connecting plate, ensuring a smooth surface.

[0046] This device provides a more reliable polarization gradient detection and suppression structure, utilizing light fields to manipulate atomic ensembles. By designing and combining different optical path structures, it meets the needs of various gradient detection and suppression schemes. Each optical path structure is simple to install, align, and replace, reducing operational complexity and improving experimental efficiency. Each component is reliably positioned and highly stable.

[0047] Any content not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the above description is intended to help those skilled in the art understand the present invention, but does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent substitution, modification, improvement, and / or simplification of the above description that does not depart from the essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control, characterized in that: The device comprises a main structure with an atomic gas cell carrier disposed in the center, pumping optical path matching structures distributed on the upper and lower sides of the atomic gas cell carrier, and a detection optical path selection structure distributed on the right side of the atomic gas cell carrier, so as to directly replace different pumping and detection optical paths, realize the combination of various gradient detection and gradient suppression schemes, and thus verify the optimal combination scheme to improve experimental efficiency; The pumping light path matching structure includes a first pumping light path base plate located on the upper side of the atomic gas cell carrying device, and a third pumping light path base plate located on the lower side of the atomic gas cell carrying device, the first pumping light path base plate is installed on the upper surface of the main structure of the device, and the third pumping light path base plate has a unified mounting interface combined with the upper surface of the main structure of the device. The first pumping light path and the third pumping light path are used in combination, the detection light path is used to detect the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble, and the pumping light path is used to suppress the polarization gradient of the atomic ensemble. The atomic gas cell on the atomic gas cell carrying device is used to carry the atomic ensemble; The first pumping light path base plate includes a fiber collimator mounting plate, a Glan Taylor prism mounting frame, a first polarization beam splitter mounting frame, a first lens mounting frame, a second lens mounting frame, a first diffuser mounting frame, a second diffuser mounting frame, a first reflector, a first optical spacer mounting frame, and a first wave plate mounting frame, which are connected in series in sequence and are adapted to the first pumping light path. A first photodetector bracket is provided on a side of the first optical spacer mounting frame. The third pumping light path base plate includes a third reflector, a third lens mounting frame, a fourth lens mounting frame, a third diffuser mounting frame, a fourth diffuser mounting frame, a fourth reflector, a second optical spacer mounting frame, and a second wave plate mounting frame, which are connected in series in sequence and are adapted to the third pumping light path. When the first pumping light path and the third pumping light path are used in combination, the first polarization beam splitter prism mounting frame cooperates with the third reflector to form a first pumping light that is incident on the atomic ensemble in the positive direction along the Z axis and a third pumping light that is incident on the atomic ensemble in the negative direction along the Z axis.

2. The polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a second pumping light path base plate located on the lower side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device, the second pumping light path base plate has a unified mounting interface combined with the upper surface of the main structure of the device, the first pumping light path and the second pumping light path are used in combination, and the detection light path selection structure includes a first detection light path base plate or a second detection light path base plate located on the right side of the atomic gas chamber carrying device, the first detection light path base plate and the second detection light path base plate both have the same mounting interface combined with the upper surface of the main structure of the device to realize the selection and use of the first detection light path or the second detection light path.

3. The polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main structure of the device is located on the device housing base, and the device housing cover of the device housing is fixed to the housing connecting plate by countersunk screws around the housing. A sealing rubber ring is provided between the device housing cover and the housing connecting plate.

4. The polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second pumping light path base plate includes a second reflector adapted to the second pumping light path. When the first pumping light path and the second pumping light path are used in combination, the second reflector causes the first pumping light to pass through the atomic ensemble along the positive direction of the Z axis and then undergo positive reflection, and then pass through the atomic ensemble again along the negative direction of the Z axis as the second pumping light.

5. The polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first detection light path bottom plate includes a third wave plate mounting bracket, a Wollaston prism and a second photodetector bracket connected in series in sequence and adapted to the first detection light. The second photodetector is used to receive the detection light incident on the atomic gas chamber in the positive direction of the X-axis, and adopts a balanced differential detection method to realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function.

6. The polarization gradient detection and suppression structure based on light field control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second detection light path bottom plate includes a fourth wave plate mounting bracket and a second polarization beam splitter prism connected in series in sequence and adapted to the second detection light. The second polarization beam splitter prism is respectively connected to a third array photodetector bracket and a fourth array photodetector bracket. The third array photodetector and the fourth array photodetector are used to receive the detection light incident from the atomic gas chamber in the positive direction of the X-axis, and an array detector detection method is used to realize the atomic ensemble polarization gradient detection function.

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