Construction method of concrete structure roof of large-scale antique building

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method, comprising the following steps: step 1: establishing a roof structure model; step 2: setting up a support frame; step 3: distance control: determining the positions of the installation positioning points YK1, YK2, and YK3 of the corner template according to the structural center line on the design drawing, obtaining the corner coordinate value, and controlling the axis direction of the corner; step 4: roof template installation: fixing the warping curve plate on the end of the support frame, and using a large head wedge to pad the rafter at the bottom of the rafter, so that the rafter is tightly against the warping curve plate; step 5: steel bar binding: after the roof template is supported, the rafter steel bar cast-in-place plate bar and wing angle steel bar are sequentially bound; step 6: concrete pouring. The technical features implemented and applied in this application from the perspective of modern construction technology application and expression reproduce the style of ancient buildings on the antique roof, and provide a construction process for reference for the construction of modern antique curved roofs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of antique roof construction, in particular to a large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method. Background Art

[0002] Antique buildings inherit the beautiful and majestic characteristics of ancient Chinese buildings, and are increasingly widely used in actual projects. Ancient buildings are a structural method based on wooden frames. With the development of the times, through continuous creation, they have gradually formed a unique architectural system and style in the world. At present, due to the development of concrete structures, except for the renovation projects that still use the original structural system, other newly built and rebuilt ancient buildings mostly use reinforced concrete structures to replace part of the wooden frames to form the current antique buildings. However, the construction technology on the antique curved roof with concrete as the base is still in the exploratory stage, and there are no relevant construction standards. In order to achieve the same roof effect as the wooden frame, high requirements are put forward for the production and pouring of antiques. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method, which provides a construction process for reference for the construction of modern antique curved roofs.

[0004] The technical problem to be solved is that the construction technology on the antique curved roof with concrete as the base is still in the exploratory stage and there is no relevant construction standard.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Establish the roof structure model: Use the Revit software to construct the roof structure lofting model according to the design drawing. In the Autodesk robot structural analysis software, determine the boundaries of the roof support frame reinforcement, the constraints and loads of the template side reinforcement and the corner reinforcement, perform finite element grid division, start mechanical analysis, read the positioning information, component specifications and dimensions, and component angle modeling data of each component of the support frame from the Revit model and drawings for analysis, and make the actual template at a 1:1 ratio on the construction site for reference for construction lofting;

[0008] Step 2: Setting up the support frame;

[0009] Step 3: Distance measurement control: Determine the positions of the installation points YK1, YK2, and YK3 of the angle template according to the structural centerline on the design drawing, obtain the angle coordinate values, and mark YK1, YK2, and YK3 on the support frame. Use the polar coordinate normal of the total station to locate the YK1 point, determine the midpoint of the angle, and then use the same method to determine the positions of YK2 and YK3 to control the axis direction of the angle.

[0010] Step 4: Roof formwork installation: Fix the warping curve plate on the end of the support frame, and use the big head wedge to pad the rafter at the bottom of the rafter, so that the rafter can press the warping curve plate tightly, and the warping is completed; when installing the formwork, it should be installed according to the assembly line required for concrete pouring, and the bottom formwork, vertical keel, roof panel steel bars, and surface formwork should be installed in sequence;

[0011] Step 5: Rebar binding: After the roof formwork is set up, the rafter steel bars, cast-in-place slab bars, and wing angle steel bars are bound in sequence;

[0012] Step 6: Concrete pouring.

[0013] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention further comprises the following steps: before the construction, preparation for construction is carried out: a three-dimensional model of the building structure is established by using BIM combined with Rhino three-dimensional lofting technology, and the size and curvature of each formwork component at the corner part are calculated in turn, after the data of each formwork component is analyzed, each formwork component is assembled by software, and then the data of each formwork component is transmitted to the site for cutting, assembling and assembling.

[0014] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention further comprises the following steps: in step 1, CAD is used to accurately calculate the types, quantities and sizes of the angles and rafters, and a processing template list for each angle and rafter is opened.

[0015] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention further comprises the following steps: in step 3, the urban geodetic coordinates are converted into a building coordinate system established by arranging the engineering design axis in parallel, the longitudinal and transverse axes of the roof and the positioning points TK1, TK2, TK3 and TK4 are laid out, a total station is set up at the positioning points TK1 and TK3, and the positioning points TK2 and TK4 are used for orientation respectively, so that the center line of the roof coincides with the control axis, and the coordinates of the points are remeasured by the total station.

[0016] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention further comprises the following steps: in step 4, the root of a wing angle rafter closest to the standard rafter is made into a wedge shape on one side and the other end is parallel to the standard rafter and has a small warping.

[0017] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention further comprises: in step 4, if the structure is a double-slope roof structure, the templates are installed symmetrically.

[0018] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention further comprises the following steps: in step 5, the rafter hanging reinforcement is reserved as a straight head, and an anchor hook is bent out when the roof panel reinforcement is tied.

[0019] The invention discloses a large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method. Further, in step 4, the eaves are controlled by adding a vertical baffle at the head thereof, and the steel bars in the eaves are formed by extending the steel bars in the roof panel and binding them.

[0020] The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method of the present invention further comprises the following steps: in step 4, the position of the limit water stop bolt is popped out on the bottom template, a hole is punched, a screw rod is passed through, and the bottom nut is used to fix the water stop bolt. The arranged water stop bolt and the water stop plate are located on the center line of the roof reinforced concrete slab.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The technical features implemented and applied in this application from the perspective of modern construction technology application and expression are reproduced on the antique roof, and provide a construction process for reference for the construction of modern antique curved roofs.

[0023] In addition, this application uses BIM technology to disassemble and display the process in an orderly manner according to the structure, reinforcement, formwork, construction, and decoration methods, and reasonably control it, giving full play to the advantages of modern building materials, improving structural safety, utilizing the plasticity of concrete, and adopting modern construction technology to meet the unity of the artistic curved lines of the antique roof; using CAD three-dimensional lofting technology to control the chamfer arc curve and rafter lofting of the chamfer formwork, and using a rangefinder for positioning, which improves work efficiency and ensures the data accuracy when laying out the roof chamfers and rafters. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The invention discloses a large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Construction Preparation

[0026] BIM combined with Rhino 3D lofting technology is used to establish a 3D model of the building structure, and the size and curvature of each formwork component at the chamfer are calculated in turn. After the data analysis of each formwork component is completed, the formwork components are assembled through software for further precision control, and then the data of each formwork component is transmitted to the site for cutting, assembly and assembly.

[0027] Step 2: Build the roof structure model

[0028] According to the preliminary design drawings provided by the design institute, the frame structure was designed into a roof structure lofting model using Revit software. The boundaries of the roof support frame reinforcement, the constraints and loads of the template side reinforcement and the rafter reinforcement were determined in Autodesk robot structural analysis software. Finite element division was performed and mechanical analysis was started to determine the stability of the support frame.

[0029] The positioning information, component specifications and dimensions, component angles and shapes of each support frame component are read from the Revit model and drawings for analysis, and actual templates are made at a 1:1 ratio on the construction site for construction layout reference. CAD is used to accurately calculate the type, quantity and size of the angle and rafters, and a processing plan template sheet is issued for each angle and rafter specification, quantity, length, etc.

[0030] Step 3: Support frame erection

[0031] The process flow is to lay out the lines, determine the position of the vertical poles, place the pads, erect the vertical poles, set up the sweeping poles, set up the horizontal poles, and set up the scissors brace. All horizontal poles should be set up in both the vertical and horizontal directions at each step. The support frame must be equipped with vertical and horizontal sweeping poles. The vertical sweeping pole should be fixed to the vertical pole 200mm above the base with right-angle fasteners, and the horizontal sweeping pole should be fixed to the vertical pole close to the bottom of the vertical sweeping pole with right-angle fasteners.

[0032] When setting up high and low span vertical poles and horizontal poles, the vertical poles should be ≥200mm away from the high span edge and ≥100mm away from the low span edge; the horizontal poles must extend for no less than two spans and be fixed to the vertical poles with fasteners.

[0033] It is strictly forbidden to overlap the vertical poles of the steel pipe frame. They must be connected with butt fasteners. The joints of two adjacent vertical poles should not be set in the same span. The distance between the joints of two vertical poles separated by one vertical pole in the same span should not be less than 500mm in height direction. The distance between the center of each joint and the main node should not be greater than 1 / 3 of the step distance. The overlap length of the horizontal pole should not be less than 1m, and 3 rotating fasteners should be set at equal intervals; the distance from the edge of the end fastener cover plate to the end of the overlapping longitudinal horizontal pole should not be less than 100mm. There are no less than three horizontal poles in the horizontal and vertical directions, and wooden squares or pads are placed under the poles.

[0034] Step 4: Distance Control

[0035] In order to ensure the efficiency and quality of construction and measurement work, the urban geodetic coordinates are converted into a building coordinate system that is laid out in parallel with the engineering design axis. Then, the coordinates of the building coordinate system are extracted based on the primary control network, and the secondary control network is laid out. The vertical and horizontal axes of the roof and the positioning points TK1, TK2, TK3, and TK4 are laid out by using two rounds of precise distance measurement and theodolite angle measurement. The total station is set up at the TK1 and TK3 positioning points, and the positioning points TK2 and TK4 are used for orientation, respectively, so that the center line of the roof coincides with the control axis, and the coordinates of the points are re-measured with the total station.

[0036] Determine the positions of the installation points YK1, YK2, and YK3 of the angle template according to the structural centerline on the design drawing, obtain the angle coordinate values, and mark YK1, YK2, and YK3 on the support frame. Use the polar coordinate normal of the total station to locate the YK1 point, determine the midpoint of the angle, and then use the same method to determine the positions of YK2 and YK3 to control the axis direction of the angle.

[0037] Step 5: Roof formwork installation

[0038] Fix the warping curve plate on the end of the support frame, and use the big head wedge to lift the rafter at the bottom, so that the rafter can press against the warping curve plate tightly, thus completing the warping and achieving the control of the curvature. Finally, use the wing angle shaping plate to check the warping and warping.

[0039] It should be noted that since the cross section of the prefabricated concrete wing rafter is square, and the side of the wing rafter close to the corner beam rises more, it is better to have the big head of the big wedge facing the root of the corner beam or rafter. The root of the wing rafter closest to the standard rafter is made in a wedge shape on one side and parallel to the standard rafter on the other side, and the warping is small. In addition, the wing corner is overhanging, and the degree of overhang of each corner rafter is different, resulting in different rafters here. In addition, it contains flying rafters, which requires repeated adjustments. The reserved steel bars at the tail of the wing rafter should be anchored into the beam and welded with the beam bars. The upper reserved steel bars are inserted into the roof panel, and the anchoring length meets the design requirements. The steel bars of the flying rafter are welded and fixed like flying rafters. The irregular rafter gaps at the root of the prefabricated wing rafter are sealed with foamed polyurethane or foam to ensure the stability and demolding quality of the wing rafter when the roof concrete is poured.

[0040] The template should be installed according to the assembly line required for concrete pouring. If it is a double-slope roof structure, symmetrical installation should be considered. Before installing the bottom template, first check whether the support system meets the design requirements of the template plan. The square wood strips should be firmly fixed. The bottom template is generally made of wood plywood or bamboo plywood. The bottom template should be firmly nailed, the joints are tight, and the elevation and flatness are checked to meet the requirements.

[0041] Install the limit waterstop bolts. Mark the position of the limit waterstop bolts on the bottom template according to the designed dimensions, drill holes, pass the screws, and fix the waterstop bolts with the bottom nut. The specification is φ10mm, and the waterstop plate specification is 50mm-80mm×50mm-80mm. The waterstop plate and the bolts should be fully welded tightly. The laid waterstop bolts and waterstop plates should be located on the center line of the roof reinforced concrete slab.

[0042] Lay out vertical keels. The vertical keels can be made of 40mm×60mm or 50mm×50mm square wood in pairs. Wrap the upper part of the bolts. Use small wooden strips to clamp and nail the gap between the two pieces. The thickness of the roof structure layer is the size from the lower edge of the vertical keel to the bottom template surface.

[0043] The roof panel reinforcement is tied according to the design drawings and the reinforcement is tied firmly to prevent the binding buckles from loosening and the reinforcement from shifting due to collision and vibration when pouring concrete.

[0044] The surface layer template is installed. The surface layer template is prefabricated in advance. The width is generally 300-500 mm and the length is preferably 900-1200 mm. The same modulus level is used as much as possible during prefabrication. The insufficiency is determined after on-site lofting. This is convenient for template installation and turnover, saving materials; on the other hand, it is also conducive to concrete pouring and checking whether the concrete pouring is dense during construction. It can appropriately reduce the overlap time of the upper and lower layers of concrete and reduce the generation of cold joints. The length modulus of the graded surface layer template during prefabrication should be 10 mm smaller than the net distance between the vertical keels on both sides (5 mm at both ends). The side pressure keels with a length of 300-500 mm and a cross-section of 30 mm × 40 mm are nailed on both sides, and horizontal holes with a diameter of 10 mm are drilled at half the length of the keels on both sides, so that the vertical keels on both sides and the drilled holes can be fixed with 8 mm diameter hook pins during installation; the graded surface layer template should be installed step by step and section by section.

[0045] Step 6: Rebar Binding

[0046] After the roof formwork is set up, the rafter reinforcement, cast-in-place slab reinforcement, wing angle reinforcement, etc. are tied in sequence. The rafter hanging reinforcement is reserved as a straight head, and the anchor hook is bent out when the roof panel reinforcement is tied, which facilitates the construction of the roof panel reinforcement.

[0047] The size and placement of steel bars must be strictly controlled. The longitudinal and transverse steel bars should be tied with lead wire to fix each other. When the steel bars are formed, they should be made, numbered and stacked according to the large-scale drawing. Pay attention to the turning points and curve heights to determine their correct positions. The bending position, length and bending direction of the steel bars should be strictly controlled.

[0048] The eaves are horizontal components attached to the rafters, and their function is to connect all the eaves rafters to make them a whole. The eaves are controlled by adding a vertical baffle at the head, and the steel bars in the eaves are tied by extending the steel bars in the roof panel.

[0049] Step 7: Concrete pouring

[0050] When pouring concrete, a 500mm high baffle can be temporarily set on the top of the formwork surface to prevent aggregate from sliding during pouring. For sloping roofs with densely arranged steel bars, a φ30 small vibrating rod can be used for vibration. During the pouring process, a small hammer can be used to knock to check whether the pouring is dense. When pouring concrete, the eaves of the roof can be used as the starting point. Based on the principle of leaving no straight joints and no cold joints, pour symmetrically from bottom to top, step by step, and until the pouring is completed.

[0051] Among them, the concrete of the sloping roof is poured simultaneously on both sides along the roof with the roof as the dividing line. The concrete of each single-sloped roof is poured continuously by two concrete teams at the same time. For roofs with a slope of less than 25°, the conventional pouring method is adopted, and the plate reinforcement is intercepted with a dense mesh wire mesh every 1500mm. Double-sided formwork is used for roofs with a slope greater than 25°. During the concrete pouring process, a small vibrator is inserted into the plate. For example, a vibrator is inserted in a place where pipes are dense, and the concrete is introduced with a long steel bar. The outer mold is hit with a hammer to see if the concrete is dense, and then a flat plate vibrator is used to vibrate the surface of the outer mold to ensure the quality of concrete pouring. After the concrete is poured for a period of time, the 600 mm wide pouring port is closed with a pre-configured template. There is no need to block the pouring port of the roof. After the concrete is poured, the surface should be closed, and plastered and calendered.

[0052] The technical features implemented and applied in this application from the perspective of modern construction technology application and expression are reproduced on the antique roof, and provide a construction process for reference for the construction of modern antique curved roofs.

[0053] In addition, this application uses BIM technology to disassemble and display the process in an orderly manner according to the structure, reinforcement, formwork, construction, and decoration methods, and reasonably control it, giving full play to the advantages of modern building materials, improving structural safety, utilizing the plasticity of concrete, and adopting modern construction technology to meet the unity of the artistic curved lines of the antique roof; using CAD three-dimensional lofting technology to control the chamfer arc curve and rafter lofting of the chamfer formwork, and using a rangefinder for positioning, which improves work efficiency and ensures the data accuracy when laying out the roof chamfers and rafters.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred implementation modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Establish the roof structure model: Use the Revit software to construct the roof structure lofting model according to the design drawing. In the Autodesk robot structural analysis software, determine the boundaries of the roof support frame reinforcement, the constraints and loads of the template side reinforcement and the corner reinforcement, perform finite element grid division, start mechanical analysis, read the positioning information, component specifications and dimensions, and component angle modeling data of each component of the support frame from the Revit model and drawings for analysis, and make the actual template at a 1:1 ratio on the construction site for reference for construction lofting; Step 2: Setting up the support frame; Step 3: Distance measurement control: Determine the positions of the installation points YK1, YK2, and YK3 of the angle template according to the structural centerline on the design drawing, obtain the angle coordinate values, and mark YK1, YK2, and YK3 on the support frame. Use the polar coordinate normal of the total station to locate the YK1 point, determine the midpoint of the angle, and then use the same method to determine the positions of YK2 and YK3 to control the axis direction of the angle; convert the urban geodetic coordinates into the building coordinate system established by the parallel arrangement of the engineering design axis, lay out the longitudinal and transverse axes of the roof and the positioning points TK1, TK2, TK3, and TK4, set up the total station at the TK1 and TK3 positioning points, and use the positioning points TK2 and TK4 for orientation respectively, so that the centerline of the roof coincides with the control axis, and use the total station to remeasure the coordinates of the points; Step 4: Roof formwork installation: Fix the warping curve plate on the end of the support frame, and use the big head wedge to pad the rafter at the bottom of the rafter, so that the rafter can press the warping curve plate tightly, and the warping is completed; when installing the formwork, it should be installed according to the assembly line required for concrete pouring, and the bottom formwork, vertical keel, roof panel steel bars, and surface formwork should be installed in sequence; Step 5: Rebar binding: After the roof formwork is set up, the rafter steel bars, cast-in-place slab bars, and wing angle steel bars are bound in sequence; Step 6: Concrete pouring.

2. The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 1 Before construction, make preparations: Use BIM combined with Rhino 3D lofting technology to build a 3D model of the building structure, and calculate the size and curvature of each formwork component at the corner. After the data analysis of each formwork component is completed, assemble each formwork component through software, and then transfer the data of each formwork component to the site for cutting, assembly and assembly.

3. The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, CAD is used to accurately calculate the type, quantity, and size of the rafters and corners, and a processing template sheet is drawn up for each rafter and corner.

4. The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the root of a wing angle rafter closest to the standard rafter is made into a wedge shape on one side and the other end is parallel to the standard rafter and has a small warping.

5. The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, if the structure is a double-slope roof structure, the template is installed symmetrically.

6. The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step 5, the rafter hanging reinforcement is reserved with a straight end, and the anchor hook is bent out when the roof panel reinforcement is tied.

7. The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step 4, the eaves are controlled by adding a vertical baffle at the head, and the steel bars in the eaves are extended and tied by the steel bars in the roof panel.

8. The large-scale antique building concrete structure roof construction method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step 4, the position of the limit water stop bolt is popped up on the bottom template, a hole is drilled, the screw rod is passed through, and the bottom nut is used to fix the water stop bolt. The installed water stop bolt and water stop plate are located on the center line of the roof reinforced concrete slab.