Static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain site

Abstract

The present application relates to a static pressure detachable drilling machine suitable for complex terrain site, comprising a static pressure drill rod, a pressure bearing unit, a driving unit and a limiting unit, the driving unit comprises at least one power assembly and a force transmission assembly, the power assembly is detachably arranged between the force transmission assembly and a pressure bearing part of the pressure bearing unit, or the power assembly is detachably arranged between the force transmission assembly and the stratum, the force transmission assembly and the static pressure drill rod limit the relative position of each other through the limiting unit, in the driving process of the power assembly, the power assembly drives the force transmission assembly to apply static pressure to the static pressure drill rod based on the reaction force of the pressure bearing part and / or the stratum on the power assembly and the driving force of the power assembly, under the action of the static pressure, the static pressure drill rod drives the drill bit to move and realizes the downhole drilling action or the tripping action. The static pressure drilling coring method greatly reduces the disturbance of coring to the stratum, a subtle balance between the drilling machine quality and the drilling quality is achieved, and the quality of drilling coring is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geological sampling, and particularly relates to a static pressure detachable drilling machine suitable for complex terrain sites. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, there are many light drilling machines on the market, but the current drilling machines all have a common defect: poor adaptability to the actual working conditions of engineering geological exploration, or the preparation quality is small, but the stability of rotation in the drilling process is seriously sacrificed, and the quality of the core is reduced; or the quality of the drilled core meets the requirements, but the preparation quality of the drilling machine is large, resulting in great difficulty in carrying. Moreover, for example, the existing light drilling machines generally drill cores in the traditional impact rotation and hydraulic drilling mode, and these equipment is heavy and difficult to disassemble, and it is difficult to enter and exit high-altitude steep and easily disturbed areas. Some drilling machines drill cores in the form of a similar pneumatic drill, which needs to be manually held during drilling, and the whole drilling machine shakes and is unstable during actual drilling, which greatly disturbs the rock-soil core, and the final core has no actual representative meaning. Therefore, for the geological exploration of high-altitude steep and easily disturbed areas, there is a lack of a drilling machine that can guarantee the quality of the core, is stable and does not shake during drilling, and is light and detachable.

[0003] For example, China's western region has special topography and geomorphology, and during the construction of power, highway, railway and other projects, some steep terrain and complex geological conditions geological exploration areas are often encountered. These areas have steep terrain and generally have low temperature and oxygen deficiency, lack of water sources and other actual working conditions. In the actual construction process, artificial geological mapping is generally used to solve the problem, but the effect is not satisfactory, or the cost is high to open a mountain to pave a road for geological coring drilling, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. If there is a drilling machine that can adapt to harsh terrain, ensure the quality of core extraction, and be easily disassembled, the exploration progress of the special topography and geomorphology region in China's western region can be significantly accelerated, and the construction period of the project can be shortened.

[0004] For example, the Chinese patent with publication number 210317146U discloses a portable drilling machine with stable support for geological sampling, comprising a soil layer, the upper end of the soil layer is detachably connected with two support rods, the opposite side of the two support rods is threadedly connected with a connecting rod, one end of the two connecting rods is fixedly connected with a support block, the lower end of the support block is fixedly connected with a connecting block on one side through a second screw, the upper end of the support block is provided with a slot, two insertion plates are inserted in the two slots, a fixed box is fixedly connected between the two insertion plates, and a rotating device is arranged in the fixed box. Although the utility model solves the problems of inconvenient and quick installation and disassembly of the drilling machine and the support, and solves the problem of being unable to stably support the drilling machine on uneven road surfaces, the drilling machine is driven by the rotating device, and when the rotating device extracts the core, a larger driving force is needed to extract the drilling machine to extract the core, which undoubtedly requires a high-power motor to achieve, and when the driving force of the motor is insufficient, the extraction quality of the core will be affected. Moreover, the drilling machine is limited in position with the moving plate, and when the force borne by the drilling machine gradually increases, the connecting rod is more likely to deform, causing the drilling direction of the drilling machine to be unstable. Therefore, the drilling machine is only portable, and cannot substantially achieve the absolute stability of the drilling machine during drilling, nor can it obtain the support of forces other than the driving device.

[0005] The present application hopes to change the force transmission direction of the existing drilling machine, so that the force of the drilling machine not only comes from the driving device, but also obtains more force from the site environment to increase the stability of drilling.

[0006] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding between those skilled in the art; on the other hand, a large number of literatures and patents have been studied by the applicant when making the present application, but due to the limitation of space, all the details and contents are not listed in detail, which does not mean that the present application does not have these characteristics of the prior art, on the contrary, the present application has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art in the background art. SUMMARY

[0007] The existing exploration types are mainly divided into the following two categories.

[0008] The first type is the foundation construction of power transmission line tower. Before the power and infrastructure construction in mountainous area, the engineering geological exploration must be carried out in the area, the purpose is to find out the engineering geological conditions of the area, analyze the possible geological problems, make the engineering geological evaluation of the construction area, provide reliable geological basis for the planning, design, construction and operation of the project, to ensure the safety and stability of the engineering building, economic rationality and normal use. However, for the terrain of mountainous area, the ordinary drilling equipment is difficult to transport to the predetermined position for drilling coring, the existing light drilling machine, due to its own light weight, is not enough when the core is pulled out and is easy to shake, so that the quality of the extracted core is not good.

[0009] The second type is the shallow hole (within 30m) small diameter static pressure coring in soft stratum such as landslide body. In order to ensure the safety of people's life and property, traffic, commercial facilities, prevent and control the geological disasters such as landslide, debris flow caused by tectonic movement, obtain the characteristics of natural environment, geological environment, formation conditions, boundary conditions, scale, rock-soil structure, hydrogeological conditions and other characteristics of disaster body, the engineering geological exploration of disaster body is carried out, in order to avoid the secondary disturbance to the disaster body, however, the ordinary simple geological drilling machine is generally rotary impact drilling, which will cause secondary disturbance to the disaster body, thus increasing the hidden trouble of secondary disaster.

[0010] China has rich mountainous area, the mountainous area accounts for about 70% of the total land area, for example, in southwest China, although the region is mainly based on basin and hilly terrain, but there are Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west, Loess Plateau in the north, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the south, and Wushan, Daba Mountain in the east, surrounded by high mountains, and southwest China is located in the collision contact zone of Indian plate and Eurasian plate and nearby, located in the Indonesian-Dianmian arc structure and Sichuan-Dian structure composite part, with strong neotectonic movement, high mountain and deep valley development. In this area, necessary geological exploration work is needed, which requires a light drilling machine that can ensure the quality of the core.

[0011] The existing drilling machine still has the following defects:

[0012] The backpack drilling machine has no reliable fulcrum when in use, so that the removed core is easy to break and lose its representative meaning, the drilling speed and down pressure speed are controlled by manual, which may cause accidents and cause great disturbance to the stratum.

[0013] The drilling machine driven by the gasoline engine can provide downward driving force for the drill bit, but still needs manual operation and stabilization of the drilling direction during drilling. Especially when the drill is lifted, the normal driving force is not provided, so that the worker has difficulty in lifting the drill. Since the gasoline energy and the weight of the gasoline engine are large, the load on the explorer is also large. When the downhole drilling is manually controlled, the rotation speed of the drilling tool needs to be balanced manually, which is not easy to control and also causes large disturbance to the stratum.

[0014] The steep terrain also includes the negative terrain such as the sediment pool, the water storage pool and the like which have high requirements for the terrain and the leakage prevention. The power of most current drilling machines can only provide the lifting force or the downward pressure for the drill bit, cannot provide the downward pressure when downward pressing and the lifting force when lifting the drill, and is difficult to meet the actual needs of the exploration site.

[0015] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a light, detachable drilling machine which can be automatically balanced during the downhole drilling or the lifting of the drill bit and the speed of which is controllable, so as to meet the needs of the exploration of the steep terrain.

[0016] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a static pressure detachable drilling machine suitable for complex terrain sites, which comprises at least a static pressure drill rod, a pressure bearing unit, a driving unit and a limiting unit. The driving unit comprises at least one power assembly and a force transmission assembly. The power assembly is detachably arranged between the force transmission assembly and a pressure bearing part of the pressure bearing unit, or the power assembly is detachably arranged between the force transmission assembly and the stratum. The force transmission assembly and the static pressure drill rod limit the relative positions of each other through the limiting unit. During the driving of the power assembly, the power assembly drives the force transmission assembly to apply static pressure to the static pressure drill rod based on the reaction force of the pressure bearing part and / or the stratum on the power assembly and the driving force of the power assembly. Under the action of the static pressure, the static pressure drill rod moves and realizes the downhole drilling or the lifting action.

[0017] As described above, the present application uses the pressure bearing unit or the stratum as a device capable of providing a stable surface, so that the driving force of the driving unit can be fully transmitted to the static pressure drill rod to realize the downhole drilling. The stratum is used as the supporting surface, so that the driving force of the driving unit can be fully transmitted to the static pressure drill rod to realize the lifting of the drill. The pressure bearing unit of the present application can also provide a stable surface for the driving unit and a channel for the static pressure drill rod to stabilize the moving direction of the static pressure drill rod, so that the static pressure drill rod can stably move along the normal direction of the drilling point.

[0018] The biggest difference between the present application and the prior art is that the present application adopts a static pressure drilling coring mode, which can greatly reduce the disturbance to the stratum caused by coring, and achieves a subtle balance between the quality of the drilling rig and the drilling quality, and on the basis of minimizing the quality of the drilling rig, the quality of the drilling coring is ensured.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure-bearing unit comprises at least one pressure-bearing part and at least two support assemblies, the at least two support assemblies are detachably arranged on one side of the pressure-bearing part in a manner that the pressure-bearing part can be supported in relative balance, in the case that the pressure-bearing part is fixed to the stratum by the support assemblies, the pressure-bearing part is arranged between the force transmission assembly and the pressure-bearing part based on the arrangement of the power assembly, so that the force transmission assembly moves in a non-deviated manner, in the case that the force transmission assembly moves in a non-deviated manner and static pressure, the static pressure drill rod drills down or pulls up along the normal direction of the drilling surface.

[0020] The present application maintains the stability of the pressure-bearing part by arranging the support assembly, so that the first channel of the pressure-bearing part maintains a stable position, so that the moving direction of the static pressure drill rod is not deviated, and the static pressure drill rod moves smoothly under the driving action of the static pressure.

[0021] Preferably, in the case that the power assembly is detachably arranged between the force transmission assembly and the stratum, the static pressure drill rod passes through the pressure-bearing part through the first channel, the force transmission assembly is arranged in a manner that it is driven to move along the normal direction of the stratum by the power assembly, in the case that the pressure-bearing part bears external pressure and is in a stable state, the force transmission assembly drives the static pressure drill rod to move through the first channel to limit the static pressure drill rod to drill down or pull up along the normal direction of the stratum.

[0022] The present application enables the driving unit to be reversely arranged, and provides normal static pressure for the pressure-reducing drill rod when the static pressure drill rod is pulled up, so that the disturbance of the drill rod to the stratum is small and the integrity of the core extraction is maintained.

[0023] Preferably, the power assembly is an air cylinder driven by an air compressor, and at least two air cylinders are arranged on the pressure-bearing part in a manner that they are distributed around the first channel, so that the power assembly and the pressure-bearing part are in relative balance to avoid deviation of the pressure-bearing part.

[0024] The whole machine can be disassembled, and the air compressor and the generator can be connected with the drilling point at a long distance, which greatly reduces the difficulty of carrying and the labor intensity of workers. The working energy of the present application is electricity and air, and the electricity is generated by a diesel generator. Compared with a hydraulic drilling machine, the air compressor does not need to carry any medium, and the cylinder is much lighter than the hydraulic cylinder. Firstly, the whole weight of the drilling machine is greatly reduced, and secondly, the harm of some drilling fluid to the environment is avoided, and the air cylinder has low air tightness requirement.

[0025] Preferably, at least one limiting mechanism is arranged at a non-end position of the static pressure drill rod, and the second channel at the central position of the force transmission assembly is provided with at least one clamping piece capable of clamping the limiting mechanism, and when the limiting mechanism of the static pressure drill rod moves into the second channel, the limiting mechanism is limited by the second channel and / or the clamping piece, so that the static pressure drill rod is subjected to static pressure and moves in the moving direction by the force transmission assembly.

[0026] The limiting unit of the present application can limit the static pressure drill rod and the force transmission assembly in the moving direction of the static pressure drill rod, realize the static pressure of the force transmission assembly on the static pressure drill rod, avoid the deviation of the moving direction of the static pressure drill rod in the moving process, and also avoid the disturbance of the static pressure drill rod to the stratum when drilling or tripping, and realize the true static pressure drilling.

[0027] Preferably, the pressure-bearing piece at least comprises a plate body structure, and the force transmission assembly at least comprises a plate body structure, and the first plate surface of the pressure-bearing piece is parallel to the second plate surface of the force transmission assembly during the drilling or tripping of the static pressure drill rod.

[0028] Preferably, the support assembly is detachably arranged on the pressure-bearing piece, and in the case that the pressure-bearing piece is a plate body structure, the surface of the pressure-bearing piece can be provided with counterweights to increase the stability of the pressure-bearing piece.

[0029] The present application sets the pressure-bearing piece as a plate body structure, so that in the case that the support assembly is not fixed, the pressure-bearing piece can still maintain the stability of the plate body when the counterweight is placed, so that the first channel can still stably limit the moving direction of the static pressure drill rod, avoiding the deviation of the drilling direction. Especially for the negative terrain such as silt pool and water pool which cannot fix the support assembly and has high requirements on terrain and leakage prevention, the pressure-bearing piece can still achieve the stability effect when the counterweight is arranged. The counterweight does not need to be carried by workers, and can be locally sourced at the exploration site. Local stones, wood, materials carried by workers and even the workers themselves can be used as counterweights. Therefore, the arrangement of the plate body structure of the present application reduces the conditions for using the drilling machine.

[0030] Preferably, the at least one limiting mechanism of the non-end position of the static pressure drill rod comprises at least a protruding structure and a slot structure. Preferably, one end of the support assembly comprises a telescopic part, so that the distance between the pressure bearing part and the stratum can be adjusted.

[0031] Preferably, the pressure bearing part is provided with a driving position for mounting the power assembly, and the driving position is provided in the form of a slot structure, color and / or identification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the static pressure detachable drilling machine provided by the present application in a downward drilling process;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the static pressure detachable drilling machine provided by the present application in an upward extraction process;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the static pressure detachable drilling machine provided by the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the static pressure drill rod provided by the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation position distribution of the pressure bearing part provided by the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the force transmission assembly provided by the present application.

[0038] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0039] 1: static pressure drill rod; 2: pressure bearing unit; 3: driving unit; 4: limiting unit; 5: force transmission assembly; 11: first end; 12: second end; 13: limiting mechanism; 21: first channel; 22: driving position; 23: station position; 24: support position; 25: support assembly; 26: pressure bearing part; 27: fixed anchor; 31: power assembly; 51: second channel; 6: stratum; 7: valve assembly; 8: air guide assembly; 9: air compressor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Based on the defects of the prior art that the gasoline engine and the hydraulic machine need to carry energy materials, cannot provide both downward pressure and upward force, are not easy to disassemble, and cannot adapt to the drilling of negative terrain such as sedimentation tank and water storage tank, the present application improves the power assembly and the power transmission mode to provide a static pressure detachable drilling machine suitable for complex terrain sites.

[0042] AsFigure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the static pressure detachable drilling rig of the present invention, suitable for complex terrain sites, includes at least a static pressure drill rod 1, a pressure-bearing unit 2, a drive unit 3, and a limiting unit 4. The pressure-bearing unit 2 is used to withstand the static pressure applied by the drive unit 3. The drive unit 3 is used to apply static pressure to the static pressure drill rod 1, enabling the static pressure drill rod 1 to perform undisturbed drilling down or up under the action of static pressure. The limiting unit 4 is used to limit the direction of movement of the static pressure drill rod.

[0043] In this invention, static pressure refers to pressure without disturbance. Using static pressure drilling for coring can greatly reduce the disturbance to the formation caused by coring, achieving a delicate balance between drilling rig quality and drilling quality, ensuring the quality of the drilled core while minimizing the overall weight of the drilling rig.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, the hydrostatic drill rod 1 of this invention is a specially designed drill rod, with its thicker section bearing the hydrostatic pressure of the pneumatic cylinder, and its length is approximately 50 cm. The first end 11 and the second end 12 of the hydrostatic drill rod 1 are respectively provided with threaded mechanisms for connection with ordinary drill rods. When the length of the hydrostatic drill rod 1 is insufficient, one end of the hydrostatic drill rod 1 can be connected to an ordinary drill rod and continue working, requiring only the limiting mechanism and force transmission component of the hydrostatic drill rod to mutually limit each other.

[0045] At least one limiting mechanism 13 is provided at the non-end position of the static pressure drill rod 1. The limiting mechanism 13 includes at least a protrusion structure and a groove structure. For example, the limiting mechanism is an annular groove, a plurality of groove structures distributed in a ring, etc. For example, the limiting mechanism is an annular protrusion, or a plurality of protrusion structures distributed in a ring. The specific shape of the protrusion structure and the groove structure is not limited, and can be designed as needed, or designed to be adapted to the fastener of the second channel 51 at the central position of the force transmission component 5.

[0046] The number of limiting mechanisms 13 is not limited to one; it can be two or more.

[0047] The pressure-bearing unit 2 includes a pressure-bearing component 21 and at least two support assemblies 25. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the pressure-bearing member 2 and the support assembly 25 are detachably connected. The detachable connection can be, for example, by bolting. At least two support assemblies 25 are detachably disposed on one side of the pressure-bearing member 26 in a manner that allows the pressure-bearing member 26 to be supported in a relatively balanced manner. The number of support assemblies 25 is at least two, serving a supporting function. Preferably, the number of support assemblies 25 is three, four, or even more, used to support the pressure-bearing member while sharing the static pressure with it.

[0048] The non-edge position of the pressure-bearing part 2 is provided with at least one first channel 21. The first channel 21 is preferably a circular channel penetrating the pressure-bearing part 2. The diameter of the first channel 21 is similar to the diameter of the static pressure drill rod 1, so as to limit the moving range of the static pressure drill rod 1 when the static pressure drill rod 1 penetrates the first channel 21 and moves, avoiding large deviation of the static pressure drill rod 1.

[0049] As shown in the figure, the pressure-bearing part 2 is also provided with at least one driving position 22. Preferably, the driving position 22 is provided with three, four, five or six as shown in the figure. The plurality of driving positions 22 are symmetrically distributed around the first channel 21, so that the static pressure that the pressure-bearing part 21 can withstand is balanced. Preferably, the plurality of driving positions 22 are circularly symmetrically distributed around the first channel 21. The driving position 22 can be a groove not penetrating the pressure-bearing part, for indicating the position of installation of the power assembly 31. The driving position 22 can also not be a groove, but can be a mark formed by graphics, color and combination thereof. The driving position 22 can also be pre-embedded with a bolt for installing the power assembly 31, so as to facilitate detachable installation of the power assembly 31. Figure 5

[0050] The pressure-bearing part 2 is also provided with at least two supporting positions 24. The supporting position 24 is used to indicate the position of installation of the supporting assembly 25. The supporting position 24 is provided in the form of a groove structure, color and / or mark. The supporting position 24 can also be pre-embedded with a bolt for installing the supporting assembly 25, so as to facilitate detachable installation of the supporting assembly 25. Preferably, in the case that the pressure-bearing part 21 is in the form of a plate body structure, the plurality of supporting assemblies 25 are provided at positions close to the edges of the pressure-bearing part 21 in a balanced supporting force manner. For example, three supporting assemblies 25 form a triangular support. Four supporting assemblies 25 are installed at four corners of the pressure-bearing part 21, and the like.

[0051] Preferably, the driving unit 3 comprises at least one power assembly 31 and a force transmission assembly 5. The power assembly 31 is a component capable of driving force. If each power assembly 31 is detachably installed on the same side of the force transmission assembly 5. The specific shape of the force transmission assembly 5 is not limited, which can be in the form of a column or a plate body structure.

[0052] ​The force transmission component 5 transmits driving force as static pressure to the static pressure drill rod 1 under the driving action of the power component 31. At least one second channel 51 is provided in the central part of the force transmission component 5. The second channel 51 is provided with a locking device for locking the limiting mechanism 13 of the static pressure drill rod 1. The locking device is, for example, a snap-fit. When the limiting mechanism 13 of the static pressure drill rod 1 enters the second channel 51, the limiting mechanism 13 is locked by the locking device of the second channel 51 to achieve limitation, thereby allowing the static pressure drill rod 1 to be moved by the force transmission component 5 in the direction of movement. That is, the locking device can limit the limiting mechanism in one direction only, i.e., it limits the static pressure drill rod only in the direction of movement of the static pressure drill rod, allowing the force transmission component to apply static pressure to the static pressure drill rod 1. Alternatively, the locking device can limit the limiting mechanism in two directions, i.e., the static pressure drill rod 1 and the force transmission component cannot move relative to each other at all.

[0053] Preferably, the force transmission component 5 may also be provided with multiple drive positions for easy installation of pneumatic cylinders, so as to facilitate the quick installation of the power component.

[0054] Existing drilling rigs generally use gasoline engines or hydraulic presses as power drives because gasoline and hydraulic oil are common, readily available, and inexpensive energy sources in daily industry, making them universally applicable. Therefore, gasoline engines and hydraulic presses offer a wide range of market models, facilitating equipment procurement and assembly. However, in steep terrain, carrying large quantities of gasoline and hydraulic oil significantly increases the workload for exploration personnel. Especially in remote areas where vehicles cannot travel, large quantities of gasoline and hydraulic oil must be transported manually, increasing the workload of workers and extending the project duration. Based on this drawback, this invention abandons the use of liquid energy as a power source.

[0055] In this invention, the power component 31 is a pneumatic cylinder. At least two pneumatic cylinders are distributed on the pressure-bearing member 26 with the first channel 21 as the center, so that the forces of the power component 31 and the pressure-bearing member 26 are relatively balanced to prevent the pressure-bearing member 26 from shifting. The advantage of the pneumatic cylinder is that it can convert gas pressure into mechanical energy. The pneumatic cylinder is connected to a small air compressor 9 through the air guide component 8, so that a continuous gas pressure can be obtained. The power source supply method of the pneumatic cylinder and the air compressor 9 can provide driving force without the need for heavy-duty liquid energy, avoiding the disadvantage of needing to carry a large amount of liquid energy during exploration, reducing the manual load, and reducing the difficulty of equipment handling.

[0056] Preferably, the pneumatic cylinder can be a one-way pneumatic cylinder or a two-way pneumatic cylinder.

[0057] Preferably, the air guide assembly 8 is preferably an air guide pipe. The air guide pipe is a pipe with steel wire mesh inside, which can withstand high pressure and can guide high pressure gas into the air cylinder. Preferably, at least one valve assembly 7 is also provided on the air guide pipe 8. The type of valve assembly 7 is not limited, as long as it can control the opening and closing of the air guide pipe.

[0058] Preferably, the air compressor 9 provides air pressure within 1 MPa. The present application assumes the use of an air cylinder with a diameter of 75 mm, which can provide a force of about 441.56 kg per air cylinder. By installing four air cylinders, about 1.76 t of downforce can be provided for the down pressure of the drill rod, and the lifting process of the drill rod is basically similar. The generator and the air compressor are connected by low resistivity wires, and the length is determined according to the actual working condition. The air compressor and the generator can be connected to the drilling point at a relatively long distance, greatly reducing the difficulty of transportation and the labor intensity of workers.

[0059] The advantage of the present application is that, compared with the hydraulic cylinder, the air compressor does not need to carry any medium, and the mass of the air cylinder is much smaller, which greatly reduces the prepared mass of the drilling machine, and also avoids the harm of some drilling fluids to the environment. Moreover, the air cylinder has lower air tightness requirements, and even a small amount of air leakage can provide stable driving force.

[0060] The driving unit 3 and the pressure bearing unit 2 can be connected in two ways.

[0061] The first connection mode is as shown in Figure 1 The power assembly 31 in the driving unit 3 is connected with the pressure bearing unit 2, so that the power assembly 31 is detachably arranged between the force transmission assembly 5 and the pressure bearing unit 26 of the pressure bearing unit 2. The static pressure drill rod 1 passes through the first channel 21 and the second channel 51, and is clamped by the buckle member of the second channel 51 in the down direction, so that the static pressure drill rod 1 can be pushed by the force transmission assembly 5. Preferably, a pad fork that does not limit the movement of the static pressure drill rod 1 in the normal direction of the stratum where the drilling point is located can also be arranged in the first channel.

[0062] During the driving of the power assembly 31, the power assembly 31 simultaneously applies driving force to the force transmission assembly 5 and the pressure bearing unit 26. The pressure bearing unit 26 applies a counterforce to the force transmission assembly 26 without displacement and deformation when the support assembly 25 is fixed to the stratum 6. The force transmission assembly 5 applies a static pressure to the limiting mechanism of the static pressure drill rod 1 under the action of the driving force and generates displacement in the normal direction of the stratum. The force transmission assembly 5 presses the static pressure drill rod 1 by the static pressure, so that the static pressure drill rod 1 drives the drill bit into the stratum to extract the core.

[0063] Similarly, in the case of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder, the pneumatic cylinder returns, and the static pressure is applied to the static pressure drill pipe 1 through the force transmission assembly 5, and the static pressure drill pipe 1 is lifted to take out the core structure. The core inlet design of the core bit is easy to enter and difficult to exit, and the semi-combined pipe core can be used when the core is taken in the too broken stratum.

[0064] For the negative pressure terrain without support conditions and without artificial station conditions, the wider pressure bearing assembly can be expanded and arranged at will. The exploration site can be completed by the support of the pressure bearing without manual operation, and the phenomenon of deviation from the axis and unqualified sampling does not occur. At the same time, the axial deviation of the static pressure drill pipe is ensured, and the quality of the core is improved.

[0065] The second cooperation mode is shown in Figure 2 The power assembly 31 in the driving unit 3 is arranged in the stratum 6, so that the power assembly 31 is arranged in a detachable manner between the force transmission assembly 5 and the stratum 6. The pneumatic cylinder is a single-acting pneumatic cylinder. After the static pressure drill pipe 1 carries the drill bit to explore the core, the driving unit is arranged in the second cooperation mode, and only the pneumatic cylinder needs to be disassembled and installed in the process. At this time, the air compressor and the pneumatic cylinder are started, so that the pneumatic cylinder takes the stratum 6 as a supporting surface and applies a driving force to the transmission assembly. The transmission assembly applies an axial static pressure to the static pressure drill pipe 1 through the clamping piece in the second channel, so that the static pressure drill pipe 1 is lifted and moves in the normal direction of the stratum without deviation, realizes the automatic deviation-free exploration of the drilling machine, and avoids the participation of manual operation.

[0066] The drilling machine in the prior art generally has only one limiting point. However, the drill pipe is an elongated rod, and only one limiting point is arranged, so that the drill pipe is easy to deviate from the axial direction and shake, so that the drilling direction of the drilling machine is inclined, and manual control and monitoring are needed.

[0067] The first channel 21 of the pressure bearing 2 and the second channel 51 of the force transmission assembly form two limiting points for the static pressure drill pipe.

[0068] Preferably, the axes of the first channel 21 and the second channel 51 are close, and the axial direction of the static pressure drill pipe is limited to the normal direction of the stratum through the action of the pad fork. Through the limiting action of the two limiting points of the first channel and the second channel, the phenomenon of axial deviation of the static pressure drill pipe 1 in the process of pressing down or lifting is avoided, so that the static pressure drill pipe 1 can extract the core normally.

[0069] In the prior art, gasoline engines and hydraulic cylinders are commonly used as power sources. For drilling and coring in a disturbed stratum, the gasoline engine is prone to vibration and disturbance of the stratum, which reduces the accuracy of the drilling and coring and cannot provide static pressure. In the present application, the air compressor does not cause great disturbance to the stratum during the provision of high-pressure gas, and has a small effect on the core drilling. Moreover, for a disturbed stratum, the method of using air pressure to provide power for the drilling tool to perform static pressure coring requires a flat surface of only 15-20 m for geological coring in steep mountains and geological disaster bodies, and has strong adaptability to different terrains.

[0070] Preferably, the pressure-bearing piece 2 of the present application is not limited to the plate structure shown in the drawings, but can also be a strip structure. However, the strip structure has the defect that the counterweight cannot be arranged. Based on the light feature, the mass of the pressure-bearing piece and the support assembly cannot be too large, and therefore the pressure-bearing piece is made of light metal. However, in the case where the driving unit is connected to the pressure-bearing unit, if the resistance encountered by the static pressure drill pipe 1 during drilling is too large, the air cylinder will exert part of the pressure on the pressure-bearing piece, causing the pressure-bearing piece to deform. In order to avoid this situation, the pressure-bearing piece is preferably a plate structure, so that the pressure-bearing piece can prevent the arrangement of the counterweight. The counterweight can be locally sourced, and wood, stone or even the staff themselves can be used as the counterweight. The arrangement of the counterweight increases the force that the pressure-bearing piece can withstand, thereby enhancing the stability of the pressure-bearing piece and avoiding the influence of the first channel deviation on the static pressure drill pipe, thereby ensuring the stability of the moving direction of the static pressure drill pipe.

[0071] Preferably, the force transmission assembly 5 is arranged in a plate structure, which can arrange more power assemblies and provide greater driving force.

[0072] During the lowering or lifting of the static pressure drill pipe 1, the first plate surface of the pressure-bearing piece 26 is parallel to the second plate surface of the force transmission assembly 5. The parallel arrangement is conducive to maintaining a stable moving channel for the pressure-bearing piece and the force transmission assembly, and avoids the large axial deviation of the first channel and the second channel from affecting the moving direction of the static pressure drill pipe.

[0073] Preferably, in the case where multiple limiting mechanisms are arranged in the static pressure drill pipe 1, the distance between the two limiting mechanisms is less than the stroke of the air cylinder.

[0074] Preferably, for drilling and coring of 30 m or less, the pressure-reducing drill pipe can be made of low-density high-strength material, such as aluminum with only 1 / 3 of the density of iron, which can greatly reduce the weight of the entire drilling tool.

[0075] Preferably, the support assembly 25 is a telescopic piece, so that the distance between the pressure-bearing piece 26 and the stratum can be adjusted. Preferably, the position of the drilling point can be uneven, which makes it difficult for the surface of the pressure-bearing piece to maintain perpendicularity with the normal direction of the drilling point. That is, in the case of uneven ground surface, it is difficult for the surface of the pressure-bearing piece to maintain horizontal. By adjusting the length of the support assembly, the surface of the pressure-bearing piece can be maintained horizontal, so as to accurately limit the static pressure drill pipe and improve the quality of drilling.

[0076] Preferably, the support assembly 25 is provided as a hollow pipe body, which not only reduces the weight, but also allows the fixed anchor 27 to be inserted therein, so as to stably fix the entire pressure-bearing unit on the drilling point.

[0077] The use method of the present application is as follows.

[0078] S1: A gas guide pipe is connected between the small air compressor and the air cylinder. The workers only need to carry the pressure-bearing piece, the support assembly, the force transmission assembly, 3-6 air cylinders and the necessary equipment for core drilling such as a shift fork to the drilling point, and the remaining equipment can be placed at a considerable distance from the drilling point, reducing the difficulty of carrying. The actual length of the gas guide pipe connection can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the pressure can be adjusted by providing control of the opening and closing of the inlet valve. The opening and closing degree of the valve can well control the pressure acting on the air cylinder, that is, the final down pressure and lifting force acting on the pressure-reducing drill pipe. The workers can adjust the force acting on the drill pipe according to the site conditions to ensure that the drill pipe always stably drills for coring. Remote control and operation of the drilling machine by the workers are realized, and the work risk of the workers is reduced.

[0079] S2: The pressure-bearing piece of the support assembly with lifting and fixing function is reasonably placed in a state as level as possible.

[0080] S3: The air cylinder is installed, and the number of installations is adjusted according to the actual stratum.

[0081] S4: After the above procedures are installed, the air compressor is started, and after the air compressor runs stably, the actual acting pressure is controlled through the opening and closing of the valve and the reading of the pressure gauge. The valve on the air cylinder is opened, the air cylinder acts on the force transmission assembly, the drill bit is pressed downward to take the core, the static pressure coring adopts single-tube coring, and the single-acting single-tube half-pipe coring technology is used for coring in extremely broken strata. After one drilling stroke is completed, the force transmission assembly is adjusted to act on the lower side of the limiting mechanism, the air cylinder below the force transmission assembly is jacked up to jack up the underground drill pipe, and then the core is taken.

[0082] For example, in the process of keeping the drilling tool balanced and smoothly pushing the drill pipe into the stratum, the force transmission assembly cannot be brought back by the return of the pneumatic cylinder, the buckle is opened, the clamping effect of the second accessible buckle on the limiting mechanism is eliminated, and the force transmission assembly can be brought back by manual pulling or spring rebounding, or by a double-acting pneumatic cylinder.

[0083] When lifting the drilling tool, there are two forms. In the first form, a double-acting pneumatic cylinder is used, the cylinder body is firmly connected to the pressure-bearing part and the force transmission assembly at both ends, the lower cylinder does work when the upper cylinder does not do work when the drilling tool is pressed down, and the lower cylinder does work when the upper cylinder does not do work when the drilling tool is lifted. In the second form, the upper single-acting pneumatic cylinder is disassembled and installed at the lower part of the force transmission assembly to provide lifting force.

[0084] It should be noted that the above specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions under the inspiration of the disclosure of the present application, and these solutions also belong to the disclosed range of the present application and fall within the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specification and drawings of the present application are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The specification of the present application contains multiple inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally", which all indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept, and the applicant reserves the right to file a divisional application according to each inventive concept.

Claims

1. A static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites, characterized in that, It includes at least a static pressure drill pipe (1), a pressure-bearing unit (2), a drive unit (3), and a limiting unit (4). The drive unit (3) includes at least one power component (31) and a force transmission component (5). The power component (31) is detachably disposed between the force transmission component (5) and the pressure-bearing component (26) of the pressure-bearing unit (2), or the power component (31) is detachably disposed between the force transmission component (5) and the formation (6). The force transmission component (5) and the static pressure drill rod (1) are restricted in their relative positions by the limiting unit (4). During the driving process of the power component (31), the power component (31) simultaneously applies driving force to the force transmission component (5) and the pressure bearing component (26). Based on the reaction force of the pressure bearing component (26) and / or the formation (6) on the power component (31) and its own driving force, the power component (31) drives the force transmission component (5) to apply static pressure to the static pressure drill pipe (1). Under the action of the static pressure, the static pressure drill pipe (1) drives the drill bit to move and realizes the drilling action or the drilling action. The pressure-bearing unit (2) includes at least one pressure-bearing component (26) and at least two support assemblies (25). At least two support components (25) are detachably disposed on one side of the pressure-bearing member (26) in such a way that the pressure-bearing member (26) can be supported in a relatively balanced manner. When the pressure-bearing member (26) is fixed to the formation (6) by the support assembly (25), the pressure-bearing member (26) applies a reaction force to the force transmission assembly (5) based on the arrangement of the power assembly (31) between the force transmission assembly (5) and the pressure-bearing member (26) without displacement or deformation, so that the force transmission assembly (5) moves in a non-offset manner. When the force transmission component (5) moves in a non-offset manner and under static pressure, the static pressure drill rod (1) drills down or pulls up along the normal direction of the drill surface. The force transmission component (5) presses down on the static pressure drill rod (1) with static pressure, so that the static pressure drill rod (1) drives the drill bit into the formation to explore for rock core.

2. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, With the power assembly (31) detachably disposed between the force transmission assembly (5) and the formation (6), the static pressure drill pipe (1) passes through the pressure-bearing member (26) via the first channel (21), and the force transmission assembly (5) is disposed such that it is driven to move by the power assembly (31) along the normal direction of the formation. When the pressure-bearing component (26) is under external pressure and in a stable state, the force transmission component (5) drives the static pressure drill rod (1) to move through the first channel (21) to restrict the static pressure drill rod (1) from drilling down or lifting up along the normal direction of the formation.

3. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power unit (31) is a pneumatic cylinder driven by an air compressor (9). At least two pneumatic cylinders are distributed on the pressure-bearing member (26) with the first channel (21) as the center, so that the forces of the power assembly (31) and the pressure-bearing member (26) are relatively balanced to avoid the pressure-bearing member (26) from shifting.

4. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 3, characterized in that, The non-end position of the hydrostatic drill rod (1) is provided with at least one limiting mechanism (13), and the second channel (51) at the central position of the force transmission component (5) is provided with at least one fastener capable of securing the limiting mechanism (13). When the limiting mechanism (13) of the static pressure drill rod (1) moves into the second channel (51), the limiting mechanism (13) is limited by the second channel (51) and / or the fastener, thereby causing the static pressure drill rod (1) to be subjected to static pressure by the force transmission component (5) and move in the direction of movement.

5. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure-bearing component (26) includes at least a plate structure. The force transmission component (5) includes at least a plate structure. During the process of drilling down or lifting the static pressure drill rod (1), the first plate surface of the pressure bearing member (26) is parallel to the second plate surface of the force transmission component (5).

6. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support component (25) is detachably mounted on the pressure-bearing member (26). When the pressure-bearing member (26) is a plate structure, a counterweight can be mounted on the surface of the pressure-bearing member (26) to increase the stability of the pressure-bearing member (26).

7. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one limiting mechanism (13) at the non-end position of the hydrostatic drill rod (1) includes at least a protrusion structure and a groove structure.

8. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the support assembly (25) includes a retractable telescopic member, which allows the distance between the pressure-bearing member (26) and the stratum to be adjustable.

9. The static pressure detachable drilling rig suitable for complex terrain sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure-bearing component (26) is pre-set with a drive position (22) for installing the power assembly (31), and the drive position (22) is set in the form of a groove structure, color and / or marking.

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