An active load response system based on low communication requirements

Abstract

The application relates to an active load response system based on low communication demand, wherein a central control module and a plurality of frequency modulation modules are connected through distributed control communication; the frequency modulation module comprises a data receiving and transmitting unit, a data processing and storage unit and an active load response adjusting unit; the data receiving and transmitting unit is used for obtaining operation data of the central control module, other frequency modulation modules and power loads; the data processing and storage unit is used for determining consumed power of the active load response adjusting unit according to the operation data obtained by the data receiving and transmitting unit and the operation state of the active load response adjusting unit; and the active load response adjusting unit is used for adjusting consumed electric energy of the load through a communication mode or a direct adjustment mode of load power voltage and frequency. The application solves the technical problems of a large number of devices, small capacity and wide distribution in the prior art, improves the technical performance of device clusters, and provides frequency support and adjustment for a power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an active load response system based on low communication requirements, belonging to the field of power grid demand management technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the proportion of traditional thermal power units in the power system has been decreasing year by year. To meet the urgent energy demands of my country's rapid economic development, new energy power generation systems, represented by wind power and photovoltaic power, are rapidly developing and filling the capacity and energy gap in the power system caused by the retirement of thermal power units. However, the output power of new energy systems is not fully controllable and is unstable, leading to a gradual decline in the power system's ability to maintain dynamic balance of active power. This results in a decrease in the frequency control quality of the power system, creating greater and higher demands on the power system's frequency regulation capacity and performance. Currently, my country's frequency regulation power sources are mainly thermal power units and hydropower units. Thermal power units have long response time lags, low regulation speeds, low frequency regulation performance, and high frequency regulation costs, affecting the lifespan and carbon emission levels of thermal power units. Hydropower units have a wide frequency regulation range, fast response speeds, and low start-up costs, but their availability is affected by seasonal water inflows and requires consideration of flood control, navigation, and other factors during operation, resulting in a certain degree of uncertainty in availability. This restricts further improvements in the frequency regulation quality of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide an active load response system based on low communication requirements. This system solves the technical problems of numerous, low-capacity, and widely distributed devices in existing technologies. It achieves efficient aggregation of massive numbers of similar device units through a distributed control strategy, improves the technical performance of the device cluster, and provides frequency support and regulation for the power system by adjusting the load power consumption.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: an active load response system based on low communication requirements, comprising: a central control module and several frequency modulation modules; the central control module and the several frequency modulation modules are communicatively connected, and the frequency modulation modules are communicatively connected to each other; each frequency modulation module comprises: a data transceiver and transmission unit, a data processing and storage unit, and an active load response adjustment unit; the data transceiver and transmission unit is used to obtain operating data from the central control module, other frequency modulation modules, and the electrical load; the data processing and storage unit is used to determine the power consumption of the active load response adjustment unit based on the operating data obtained by the data transceiver and transmission unit and the operating status of the active load response adjustment unit; the active load response adjustment unit is used to adjust the electrical energy consumed by the load through communication or by directly adjusting the voltage and frequency of the load power supply.

[0005] Furthermore, when the frequency modulation module is disconnected from external communication, the frequency modulation module connects to the power grid access point, measures the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the voltage signal of the power grid, and determines the operating status of the active load response adjustment unit based on the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the voltage signal to provide frequency support and adjustment. The frequency support and adjustment include emergency frequency support, primary frequency modulation, and secondary frequency modulation.

[0006] Furthermore, the method for providing frequency support and adjustment is as follows: when the adjustable energy state of the active load response adjustment unit is higher than the optimal state, it will increase the lower limit of the output power while maintaining the upper limit of the normal output power; when the adjustable capability state of the active load response adjustment unit is lower than the optimal state, it will decrease the upper limit of the output power while maintaining the lower limit of the normal output power.

[0007] Furthermore, when the frequency modulation module communicates with the outside world using high-latency, low-bandwidth communication, it interacts with other frequency modulation modules to optimize the operating status of each module and make its own optimized load consumption power, thereby providing frequency regulation support services for the power system.

[0008] Furthermore, the interaction information affects the switching power of the two frequency modulation modules. If the tie line delay time is higher, the switching power is lower; if the tie line delay time is lower, the switching power is higher.

[0009] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the switching power is as follows:

[0010]

[0011] Among them, P i_connect (t) represents the basic adjustment difference of the power system by the active load response regulation unit numbered i, where R is the control coefficient, df is the current power system frequency disturbance, and t ij It is the communication delay time when energy storage system i receives information from energy storage system j, a ij Represents the coupling coefficient, s j () represents the current energy state of the active load response regulation unit numbered j.

[0012] Furthermore, when the frequency modulation module has multiple available communication links with multiple other frequency modulation modules, the communication link structure of the entire system is optimized based on the criterion of the lowest overall weighted communication delay.

[0013] Furthermore, when the frequency modulation module communicates with the outside world with low latency and high bandwidth, the frequency modulation module directly receives the operation instructions from the central control module and operates in a centralized operation mode, or selects one of the other frequency modulation modules as a centralized controller, and the centralized controller determines the load power consumption of the frequency modulation module in the load response system to provide frequency regulation support services for the power system.

[0014] Furthermore, the data transceiver and transmission unit includes: an Ethernet interface, a 3G / 4G transceiver interface, a Zigbee near-field communication chip, an infrared interface chip, or a Wi-Fi interface chip. The data transceiver and transmission unit communicates with the connected load through the Ethernet interface, 3G / 4G transceiver interface, Zigbee near-field communication chip, infrared interface chip, or Wi-Fi interface chip to obtain the load's operating status and adjustment range. The load's operating status and adjustment range include adjustable power consumption upper and lower limits, adjustment speed limits, and upper and lower limits of total power consumption within a preset future time.

[0015] Furthermore, the data transceiver and transmission unit also receives real-time ancillary service prices and electricity prices of the power system, and determines the power capacity, energy capacity, and operation priority ranking results of the frequency regulation module and other frequency regulation modules based on the real-time ancillary service prices and electricity price information of the power system.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions:

[0017] 1. The solution in this invention provides frequency support and regulation for the power system by adjusting the power consumption of the load; at the same time, it overcomes the technical problems of large number of devices, small capacity and wide distribution in the prior art, and realizes efficient aggregation of massive number of similar device units through distributed control strategy, thereby improving the technical performance of the device cluster.

[0018] 2. In this invention, when a single device fails, it will not affect the effective operation of the entire device cluster. Compared with centralized systems, distributed systems have stronger tolerance and handling capabilities for individual or small-scale damage to power systems and communication systems under extreme events, and higher reliability, thus enhancing the overall resilience of the power system.

[0019] 3. The system in this invention has strong adaptability to communication systems and can switch between different operating modes according to different actual communication conditions. It has the ability to work under the support of high-quality or low-quality communication systems, and also has the technical ability to work in environments without communication. It can effectively aggregate load units in various scenarios, provide affordable high-performance regulation resources for the system, enhance the frequency control capability and quality of the power system, and enhance the frequency stability of the power system by increasing the available frequency regulation resources of the power system.

[0020] 4. The active load response unit of the system in this invention has the ability to quickly adjust the output power. When the adjustment speed limit of the load unit is not taken into account, the output power is not limited by the output power adjustment rate and has the ability to quickly adjust the output power. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active load response system based on low communication requirements in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an active load response group with a time-delayed tie line in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an active load response group for communication with different delays in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an active load response group with a central control module in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail through specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments are provided only for a better understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terminology used is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] To address the technical problems of numerous, low-capacity, and widely distributed devices in existing technologies, this invention proposes an active load response system based on low communication requirements. By adding a control frequency regulation module to the existing load, it provides additional controlled regulation resources for the power system. It can aggregate a large number of similar devices through inexpensive non-dedicated networks such as the Internet, local area networks, and near-field communication systems, providing economical and effective frequency regulation and support services for the power system. The system can switch between different operating modes according to different communication conditions, adapting to the frequency regulation needs of the power system in different environments and enhancing the frequency stability of the power system by increasing the available frequency regulation resources. The active load response regulation unit is the core component of this invention, capable of regulating the electrical energy consumed by the load through communication or by directly adjusting the voltage and frequency of the load power supply. Compared to battery energy storage systems, the system of this invention has lower construction costs, similar regulation performance, and lower total raw material consumption, making it one of the important technical means to support my country's new power system and the construction of a low-carbon and green power system. The following detailed description of the invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, uses embodiments to illustrate the solution.

[0027] Example:

[0028] This embodiment discloses an active load response system based on low communication requirements, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a central control module and several frequency modulation modules; the central control module and the several frequency modulation modules are communicatively connected, and the frequency modulation modules are communicatively connected to each other;

[0029] The frequency modulation module includes: a data transceiver and transmission unit, a data processing and storage unit, and an active load response adjustment unit;

[0030] The data transceiver and transmission unit is used to acquire operational data from the central control module, other frequency modulation modules, and electrical loads from the Internet and near-field networks, and to perform data interaction. The data transceiver and transmission unit includes a gigabit Ethernet interface, a 3G / 4G transceiver interface, a Zigbee near-field communication chip, an infrared interface chip, or a Wi-Fi interface chip. The data transceiver and transmission unit communicates with the connected load through the Ethernet interface, 3G / 4G transceiver interface, Zigbee near-field communication chip, infrared interface chip, or Wi-Fi interface chip. In other words, the frequency modulation module communicates with the load through multiple types of communication interfaces to obtain the load's operating status and adjustment range. The load's operating status and adjustment range include adjustable power consumption upper and lower limits, adjustment speed limits, and upper and lower limits of total energy consumption within a preset future time. Based on the above data, the frequency modulation module determines the various frequency adjustment services that need to be provided and determines the corresponding controller parameter settings. In this embodiment, the preset time is 5 minutes, but it is not limited to this.

[0031] The data processing and storage unit is used to determine the power consumption of the active load response adjustment unit based on the operating data obtained by the data transceiver and transmission unit and the operating status of the active load response adjustment unit. In this embodiment, the data processing and storage unit includes an ASIC chip and a DSP chip, but functional chips can also be used instead.

[0032] The active load response regulation unit is the core component of this system. It is used to regulate the electrical energy consumed by the load through communication or by directly adjusting the voltage and frequency of the load power supply.

[0033] In this embodiment, the active load response regulation unit has two modes for regulating the active and reactive power consumption of the load:

[0034] First, it uses multiple types of communication interfaces to send adjustment commands to the load, thereby adjusting the active and reactive power consumed by the load through its own adjustment capabilities.

[0035] Second, the active load response regulating unit directly adjusts the load voltage and frequency of the connected load, thereby regulating the active and reactive power consumed by the load. Furthermore, the active load response regulating unit adjusts the active and reactive power consumed by the load by receiving operating data from the data transceiver unit.

[0036] The active load response regulation unit regulates the load voltage through an AC / DC / AC full-bridge power electronic converter circuit, and can directly adjust the load voltage, frequency, active power and reactive power.

[0037] This embodiment addresses the issue of low individual power and energy capacity of active load response regulating units (AVRs), necessitating clustered participation in power system frequency control. Constructing dedicated communication lines would be economically impractical, and centralized systems, where all information is processed by a centralized controller, are susceptible to system failure, impacting reliability and resilience to extreme events. This embodiment leverages inexpensive, non-dedicated networks such as the internet, local area networks (LANs), and near-field communication systems to aggregate numerous similar devices, providing reliable and effective frequency regulation and support services to the power system. Furthermore, this system can utilize high-performance dedicated communication networks, low-performance non-dedicated communication networks, or even without communication, to regulate load power consumption through AVRs, providing frequency regulation services in various modes. It effectively aggregates load units across multiple scenarios, offering affordable high-performance regulation resources and enhancing the power system's frequency control capabilities and quality.

[0038] The frequency modulation module switches its operating mode according to the communication status with the outside world, providing effective frequency modulation services under various communication conditions:

[0039] When the frequency modulation module is disconnected from external communication, it connects to the grid access point to measure the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the grid voltage signal. Based on the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the voltage signal, it determines the operating status of the active load response regulation unit to provide frequency support and regulation. Frequency support and regulation include emergency frequency support, primary frequency regulation, and secondary frequency regulation to improve the frequency stability and steady-state frequency error control capability of the power system.

[0040] The purpose of providing frequency support and regulation is to maintain power system frequency stability while ensuring that the adjustable energy state is in the optimal state. The specific processing method is as follows: when the adjustable energy state of the active load response regulation unit is higher than the optimal state, it will increase the lower limit of the output power while maintaining the upper limit of the normal output power; when the adjustable energy state of the active load response regulation unit is lower than the optimal state, it will reduce the upper limit of the output power while maintaining the lower limit of the normal output power. Moreover, the adjustable energy state of the active load response regulation unit can automatically set the optimal state according to the supporting hardware, service life, system structure and other conditions.

[0041] For example, if the optimal energy state of a single active load response unit is set to 50%, with a baseline output power range of 5kW-15kW, then when its energy state is 80%, the lower limit of output power will be adjusted to 8kW, while the upper limit will remain at 15kW; when its energy state is 20%, the lower limit of output power will remain at 5kW, and the output power will be adjusted to 12kW. Under this strategy, each active load response unit can adaptively adjust its output power based solely on its own local information, without communicating with other frequency modulation modules, thus enhancing the time-scale adjustment capability of the active load response unit and the system stability.

[0042] When the frequency modulation module communicates with the outside world in a high-latency, low-bandwidth manner, i.e., a low-performance, non-dedicated, low-performance communication network, the frequency modulation module has poor communication quality with the outside world. The frequency modulation module interacts with other frequency modulation modules, exchanges their respective energy states, optimizes the operating status of each frequency modulation module, and decides on its own optimized load consumption power to provide frequency regulation support services for the power system.

[0043] The active load response regulation units of each frequency modulation module are composed as follows: Figure 2 The ring topology shown has each frequency modulation module connected via a delayed tie line. Each frequency modulation module's active load response adjustment unit can receive its own status and operating frequency in real time, as well as the operating status of the two surrounding frequency modulation modules. The entire cluster adjusts its output power through this interactive information, setting higher upper and lower power limits for modules with more energy compared to when communication with the outside world is cut off, and lower upper and lower power limits for modules with less energy compared to when communication with the outside world is cut off. This interactive information allows the frequency modulation modules to maintain their optimal output state more quickly without adversely affecting the original frequency modulation effect. Simultaneously, the interactive information also affects the switching power; a higher tie line delay results in greater system frequency fluctuations, requiring a lower switching power setting; conversely, a lower tie line delay results in less system frequency fluctuations, requiring a higher switching power setting. The formula for calculating the switching power is:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, P i_connect (t) represents the basic adjustment difference of the power system by the active load response regulation unit numbered i, where R is the control coefficient, df is the current power system frequency disturbance, and t ij It is the communication delay time when energy storage system i receives information from energy storage system j, a ij Represents the coupling coefficient, s j () represents the current energy state of the active load response regulation unit numbered j.

[0046] For example, the optimal energy state of the active load response regulation unit of each frequency modulation module is set to 50%, and the initial energy state of the frequency modulation module is set to alternate between 20% and 80%. The coupling control coefficient is an adaptive function related to the tie-line delay time and the system frequency. The frequency variation is divided into three levels: below 0.02Hz, 0.02-0.06Hz, and above 0.06Hz. The coupling coefficients for each level are 0.6, 0.06, and 0.006, respectively. Similarly, the higher the delay time, the lower the coupling coefficient will be.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, when there are multiple available communication links between the frequency modulation module and multiple other frequency modulation modules, the communication link structure of the entire system is optimized based on the standard of optimal overall regulation performance, i.e., the lowest overall weighted communication delay, so as to achieve the best overall system performance.

[0048] For example: Figure 3 As shown, frequency modulation module A can simultaneously receive information from frequency modulation module B and frequency modulation module C. The information from frequency modulation module C obtained by frequency modulation module A through frequency modulation module B is delayed by 3ms, while the information obtained directly from frequency modulation module C by frequency modulation module A is delayed by 4ms. Through decision optimization, frequency modulation module A will adopt the information from frequency modulation module C obtained from frequency modulation module B, thereby making the decision more timely and accurate.

[0049] like Figure 4As shown, when the frequency regulation module communicates with the outside world using low-latency, high-bandwidth communication (i.e., a high-performance, non-dedicated, low-performance communication network), the frequency regulation module has good communication quality. It directly receives operating commands from the central control module and operates in a centralized mode. Alternatively, it can select one frequency regulation module as the centralized controller, with the remaining modules adjusting their states according to the centralized controller's status, eventually aligning with it. Therefore, only the operating state of the centralized controller needs to be set to complete the setup of the entire system's active load response regulation unit. The centralized controller determines the power consumption of the loads connected to the frequency regulation modules in the load response system, providing frequency regulation support services for the power system. Simultaneously, other frequency regulation modules optimize the control parameters of the primary and secondary frequency regulation services they provide based on the received operating signals from the centralized controller. Frequency support and regulation include emergency frequency support, primary frequency regulation, and secondary frequency regulation to improve the power system's frequency stability and steady-state frequency error control capabilities.

[0050] Among them, the frequency modulation module and the central control module selected as the centralized controller determine the start condition thresholds for each frequency modulation module when providing emergency frequency support, primary frequency modulation and secondary frequency modulation services, as well as the parameters Ki and Kp in each PI controller, based on the operating information received from each frequency modulation module.

[0051] The active load response unit in the frequency modulation module has the ability to quickly adjust the output power. Without considering the adjustment speed limit of the load unit, the output power is not limited by the output power adjustment rate and has the ability to quickly adjust the output power.

[0052] The data transceiver and transmission unit also receives real-time ancillary service prices and electricity prices from the power system. Based on this information, it determines the power capacity, energy capacity, and operational priority ranking of the regulation and support services in the frequency regulation module and other frequency regulation modules. When electricity prices are at their lowest, the functional limits of the controlled equipment are appropriately increased to enhance its working capacity; when electricity prices are at their highest, the output of the controlled equipment is appropriately reduced to maintain economic performance. Factors influencing the decision-making process include the functions of the controlled equipment and the specific operating environment.

[0053] For example, the home air conditioner controlled by the system in this embodiment moderately reduces its power consumption during peak electricity prices in the daytime, limiting the air conditioner's temperature adjustment range to 24℃-27℃, while moderately increasing its power consumption during off-peak electricity prices in the evening, setting the air conditioner's temperature adjustment range to 20℃-30℃; if the air conditioner controlled by the device of this invention is placed in an office building, and in reality there are fewer people in the office building at night, then the power consumption of the air conditioner will be reduced at night based on the actual situation.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. The above content is only a specific embodiment of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A proactive load response system based on low communication requirements, characterized in that, include: The central control module and several frequency modulation modules; The central control module and the plurality of frequency modulation modules are communicatively connected, and the frequency modulation modules are communicatively connected to each other. The frequency modulation module includes: a data transceiver and transmission unit, a data processing and storage unit, and an active load response adjustment unit; The data transceiver and transmission unit is used to obtain operating data from the central control module, other frequency modulation modules, and electrical loads. The data processing and storage unit is used to determine the power consumption of the active load response adjustment unit based on the operating data obtained by the data receiving and transmitting unit and the operating status of the active load response adjustment unit. The active load response regulation unit is used to regulate the electrical energy consumed by the load through communication or by directly adjusting the load power supply voltage and frequency. When the frequency modulation module is disconnected from external communication, the frequency modulation module connects to the power grid access point, measures the frequency, phase and amplitude of the voltage signal of the power grid, and determines the operating status of the active load response adjustment unit based on the frequency, phase and amplitude of the voltage signal to provide frequency support and adjustment. The frequency support and adjustment includes emergency frequency support, primary frequency modulation and secondary frequency modulation. The method for providing frequency support and adjustment is as follows: When the adjustable energy state of the active load response conditioning unit is higher than the optimal state, it will increase the lower limit of output power while maintaining the upper limit of normal output power. When the adjustability of the active load response regulating unit is below the optimal state, it will reduce the upper limit of output power while maintaining the lower limit of normal output power.

2. The proactive load response system based on low communication requirements as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the frequency modulation module communicates with the outside world with high latency and low bandwidth, it interacts with other frequency modulation modules to optimize the operating status of each module and make its own optimized load power consumption decision, thereby providing frequency regulation support services for the power system.

3. The proactive load response system based on low communication requirements as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The interaction information affects the switching power of the two frequency modulation modules. The higher the tie-line delay time, the lower the switching power; the lower the tie-line delay time, the higher the switching power.

4. The proactive load response system based on low communication requirements as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the switching power is: in, It is numbered i The active load response regulation unit provides a basic adjustment difference for the power system. R It is a control factor. It is the current frequency disturbance of the power system. It is numbered The energy storage system receiving number is Communication delay time when receiving information about energy storage systems. Represents the coupling coefficient. Representative number is j The current energy status of the active load response regulation unit.

5. The proactive load response system based on low communication requirements as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the frequency modulation module has multiple available communication links with multiple other frequency modulation modules, the communication link structure of the entire system is optimized based on the criterion of the lowest overall weighted communication delay.

6. The proactive load response system based on low communication requirements as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the frequency modulation module communicates with the outside world with low latency and high bandwidth, the frequency modulation module directly receives the operation instructions from the central control module and operates in a centralized operation mode. Alternatively, it can select one of the other frequency modulation modules as a centralized controller, which determines the load power consumption of the frequency modulation module in the load response system, thereby providing frequency regulation support services for the power system.

7. The proactive load response system based on low communication requirements as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The data transceiver and transmission unit includes an Ethernet interface, a 3G / 4G transceiver interface, a Zigbee near-field communication chip, an infrared interface chip, or a Wi-Fi interface chip. The data transceiver and transmission unit communicates with the connected load through the Ethernet interface, 3G / 4G transceiver interface, Zigbee near-field communication chip, infrared interface chip, or Wi-Fi interface chip to obtain the load's operating status and adjustment range. The load's operating status and adjustment range include adjustable power consumption upper and lower limits, adjustment speed limits, and upper and lower limits of total power consumption within a preset future time.

8. The proactive load response system based on low communication requirements as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The data transceiver and transmission unit also receives real-time ancillary service prices and electricity prices of the power system, and determines the power capacity, energy capacity, and operation priority ranking results of the frequency regulation module and other frequency regulation modules based on the real-time ancillary service prices and electricity price information of the power system.

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