An over-2-bit wideband transmitarray cell based on receive-transmit structure, antenna and method of using the same

Abstract

An over-2-bit broadband transmissive array unit based on a receiving-transmitting structure, an antenna and a use method thereof, the array unit comprises a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna, a metal through hole is penetrated between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, the array antenna comprises a linear polarization feed source and a broadband transmissive array unit, and the linear polarization feed source is located above the center of the transmissive array unit; the use method is that: the receiving antenna of the transmissive array unit is rotated by 180 degrees, and 1-bit 0 degrees and 180 degrees two quantized phases are generated before and after rotation; meanwhile, the positions of the two side branches of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna connected with the rectangular patch are adjusted, and a continuous 0-90 degree phase shift range is realized, that is, an over-2-bit phase shift range of 0-90 degrees and 180-270 degrees is realized; the over-2-bit phase adjustment is realized by the combination of rotating the receiving antenna and adjusting the positions of the rectangular patch and the two side branches connected with the rectangular patch, a low-profile, low-loss and wide-band transmissive array antenna is obtained, and the transmissive array antenna has the advantages of simple structure, wide band and high aperture efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of millimeter-wave transmission array antenna technology, specifically relating to an over-2-bit broadband transmission array unit, antenna, and method of use based on a receive-transmit structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, radar and long-range communication systems require high-gain antennas to improve the overall system's detection and long-distance transmission capabilities. Transmissive array antennas have attracted considerable attention due to their advantages such as high gain, simple fabrication, elimination of the need for complex phased array antenna feed networks, and avoidance of feed obstruction issues common with reflective array antennas. A transmissive array antenna consists of a feed source and a transmission array. Its working principle involves phase-adjusting the spherical wave radiated from the feed source to convert it into a plane wave, thereby achieving a high-gain pencil beam in a specified direction. Phase adjustment is mainly achieved by controlling the transmission phase of each transmissive array element to compensate for the different path lengths between the feed source and the transmission array. Ideally, each element should provide continuous phase compensation between 0° and 360°. However, a continuous 360° phase coverage range typically results in a high profile and narrow bandwidth for the transmissive array antenna.

[0003] In recent years, transmission array antennas with quantized phase compensation design have received increasing attention, and various 1-bit, 2-bit and 3-bit transmission array antennas have been proposed.

[0004] In 2020, Fan Wu and Jingxue Wang, among other scholars, proposed a broadband, low-cross-polarization 1-bit transmission array antenna. Both the receiver and transmitter layers of the element utilize the same magnetoelectric dipole antenna, directly connected via a metal via. Two quantized phases, 0° and 180°, were achieved by rotating the feed stub by 180°. Simultaneously, low cross-polarization was achieved through optimized phase compensation. Test results show that the antenna achieves a peak gain of 25.2 dBi and a peak aperture efficiency of 28% in the 20-33 GHz frequency range, reaching a cross-polarization level of -35 dB. However, the use of a 1-bit phase compensation method results in lower aperture efficiency, which may limit its practical application.

[0005] In 2022, P. Mei and GFPedersen et al. proposed a 2-bit transmission array antenna based on a multi-layer frequency selective surface. The antenna element consists of five metal layers and four dielectric layers. By employing two different element types and mirroring the fourth metal layer of both types, they achieved four quantized phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Test results show that the antenna has a peak gain of 26.1 dBi and a peak aperture efficiency of 44.7% in the 22-40 GHz frequency range. The use of two different element types for phase shift compensation increases the design complexity.

[0006] In 2022, Bing Jie Xiang and Xin Dai, among other scholars, proposed a broadband 2-bit transmissive array antenna based on a receive-transmit structure. The antenna consists of a receiver layer, a phase-shifting layer, and a transmitter layer. By changing the structure of the phase-shifting layer and rotating it, four quantized phases (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) were achieved. Test results show that the antenna achieves a peak gain of 25.7 dBi, a 3dB gain bandwidth of 38.7%, and a peak aperture efficiency of 53% in the 18-30 GHz frequency range. The addition of a phase-shifting layer to the transmissive array element results in a high profile antenna.

[0007] In 2020, F. Foglia Manzillo and A. Clemente et al. proposed a D-band 3-bit transmission array antenna, where the receiving and transmitting antennas are coupled electromagnetically via aperture coupling or metal vias. By designing five different element types, eight quantized phases (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315°) were achieved. Test results show that the antenna has a peak gain of 32 dBi and a peak aperture efficiency of 32% in the 130-175 GHz frequency range. The use of multiple element types to achieve phase shift compensation increased the design complexity.

[0008] Based on the above analysis, the problems and shortcomings of the existing technology are as follows:

[0009] 1. Existing 1-bit transmission array antenna phase quantization usually results in a gain loss of about 3dB, which generally leads to a relatively low aperture efficiency of the antenna.

[0010] 2. To achieve four types of phase quantization, existing 2-bit transmission array antennas typically require the design of four different structural units, or the addition of a phase delay line structure between the receiving and transmitting units, which is achieved by changing the structure of the phase delay line. This design results in a high profile of the transmission array antenna, increasing the complexity of the design.

[0011] 3. The phase quantization of existing 3-bit transmission array antennas requires the design of various units with different structures, which increases the design difficulty.

[0012] The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is as follows:

[0013] Designing multiple elements to increase the phase shift compensation range increases the design complexity. Therefore, designing only a single structure of transmission array elements to simplify the number of elements and structure, and achieving over-2-bit phase shift compensation is quite difficult.

[0014] Without adding an additional phase-shifting layer, the antenna profile height is reduced, achieving a low-profile transmission array antenna;

[0015] To increase the bandwidth of an antenna element, one can add a wide-angle impedance matching layer or change the antenna structure, but this will also increase the antenna profile. Therefore, it is difficult to find a compromise. Summary of the Invention

[0016] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an over-2-bit broadband transmission array unit, antenna, and method of use based on a receive-transmit structure. By rotating the receiving antenna and adjusting the position of the rectangular patches of the receiving and transmitting antennas in the broadband transmission array unit connected to the stubs on both sides, over-2-bit phase adjustment is achieved, resulting in a low-profile, low-loss, and wide-bandwidth broadband transmission array antenna. The present invention reduces the antenna profile height, processing difficulty, and processing cost. Its manufacturing process is simple and can be applied to miniaturized and integrated communication systems. It has the advantages of simple structure, wide bandwidth, and high aperture efficiency, and can meet the high-performance communication requirements in the millimeter-wave band.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0018] A broadband transmission array unit based on a receive-transmit structure with an over-2-bit bandwidth includes a receiving antenna 1 and a transmitting antenna 2, wherein a metal through-hole 7 passes through the receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2.

[0019] The receiving antenna 1 includes a first metal layer 3, a first dielectric layer 4, a first adhesive layer 5, and a second metal layer 6 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The radiating structure of the receiving antenna 1 is located on top of the first dielectric layer 4 and is composed of the first metal layer 3.

[0020] The transmitting antenna 2 includes a second metal layer 6, a second dielectric layer 9, and a third metal layer 8 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The radiating structure of the transmitting antenna 2 is located at the bottom of the second dielectric layer 9 and is composed of the third metal layer 8.

[0021] Both the first metal layer 3 and the third metal layer 8 include a rectangular patch. The rectangular patch has curved branches on both sides. The rectangular patch is biased towards the negative x-axis. The rectangular patch and the curved branches on both sides are coupled, which broadens the impedance bandwidth of the unit.

[0022] A metal through-hole 7 is located at the center of the first metal layer 3 to the third metal layer 8.

[0023] The present invention also provides an antenna based on an over-2-bit broadband transmission array element with a receive-transmit structure, including a linearly polarized feed 10 and a broadband transmission array element. The linearly polarized feed 10 is located above the center of the broadband transmission array element. The broadband transmission array antenna is composed of N×N broadband transmission array elements, where N≥2 and is an integer.

[0024] The linearly polarized feed 10 adopts a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the linearly polarized feed 10 is directed towards the broadband transmission array element.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for using an antenna based on an over-2-bit broadband transmission array element with a receive-transmit structure, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Rotate the receiving antenna 1 in the broadband transmission array unit by 180°, generating two quantized phases of 0° and 180° with a 1-bit value before and after the rotation;

[0027] Step 2: Simultaneously adjust the positions of the stubs on both sides of the receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2 in the broadband transmission array unit to connect with the rectangular patch, thereby generating a continuous phase shift of 0°-90°, thus achieving an over-2-bit phase shift range of 0°-90° and 180°-270°.

[0028] The receiving antenna 1 of the broadband transmission array unit has two states, A and B, and the transmitting antenna has one state, A. State A means that the first metal layer 3 is biased towards the negative x-axis, and state B means that the first metal layer 3 in state A is rotated 180° and then biased towards the positive x-axis.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. Existing 2-bit transmission array antennas achieve phase compensation by designing two different structural units or adding a phase delay line structure between the receiving and transmitting units. However, because they are single units or lack a phase delay line structure, the required phase shift cannot be achieved. This invention achieves the required phase shift by rotating the receiving antenna 1 and adjusting the position of the rectangular patches of the receiving antenna 1 and transmitting antenna 2 in the broadband transmission array unit to the stubs on both sides, avoiding the introduction of new units. This results in a low-profile, low-loss, and wide-bandwidth broadband transmission array antenna. This invention reduces the antenna profile height, processing difficulty, and processing cost. The manufacturing process is simple and can be applied to miniaturized and integrated communication systems. It has the advantages of simple structure, wide bandwidth, and high aperture efficiency, and can meet the high-performance communication requirements in the millimeter-wave band.

[0031] 2. Existing 2-bit transmission array antennas add a phase delay line structure between the receiving and transmitting antennas, which increases the antenna's profile height. The broadband transmission array unit in this invention has a broadband structure and can operate in a wider frequency band. Phase shift is achieved through a radiation structure. This design reduces the antenna profile without introducing a phase delay line structure. By combining the two methods for phase modulation, it increases the phase shift that can be achieved using only one method of phase modulation. This not only simplifies the unit design process and reduces the difficulty of unit structure design, but also enables a broadband, high-efficiency transmission array antenna.

[0032] 3. Regarding increasing the unit bandwidth, in order to design a broadband transmission array unit, this invention found through comparison that adding curved branches on both sides of the rectangular patch can generate coupling between the patch and the branches, which can broaden the impedance bandwidth of the unit.

[0033] 4. This invention requires only 3 metal layers, which is easy to process and reduces costs. The simple three metal layers and two dielectric layers can be fixed with screws, which is convenient for assembly and avoids installation errors caused by assembling multiple dielectric layers, making it convenient to use.

[0034] 5. This invention uses only one type of transmission array element with the same topology but different structure. The antenna structure is simple and has a low profile of 0.18λ.

[0035] 6. This invention achieves a wide operating bandwidth, with the antenna impedance bandwidth reaching 61.54%, which meets the requirements of millimeter-wave band communication and has strong application value.

[0036] 7. The highest gain of the transmission array antenna of this invention is 25.51 dBi, and the 1-dB and 3-dB gain bandwidths reach 26.73% (24.31-31.81 GHz) and 46.47% (21.13 GHz-33.92 GHz) respectively. The aperture efficiency can reach up to 56.12%, which achieves high aperture efficiency and improves the communication quality of the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the broadband transmission array unit of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 These are two different states of the broadband transmission array unit structure in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 (a) is a top view of the broadband transmission array unit in state A; Figure 2 (b) is a top view of the broadband transmission array unit in state B.

[0039] Figure 3 The above diagram shows the simulation results of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the broadband transmission array unit in an embodiment of the present invention at different lengths l1.

[0040] Figure 4 The above diagram shows the simulation results of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the broadband transmission array unit in an embodiment of the present invention at different lengths l2.

[0041] Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams of other phase-shiftable unit structures that operate on the same principle as embodiments of the present invention; wherein, Figure 5 (a) is unit structure 1; Figure 5 (b) is unit structure 2.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a simulation result diagram of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the transmission array antenna element in an embodiment of the present invention with 180° phase quantization.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the transmission array antenna element in an embodiment of the present invention, achieving a continuous phase shift from 0° to 90°.

[0044] Figure 8 These are schematic diagrams of antenna phase compensation and receiving antenna distribution according to embodiments of the present invention; wherein, Figure 8 (a) is a schematic diagram of antenna phase compensation; Figure 8 (b) is a schematic diagram of the distribution of receiving antennas.

[0045] Figure 9 These are top views of the linearly polarized feed 10, antenna array model, and each layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 9 (a) is a diagram of the array structure; Figure 9 (b) is a top view of receiving antenna 1; Figure 9 (c) is a top view of the second metal layer 6; Figure 9 (d) is a top view of transmitting antenna 2.

[0046] Figure 10 This is a simulation result diagram of the antenna reflection coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 11 The figures show the simulation results of antenna gain and aperture efficiency in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 12 These are simulated radiation patterns of the antenna in this embodiment of the invention at 19, 24, and 29 GHz; wherein, Figure 12 (a) is the simulated normalized radiation pattern of the antenna at 19 GHz; Figure 12 (b) is the simulated normalized radiation pattern of the antenna at 24 GHz; Figure 12 (c) shows the simulated normalized radiation pattern of the antenna at 29 GHz.

[0049] Wherein: 1. Receiving antenna; 2. Transmitting antenna; 3. First metal layer; 4. First dielectric layer; 5. First adhesive layer; 6. Second metal layer; 7. Metal via; 8. Third metal layer; 9. Second dielectric layer; 10. Linearly polarized feed. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, an over-2-bit broadband transmission array unit based on a receive-transmit structure includes a receiving antenna 1 and a transmitting antenna 2. The receiving antenna 1 of the broadband transmission array unit is composed of a first metal layer 3, a first dielectric layer 4, a first adhesive layer 5, and a second metal layer 6. The transmitting antenna 2 is composed of a second metal layer 6, a second dielectric layer 9, and a third metal layer 8. The radiating structure of the receiving antenna 1 in the broadband transmission array unit is composed of the first metal layer 3 and is located on top of the first dielectric layer 4. The radiating structure of the transmitting antenna 2 is composed of the third metal layer 8 and is located at the bottom of the second dielectric layer 9. The receiving antenna 1 of the broadband transmission array unit is composed of the first metal layer 3 and is located on top of the first dielectric layer 4. The radiating structure of the transmitting antenna 2 is composed of the third metal layer 8 and is located at the bottom of the second dielectric layer 9. The radiating structures of receiving antenna 1 and transmitting antenna 2, namely the first metal layer 3 and the third metal layer 8, are both composed of a rectangular patch and its two curved branches. The rectangular patch is biased towards the negative x-axis, and the rectangular patch and its two curved branches are coupled, thus widening the impedance bandwidth of the unit. The receiving antenna 1 and transmitting antenna 2 in the broadband transmission array unit are connected through a metal through-hole 7 to achieve electromagnetic energy coupling. The metal through-hole 7 is located at the center of the receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2, and runs through the entire antenna from the first metal layer 3 to the third metal layer 8. The receiving antenna 1 has two states, A and B, while the transmitting antenna 2 only has one state, A.

[0052] The receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2 share the second metal layer 6.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, the outline of the broadband transmission array unit is rectangular.

[0054] The present invention also provides an antenna based on an over-2-bit broadband transmission array element with a receive-transmit structure, including a linearly polarized feed 10 and a broadband transmission array element. The linearly polarized feed 10 is located above the center of the broadband transmission array element. The broadband transmission array antenna is composed of N×N broadband transmission array elements, where N≥2 and is an integer. In this embodiment, the number of transmission arrays is 20×20.

[0055] The linearly polarized feed 10 adopts a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the linearly polarized feed 10 is directed towards the broadband transmission array element.

[0056] The first dielectric layer 4 and the second dielectric layer 9 are made of Taconic TSM-DS, and the first adhesive layer 5 is made of FR27-0040-43F.

[0057] The present invention also provides a method for using an antenna based on an over-2-bit broadband transmission array element with a receive-transmit structure, comprising the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Rotate the receiving antenna 1 in the broadband transmission array unit by 180°, generating two quantized phases of 0° and 180° with a 1-bit value before and after the rotation;

[0059] Step 2: Simultaneously adjust the positions of the stubs on both sides of the receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2 in the broadband transmission array unit to connect with the rectangular patch, thereby generating a continuous phase shift of 0°-90°, thus achieving an over-2-bit phase shift range of 0°-90° and 180°-270°.

[0060] A combination of two methods is used for phase compensation to avoid introducing an additional phase shift layer and reduce the antenna profile.

[0061] The receiving antenna 1 of the broadband transmission array unit has two states, A and B, and the transmitting antenna has one state, A. State A means that the first metal layer 3 is biased towards the negative x-axis, and state B means that the first metal layer 3 in state A is rotated 180° and then biased towards the positive x-axis.

[0062] like Figure 2 (a) Figure 2 As shown in (b), the present invention provides an over-2-bit broadband transmission array unit based on a receive-transmit structure. In terms of the transmission phase shift method, it can not only be achieved by simultaneously adjusting the position w1 of the stubs in the receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2 connected to the rectangular patch, but also by changing the stub lengths l1 and l2 to achieve a certain phase shift range.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, when the length of l1 changes from 1.65mm to 1.85mm, the transmission amplitude is greater than -1.5dB, resulting in a 25° phase shift at 24GHz.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, when the length of l2 changes from 1.2mm to 1.6mm, the transmission amplitude is greater than -1.51dB, resulting in a 25° phase shift at 24GHz.

[0065] In addition to the above, the present invention can achieve a variety of other unit structures for phase shifting:

[0066] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown in (a), the structural form that connects the branches on both sides of the patch; as... Figure 5 (b) shows the structure of the rectangular patch with chamfered corners on both sides.

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, this invention provides simulation results of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the broadband transmission array unit before and after rotating the receiving antenna 1 by 180°. The values ​​before and after rotation correspond to... Figure 2(a) State A and Figure 2 (b) State B shows that in the wide frequency range of 18.2-32GHz, the transmission amplitude in both states is greater than -1dB, the transmission loss is small, and a 180° quantization phase is generated. The phase shift curves are parallel to each other, and the linearity is good.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, this invention provides simulation results of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase when the positions w1 of the receiving antenna 1 and transmitting antenna 2 branches connected to the rectangular patch are adjusted simultaneously. As w1 changes from 0.65mm to 1.6mm, the transmission amplitude is always greater than -1.1dB and the transmission phase shift range is 90°, which shows good unit performance.

[0069] like Figure 8 (a) Figure 8 As shown in (b), the array phase compensation scheme and the schematic diagram of the receiving antenna distribution in the array are given respectively. For the phase distribution of 0°-90° in the unit... Figure 2 (a) Under state A, continuous phase compensation is performed. For the phase distribution of 90°-180°, it is quantized to 90° for compensation, corresponding to the element. Figure 2 (a) State A, with a phase distribution of 180°–270° in the unit Figure 2 (b) Under state B, continuous phase compensation is performed. For the phase distribution of 270°-360°, it is quantized to 270° for compensation, corresponding to the element. Figure 2 (b) State B.

[0070] like Figure 9 As shown, a top view of the antenna array model and each layer structure of the present invention is given. Figure 9 (a) is an array structure diagram. The above antenna elements are arrayed. The outline of the transmission array is rectangular, and the number of arrays is 20×20. A broadband corrugated horn is used as the feed source and placed on the receiving side of the antenna. Figure 9 (b) is a top view of receiving antenna 1. Receiving antenna 1 has two states, with different positions of the branches on both sides of the rectangular patch. Figure 9 (c) is a top view of the second metal layer 6, where the opening in the second metal layer 6 enables the transmission of energy between the receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2; Figure 9 (d) is a top view of transmitting antenna 2. Transmitting antenna 2 has only one state, and the positions of the branches on both sides of the rectangular patch are different.

[0071] Figure 10 Simulation results of the antenna reflection coefficient of the present invention are given. It can be seen that the antenna reflection coefficient of the present invention is less than -10dB in the 18-34GHz frequency band, and the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 61.54%.

[0072] Figure 11 Simulation results of the antenna gain and aperture efficiency of the present invention are shown. It can be seen that the highest gain of the antenna of the present invention is 25.51 dBi, the 1-dB and 3-dB gain bandwidths reach 26.73% (24.31-31.81 GHz) and 46.47% (21.13 GHz-33.92 GHz) respectively, and the highest aperture efficiency can reach 56.12%.

[0073] like Figure 12 (a) Figure 12 (b) and Figure 12 As shown in (c), simulated radiation patterns of the antenna of the present invention at three different frequency points of 19 GHz, 24 GHz and 29 GHz are given respectively. It can be found that the cross-polarization components are all below -30 dB, which indicates that the antenna has a stable radiation pattern and good normal radiation performance.

[0074] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0075] The significance of this invention in solving the above problems and defects lies in:

[0076] 1. The low-profile, low-loss, and wide-bandwidth transmission array antenna of this invention can meet the needs of millimeter-wave frequency band communication development. The aperture efficiency of current bit transmission arrays is relatively low.

[0077] 2. This invention reduces the profile height, processing difficulty and processing cost, and has a simple manufacturing process, making it applicable to miniaturized and integrated communication systems.

[0078] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband transmission array unit based on a receive-transmit structure with an over-2-bit bandwidth, characterized in that: It includes a receiving antenna (1) and a transmitting antenna (2), with a metal through hole (7) passing through between the receiving antenna (1) and the transmitting antenna (2); The receiving antenna (1) includes a first metal layer (3), a first dielectric layer (4), a first adhesive layer (5) and a second metal layer (6) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The radiation structure of the receiving antenna (1) is located on top of the first dielectric layer (4) and is composed of the first metal layer (3). The transmitting antenna (2) includes a second metal layer (6), a second dielectric layer (9) and a third metal layer (8) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The radiating structure of the transmitting antenna (2) is located at the bottom of the second dielectric layer (9) and is composed of the third metal layer (8). The first metal layer (3) and the third metal layer (8) both include rectangular patches. The rectangular patches have curved branches on both sides. The rectangular patches are biased towards the negative x-axis. The rectangular patches and the curved branches on both sides are coupled, which broadens the impedance bandwidth of the unit.

2. The over-2-bit broadband transmission array unit based on a receive-transmit structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metal through-hole (7) is located at the center of the first metal layer (3) to the third metal layer (8).

3. An antenna based on any one of the over-2-bit broadband transmission array elements based on a receive-transmit structure according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The antenna includes a linearly polarized feed (10) and any of the broadband transmission array elements as described in claims 1 to 2, wherein the linearly polarized feed (10) is located above the center of the broadband transmission array element, and the broadband transmission array antenna is composed of N×N broadband transmission array elements, wherein N≥2 and is an integer.

4. The antenna of an over-2-bit broadband transmission array element based on a receive-transmit structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The linearly polarized feed (10) adopts a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the linearly polarized feed (10) is oriented towards the broadband transmission array unit.

5. The method of using the antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Rotate the receiving antenna 1 in the broadband transmission array unit by 180°, generating two quantized phases of 0° and 180° with a 1-bit value before and after the rotation; Step 2: Simultaneously adjust the positions of the stubs on both sides of the receiving antenna 1 and the transmitting antenna 2 in the broadband transmission array unit to connect with the rectangular patch, thereby generating a continuous phase shift of 0°-90°, thus achieving an over-2-bit phase shift range of 0°-90° and 180°-270°.

6. The method of using the antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The receiving antenna (1) of the broadband transmission array unit has two states, A and B, and the transmitting antenna has one state, A. State A is when the first metal layer (3) is biased toward the negative x-axis, and state B is when the first metal layer (3) of state A is rotated 180° and biased toward the positive x-axis.

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