Anti-icing and deicing pickering emulsion and method for preparing and applying the same

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of emulsion, and particularly relates to a kind of anti-icing deicing Pickering emulsion and its preparation and application method.In order to overcome the problems of single function and poor effect of the existing coating anti-icing and deicing technology for wind turbine blades, hydrophilic modified carbon black is selected as the stable particles of Pickering emulsion, and mixed with non-ionic surfactant as the water phase of Pickering emulsion;PDMS prepolymer is selected as the oil phase of Pickering emulsion.The water phase and oil phase are mixed in a certain proportion, and under the action of mechanical shear force, the modified carbon black can be oriented and densely assembled at the oil-water interface of the emulsion, thereby obtaining a stable oil-in-water Pickering emulsion.The multifunctional Pickering emulsion prepared is scraped on the surface of an object, dried and cured to form a super-hydrophobic coating with micro-nano rough structure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of emulsion, and particularly relates to a kind of anti-icing deicing Pickering emulsion and its preparation and application method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wind energy as a sustainable renewable clean energy is increasingly valued by the state, the latest data shows that during 2006-2017, the average annual growth rate of wind power installed capacity in China reached 46%. In 2019, China's power supply structure continues to transform to green and low carbon, non-fossil energy power generation installed capacity and power generation capacity have maintained rapid growth. At present, the wind energy resource rich areas in China are mainly located in "three north", coastal and inland mountainous areas, since the south wind resource rich areas are basically in the alpine and humid regions, cold and humid in winter, often encounter icing disasters. The icing of wind turbine blades seriously affects the safety and reliability of wind turbine power supply, thereby causing the problems of wind turbine power generation capacity decline, wind speed and temperature measurement values are underestimated and service life is reduced. In addition, during the operation of the wind turbine, the ice on the surface of the blade melts, and the large ice is thrown off from the blade, which is easy to cause safety hazards. Therefore, it is urgent to develop reliable and efficient wind turbine anti-icing and deicing technology to solve the problem of icing on the surface of the wind turbine.

[0003] The coating anti-icing and deicing technology refers to coating a coating with hydrophobic property on the surface of the wind turbine blade to make the supercooled water droplets difficult to adhere to the surface of the wind turbine blade to achieve the effect of anti-icing and deicing. This method does not need the system to provide additional energy, and the damage to the environment is relatively small, can be applied in the running wind farm and the construction is simple, and is favored by wind power operating enterprises. Since its adhesion and wear resistance are weak, the coating is easy to be worn or fall off when the blade rotates at high speed. In addition, for the wind turbine blade anti-icing and deicing relying only on the coating with hydrophobic property, the function is relatively single, especially for the wind turbine blade which has been iced.

[0004] The multifunctional coating with hydrophobic, photothermal and electrothermal conversion properties can effectively realize the surface anti-icing and deicing of the wind turbine blade. Among them, carbon black has attracted great attention in the field of preparing multifunctional coating due to its low price, high blackness and tinting power, high electrical conductivity and excellent photothermal conversion performance, and is widely used in wind turbine blade anti-icing and deicing. Although carbon black itself has good hydrophobicity, but after drying and curing of the coating, it is difficult for carbon black to form a micro-nano rough structure with low surface energy, so that the water contact angle of the coating is not ideal, which affects the anti-icing effect of the wind turbine blade. In addition, since carbon black has a large specific surface area, it is easy to agglomerate during the preparation of the coating, and it is difficult to uniformly disperse in various solvent systems, thereby causing poor photothermal conversion and electrothermal conversion effect of the coating. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the problems of single function and poor effect of the existing ice-proof and de-icing technology for the coating of wind turbine blades, the application provides an ice-proof and de-icing Pickering emulsion and a preparation and application method thereof. The prepared Pickering emulsion can be used for the ice-proof and de-icing coating of wind turbine blades. In order to achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A preparation method of an ice-proof and de-icing Pickering emulsion, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Surface modification of carbon black: disperse the carbon black in a strong acid solution, heat and stir; then collect the modified carbon black filter cake by suction filtration, repeatedly wash and suction filter 4-6 times with deionized water to remove excess acid; finally, transfer the carbon black filter cake to a vacuum oven for drying;

[0008] (2) Preparation of Pickering emulsion stabilized by modified carbon black: disperse the modified carbon black into water to prepare a carbon black suspension; then dissolve a non-ionic surfactant in the carbon black suspension; pre-disperse the carbon black suspension by ultrasonic for 2-3 hours and reserve it as the water phase of the Pickering emulsion; select PDMS prepolymer as the oil phase of the Pickering emulsion; then mix the PDMS prepolymer and the carbon black suspension according to the oil-water volume ratio, stir to make it homogeneous; then add a silane coupling agent thereto, stir at 200-300 rpm for 1-2 hours to obtain the Pickering emulsion.

[0009] In the step (1), the carbon black filter cake is transferred to a vacuum oven at 90-110°C for drying for 6-8 hours.

[0010] In the step (1), after the carbon black is dispersed in the strong acid solution, heat to 30-50°C, stir at 200-300 rpm for 1-2 hours.

[0011] In the step (1), as a preferred, the carbon black is dispersed in the strong acid solution at a concentration of 0.1-0.3 g / mL.

[0012] In the step (1), as a preferred, the concentration of the strong acid solution is 1-3 mol / L.

[0013] In the step (1), as a preferred, the type of the strong acid solution is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.

[0014] In the step (2), as a preferred, the concentration of the carbon black in the carbon black suspension is 0.01-0.03 g / mL.

[0015] In the step (2), as a preferred, the non-ionic surfactant is Glucopon 650EC, TERGITOL CA-90, Span 80, which is used to improve the dispersibility of carbon black in water and to play a synergistic emulsification effect with carbon black in preparing Pickering emulsion.

[0016] In the step (2), as a preferred, the non-ionic surfactant is dissolved in the carbon black suspension at a concentration of 0.001-0.003 g / mL.

[0017] In the step (2), the PDMS prepolymer is Dow Corning Sylgard 184, in which the mass ratio of the base component to the curing agent in the PDMS prepolymer is 10:1.

[0018] In the step (2), as a preferred, the oil-water volume ratio of the Pickering emulsion is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3.

[0019] In the step (2), as a preferred, the homogenization time of the Pickering emulsion is 3-5 min, and the rotation speed is 14000-18000 rpm.

[0020] In the step (2), the Pickering emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion with stable properties.

[0021] In the step (2), as a preferred, the silane coupling agent is methyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, or hexadecyltrimethoxysilane.

[0022] In the step (2), as a preferred, the silane coupling agent is added to the Pickering emulsion at a concentration of 0.01-0.03 g / mL.

[0023] An application method of an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, the surface of the object to be treated is washed and then dried; then the Pickering emulsion prepared above is transferred to the surface of the object, and a coating with a thickness of 0.5 mm is coated on the surface of the object using a doctor blade, and then the object is transferred to an oven for curing, and a coating is obtained on the surface of the object.

[0024] In the application method, the object is a wind turbine blade, the washing is performed 3-6 times with ethanol, the oven temperature is 50-80℃, and the curing time is 2-4 h.

[0025] The present application proposes a Pickering emulsion interface assembly strategy, by selecting hydrophilic modified carbon black as the stable particle of Pickering emulsion, using sulfuric acid to modify the surface of carbon black to give the carbon black surface rich functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl), and at the same time has good amphiphilicity, for the subsequent hydrophobic modification of carbon black. Then dispersed in water as the water phase of Pickering emulsion, the prepolymer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the oil phase of Pickering emulsion, under the action of mechanical shear force, the modified carbon black can be oriented and densely assembled at the oil-water interface of the emulsion, so as to obtain stable oil-in-water Pickering emulsion. Further, the carbon black at the oil-water interface of the Pickering emulsion is hydrophobically modified by using silane coupling agent, the rich hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of carbon black will react with the silane coupling agent, and the reacted carbon black can obtain lower surface energy. Finally, the multifunctional Pickering emulsion prepared is coated on the surface of the wind turbine blade, and the emulsion breaks during drying and curing. The water phase in the Pickering emulsion will gradually volatilize during heating, while the PDMS in the oil phase will spread on the surface of the wind turbine blade first, and then solidify on the surface of the blade. During the whole drying and curing process, the modified carbon black is fixed on the surface of PDMS and does not enter the interior of PDMS, thereby forming a superhydrophobic coating with a micro-nano rough structure.

[0026] By selecting carbon black with good hydrophobicity as the electrothermal and photothermal conversion unit, based on the good hydrophobicity, excellent photothermal conversion and electrothermal conversion effect of carbon black, the wind turbine blade ice prevention and removal can be effectively solved. The key to realizing the preparation of multifunctional coating lies in that the carbon black forms a micro-nano rough structure with low surface energy on the surface of the blade after the coating is dried and cured.

[0027] Therefore, the multifunctional Pickering emulsion prepared for wind turbine blade ice prevention and removal has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) Compared with the traditional method of preparing ice prevention coating by blending carbon black and PDMS through solution, the Pickering emulsion interface assembly strategy proposed in the present application can efficiently construct a micro-nano rough structure on the surface of the wind turbine blade with a small amount of carbon black, and endow the blade with hydrophobicity. At the same time, the surface energy of the hydrophobically modified carbon black is significantly reduced, so that the hydrophobicity of the formed coating is further improved.

[0029] (2) The carbon black is densely assembled on the surface of PDMS through the Pickering emulsion interface assembly strategy, thereby forming a continuous conductive network, and its electrical conductivity is much higher than that of the carbon black / PDMS coating prepared by direct melt blending. Therefore, under an external voltage, the coating formed on the surface of the wind turbine blade can remove the ice on the blade by electrothermal method.

[0030] (3) The carbon black can be used as an excellent light-heat conversion unit to remove ice on the surface of the wind turbine blade.

[0031] (4) The PDMS is selected as the base material of the coating, which has good flexibility and corrosion resistance, and can tightly fix the carbon black on the surface of the blade to increase the durability of the coating.

[0032] (5) The method for preparing the multifunctional coating on the surface of the wind turbine blade through the Pickering emulsion interface assembly strategy is easy to operate and can be mass-produced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The water contact angle of the coating prepared on the surface of the wind turbine blade according to the present application is shown in (a) Example 1, (b) Example 2, (c) Example 3, (d) Example 4, and (e) Comparative Example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. The reagents used in the examples are all obtained by conventional experiments or purchased. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present application, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or modifications to the present application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, comprising the following steps:

[0037] (1) Surface modification of carbon black: 10 g of carbon black was dispersed in 100 mL of 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at a concentration of 0.1 g / mL, heated to 30°C, and stirred at 200 rpm for 2 h; then the modified carbon black filter cake was collected by suction filtration, washed repeatedly with deionized water, and suction filtered 4 times to remove excess hydrochloric acid; finally, the carbon black filter cake was transferred to a 90°C vacuum oven and dried for 6 h;

[0038] (2) Preparation of Pickering emulsion stabilized by modified carbon black: The carbon black prepared above was dispersed into 60 mL water to prepare a carbon black suspension with a concentration of 0.01 g / mL; then a non-ionic surfactant Glucopon 650EC was dissolved in the carbon black suspension with a concentration of 0.001 g / mL to improve the dispersibility of carbon black in water and play a synergistic emulsifying effect with carbon black in the preparation of Pickering emulsion; the carbon black suspension was pre-dispersed by ultrasonic for 2 h and was used as the water phase of Pickering emulsion; a PDMS prepolymer with a brand of Dow Corning Sylgard 184 was selected as the oil phase of Pickering emulsion, in which the mass ratio of basic component to curing agent was 10:1; then 60 mL of the PDMS prepolymer and the carbon black suspension were mixed with an oil-water ratio of 1:1, and the homogenization time was 3 min at a speed of 18000 rpm, thereby obtaining an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion stabilized by carbon black and Glucopon 650EC; then methyltrimethoxysilane was added to the Pickering emulsion prepared above with a concentration of 0.01 g / mL, and stirred at 200 rpm for 1 h to make the methyltrimethoxysilane completely hydrolyzed and react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of carbon black, so that the carbon black obtained a lower surface energy.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) Surface modification of carbon black: 10 g of carbon black was dispersed in 33.3 mL of 3 mol / L sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 0.3 g / mL, heated to 50°C, and stirred at 300 rpm for 1 h; then the modified carbon black filter cake was collected by suction filtration, washed repeatedly with deionized water, and suction filtered 6 times to remove excess sulfuric acid. Finally, the carbon black filter cake was transferred to a vacuum oven at 110°C and dried for 8 h;

[0042] (2) Preparation of Pickering emulsion stabilized by modified carbon black: The carbon black prepared above was dispersed into 60 mL water to prepare a carbon black suspension with a concentration of 0.03 g / mL; then a non-ionic surfactant TERGITOL CA-90 was dissolved in the carbon black suspension with a concentration of 0.003 g / mL to improve the dispersibility of carbon black in water and play a synergistic emulsifying effect with carbon black in the preparation of Pickering emulsion; the carbon black suspension was pre-dispersed by ultrasonic for 3 h and was used as the water phase of Pickering emulsion; a PDMS prepolymer with a trade name of Dow Corning Sylgard 184 was selected as the oil phase of Pickering emulsion, in which the mass ratio of the base component to the curing agent was 10:1; then 30 mL of the PDMS prepolymer was mixed with the carbon black suspension according to an oil-water ratio of 1:2, and the homogenization time was 5 min at a rotation speed of 14000 rpm, thereby obtaining an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion stabilized by carbon black and TERGITOL CA-90 together; then γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added to the Pickering emulsion prepared above with a concentration of 0.03 g / mL, and stirring was performed at 300 rpm for 2 h to make the γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane completely hydrolyzed and react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of carbon black, so that the carbon black obtained a lower surface energy.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, comprising the following steps:

[0045] (1) Surface modification of carbon black: 10 g of carbon black was dispersed in 50 mL of 2 mol / L nitric acid solution with a concentration of 0.2 g / mL, heated to 40°C, and stirred at 300 rpm for 2 h; then the modified carbon black filter cake was collected by suction filtration, washed repeatedly with deionized water, and suction filtered for 5 times to remove excess nitric acid; finally, the carbon black filter cake was transferred to a 100°C vacuum oven for drying for 7 h;

[0046] (2) Preparation of Pickering emulsion stabilized by modified carbon black: The carbon black prepared above was dispersed into 60 mL water to prepare a carbon black suspension with a concentration of 0.02 g / mL; then non-ionic surfactant Span 80 was dissolved in the carbon black suspension with a concentration of 0.002 g / mL to improve the dispersibility of carbon black in water and play a synergistic emulsifying effect with carbon black in the preparation of Pickering emulsion; the carbon black suspension was pre-dispersed by ultrasonic for 2.5 h and was used as the water phase of Pickering emulsion; the PDMS prepolymer with the trade name of Dow Corning Sylgard 184 was selected as the oil phase of Pickering emulsion, in which the mass ratio of the basic component to the curing agent was 10:1; then 20 mL of the PDMS prepolymer and the carbon black suspension were mixed with an oil-water ratio of 1:3, and the homogenization time was 4 min at a speed of 17000 rpm, thereby obtaining an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion stabilized by carbon black and Span 80 together; then hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was added to the Pickering emulsion prepared above with a concentration of 0.02 g / mL, and stirred at 300 rpm for 1 h to make the hexadecyltrimethoxysilane completely hydrolyzed and react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of carbon black, so that the carbon black obtained a lower surface energy.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] A method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, comprising the following steps:

[0049] (1) Surface modification of carbon black: 10 g of carbon black was dispersed in 50 mL of 2 mol / L sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 0.2 g / mL, heated to 30°C, and stirred at 300 rpm for 2 h; then the modified carbon black filter cake was collected by suction filtration, washed repeatedly with deionized water, and suction filtered 6 times to remove excess sulfuric acid; finally, the carbon black filter cake was transferred to a 95°C vacuum oven for drying for 7 h;

[0050] (2) Preparation of Pickering emulsion stabilized by modified carbon black: The carbon black prepared above was dispersed into 60 mL water to prepare a carbon black suspension with a concentration of 0.01 g / mL; then a non-ionic surfactant, Span 80, was dissolved in the carbon black suspension at a concentration of 0.002 g / mL to improve the dispersibility of the carbon black in water and to play a synergistic emulsifying role with the carbon black in the preparation of the Pickering emulsion; the carbon black suspension was pre-dispersed by ultrasonic for 3 h and was used as the water phase of the Pickering emulsion. A PDMS prepolymer with a trade name of Dow Corning Sylgard 184 was selected as the oil phase of the Pickering emulsion, in which the mass ratio of the base component to the curing agent was 10:1; then 30 mL of the PDMS prepolymer and the carbon black suspension were mixed at an oil-water ratio of 1:2, the homogenization time was 5 min, and the rotation speed was 18000 rpm, thereby obtaining a water-in-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by the carbon black and Span 80 together; then hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was added to the Pickering emulsion prepared above at a concentration of 0.03 g / mL, and stirring was performed at 200 rpm for 2 h to make the hexadecyltrimethoxysilane completely hydrolyzed and react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the carbon black, so that the carbon black obtained a lower surface energy.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] A method for applying the anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, the wind turbine blade was washed with ethanol for 3 times, and dried. Then the Pickering emulsion prepared in Example 1 was transferred to the surface of the blade, a coating layer with a thickness of 0.5 mm was coated on the surface of the blade by using a film scraper, and then the blade was transferred to a 50°C oven for curing for 4 h, thereby obtaining a multifunctional coating layer with super-hydrophobic, light-heat conversion and electro-thermal conversion properties on the surface of the blade.

[0053] Example 6

[0054] A method for applying the anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, the wind turbine blade was washed with ethanol for 6 times, and dried. Then the Pickering emulsion prepared in Example 2 was transferred to the surface of the blade, a coating layer with a thickness of 0.5 mm was coated on the surface of the blade by using a film scraper, and then the blade was transferred to an 80°C oven for curing for 2 h, thereby obtaining a multifunctional coating layer with super-hydrophobic, light-heat conversion and electro-thermal conversion properties on the surface of the blade.

[0055] Example 7

[0056] A method for applying the anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, the wind turbine blade was washed with ethanol for 5 times, and dried. Then the Pickering emulsion prepared in Example 3 was transferred to the surface of the blade, a coating layer with a thickness of 0.5 mm was coated on the surface of the blade by using a film scraper, and then the blade was transferred to a 70°C oven for curing for 3 h, thereby obtaining a multifunctional coating layer with super-hydrophobic, light-heat conversion and electro-thermal conversion properties on the surface of the blade.

[0057] Example 8

[0058] A method for applying the anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, the wind turbine blade is washed with ethanol for 5 times, and then dried. Then the Pickering emulsion prepared in Example 4 is transferred to the surface of the blade, and a coating with a thickness of 0.5 mm is coated on the surface of the blade by using a doctor blade, and then the blade is transferred to a 70℃ oven for curing for 4h, and a multifunctional coating with super-hydrophobic, light-heat conversion and electro-thermal conversion properties can be obtained on the surface of the blade.

[0059] Comparative Example

[0060] 10g of carbon black is dispersed in 50mL of 2mol / L sulfuric acid solution at a concentration of 0.2g / mL, heated to 30℃, and stirred at 300rpm for 2h. Then the modified carbon black filter cake is collected by suction filtration, and washed repeatedly with deionized water for 6 times to remove excess sulfuric acid. The carbon black filter cake is transferred to a 95℃ vacuum oven for drying for 7h. 0.6g of carbon black is mixed with 30mL of PDMS prepolymer, and then the carbon black / PDMS mixture is coated on the surface of the wind turbine blade with a coating thickness of 0.5mm. Finally, the blade is transferred to a 70℃ oven for curing for 4h, and a carbon black / PDMS coating can be obtained on the surface of the blade.

[0061] Table 1 1kW m -2 Water contact angle, rolling angle and de-icing rate of wind turbine blade under sunlight

[0062] Sample Water contact angle (°) Rolling angle (°) Deicing rate (Kgm -2 h -1 )]]> Example 5 140 7 2 Example 6 139 6 2.3 Example 7 138 5 2.1 Example 8 141 6 2.3 Comparative Example 95 16 0.4

[0063] Table 2 1kW m -2 Ice adhesion strength and de-icing rate of wind turbine blade under sunlight and 100V working voltage

[0064] Sample Ice adhesion strength (kPa) Deicing rate (Kgm -2 h -1 )]]> Example 5 22 3.0 Example 6 19 2.9 Example 7 21 3.1 Example 8 20 2.9 Comparative Example 980 0.6

[0065] From Figure 1 , Table 1, Table 2 can be seen, the multifunctional Pickering emulsion prepared in the application can form a multifunctional coating with good anti-icing and de-icing effect after being applied to the surface of the wind turbine blade, and the water contact angle is significantly greater than that of the comparative example, and the rolling angle is significantly lower than that of the comparative example. Under the condition of light and applied working voltage, the coating significantly reduces the ice adhesion strength through the multiple synergistic effect of light-heat conversion and electro-thermal conversion, and the de-icing rate is also much greater than that of the comparative example.

[0066] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present application, rather than limit the present application, any modification and change made to the present application within the spirit and protection scope of the claims of the present application, falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Surface modification of carbon black: Disperse carbon black in a strong acid solution of 1-3 mol / L (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid) at a concentration of 0.1-0.3 g / mL. Heat to 30-50 °C and stir at 200-300 rpm for 1-2 h. Collect the modified carbon black filter cake by filtration 4-6 times, wash repeatedly with deionized water, and filter to remove excess acid. Finally, transfer the carbon black filter cake to a vacuum oven for drying. (2) Preparation of a modified carbon black stabilized Pickering emulsion: The carbon black prepared in step (1) is dispersed in water to prepare a carbon black suspension; a nonionic surfactant is then dissolved in the carbon black suspension; the carbon black suspension is pre-dispersed by ultrasonication and used as the aqueous phase of the Pickering emulsion; a PDMS prepolymer is selected as the oil phase of the Pickering emulsion; the PDMS prepolymer and the carbon black suspension are then mixed according to a certain oil-water volume ratio and stirred to make them homogeneous; a silane coupling agent is then added thereto and stirred to obtain a water-in-oil type Pickering emulsion with stable properties.

2. The method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the carbon black filter cake is transferred to a vacuum oven at 90-110°C and dried for 6-8 h.

3. The method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the concentration of carbon black in the carbon black suspension is 0.01-0.03 g / mL.

4. The method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the brand of the non-ionic surfactant is Glucopon 650 EC, TERGITOL CA-90 or Span 80, the non-ionic surfactant is dissolved in the carbon black suspension at a concentration of 0.001-0.003 g / mL and ultrasonicated for 2-3 hours, the brand of the PDMS prepolymer is Dow Corning Sylgard 184, and the mass ratio of the basic components to the curing agent in the PDMS prepolymer is 10:

1.

5. The method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the oil-water volume ratio of the Pickering emulsion is 1:1, 1:2 or 1:

3.

6. The method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the homogenization time of the Pickering emulsion is 3 to 5 minutes, and the rotation speed is 14,000 to 18,000 rpm.

7. The method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), a silane coupling agent is added to the Pickering emulsion at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.03 g / mL, and the mixture is stirred at 200 to 300 rpm for 1 to 2 hours. The type of the silane coupling agent is methyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or hexadecyltrimethoxysilane.

8. An application method of Pickering emulsion for anti-icing and de-icing, characterized in that: The surface of the object to be treated is washed and then dried; the Pickering emulsion prepared by the preparation method of the anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 1 is then transferred to the surface of the object, a coating is applied to the surface of the object using a scraper, and the object is then transferred to an oven for curing to obtain a coating on the surface of the object.

9. The method for applying the anti-icing and de-icing Pickering emulsion according to claim 8, wherein: The object is a wind turbine blade, which is washed with ethanol 3 to 6 times. The coating thickness is 0.5 mm, the oven temperature is 50 to 80 ° C, and the curing time is 2 to 4 hours.

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