A method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for setting the plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field. A plastic film with a width of 205 cm is laid in the cotton field, and 4 or 5 rows of cotton are planted in a wide and narrow row pattern on each plastic film in the cotton field. The upper edge rows between adjacent two plastic films are the intersection rows. The row spacing of the wide row is 76 - narrow row spacing / 2 cm. When 4 rows of cotton are planted on the film, the row spacing of the intersection row is 76 cm. When 5 rows of cotton are planted on the film, the row spacing of the intersection row is 76 - narrow row spacing cm. The planting rows on both sides of the narrow row have a short plant spacing, and the remaining planting rows have a long plant spacing. By redesigning the row spacing, the present invention can ensure that the center line of the narrow row in the cotton field and the cross-section of the corresponding cotton picking head shaft are in the same plane, and all the planting rows except the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row are in the same plane as the cross-section of the cotton picking head shaft of the cotton picker, thereby greatly improving the picking rate and reducing the disturbance to the cotton plants during mechanical picking, and further being beneficial to reducing the occurrence of impurities and dropped cotton in the mechanically picked seed cotton.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of cotton planting, and particularly relates to a method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in high-quality and high-yield cotton fields. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the cotton planting area in Xinjiang is approximately 37.5 million mu, making Xinjiang the largest cotton-producing province (region) in China. Its total cotton output accounts for about 90% of the national cotton output, demonstrating the huge production capacity and important position of Xinjiang cotton. However, in the long-term production of Xinjiang cotton, the mainstream row spacing setting is 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow rows and its derivatives ( Figure 3 , which means that when configuring wide-narrow rows, the wide row is 63 - 66 cm, and the narrow row is 13 - 10 cm. On the premise of ensuring that the wide row + narrow row = 76 cm, the wide row and narrow row can be appropriately adjusted within a certain range. For example, if the wide row is 64 cm, then the narrow row is 12 cm), with an average row spacing of 38 cm and a theoretical density as high as 18,500 plants per mu. Over the years, the average lint yield per mu in the whole region has been stable at over 130 kg per mu, and the highest yield in a single year was 143.9 kg per mu. Therefore, the high-yielding nature of this technology is beyond doubt. However, due to the excessively high cotton field density designed by the 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow rows and its derivatives widely used in production, and the plant spacing in the same cotton field being a single fixed value (such as 9.4 or 10.4 or 11.4 cm, etc.), it is not only not conducive to constructing a high-quality population in high-yield cotton fields, but also seriously affects the defoliation and ripening effect of cotton fields. When performing chemical defoliation and ripening operations, the cotton leaves shed from the upper and middle parts of the plants are prone to form hanging branches and leaves. Coupled with the low defoliation rate of the lower cotton leaves, the impurity content of seed cotton in many machine-picked cotton fields is as high as over 14%. To remove impurities, the number and intensity of impurity cleaning during cotton seed cotton processing have to be "highly configured", resulting in serious mechanical damage to cotton fibers and ultimately a decline in the quality of cotton fibers. Especially when compared with the cotton in Australia, a high-quality cotton-producing country, or the SJV / ACALA cotton in the United States, there is an obvious gap in quality. The inventor analyzed and believes that this gap is closely related to the unreasonable setting of plant spacing and row spacing.

[0003] To solve this problem, although many experts and professors, including the inventor, proposed corresponding technical solutions through experiments many years ago, the main content of which was to change the 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow row design to a 76 cm equal row spacing setting, and reduce the original plant spacing of 9.4 cm or 10.4 cm or 11.4 cm to a super-short plant spacing of 5.5 cm. However, years of production practice have shown that when the 76 cm equal row spacing setting is adopted and the plant spacing is reduced to 5.5 cm, although the density is well guaranteed, when defoliating and accelerating ripening in the cotton field, compared with the cotton field with the conventional 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow row spacing design mode, the hanging branches and leaves not only do not improve, but instead become more serious, and there is a greater risk of yield decline. When the plant spacing is designed to be more than 6.9 cm, although the impurities are lower during mechanical cotton harvesting, the theoretical density per unit area is as low as 9,850 - 12,700 plants / mu. Compared with the high-density planting applied in large areas in Xinjiang, since the theoretical density is reduced by more than 31.4 - 46.8%, the cotton yield is generally significantly reduced compared with the conventional 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow row spacing design mode. Due to the deficiencies of the 76 cm equal row spacing setting, up to now, the 76 cm equal row spacing technology is mainly limited to a very small number of cotton-growing areas such as Kuitun (including the 7th Division of the Corps), Bole, and Shihezi (including the 8th Division of the Corps) in northern Xinjiang, and most other cotton-growing areas are sporadic or even hardly applied. As is well known, Xinjiang is a cotton-growing area with high latitudes, poor heat resources, arid and less rainy in the cotton-growing area, large evaporation, and in addition, the soil salinity is heavy and the seasonal shortage of water resources is serious, thus forming a cotton field environment and planting management characteristics that are completely different from other cotton-growing areas at home and abroad. For example, the "short + dense + early + film + drip irrigation" planting management mode with obvious regional characteristics, and no cotton-growing area abroad has this management mode, resulting in no successful cases at home and abroad for developing row spacing designs and their supporting methods that are conducive to improving the quality of machine-picked cotton fields similar to those in Xinjiang cotton-growing areas.

[0004] Up to now, with the continuous expansion of the popularization and application area of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang, in view of the fact that the existing row spacing configuration and its supporting methods in Xinjiang cotton production are one of the main reasons for the decline of the internal and external quality of Xinjiang cotton, in order to ensure the sustainable development of Xinjiang cotton, the inventor believes that it is necessary to redesign the existing row spacing settings in Xinjiang cotton fields and develop its supporting methods, so as to improve the quality of machine-picked raw cotton while maintaining the high-yield level of the cotton field with the 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow row spacing design mode, thus meeting the needs of the sustainable development of Xinjiang cotton. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for setting row spacing of high-quality and high-yield cotton fields in view of the deficiencies existing in the main popular row spacing mode of alternately arranged 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow rows in production.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field. Plastic film with a width of 205 cm is laid in the cotton field, and 4 or 5 rows of cotton are planted in each plastic film in the cotton field according to wide and narrow rows. The upper rows between adjacent two plastic films are the transfer rows. The row spacing of the wide row is 76 - narrow row spacing / 2 cm. When 4 rows of cotton are planted on the film, the row spacing of the transfer row is 76 cm. When 5 rows of cotton are planted on the film, the row spacing of the transfer row is 76 - narrow row spacing cm. The planting rows on both sides of the narrow row have a short plant spacing, and the rest of the planting rows have a long plant spacing.

[0007] In the method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field of the present invention, when 4 rows of cotton are planted in each plastic film in the cotton field, 2 of the planting rows are planted in the middle of the plastic film to form a narrow row, and the center line of the narrow row coincides with the central axis of the plastic film. The other 2 planting rows are respectively planted on both sides of the plastic film to form 2 wide rows with the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row.

[0008] When 4 rows of cotton are planted in each plastic film, the planting rows in this cotton field are arranged in a row spacing setting mode of wide row + narrow row + wide row + transfer row... continuously cycling, as Figure 1 shown.

[0009] In the method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field of the present invention, when 5 rows of cotton are planted in each plastic film, 2 planting rows respectively planted on the left and right sides of the plastic film form narrow rows on both sides, and 1 planting row planted in the middle of the plastic film forms 2 wide rows with the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row.

[0010] When 5 rows of cotton are planted in each plastic film, the planting rows in this cotton field are arranged in a row spacing setting mode of narrow row + wide row + wide row + narrow row + transfer row... continuously cycling, as Figure 2 shown.

[0011] In the method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field of the present invention, the row spacing of the narrow row is 10 - 13 cm.

[0012] In the method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field of the present invention, drip irrigation tapes are laid in the cotton field in a way of 2 rows in 1 belt and 1 row in 1 belt at the same time. The drip irrigation tapes are of single-wing labyrinth type or inlaid patch type.

[0013] In the method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field of the present invention, the distance between the drip irrigation tape and its nearest planting row is 5 - 7 cm.

[0014] The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in high-quality and high-yield cotton fields according to the present invention is to lay drip irrigation tapes in a way of 2 rows in 1 band in the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row (in "2 rows in 1 band", "row" refers to the planting row, and "band" refers to the drip irrigation tape, that is, 2 planting rows share 1 drip irrigation tape). The drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row or on any one side of the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row; in the other planting rows outside the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row, drip irrigation tapes are laid in a way of 1 row in 1 band close to the other planting row (in "1 row in 1 band", "row" refers to the planting row, and "band" refers to the drip irrigation tape, that is, 1 planting row is equipped with 1 drip irrigation tape). However, in any case, it is necessary to ensure that the number of drip irrigation tapes laid in each wide row ≤ 1 strip.

[0015] The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in high-quality and high-yield cotton fields according to the present invention, the thickness of the plastic film ≥ 0.010 - 0.012 mm. During the cotton boll opening period, the plastic film can maintain a transverse tensile load ≥ 0.5 N and a transverse nominal strain at break ≥ 25.0%.

[0016] The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in high-quality and high-yield cotton fields according to the present invention, the plant spacing in the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row is 9.4 - 11.4 cm, and the plant spacing in all other planting rows is 6.5 - 8.4 cm.

[0017] The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in high-quality and high-yield cotton fields according to the present invention, when the plant spacing < 7.0 cm, when sowing the cotton field, the duckbill of the hill-drop drill of the seeding machine selected is offset, and the sowing row shows a regular zigzag trend; when the plant spacing ≥ 7.0 cm, its planting row is linear.

[0018] The method of the present invention changes the 6-row pattern on 1 film (film width 205 cm) widely promoted and applied in production to 4 rows or 5 rows on 1 film by reducing the planting rows on the film and appropriately increasing the row spacing. Three different sizes of row spacings, namely wide rows, narrow rows and connecting rows, are set in the same cotton field, combined with two different plant spacing settings of short plant spacing in the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row + long plant spacing in the remaining planting rows, breaking the conventional concept of a single fixed plant spacing design in the same cotton field. Specifically, the plant spacing in the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row is designed to be 9.4 - 11.4 cm, and the plant spacing in other planting rows is set to be 6.5 - 8.4 cm. Since 4 rows on 1 film in the present invention design 1 narrow row in the middle row of the 205 cm wide plastic film, combined with reducing 1 planting row on each side of each film compared with the conventional method, ensuring a relatively high planting density in the middle part of the plastic film, not only ensuring ventilation and light transmission in the edge rows, but also due to the spillover of the edge row effect, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission of cotton in the middle high-density planting area and improving the defoliation and ripening effect when the cotton bolls open, giving play to the temperature and moisture advantages in the middle of the plastic film under the plastic film covering link, and finally achieving the purpose of efficiently utilizing heat, water and soil resources. This invention technology has obvious development advantages in high-yield cotton fields with good water and soil resources, especially super-high-yield cotton fields.

[0019] The 1-film 5-row of the present invention designs one narrow row on each side of the 205-cm-wide plastic film, effectively overcoming the disadvantages of the cotton fields covered with plastic film. For the cotton plants in the planting rows at the film edges, since the problems of weak growth and late development cannot be completely solved, the productivity is relatively low. The present invention combines reducing the number of planting rows in the middle row, thereby not only ensuring ventilation and light transmission in the middle row on the film, but also realizing the overflow of the middle row effect, and creating a better growth and development environment for the planting rows on both sides of the narrow film row. Undoubtedly, it is beneficial to better play the role of the cotton field population advantage and truly achieve the goal of high-quality development of Xinjiang cotton through technological innovation.

[0020] Advantages of the present invention:

[0021] The method of the present invention not only does not affect the high yield of the cotton field, but also is beneficial to improving the defoliation and ripening effect before mechanical cotton picking. The impurities in the machine-picked seed cotton are reduced by 1.6 - 3.9 percentage points, and the impurities are reduced by 11.9 - 27.7% compared with the control. During cotton processing, the cotton can be cleaned 1 - 2 times less, thereby reducing the mechanical loss of the fiber during seed cotton processing. Finally, the length of the raw cotton fiber produced by the method of the present invention is 0.7 - 1.8 mm higher than that of the control, and the fiber strength is 0.4 - 1.1 cN / tex higher than that of the control. In addition, the method of the present invention proposes an optimized scheme for row spacing and plant spacing. Before cotton sowing, according to the production target and the needs of cotton farmers, the hill-drop seeder with the required plant spacing for different planting rows can be replaced, and the machine can be adjusted once, without increasing any cost during this period.

[0022] It should be particularly noted that: through the re-design of the row spacing, the present invention can ensure that the center line of the narrow row in the cotton field and the cross-section (longitudinal) of the cotton picker head axis are in the same plane. The other planting rows except the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row are in the same plane as the cross-section of the cotton picker head axis, thereby greatly improving the picking rate and reducing the disturbance to the cotton plants in the corresponding planting rows during mechanical cotton picking, including the moderate bending phenomenon that is convenient for mechanical cotton picking by gathering towards the cross-section of the picker head axis. Therefore, it is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of impurities and cotton dropping in the machine-picked seed cotton. In short, this application is beneficial to ensuring the high yield, high quality and sustainable development of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang. Description of the drawings

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of planting 4 rows of cotton on the film for the method of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of planting 5 rows of cotton on the film for the method of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the conventional 1-film 6-row cotton in production.

[0026] Among them, reference numerals:

[0027] 1 - plastic film; 2 - drip irrigation tape; 3 - side row; 4 - the second planting row from the film edge; W1 - wide row; W2 - narrow row. Specific Embodiments

[0028] The present invention will be specifically described below through embodiments. It is necessary to point out here that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention according to the above content of the present invention.

[0029] This was carried out in the high-quality cotton production demonstration fields of the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hala Yugong Township, Korla City, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang from 2021 to 2022. Each year, 2 embodiments of planting 4 rows of cotton on the film and 5 rows of cotton on the film and 1 experimental comparative example were set up, and the area of each embodiment was 100 - 150 mu.

[0030] The specific operations of each embodiment and the comparative example in 2021 were carried out according to the following steps:

[0031] Embodiment 1:

[0032] For the cotton field, plastic film 1 with a width of 205 cm was selected. 4 rows of cotton were planted on the film. There were 2 wide rows W1 and 1 narrow row W2 on the film. Two rows of cotton plants were planted in the middle of the film to form the narrow row W2, and the center line of the narrow row overlapped with the central axis of the film. One row of cotton plants was planted on each side of the narrow row W2 to form 2 wide rows W1 ( Figure 1 ). Between the planting rows on both sides of the plastic film 1 in one piece of plastic film 1, that is, the side rows 3, and the side rows 3 on another piece of plastic film 1, a connecting row was formed. The cotton field was set with row spacings in a continuous cycle of wide row + narrow row + wide row + connecting row...; for about half of the area of the cotton field in Embodiment 1, the row spacing of the narrow row W2 was 10 cm, and the row spacing of the connecting row in the cotton field was 76 cm. According to the calculation formula for the row spacing of the wide row W1 on the film: 76 - narrow row spacing / 2 (cm), the row spacings of the two wide rows W1 on the film of the cotton field with a narrow row W2 row spacing of 10 cm were both 71 cm. Obviously, the sizes of the wide row W1, narrow row W2, and connecting row in this cotton field were different; for about the other half of the area of the cotton field in Embodiment 1, the row spacing of the narrow row W2 was 13 cm. According to the calculation formula for the row spacing of the wide row W1 on the film, the row spacings of the two wide rows W1 were both 69.5 cm, and the row spacing of the connecting row in the cotton field was 76 cm;

[0033] For about half of the area of the cotton field in Embodiment 1, single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tapes were used, and for the other half, inlaid patch drip irrigation tapes were used. The drip irrigation tapes 2 were also arranged in two ways: 2 rows in 1 tape and 1 row in 1 tape. The distance between the drip irrigation tape 2 and its nearest planting row should be 5 - 6.5 cm. Among them, for the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row, the drip irrigation tape 2 was laid in the middle of the narrow row in the arrangement of 2 rows in 1 tape. For the planting rows on both sides of the plastic film (side rows 3), the drip irrigation tape 2 was laid on either side of the planting rows on both sides of the film (side rows) in the arrangement of 1 row in 1 tape. For about half of the area of the cotton field in Embodiment 1, 1 drip irrigation tape 2 was laid inside the planting rows on both sides of the film on the film, that is, inside the two wide rows W1Figure 1 ) For the other half of the cotton field area, one drip irrigation tape is laid inside one of the two side rows 3 on the film-covered cotton field, that is, inside the corresponding wide row W1, and one drip irrigation tape 2 is laid outside the other side row 3, that is, laid in the intersection row. Specifically, the drip irrigation tape 2 is laid at a position 5 - 6.5 cm outside the side row 3;

[0034] The thickness of the used plastic film (1) is 0.012 mm. During the cotton boll opening period, the used plastic film can still maintain a transverse tensile load ≥ 0.5 N and a transverse nominal strain at break ≥ 25.0%;

[0035] In Example 1, for about half of the cotton field area, the plant spacing in the narrow row W2 on the film is 9.4 cm, and for the other half of the cotton field area, the plant spacing in the narrow row W2 on the film is 11.4 cm; for about half of the cotton field area in Example 1, the plant spacing of all other planting rows is set to 6.5 cm, and for the other half of the cotton field area, the plant spacing of all other planting rows is set to 8.4 cm. Among them, for the cotton field with a plant spacing of 6.5 cm, when sowing, the duckbill of the hill-drop planter selected is of an offset design to ensure that its planting rows are in a regular zigzag shape; for the plant spacing of 8.4 cm, its planting rows are in a straight line.

[0036] Other seedling protection management methods in the cotton field are carried out according to the conventional methods of local drip-irrigation high-yield cotton fields.

[0037] Example 2:

[0038] The cotton field selects a plastic film 1 with a width of 205 cm. Five rows of cotton are planted on the film. There are 2 wide rows W1 and 2 narrow rows W2 on the film. Two rows of cotton plants are planted on each side of the plastic film, forming two narrow rows on the left and right. One row of cotton plants is planted in the middle of the plastic film, forming 2 wide rows W1 with the planting rows inside the two narrow rows ( Figure 2 ) The planting rows on both sides of the plastic film on one piece of land, that is, the side rows 3, form an intersection row with the side rows 3 on another piece of plastic film 1. The cotton field is set with a row spacing in the pattern of narrow row + wide row + wide row + narrow row + intersection row... continuously cycling; for about half of the cotton field area in Example 2, the row spacing of the narrow row W2 is 10 cm. According to the calculation formula for the row spacing of the wide row W1 on the film: 76 - row spacing of the narrow row / 2 (cm), it is confirmed that the row spacing of the two wide rows W1 on the film of the cotton field with a narrow row W2 row spacing of 10 cm is both 71 cm. According to the calculation formula for the row spacing of the intersection row of the cotton field: 76 - row spacing of the narrow row (cm), the row spacing of the intersection row is obtained as 66 cm. Obviously, the sizes of the wide row W1, narrow row W2, and intersection row in this cotton field are different. For about half of the cotton field area in Example 2, the row spacing of the narrow row W2 is 13 cm. The row spacing of the two wide rows W1 on the film of the cotton field with a narrow row W2 row spacing of 13 cm is both 69.5 cm. According to the calculation formula for the row spacing of the intersection row of the cotton field: 76 - row spacing of the narrow row cm, the row spacing of the intersection row is obtained as 63 cm;

[0039] In Example 2, about half of the cotton field area uses single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tapes, and the other half uses inlaid patch drip irrigation tapes. The drip irrigation tapes 2 adopt two layout methods of 2 rows per tape and 1 row per tape at the same time. The distance between the drip irrigation tape 2 and the nearest planting row should be 5 - 6.5 cm. Among them, the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row are arranged with drip irrigation tapes in the way of 2 rows per tape, and the drip irrigation tapes are laid in the middle of the narrow row; for the row of planting in the middle of the film, its drip irrigation tapes are arranged in the way of 1 row per tape, and the drip irrigation tapes are laid on either side of the middle planting row at 5 - 6 cm( Figure 2 ).

[0040] The thickness of the plastic film 1 used is 0.010 mm. During the cotton boll opening period, the plastic film used can still maintain a transverse tensile load ≥ 0.5 N and a transverse nominal strain at break ≥ 25.0%;

[0041] In about half of the cotton field area of Example 2, the plant spacing of the narrow row W2 on the film is 9.4 cm, and in the other half of the cotton field area, the plant spacing of the narrow row W2 on the film is 11.4 cm; in about half of the cotton field area of Example 2, the plant spacing of all other planting rows is set to 6.5 cm, and in the other half of the cotton field area, the plant spacing of other planting rows is set to 8.4 cm. Among them, for the cotton field with a plant spacing of 6.5 cm, when sowing, the duckbill of the hill-drop planter selected is of an offset design to ensure that its planting rows are in a regular zigzag shape; for the plant spacing of 8.4 cm, its planting rows are in a straight line shape.

[0042] Other seedling protection management methods in the cotton field are carried out according to the conventional methods of local high-yield drip irrigation cotton fields.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] In actual production, when using 205 cm plastic film for covering, the row spacing configuration is basically the 1-film 6-row 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow row mode and its derivatives. For example Figure 3 as shown, two rows of planting rows are respectively planted on both sides of the plastic film to form 2 narrow rows W2 on both sides of the plastic film, and two rows of planting rows are planted in the middle of the plastic film to form the narrow row W2 in the middle. At the same time, the planting rows on both sides of the middle narrow row and the inner planting rows in the narrow rows on both sides of the plastic film form 2 wide rows W1; at the same time, there are also sporadic test reports on the row spacing configuration modes of 1-film 4-row and 1-film 5-row in actual production.

[0045] The 1-film 4-row mode adopted in Comparative Example 1 is specifically to Figure 3In the shown 1-film 6-row planting pattern, simply subtract any one of the two narrow planting rows on both sides of the plastic film respectively. For example, remove both side rows 3 at the same time or remove the second planting rows 4 from the film edge inwards at the same time. In Comparative Example 1, about 50% of the cotton fields subtract the side row 3, and the row spacing configuration on the film is 66 + 10 + 66 cm, and the connection row is 86 cm; about 50% of the cotton fields subtract the cotton plants in the second planting row 4 from the film edge inwards, and the row spacing configuration on the film is 76 + 10 + 76 cm, and the connection row is 66 cm. The average row spacing is 57 cm, and the plant spacing selected for the cotton fields is 9.4 cm.

[0046] Other seedling protection management methods for the cotton fields are carried out according to the conventional methods of the local 1-film 6-row drip irrigation high-yield cotton fields.

[0047] The specific operations of each example in 2022 are carried out according to the following steps

[0048] Example 3:

[0049] The cotton field selects a plastic film 1 with a width of 205 cm. Four rows of cotton are planted on the film. There are 2 wide rows W1 and 1 narrow row W2 on the film. The two rows of cotton plants planted in the middle of the film form the narrow row W2. The center line of the narrow row overlaps with the central axis of the film. One row of cotton plants is planted on each side of the narrow row W2 to form 2 wide rows W1 ( Figure 1 ). The planting rows on both sides of the plastic film on one piece of plastic film, that is, the side row 3 and the side row 3 on another piece of plastic film 1 form a connection row. The cotton field is set with a row spacing in the way of wide row + narrow row + wide row + connection row... continuously cycling; in about half of the area of Example 3 cotton field, the row spacing of the narrow row W2 is 10 cm, and the row spacing of the connection row of the cotton field is 76 cm. According to the calculation formula for the row spacing of the wide row W1 on the film: 76 - narrow row spacing / 2 (cm), it is obtained that the row spacing of the two wide rows W1 on the film of the cotton field with the narrow row W2 row spacing of 10 cm is 71 cm. Obviously, the wide row W1, narrow row W2 and connection row of this cotton field are of different sizes; in about half of the area of Example 3 cotton field, the row spacing of the narrow row W2 is 12 cm. According to the calculation formula for the row spacing of the wide row W1 on the film, the row spacing of the two wide rows W1 is 70 cm, and the row spacing of the connection row is also 76 cm;

[0050] In Example 3 cotton fields, about half of the area uses single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tapes, and the other half uses inlaid patch drip irrigation tapes. The drip irrigation tapes 2 adopt two layout methods of 2 rows in 1 strip and 1 row in 1 strip at the same time. The distance between the drip irrigation tapes 2 and the nearest planting row should be 6-7 cm. Among them, for the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row, the drip irrigation tapes are arranged in the layout method of 2 rows in 1 strip and are laid on either side of the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row. For the planting rows on both sides of the plastic film (side rows 3), the drip irrigation tapes are arranged in the layout method of 1 row in 1 strip, and the drip irrigation tapes are laid 6-7 cm on either side of the planting rows on both sides of the film. And it must be ensured that only 0 or 1 drip irrigation tape is laid in any wide row, and it is prohibited to lay two or more drip irrigation tapes in one wide row. That is, if the drip irrigation tapes for the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row are laid on the left side of the left planting row, then the drip irrigation tape for the leftmost planting row (side row) of the plastic film should be laid outside the leftmost planting row, that is, on the left side of the leftmost planting row on the film, that is, within the left transfer row, rather than laying the drip irrigation tape for the leftmost planting row of the plastic film on the inner side (i.e., the right side) of the leftmost planting row, that is, within the wide row W1;

[0051] The thickness of the used plastic film (1) is 0.011 mm. During the cotton boll opening period, the used plastic film can still maintain a transverse tensile load ≥ 0.5 N and a transverse nominal strain at break ≥ 25.0%;

[0052] In about half of the area of Example 3 cotton fields, the plant spacing of the narrow row W2 on the film is 9.4 cm, and in the other half of the area of the cotton fields, the plant spacing of the narrow row W2 on the film is 10.7 cm; in about half of the area of Example 3 cotton fields, the plant spacing of all other planting rows is set to 6.9 cm, and in the other half of the area of the cotton fields, the plant spacing of all other planting rows is set to 8.4 cm. Among them, for the cotton fields with a plant spacing of 6.9 cm, when sowing, the duckbill of the hill-drop planter selected is of an offset design to ensure that the planting rows are in a regular zigzag shape; for the plant spacing of 8.4 cm, the planting rows are in a straight line.

[0053] Other seedling protection management methods in the cotton fields are carried out according to the conventional methods of local high-yield drip irrigation cotton fields.

[0054] Example 4:

[0055] The cotton fields select plastic films 1 with a width of 205 cm. Five rows of cotton are planted on the film. There are 2 wide rows W1 and 2 narrow rows W2 on the film. Two rows of cotton plants are planted on each side of the plastic film, forming two narrow rows W2 on the left and right. One row of cotton plants is planted in the middle of the plastic film, forming 2 wide rows W1 with the planting rows on the inner sides of the two narrow rows ( Figure 2 ), and a transfer row is formed between the planting rows on both sides of the plastic film (side rows 3) of one plastic film and the side rows 3 of another plastic film 1. The cotton fields are set with row spacings in a continuous cycle of narrow row + wide row + wide row + narrow row + transfer row...( Figure 2) Among them, in the cotton fields of Example 4 with an area of about half, the narrow row W2 spacing is 11 cm. According to the calculation formula for the wide row W1 spacing on the film: 76 - narrow row spacing / 2 (cm), the two wide row W1 spacings on the film in the cotton fields with a narrow row W2 spacing of 10 cm are both 70.5 cm. According to the calculation formula for setting the spacing of the adjacent rows in the cotton field: 76 - narrow row spacing (cm), the spacing of its adjacent rows is obtained as 65 cm. Obviously, the wide row W1, narrow row W2, and adjacent rows in this cotton field are of different sizes. In the cotton fields of Example 4 with an area of about the other half, the narrow row W2 spacing is 12 cm. The two wide row W1 spacings on the film in the cotton fields with a narrow row W2 spacing of 12 cm are both 70 cm. According to the calculation formula for setting the spacing of the adjacent rows in the cotton field: 76 - narrow row spacing (cm), the spacing of its adjacent rows is obtained as 64 cm;

[0056] In the cotton fields of Example 4 with an area of about half, single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tapes are used, and in the other half, inlaid patch drip irrigation tapes are used. The drip irrigation tape 2 simultaneously adopts two layout methods of 2 rows in 1 strip and 1 row in 1 strip. The distance between the drip irrigation tape 2 and its nearest planting row should be 5.5 - 7.0 cm. Among them, for the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row, with the layout method of 2 rows in 1 strip, the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row. For the middle planting row, with the layout method of 1 row in 1 strip, the drip irrigation tape is laid on either side of the middle planting row on the film at 6 - 7 cm ( Figure 2 );

[0057] The thickness of the plastic film 1 used is 0.012 mm. During the cotton boll opening period, the plastic film used can still maintain a transverse tensile load ≥ 0.5 N and a transverse nominal strain at break ≥ 25.0%;

[0058] In the cotton fields of Example 4 with an area of about half, the plant spacing of the narrow row W2 on the film is 9.4 cm, and in the cotton fields with an area of the other half, the plant spacing of the narrow row W2 on the film is 10.4 cm; in the cotton fields of Example 4 with an area of about half, the plant spacing of all other planting rows is set to 6.5 cm, and in the cotton fields with an area of the other half, the plant spacing of the other planting rows is set to 6.9 cm. In all the cotton fields of Example 4, at the time of sowing, the duckbill of the hill-drop planter selected is of an offset design to ensure that the planting rows are in a regular zigzag shape; among them, the plant spacing is 8.4 cm and its planting rows are in a straight line.

[0059] Other seedling protection management methods in the cotton field are carried out according to the conventional methods of local high-yield drip-irrigated cotton fields.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] In actual production, when using 205 cm plastic film for covering, the row spacing configuration is basically the 1-film 6-row 66 + 10 cm wide-narrow row mode and its derivatives, such as Figure 3As shown in the figure, two planting rows are planted on each side of the plastic film to form two narrow rows W2 on both sides of the plastic film. Two planting rows are planted in the middle of the plastic film to form a narrow row W2 in the middle. The planting rows on both sides of the middle narrow row and the inner planting rows of the narrow rows on both sides of the plastic film form two wide rows W1. At the same time, there are also sporadic test reports on the row spacing configuration modes of 1 film with 4 rows and 1 film with 5 rows.

[0062] Comparative Example 2 adopts the row spacing configuration mode of 1 film with 5 rows. Specifically, Figure 3 Any one of the two narrow planting rows in the 1 film with 6 rows planting mode shown in the figure is removed, and the remaining one planting row is adjusted to the middle of the film. The row spacing configuration on the film is 10 + 76 + 10 cm, and its transfer rows are all 76 cm. The average row spacing is 43 cm. The plant spacing selected for the cotton field is 10.4 cm.

[0063] Other seedling protection management methods in the cotton field are carried out according to the conventional methods of local 1 film with 6 rows drip irrigation high-yield cotton fields.

[0064] Implementation results:

[0065] In the middle and late October of the implementation year, for each example and test comparative example, the same cotton picker was selected for machine picking. The machine-picked seed cotton of each example and test comparative example was stacked separately, and its actual harvested yield was calculated. At the same time, its picking rate and impurity content were measured. After the machine-picked seed cotton of each example and comparative example was processed separately, the fiber length and strength of the processed raw cotton were measured respectively. Taking the surrounding conventional 1 film with 6 rows 66 + 10 cm wide and narrow row mode and its derivatives ( Figure 3 ) cotton fields as the control, the implementation results in 2021 - 2022 are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1 Effect table of examples

[0067]

[0068] Compared with the surrounding control and comparative examples in Table 1 of the example data, the following conclusions are obtained:

[0069] Comparative analysis of the method of the present invention with the control:

[0070] Compared with the surrounding control, the yield difference of all examples in two years is in the range of -4.2% - 4.8%. In reality, there are many factors affecting agricultural production. However, when the yield difference between two different test treatment plots in the cotton field is still within 5%, the statistical analysis does not reach the significant difference level, and it can be considered that there is no yield difference. Therefore, it can be considered that the method of the present invention can fully achieve the high-yield level of the conventional 66 + 10 cm wide and narrow row cotton fields.

[0071] The picking rate of the examples is 0.8 - 2.0 percentage points higher than that of the control. Therefore, this method can significantly improve the picking rate;

[0072] In the examples, the impurities in unginned cotton are reduced by 1.0 - 2.1 percentage points compared with the control. Therefore, this method can significantly reduce the impurities in machine - picked unginned cotton;

[0073] For the machine - picked unginned cotton produced in the examples, after processing, the length of the raw cotton fibers is 0.7 - 1.8 mm higher than that of the control. Therefore, this method can increase the length of the raw cotton fibers in machine - picked cotton;

[0074] For the machine - picked unginned cotton produced in the examples, after processing, the strength of the raw cotton fibers is 0.4 - 1.1 cN / tex higher than that of the control. Therefore, this method can increase the strength of the raw cotton fibers in machine - picked cotton.

[0075] Obviously, by applying the method of the present invention, not only is the cotton field highly productive, but also the quality of the produced cotton is significantly improved, so there are significant advantages.

[0076] Comparative analysis of the comparative example and the control

[0077] Both the impurity control and quality performance of the comparative example are better than those of the control, but its yield has a significant decrease compared with the control, with a decrease range of 12.4 - 20.6%. The reason for the significant reduction in yield in the comparative example is that after the number of planted rows on the film in the comparative example decreased, the plant spacing in the cotton field was not adjusted, and the plant spacing in both the wide and narrow rows of the cotton field was the same value, and the plant spacing was relatively large, resulting in a low cotton field density. In addition, the row spacing configuration in its cotton field was unreasonable.

[0078] The picking - up rate of the comparative example is slightly higher than that of the control, by 0.4 - 0.5 percentage points.

[0079] The impurities in the comparative example are reduced by 0.6 - 1.0 percentage points compared with the control. Therefore, the comparative example can reduce the impurities in machine - picked unginned cotton;

[0080] For the machine - picked unginned cotton produced in the comparative example, after processing, the length of the raw cotton fibers is 0.5 - 0.9 mm higher than that of the control. Therefore, the comparative example can increase the length of the raw cotton fibers in machine - picked cotton;

[0081] For the machine - picked unginned cotton produced in the comparative example, after processing, the strength of the raw cotton fibers is 0.3 - 0.4 cN / tex higher than that of the control. Therefore, the comparative example can increase the strength of the raw cotton fibers in machine - picked cotton.

[0082] Obviously, compared with the control, the comparative example has a positive impact on the picking - up rate, impurities and quality, but the impact is not significant, while its yield has an obvious decline.

[0083] Comparative analysis of the method of the present invention and the comparative example:

[0084] The maximum increase in yield of the method of the present invention compared with the comparative example can reach 31.8%, and the minimum increase is 9.3%.

[0085] The picking - up rate of the method of the present invention is 0.4 - 1.5 percentage points higher than that of the comparative example;

[0086] In the method of the present invention, the impurities in the seed cotton are reduced by 0.4 to 1.5 percentage points compared with the comparative example. Therefore, the impurities in the machine-picked seed cotton can be significantly reduced by this method;

[0087] For the machine-picked seed cotton produced by the method of the present invention, after processing, the length of the raw cotton fiber is 0.2 to 0.3 mm higher than that of the comparative example. Therefore, this method can increase the length of the raw cotton fiber of the machine-picked cotton;

[0088] For the machine-picked seed cotton produced by the method of the present invention, after processing, the strength of the raw cotton fiber is 0.1 cN / tex higher than that of the comparative example.

[0089] Obviously, the yield and quality of the method of the present invention are both superior to those of the comparative example. The reasons for the inferior quality and picking rate of the comparative example compared with the present invention are analyzed as follows: Due to the unreasonable row spacing configuration of the comparative example, it is impossible to ensure that the center line of the narrow row in the cotton field and the cross-section (longitudinal) of the corresponding picking head shaft of the cotton picker are in the same plane. In addition to the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row, the other planting rows cannot be in the same plane as the cross-section of the picking head shaft of the cotton picker, which not only affects the picking of the bells at the lower part of the cotton plant, thus reducing the picking rate, but also increases the disturbance to the cotton plants in the corresponding planting rows during machine picking, including the phenomenon of moderate bending for easy machine picking by gathering towards the cross-section of the picking head shaft, which further increases the occurrence of impurities and cotton dropping in the machine-picked seed cotton. Eventually, although the picking rate of the comparative example is slightly higher than that of the control, it is 1.5 percentage points lower than that of the method of the present invention, and the impurities in the seed cotton are 1.5 percentage points higher than those of the method of the present invention.

[0090] In short, compared with the control and the comparative example, the method of the present invention not only has extremely significant advantages in yield, but also has obvious improvement in quality. Therefore, its technical support for the development of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang cotton is undoubtedly.

[0091] Of course, the present invention may also have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and deformations according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformations should all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field, characterized in that, Lay plastic film with a width of 205 cm in the cotton field. Plant 4 or 5 rows of cotton in each plastic film in the cotton field according to wide and narrow rows. The row between the upper rows of adjacent plastic films is the connecting row. The row spacing of the wide row is 76 - narrow row spacing / 2 cm. When 4 rows of cotton are planted on the film, the row spacing of the connecting row is 76 cm. When 5 rows of cotton are planted on the film, the row spacing of the connecting row is 76 - narrow row spacing cm. The planting rows on both sides of the narrow row have a short plant spacing, and the other planting rows have a long plant spacing; When 4 rows of cotton are planted on each plastic film, 2 of the planting rows are planted in the middle of the plastic film to form a narrow row, and the center line of the narrow row coincides with the central axis of the plastic film. The other 2 planting rows are respectively planted on both sides of the plastic film to form 2 wide rows with the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row; When 5 rows of cotton are planted on each plastic film, 2 planting rows respectively planted on the left and right sides of the plastic film form the narrow rows on both sides. 1 planting row planted in the middle of the plastic film forms 2 wide rows with the planting rows of the narrow rows on both sides; The narrow row spacing is 10 - 13 cm; The plant spacing of the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row is 9.4 - 11.4 cm, and the plant spacing of all other planting rows is 6.5 - 8.4 cm.

2. The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in high-quality and high-yield cotton fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, Lay drip irrigation tapes in the cotton field in the way of 2 rows in 1 belt and 1 row in 1 belt at the same time. The drip irrigation tapes are single-wing labyrinth type or inlaid patch type.

3. The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in high-quality and high-yield cotton fields according to claim 2, characterized in that The distance between the drip irrigation tape and its nearest planting row is 5 - 7 cm.

4. The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field according to claim 2, characterized in that, Lay drip irrigation tapes in the way of 2 rows in 1 belt in the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row. The drip irrigation tapes are laid in the middle of the narrow row or on any one side of the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row; In the other planting rows outside the planting rows on both sides of the narrow row, lay drip irrigation tapes in the way of 1 row in 1 belt close to the other planting row, but the number of drip irrigation tapes laid in each wide row on the plastic film ≤ 1.

5. The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the plastic film ≥ 0.010 - 0.012 mm. During the cotton boll opening period, the plastic film can maintain a transverse tensile load ≥ 0.5 N and a transverse nominal strain at break ≥ 25.0%.

6. The method for setting plant spacing and row spacing in a high-quality and high-yield cotton field according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the plant spacing < 7.0 cm, when sowing in the cotton field, the duckbill of the hill-drop planter selected is offset type, and the sowing row shows a regular zigzag trend; When the plant spacing ≥ 7.0 cm, the planting row is straight.

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