Ceramic double half outer ring journal end joint bearing and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing and a manufacturing method thereof. The bearing structure comprises a ceramic double-half-outer-ring, a ceramic inner ring, an adjusting gasket, a gasket and a rod-end body. An auxiliary support technology is adopted in the grinding and cutting process of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring to ensure the edge integrity of the part. The width of the outer ring assembly is adjusted by the adjusting gasket, the coaxiality of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring and the cylindrical hole of the rod-end body is ensured by the gasket, the bearing position of the outer ring assembly is determined by the installation of the inclined surface and the positioning rod, and the assembly of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing is completed by using the extrusion die to perform one-side flanging of the rod-end body. The application ensures the assembly precision of the non-integral ceramic double-half-outer-ring knuckle bearing, solves the interference phenomenon in the assembly process of the ceramic knuckle bearing with a wide shaft shoulder inner ring, and realizes the design and manufacturing of the small-size non-integral ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing without changing the overall shape and size of the rod-end knuckle bearing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of bearing design and manufacturing, in particular to a ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end spherical plain bearing and a manufacturing method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a kind of spherical plain bearing, the spherical plain bearing can rotate at low speed and swing in inclination during application, and has the characteristics of simple structure, large load capacity and strong impact resistance. With the rapid development of aerospace industry, marine machinery and other industries, the spherical plain bearing needs to work under harsh conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, high and low temperature and corrosive environment. Therefore, ceramic spherical plain bearings are attracting much attention due to their excellent wear resistance, thermal stability, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance and self-lubrication. Currently, the commonly used technical solutions are open outer-ring ceramic spherical plain bearings and ceramic double-half-outer-ring combined spherical plain bearings connected by bolts. However, there are many technical problems in the design and manufacturing process of ceramic spherical plain bearings. For example, due to the hard and brittle characteristics of ceramic materials, the roll forming and flanging technology of metal spherical plain bearing outer rings cannot be directly used in the assembly process of ceramic spherical plain bearings. The open outer-ring ceramic spherical plain bearing is opened on one side of the outer ring, which will cause uneven stress during operation. The width of the inner ring of the spherical plain bearing should not be greater than the opening width, otherwise there will be interference during installation. In addition, cracks and edge collapse defects are easily generated during the opening process. The ceramic double-half-outer-ring combined spherical plain bearing connected by bolts has large structure size and low assembly precision, which is not suitable for the design and manufacturing of small-size ceramic spherical plain bearings.

[0003] During the processing of ceramic spherical plain bearing parts, due to the characteristics of high hardness and brittleness of engineering ceramics, when the grinding tool cuts into or out of the processed ceramic parts, the edge is prone to generate cracks, edge collapse and other defects, which limits the high-quality processing of engineering ceramic materials and hinders the application and promotion of engineering ceramic materials. This phenomenon is common in the processing of ceramic spherical plain bearing outer rings. The defects at the edge of the outer ring will seriously affect the service performance and service life of the ceramic spherical plain bearing, reduce the processing efficiency and increase the manufacturing cost. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end spherical plain bearing and a manufacturing method thereof. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] A ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end spherical plain bearing, comprising a ceramic inner ring, a ceramic double-half-outer-ring a, a ceramic double-half-outer-ring b, an adjusting gasket, a gasket and a rod-end body.

[0006] The ceramic double-half-outer-ring a and the ceramic double-half-outer-ring b are both provided with chamfers.

[0007] The adjusting gasket is arranged between the ceramic double-half-outer-ring a and the ceramic double-half-outer-ring b, and the three constitute an outer ring combination.

[0008] The rod end body is provided with a cylindrical hole at one end, two annular grooves are arranged on the wall of the cylindrical hole, a V-shaped groove is arranged on the upper end face of the edge of the cylindrical hole, and an installation inclined surface is arranged on the lower end face;

[0009] The installation inclined surface of the rod end body cylindrical hole is processed according to the chamfer size of the ceramic double half outer ring a, and the installation inclined surface is in contact with the chamfer surface of the ceramic double half outer ring a;

[0010] The inner edge of the V-shaped groove at the upper end of the rod end body cylindrical hole is turned over by an extrusion die to make the material cover the chamfered portion of the ceramic double half outer ring b;

[0011] The ceramic inner ring is located in the outer ring assembly, and the outer spherical surface of the ceramic inner ring is in clearance fit with the inner spherical surface of the outer ring assembly; and the outer ring assembly is arranged in the cylindrical hole of the rod end body;

[0012] The gasket is arranged in the annular groove in the cylindrical hole of the rod end body, and the inner diameter of the gasket is smaller than the outer diameter of the ceramic double half outer ring a and the ceramic double half outer ring b.

[0013] A manufacturing method of a ceramic double half outer ring rod end joint bearing, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step one: inner hole grinding of the inner hole of the ceramic inner ring, end face grinding of the side surface, outer cylindrical grinding of the outer cylindrical surface of the shaft shoulder, and spherical surface grinding of the outer spherical surface;

[0015] Step two: outer cylindrical grinding of the integral ceramic outer ring, end face grinding of the side surface, fixing of the auxiliary support ring to the end face of the integral ceramic outer ring using a bonding agent, and inner spherical surface grinding;

[0016] Step three: filling of the inner spherical surface of the integral ceramic outer ring with hot melt material, and after cooling, the hot melt material plays an auxiliary supporting role, and the integral ceramic outer ring is equally divided into a ceramic double half outer ring a and a ceramic double half outer ring b using an ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel along the radial direction;

[0017] Step four: selection and adjustment of the gasket, the thickness of the metal adjustment gasket is selected and adjusted so that the width of the outer ring assembly composed of the ceramic double half outer ring a, the ceramic double half outer ring b and the adjustment gasket is the same as the width of the integral ceramic outer ring, and the inner spherical surface precision of the outer ring assembly is ensured;

[0018] Step five: placing the gasket in the annular groove of the cylindrical hole of the rod end body, and sequentially placing the ceramic double half outer ring a, the adjustment gasket, the ceramic inner ring, and the ceramic double half outer ring b into the cylindrical hole of the rod end body;

[0019] Step six: placing the rod end body with the installation inclined surface on the lower side in the support base, first pressing the end face of the ceramic double half outer ring b using a positioning rod, and then performing single-sided turning of the rod end body using an extrusion die to complete the assembly of the ceramic double half outer ring rod end joint bearing.

[0020] The preferred scheme of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing and the manufacturing method thereof is that the integral ceramic outer ring is supported by a bonding auxiliary support ring during inner spherical surface grinding and is supported by a hot-melt material during cutting, which can alleviate the generation of defects such as cracks and edge collapse of the ceramic outer ring during machining;

[0021] In the step two, the inner diameter of the auxiliary support ring is not greater than the inner diameter of the end face of the integral ceramic outer ring, the material of the auxiliary support ring can be engineering ceramics or metal, and the bonding agent can be fire paint or epoxy resin glue;

[0022] In the step three, the hot-melt auxiliary support material is selected from epoxy resin fibers.

[0023] The preferred scheme of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing and the manufacturing method thereof is that the inner spherical surface precision of the outer ring assembly needs to be ensured by precise assembly technology;

[0024] A positioning rod is arranged in the extrusion die during assembly, the disc spring is arranged in the positioning rod, the inner hole of the support base is a stepped stage, and the ceramic double-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing is arranged in the inner hole of the support base.

[0025] The cylindrical hole of the rod-end body and the outer ring assembly are gap-fitted with a gap of 2-5 mu m, the ceramic double-half-outer-ring extrusion gasket is used for centering during assembly, and the ceramic double-half-outer-ring a, the ceramic double-half-outer-ring b and the cylindrical hole of the rod-end body are coaxial.

[0026] The positioning rod arc surface and the end face of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring b act to complete the press-fitting of the outer ring assembly, the rivet tooth tip arranged on the extrusion die is used to reversely bend the material to the chamfer of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring b to finally fix the position of the rod-end body and the outer ring assembly, the positioning rod and the disc spring are connected to realize the press-fitting and then the reverse bending, and the precise assembly of the double-half-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing is ensured.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0028] The present application applies engineering ceramic materials to the rod-end knuckle bearing according to the working requirements of the knuckle bearing in harsh environments, realizes the manufacturing of a small-size combined ceramic rod-end knuckle bearing, overcomes the limitation of the ceramic knuckle bearing on the width of the inner ring shoulder, improves the machining quality and efficiency of the ceramic knuckle bearing parts through the auxiliary support technology, accurately installs the position through the cooperation of the gasket, the rod-end body mounting surface, the positioning rod arc surface and the outer ring assembly, and completes the assembly of the ceramic double-half-outer-ring rod-end knuckle bearing through one-side bending, which has important significance for the research and manufacturing of the ceramic knuckle bearing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1It is a ceramic double half outer ring rod end joint bearing structure schematic diagram of the application;

[0030] Figure 2 It is an outer ring assembly schematic diagram;

[0031] Figure 3 It is an integral ceramic outer ring end face auxiliary support schematic diagram;

[0032] Figure 4 It is an integral ceramic outer ring inner spherical surface auxiliary support schematic diagram;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a ceramic double half outer ring rod end joint bearing assembly schematic diagram.

[0034] In the figure: 1-ceramic double half outer ring a, 2-ceramic double half outer ring b, 3-ceramic inner ring, 4-adjusting gasket, 5-gasket, 6-rod end body, 7-integral ceramic outer ring, 8-binder, 9-auxiliary support ring, 10-auxiliary support material, 11-extrusion die, 12-positioning rod, 13-dish spring, 14-support base, 15-installation inclined surface, 16-V-shaped groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific examples.

[0036] As shown in Figures 1-5 A ceramic double half outer ring rod end joint bearing, the bearing structure comprises: ceramic double half outer ring a1, ceramic double half outer ring b2, ceramic inner ring 3, adjusting gasket 4, gasket 5, rod end body 6. As shown in Figure 2As shown, both the ceramic double-half outer ring a1 and ceramic double-half outer ring b2 have chamfers. The two ceramic double-half outer rings and the adjusting shim 4 constitute the outer ring assembly, which is placed sequentially in the cylindrical hole of the rod end body 6. The chamfer on the ceramic double-half outer ring a1 is used to limit the axial position of the outer ring assembly, and the chamfer on the ceramic double-half outer ring b2 is used to flange and fix the outer ring assembly. The outer spherical surface of the ceramic inner ring 3 and the inner spherical surface formed by the outer ring assembly are in clearance fit, and the radial clearance is in accordance with the standard "All-Ceramic Spherical Joint Bearings - Radial Spherical Joint Bearings" T / CMES. Selected by 04003-2022; the inner diameter of the washer 5 is smaller than the outer diameter of the ceramic double-half outer ring, and it is placed in the two grooves of the cylindrical hole of the rod end body 6. During assembly, the ceramic double-half outer ring squeezes the washer 6 to achieve self-alignment, so that the ceramic double-half outer ring a1, the ceramic double-half outer ring b2 and the cylindrical hole of the rod end body 6 are kept on the same axis. The washer can be coated with grease as needed during the placement process. The washer material can be selected according to the operating temperature of the spherical bearing. For high-temperature applications, soft metal washers are selected, for normal-temperature applications, nitrile rubber washers are selected, and for low-temperature applications, plastic washers are selected. The cylindrical surface of the rod end body 6 contains two annular grooves for installing the washer 5. One side of the cylindrical hole is machined with an inclined surface 15 according to the chamfer size of the ceramic double-half outer ring to limit the axial position of the outer ring assembly. The inner edge of the V-groove 16 on the other side of the rod end body 6 is pressed onto the chamfer of the ceramic double-half outer ring b2 by the extrusion die 11 to complete the fixation of the outer ring assembly, that is, the assembly of the ceramic double-half outer ring rod end spherical bearing.

[0037] A method for manufacturing a ceramic double-half outer ring rod end spherical plain bearing, characterized by the following specific manufacturing steps:

[0038] Step 1: The inner hole of the ceramic inner ring 3 is ground internally, the side is ground end face, the outer cylindrical surface of the shoulder is ground externally, and the outer surface is ground spherically.

[0039] Step 2: Grind the outer diameter of the integral ceramic outer ring 7, and grind the end face of the side surface, as follows. Figure 3 As shown, the auxiliary support ring 9 is bonded to the end face of the integral ceramic outer ring 7 using adhesive 8, and then the inner spherical surface is ground.

[0040] Step 3: As Figure 4 As shown, the inner spherical surface of the integral ceramic outer ring 7 is filled with hot-melted auxiliary support material 10, which plays an auxiliary support role after cooling. The integral ceramic outer ring 7 is cut into ceramic double half outer ring a1 and ceramic double half outer ring b2 in the radial direction using an ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel.

[0041] Step 4: Select and match the adjustment shim 4. The adjustment shim 4 can be made of metal or engineering ceramic material as required, so that the width of the outer ring assembly formed by the ceramic double half outer ring a1, the ceramic double half outer ring b2 and the adjustment shim 4 is the same as the width of the integral ceramic outer ring 7, so as to ensure the spherical accuracy of the outer ring assembly.

[0042] Step 5: As Figure 5 As shown, place washer 5 in the groove of the cylindrical hole of rod end body 6, and then put ceramic double half outer ring a1, adjusting shim 4, ceramic inner ring 3, and ceramic double half outer ring b2 into the cylindrical hole of rod end body 6 in sequence. During the installation process, grease can be applied as needed to ensure smooth installation and reduce damage during the installation process.

[0043] Step 6: As Figure 5 As shown, the parts placed in step 5 are placed in the support base 14 with the rod end body 6 mounted on the inclined surface facing down. The support base is provided with stepped steps, which respectively define the radial position of the outer spherical surface of the large end of the rod end body 6, the end face of the ceramic double half outer ring a1, and the end face of the rod end body 6. First, the positioning rod 12 is used to press the outer ring assembly together, and the arc surface of the pressing end of the positioning rod 12 is in line contact with the end face of the ceramic double half outer ring b2. Then, the extrusion die 11 is used to perform single-sided flanging on the rod end body 6 to complete the assembly of the ceramic double half outer ring rod end spherical bearing.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the integral ceramic outer ring 7 is supported by an auxiliary support ring 9 during the inner spherical grinding process. The adhesive 8 can be selected from sealing wax or epoxy resin glue, etc. The auxiliary support ring 9 can be selected from engineering ceramic or metal materials. The inner diameter of the auxiliary support ring 9 is not less than the inner diameter of the end face of the integral ceramic outer ring.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the hot-melt material filled in the integral ceramic outer ring 7 during the cutting process can be epoxy resin fiber, etc.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, in the assembly process of a ceramic double-ring rod end spherical bearing, the cylindrical hole of the rod end body 6 and the outer ring assembly have a clearance fit of 2μm-5μm. The axial position of the outer ring assembly needs to be defined by the chamfered contact between the inclined surface of the cylindrical hole of the rod end body 6 and the chamfer of the ceramic double-ring a1. The arc surface of the positioning rod 12 and the end face of the ceramic double-ring b2 work together to press the outer ring assembly. The position of the rod end body 6 and the outer ring assembly needs to be finally fixed by the single-sided flanging through the extrusion die 11. The positioning rod 12 is connected to the disc spring 13, thereby realizing the process of pressing and then flanging, thus completing the assembly of the double-ring rod end spherical bearing.

Claims

1. A ceramic double row outer raceway journal end bearing characterized by: The ceramic inner ring, the ceramic double half outer ring a, the ceramic double half outer ring b, the adjusting gasket, the gasket and the rod end body are included; The ceramic double half outer ring a and the ceramic double half outer ring b are provided with chamfers; The adjusting gasket is arranged between the ceramic double half outer ring a and the ceramic double half outer ring b, and the three constitute an outer ring assembly; One end of the rod end body is provided with a cylindrical hole, two annular grooves are arranged on the wall of the cylindrical hole, a V-shaped groove is arranged on the upper end face of the edge of the cylindrical hole, and an installation inclined surface is arranged on the lower end face; The installation inclined surface of the cylindrical hole of the rod end body is processed according to the chamfer size of the ceramic double half outer ring a, and the installation inclined surface is in contact with the chamfer surface of the ceramic double half outer ring a; The inner edge of the V-shaped groove on the upper end of the cylindrical hole of the rod end body is turned over by an extrusion die, so that the material is pressed and covered on the chamfer of the ceramic double half outer ring b; The ceramic inner ring is located in the outer ring assembly, and the outer spherical surface of the ceramic inner ring is in clearance fit with the inner spherical surface of the outer ring assembly; and the outer ring assembly is arranged in the cylindrical hole of the rod end body; The gasket is arranged in the annular groove in the cylindrical hole of the rod end body, and the inner diameter of the gasket is smaller than the outer diameter of the ceramic double half outer ring a and the ceramic double half outer ring b.

2. The manufacturing method of a ceramic double split outer ring journal bearing with a spherical outer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step one: inner hole of the ceramic inner ring is subjected to inner circle grinding, side surface is subjected to end surface grinding, shaft shoulder outer cylinder surface is subjected to outer circle grinding, and outer spherical surface is subjected to spherical surface grinding; Step two: the integral ceramic outer ring is subjected to outer circle grinding, side surface is subjected to end surface grinding, an auxiliary support ring is fixed to the end surface of the integral ceramic outer ring by using a bonding agent, and inner spherical surface is subjected to grinding; Step three: the inner spherical surface of the integral ceramic outer ring is filled with a hot melting material, and the hot melting material plays an auxiliary supporting role after being cooled; the integral ceramic outer ring is equally divided into the ceramic double half outer ring a and the ceramic double half outer ring b by using an ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel along the radial direction; Step four: the adjusting gasket is selected and matched; the thickness of the metal adjusting gasket is selected and matched, so that the width of the outer ring assembly composed of the ceramic double half outer ring a, the ceramic double half outer ring b and the adjusting gasket is the same as the width of the integral ceramic outer ring, and the inner spherical surface precision of the outer ring assembly is ensured; Step five: the gasket is placed in the annular groove of the cylindrical hole of the rod end body, and the ceramic double half outer ring a, the adjusting gasket, the ceramic inner ring and the ceramic double half outer ring b are sequentially placed in the cylindrical hole of the rod end body; Step six: the rod end body is placed in the support base with the installation inclined surface on the lower side; the end surface of the ceramic double half outer ring b is subjected to pressure fitting by using a positioning rod, and the rod end body is subjected to one-side flanging by using an extrusion die to complete the assembly of the ceramic double half outer ring rod end joint bearing.

3. The method of manufacturing a ceramic double split outer ring journal bearing according to claim 2, wherein: In the process of inner spherical surface grinding of the integral ceramic outer ring, the auxiliary support ring is used for auxiliary support, and in the process of cutting, the hot melting material is used for auxiliary support, so that the cracks and edge collapse of the ceramic outer ring in the machining process can be relieved; In step two, the inner diameter of the auxiliary support ring is not greater than the inner diameter of the end surface of the integral ceramic outer ring, the material of the auxiliary support ring can be engineering ceramics or metal, and the bonding agent can be fire paint or epoxy resin glue; In step three, the auxiliary support material of the hot melting type is selected from epoxy resin fibers.

4. The method of manufacturing a ceramic double split outer ring journal bearing according to claim 2, wherein: The inner spherical surface precision of the outer ring assembly needs to be ensured by precise assembly technology. A positioning rod is arranged in the extrusion die during assembly, the disc spring is arranged in the positioning rod, the inner hole of the support base is a stepped level, and the ceramic double outer ring rod end spherical bearing is arranged in the inner hole of the support base; The rod end body cylindrical hole and the outer ring assembly body are in clearance fit of 2-5 microns, ceramic double half outer ring extrusion washers are used to realize the alignment during assembly, so that the ceramic double half outer ring a, the ceramic double half outer ring b and the rod end body cylindrical hole are coaxial; The positioning rod arc surface and the end surface of the ceramic double half outer ring b act to complete the press fit of the outer ring assembly body, the press riveting tooth tip arranged on the extrusion die is used to make the one-side flanging to press the material to the chamfer of the ceramic double half outer ring b to finally fix the position of the rod end body and the outer ring assembly body, the positioning rod is connected with the disc spring, the press fit and the flanging are realized, and the precise assembly of the double half outer ring rod end spherical bearing is ensured.

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