A method for generating a deodorization pipeline system based on BIM and an improved ant colony algorithm

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on BIM technology and improved ant colony algorithm's deodorization pipeline generation method, comprising:1.after collecting project demand, through BIM positive or semi-positive design, generate beam available space analysis chart;2.beam available space analysis chart is gridded, and it is divided into small grid unit to facilitate subsequent calculation;3.layout odor collection point and the position of odor treatment equipment;4.through improved ant colony algorithm, execute calculation command, accelerate calculation through positive and negative feedback double regulation, final pipeline path planning chart;5.combining pipeline path planning chart, automatically arrange pipe, valve accessory, carry out equipment pipe, tuyere pipe;6.according to tuyere, air pipe speed requirement, review air pipe water power, determine final deodorization pipeline system.The application generates deodorization pipeline system by improved ant colony algorithm, executes calculation command.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to pipeline design technology for deodorization piping systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing urbanization, municipal infrastructure such as urban sewage treatment plants, garbage disposal stations, and sludge incineration facilities are becoming more and more common. Odor control systems, as a crucial component of the design of such municipal projects, play a vital role in improving the environment inside and around workshops. In traditional odor control system design, after the process plan is determined, the location of the odor control tower or core treatment equipment is typically determined first. Then, based on the area where the odor is located, localized sealing is implemented. Next, 2D drawings using CAD software are used to arrange the air vents and pipe routes, followed by the connection of the air vents and pipes. Finally, the pipe diameter is adjusted based on the hydraulic balance of the pipeline and other professional drawings.

[0003] However, traditional deodorization system design has significant drawbacks: First, poor visualization, difficulty in identifying the spatial locations of various disciplines, and the need for repeated meetings to discuss node locations; second, low accuracy, as pipe routing is generally determined manually, resulting in low accuracy in controlling clearance height and the space under beams, especially in situations with limited space under beams and high clearance requirements, easily leading to collisions with structural beams or other professional pipes; third, poor optimizability, as the pipe layout becomes increasingly tight with continuous optimization of the route as the scheme is constantly updated and the drawings are refined, making the drawbacks of traditional design more and more apparent; fourth, time-consuming and inefficient, relying on designers to manually calculate, analyze, and negotiate clearance requirements from multiple disciplines' planar routes, resulting in low efficiency and a low degree of automation in pipe calculation and layout; fifth, prone to high change costs, as manually determined routes may encounter problems such as low local clearance height or incompletely updated drawings leading to unreasonable route planning, requiring adjustments to local civil engineering or MEP work through contact sheets, increasing costs.

[0004] The core of pipeline system design lies in path planning. Currently, mainstream path planning algorithms include ant colony optimization (A* algorithm), A* algorithm, and neural network algorithms, among which ant colony optimization is receiving particularly high research attention. Ant colony optimization is a biomimetic algorithm discovered in 1991 by Italian scholar M. Dorigo. This algorithm utilizes pheromones (chemical substances) passed between ants to find food. The closer an ant is to food, the higher the concentration of pheromones it leaves, increasing the probability that subsequent ants will choose that route. Through continuous iterative calculations, the optimal path is eventually found. Ant colony optimization is used in path planning, business travel problems, power distribution, and communication routing. Its main advantages are: 1) Information sharing and cooperation among ants enable the search for the optimal solution; 2) The positive feedback mechanism of the ant colony itself strengthens its optimization ability; 3) It is easily combined with other algorithms. Its main disadvantages are: 1) Slow and time-consuming path optimization in large spaces and over large areas; 2) Prone to getting trapped in local optima.

[0005] Current improvements to the ant colony algorithm mainly focus on the following aspects: 1) Cross-integration of the ant colony algorithm with other algorithms to complement each other's advantages and disadvantages and improve computational speed. For example, Chinese patent document CN 108932876A proposes a path planning method for express delivery drones that incorporates a hybrid A* and ant colony algorithm with black zones. This method combines the advantages of ant colony and A* algorithms to achieve route obstacle avoidance and rapid optimization; 2) Improvements to the probability of selecting the next node to reduce the blindness of the search and improve computational efficiency. For example, Chinese patent document CN 111310999A proposes a path planning method for warehouse mobile robots based on an improved ant colony algorithm. This method uses a utility function to sort the path search results, giving pheromones the correct directionality, increasing the probability of ants choosing shorter paths, avoiding blindness in the search process, and improving computational speed; 3) Adjustments to the pheromone allocation rules, introducing a reward and punishment mechanism for updating and allocating pheromones. For example, Chinese patent document CN 111748822A proposes a multi-delivery-center vehicle route optimization method based on an improved ant colony algorithm. By adding a penalty function of heuristic information to the pheromone update process of each delivery point, the search efficiency of the algorithm is improved. Then, simulated annealing is performed on the non-dominated solutions in the non-dominated solution set, which effectively avoids the ant colony algorithm from getting trapped in local optima.

[0006] The improvement strategies for the above algorithms mostly start from the perspective of combining different algorithms, optimizing the selection probability function, and pheromone allocation mechanism. However, the ant colony algorithm introduces both positive and negative feedback adjustment at the same time. It accelerates the calculation speed by strengthening the positive feedback factor and improves the local optimum by using negative feedback. The combination of these two algorithms is rare at present. Moreover, this improved ant colony algorithm has a small adjustment amount to the core function, only needs to adjust the positive and negative feedback factors, has high calculation efficiency, and has obvious advantages in avoiding getting trapped in local optima. Therefore, it can be improved and optimized from this perspective. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for generating an odor-removing pipeline system based on BIM and an improved ant colony algorithm, so as to solve the technical problem of generating a pipeline path planning map by executing calculation commands through the improved ant colony algorithm.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for generating odor-removing pipes based on BIM technology and an improved ant colony algorithm includes:

[0010] 1) Step 1: After collecting project requirements, generate a usable space analysis diagram under beams using BIM forward or semi-forward design. The usable space analysis diagram under beams should meet the following characteristics:

[0011] The mass points in the spatial analysis diagram should satisfy the following conditions in the rectangular coordinate system: on the one hand, the coordinates of the mass points in the Z direction satisfy the point set formula for the available space calculation formula at the bottom of the beam and the net height requirement under the beam; on the other hand, the X and Y directions do not coincide with the positions of components, i.e. obstacles, in the existing project BIM model, i.e., satisfy the point set formula for not overlapping with obstacles.

[0012] (1) Space calculation formula available for beam bottom

[0013] H under-bridge =H n -H clear-height -H beam-structures -H pipe+mac

[0014] In the formula, H under-bridge H is the usable clear height at the bottom of the beam. n H represents the floor height of each room. clear-height H is the net height of the room. beam-structures H is the height of the structural beam. pipe+mac The height of vertical pipelines and equipment is the floor height after deducting the beam height and clear height.

[0015] (2) Formula for the point set that satisfies the clear height requirement under the beam:

[0016] P = {P i，j =P(x, y, z)}

[0017] H n -zH beam-structures -H pipe-mac ≤H under-bridge

[0018] P i，j The above formula should be satisfied. In the formula, P represents all points P that satisfy the beam clearance requirement. i，j The set of points, where z is the coordinate of a point along the Z-axis in a Cartesian coordinate system;

[0019] (3) Satisfies the formula for the point set of the region outside the obstacle:

[0020] P = UP{P i，j =P(x0, y0)}

[0021] P represents the set of points outside the obstacle, U represents the universal set of all points within the study area, and P(x0, y0) represents the set of points of the obstacle; that is, the points of the usable space under the beam should be the complement of the set of points of the obstacle within the universal set of the study area.

[0022] 2) Step 2: Mesh the available spatial analysis diagram under the beam, dividing it into small mesh units to facilitate subsequent calculations. The mesh units have the following characteristics;

[0023] (1) In the plan view, the grid scale is: 100mmx100mm, 10mmx10mm, 1mmx1mm, with three precisions: coarse, medium, and fine. The grid scale can be adjusted in the computer according to the engineering precision and calculation speed.

[0024] (2) The result of mesh generation is to divide the two-dimensional spatial analysis diagram into small units, and to accommodate the set of points that meet the net height requirements into the divided mesh units, forming an inclusion relationship similar to that of a cell nucleus and a cell.

[0025] 3) Step 3: In the available space analysis diagram under the beam after grid splitting, arrange the positions of odor collection points and odor treatment equipment. Take the pipe interface position of the odor treatment equipment as the starting point, the odor collection point farthest from the deodorization equipment as the ending point, and the odor collection point in the middle position as the intermediate point.

[0026] 4) Step four: Based on the available space analysis diagram under the beam, input the boundary conditions such as the location of the odor collection point, the location of the odor treatment equipment, the location of the building obstacles, and the radius of curvature of the pipeline in the boundary parameter interface of the deodorization pipeline system. Through the improved ant colony algorithm, the calculation command is executed. The calculation is accelerated through positive and negative feedback. When the design conditions change, the boundary parameters are judged and adjusted and the calculation is recalculated. The calculation is repeated until the final pipeline path planning diagram is generated.

[0027] (1) In step four, the formulas for ant crawling speed, transfer probability, pheromone allocation, and odor pheromone calculation are defined in the improved ant colony algorithm.

[0028] (2) The ultimate goal of this step is to generate the final pipeline path or pipeline routing plan; based on... Figure 1 Flowcharts and Figure 4 The improved ant colony algorithm is described in its process, including preliminary calculations and verification calculations, and can be recalculated by modifying the calculation boundary parameters when external parameters are adjusted.

[0029] (3) Possesses positive and negative feedback adjustment mechanisms; since the ant crawling speed is mainly affected by pheromone distribution, the following three adjustment mechanisms can solve the computational problems; Mechanism 1: when the crawling speed is slow, by increasing the positive feedback factor Gstren in the pheromone distribution formula, the accumulation of pheromone in this branch is increased, thereby accelerating the ant crawling speed, i.e., the iterative calculation speed v τ Mechanism 2: Computational stagnation leading to local optima; specifically manifested as the ant's crawling speed v τ →0, for problem scenarios where the solution is complete or trapped in a local optimum, release the odor pheromone S. bad By using negative feedback to reduce the accumulation of pheromones, other ant colonies are reminded to avoid redundant calculations of this branch and to complete the convergence judgment of this branch as soon as possible. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to the odor pheromone S.) bad As the ants' retreat from this unfavorable branch gradually weakens, when the ants completely exit this unfavorable path and resume their normal crawling speed, the odor pheromone stops being secreted; Mechanism 3: Individual professional change of conditions: At this time, logical judgment is performed. If there is no change in conditions, the optimal main pipe and branch pipe paths are output. If there is a change, the corresponding initial boundary conditions are modified again in the BIM model according to the specific adjustments, and the available space analysis diagram of the beam bottom and the ant colony algorithm calculation data are updated until the main and all branch paths are calculated.

[0030] (4) Core function 1 of the improved ant colony algorithm, namely, ant crawling speed:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, vτ is defined as the instantaneous speed of the ant crawling, which is the ratio of the ant's crawling displacement ΔL to the time Δτ at a certain position in an infinitely short infinitesimal time interval.

[0033] (5) Core Function 2: The transition probability formula of the improved ant colony algorithm:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, Gstren is the positive feedback reinforcement factor, Sbad is the odor pheromone (negative feedback factor), and the other parameters are the same as the traditional ant colony algorithm transition probability formula.

[0036] (6) Core Function 3: Pheromones Allocation Formula of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm:

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] In the formula: Gstren is the positive feedback factor, Gstren∈[1,2]. ① During normal crawling, Gstren=1; when it is necessary to speed up the calculation, the accumulation of pheromones is rapidly increased through the positive feedback factor; ② when the ant crawling stops and gets stuck in a local optimum, the crawling speed vτ→0, and the algorithm process is adjusted through the negative feedback of Sbad odor pheromones;

[0040] (7) Core Function 4: Formula for calculating odor pheromones:

[0041]

[0042] S bad S is an odor pheromone. bad ≤0, the odor pheromone (negative feedback factor) adopts an additive strategy to fine-tune the algorithm process. The odor pheromone (negative feedback factor) has 3 states: ① Initial state, the odor pheromone is 0, and the ant crawls normally; ② Stuck in a local optimum state, the odor pheromone reaches its maximum for a short time and then continues to decrease until the recovery state; ③ Recovery state, when the ant completely exits the unfavorable branch and resumes normal crawling speed, the odor pheromone drops back to 0;

[0043] 5) Step five: Automatically arrange pipelines, valves and accessories, and connect equipment and air outlets according to the pipeline route planning map;

[0044] Firstly, by combining BIM technology, after the pipeline route is formed, the single-line diagram of the pipeline route is transformed into a double-line diagram with actual pipe wall thickness, pipe diameter, and material according to the design pipe diameter, so as to realize automatic pipe laying; secondly, the layout of the pipeline system is completed by manually adding valve accessories and terminal air outlets, etc.

[0045] 6) Step Six: Based on the air velocity requirements of the air outlets and ducts, verify the hydraulics of the ducts and determine the final deodorization duct system;

[0046] Based on the specifications regarding the range of design parameters and the requirements for resistance loss, verification calculations are performed to adjust the length and width of rectangular ducts or the diameter of circular ducts, thereby optimizing the deodorization duct system.

[0047] The positive effects of this invention are as follows:

[0048] (1) High data accuracy. On the one hand, the net height, planar position relationship, etc. obtained from the BIM model are completely consistent with the actual situation, with high accuracy and reliability; on the other hand, the improved ant colony algorithm is based on the existing algorithm and improves the core formulas such as transition probability and pheromone distribution, with rigorous and accurate underlying theoretical data support.

[0049] (2) Fast calculation speed. On the one hand, the three-dimensional problem can be simplified into a two-dimensional problem by using the spatial analysis diagram of the beam bottom, saving a lot of calculation work. On the other hand, based on the positive and negative feedback of the improved ant colony algorithm, the optimal path can be generated quickly. Subsequently, a large number of cases can be trained and calculated using a high-performance computer to further improve the calculation speed.

[0050] (3) Short time consumption and high efficiency. This method requires less human brain thinking time and mainly relies on computer calculation, which is fast and efficient, and can significantly save the design cycle;

[0051] (4) High degree of visualization. By combining BIM simulation with pre-construction, the spatial relationship between various disciplines can be clearly and intuitively obtained, which facilitates the reading, verification, coordination and modification of drawings by various disciplines and improves design efficiency;

[0052] (5) Strong optimization capability. As the scheme progresses, the BIM model, the available space analysis diagram under the beam, and the pipeline route planning diagram can be updated in real time, continuously calculated and generated with the project to obtain the optimal solution;

[0053] (6) Save construction costs. BIM technology enables rapid and accurate layout of piping systems, saving design calculation time, resolving collision issues in advance, avoiding rework that would require manpower and material resources, saving design and construction costs, and is both environmentally friendly and economical;

[0054] (7) Wide applicability. It can be used in various deodorization designs such as water plants, garbage treatment plants, and sludge drying and incineration projects. Based on the generation algorithm of this deodorization pipeline system, the odor collection point and odor treatment equipment can be changed to hot water use point and hot water inlet respectively, which can be extended to the hot water system of building water supply and drainage. The odor collection point and odor treatment equipment can be changed to fresh air outlet or smoke exhaust outlet, ventilation room or smoke exhaust room respectively, which can be applied to the fresh air system and smoke exhaust system of HVAC. It has strong reusability and applicability.

[0055] (8) High degree of digitalization. Utilizing BIM technology and improved ant colony algorithm to promote the forward design and digitalization process of municipal engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 Flowchart of the deodorization pipeline system generation method of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 The present invention provides a spatial analysis diagram of the beam under which it can be used;

[0058] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the deodorization pipe path in the grid of the present invention

[0059] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the improved ant colony algorithm of this invention;

[0060] Figure 5 The deodorization pipeline system boundary parameter input interface of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 The digital information transmission relationship of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] A method for generating deodorizing pipes based on BIM technology and an improved ant colony algorithm is characterized by the following main processes, core functions, and core innovations.

[0063] (1) The main process of this invention: as follows Figure 1 Step one: After collecting project requirements, generate an analysis diagram of the available space under the beams using BIM-based forward or semi-forward design (e.g., Figure 2 ,exist Figure 2 The shaded area under the beam (the diagonal shaded area represents the usable space under the beam, and the dotted shaded area represents the unusable space under the beam); Step 2, mesh the usable space analysis diagram under the beam, dividing it into small mesh units for easier subsequent calculations; Step 3, in the meshed usable space analysis diagram under the beam, arrange the locations of odor collection points and odor treatment equipment, taking the odor treatment equipment pipe interface location as the starting point, the farthest odor collection point from the deodorization equipment as the ending point, and the odor collection point in the middle as the intermediate point (e.g., ...). Figure 3 ,exist Figure 3 The shaded area under the beam represents the usable space, while the dotted shaded area represents the unusable space. The five-pointed star in the upper right corner is the starting point, the five-pointed star on the left is the furthest collection point, and the three solid black dots are the three intermediate collection points. (The grid area is a meshed representation). Step four: Based on the analysis diagram of the usable space under the beam and the boundary parameter interface of the deodorization pipeline system (e.g., ... Figure 4 The process begins by inputting boundary conditions such as the location of odor collection points, odor treatment equipment, building and obstacle locations, and pipe curvature radius. An improved ant colony algorithm executes calculation commands, with positive and negative feedback mechanisms accelerating the calculation. When design conditions change, the algorithm assesses the situation, adjusts boundary parameters, and recalculates. This iterative calculation continues until the final pipe path plan is generated. Step five involves automatically laying out pipes, valves, and accessories based on the pipe path plan, connecting equipment and air vents. Step six involves verifying the duct hydraulics based on the air velocity requirements of the air vents and ducts, and finalizing the odor removal pipe system.

[0064] Figure 5The digital information transmission diagram mainly illustrates the input and delivery process of digital information according to the present invention. The process primarily involves: 1) Inputting model information: Utilizing BIM technology to establish parametric models of civil engineering, equipment, pipelines, etc., and assigning model information; 2) Inputting location and dimension coordinate information, including odor collection point coordinates, workshop floor height, net height requirements, ceiling height, and pipe dimensions; 3) Exporting image information, including a usable space analysis diagram under beams, presented in color schemes, pattern fills, or RGB pixel format; 4) Inputting and outputting digital information, specifically referring to calculating by inputting boundary condition information and combining it with the internal functional relationships of the algorithm, ultimately outputting a calculation report; 5) Outputting path information: After completing the path calculation of the deodorization pipeline system, outputting a pipeline path planning diagram or curve. Finally, the above information can be output in multiple ways, fed back to the owner in the form of model information, location coordinates, dimension parameters, image information, digital information, and path information, realizing the digital delivery of the design product.

[0065] (2) The core function of this invention:

[0066] a. The core formula for generating the available space analysis diagram under the beam in this invention:

[0067] 1) Spatial calculation formula for beam bottom

[0068] H under-bridge =H n -H clea-height -H beam-strucctures -H pipe+mac

[0069] In the formula, H under-bridge H is the usable clear height at the bottom of the beam. n H represents the floor height of each room. clear-height H is the net height of the room. beam-structures H is the height of the structural beam. pipe+mac The height of vertical pipelines and equipment is the floor height after deducting the beam height and clear height.

[0070] 2) Formula for the set of points that satisfy the clear height requirement under the beam:

[0071] P = {P i，j =P(x, y, z)}

[0072] H n -zH beam-structures -H pipe-mac ≤H under-bridge

[0073] P i，j The above formula should be satisfied. In the formula, P represents all points P that satisfy the beam clearance requirement. i，j The set of points, where z is the coordinate of a point along the Z-axis in a Cartesian coordinate system;

[0074] 3) Satisfies the formula for the point set of the region outside the obstacle:

[0075] P = UP{P i，j =P(x0, y0)}

[0076] P represents the set of points outside the obstacle, U represents the universal set of all points within the study area, and P(x0, y0) represents the set of points of the obstacle. That is, the usable spatial points under the beam should be the complement of the set of points of the obstacle within the universal set of the study area.

[0077] b. The core function of the improved ant colony algorithm of this invention:

[0078] 1) Ant crawling speed

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, v τ Defined as the instantaneous speed of an ant crawling, it is the ratio of the ant's crawling displacement ΔL at a certain position within an infinitesimally short infinitesimal time interval to the time Δτ taken.

[0081] 2) The transition probability formula for the improved ant colony algorithm:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, G stren S is a positive feedback reinforcing factor. bad The pheromone is the negative feedback factor, and the other parameters are the same as the transition probability formula of the traditional ant colony algorithm.

[0084] 3) Pheromones allocation formula for the improved ant colony algorithm:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Where: G stren As a positive feedback factor, G stren ∈[1,2]. ① During normal crawling, G stren =1; When faster computation is needed, the accumulation of pheromones is rapidly increased through positive feedback factors; ② When the ant's crawling stops and it gets stuck in a local optimum, the crawling speed v τ →0, via S bad Odor pheromone negative feedback regulation algorithm process.

[0088] 4) Formula for calculating odor pheromones:

[0089]

[0090] Sbad S is an odor pheromone. bad ≤0, the odor pheromone (negative feedback factor) employs an additive strategy to fine-tune the algorithm process. The odor pheromone (negative feedback factor) has three states: ① Initial state, the odor pheromone is 0, and the ant crawls normally; ② State trapped in a local optimum, the odor pheromone reaches its maximum for a short time and then continuously decreases until it recovers; ③ Recovery state, when the ant completely exits the unfavorable branch and resumes its normal crawling speed, the odor pheromone drops back to 0.

[0091] (3) The core innovations of this invention are fourfold: First, the generation process of the available space analysis diagram under the beam. It uses BIM technology as a carrier to calculate the difference between the space under the beam and the net height requirements, forming a two-dimensional space analysis diagram to reduce the amount of calculation required to solve three-dimensional problems; Second, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed. By establishing a dual feedback adjustment mechanism, the positive feedback factor is increased to increase the accumulation of pheromones in this branch, thereby accelerating the ant crawling (iterative calculation) speed. At the same time, for problem scenarios where the solution is completed or trapped in a local optimum, on the one hand, odor pheromones (negative feedback factor) are used to reduce the accumulation of pheromones, reminding other ant colonies to avoid repeated calculations in this branch and to complete the convergence judgment of this branch as soon as possible; Third, the deep integration of BIM technology and the improved ant colony algorithm. Through the above steps, the deodorization pipeline system is quickly generated in the form of software or plug-in physical assistance design; Fourth, during the implementation process, multiple information inputs and outputs can be realized to achieve digital delivery of the design product.

[0092] 8. Examples

[0093] The following embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the following description, and these obvious variations or modifications that are derived from the technical essence of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0094] Example 1:

[0095] Step 1: Collect design conditions from various disciplines. Specifically, this includes: the building's spatial layout, structural load information for each discipline, HVAC layout requirements, electrical equipment power consumption, etc. At the same time, collect detailed design conditions for the deodorization system, such as air exchange rate and location requirements.

[0096] Step 2: Perform forward and semi-forward design based on BIM software. Use Revit to build civil engineering, process, and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) models, and arrange detailed equipment, valves, instruments, and other components.

[0097] Step 3: Generate the available space under the beam analysis diagram and perform meshing. Based on the formula for calculating the available space under the beam, calculate the available space under the beam by taking into account the floor height, beam height, and clear height requirements of each room. Generate and export the available space under the beam analysis diagram in Revit, as shown below. Figure 2 Furthermore, the bottom of the beam can be rasterized using the analysis diagram, and divided into sections such as... Figure 3 The grid shown is an m x n grid (where m and n are the number of horizontal and vertical grids, respectively).

[0098] Step 4: Input / Adjust Boundary Conditions. Using C language in Visual Studio for secondary computer development, create a boundary entry interface for the odor control piping system. This interface can be integrated with BIM software as a plugin or software component, such as... Figure 4 Enter project information, deodorization process, boundary conditions, start and end points of the deodorization system, several intermediate collection points, select and confirm the calculation algorithm on this interface. When individual professional boundary conditions change, they can be adjusted on this interface to complete the initialization and calculation preparation work.

[0099] Step 5: Calculation based on the improved ant colony algorithm. Using the improved ant colony algorithm's transition probability formula, pheromone allocation strategy formula, and odor pheromone calculation formula of this invention, the ant crawling path is calculated. Following the principle of "first solving the main path, then solving the branch paths," the algorithm's calculation principle is as follows: Figure 5 . In specific calculations, the following three scenarios are often encountered: Scenario 1: Slow calculation speed problem: By increasing the positive feedback factor Gstren in the pheromone distribution formula, the accumulation of pheromones in this branch is increased, thus accelerating the ant crawling speed (iterative calculation speed) vτ; Scenario 2: Calculation stagnation and getting stuck in a local optimum problem, specifically manifested as the ant crawling speed vτ→0. For problem scenarios where the solution is completed or stuck in a local optimum, the odor pheromone Sbad is released, and the accumulation of pheromones is reduced through negative feedback adjustment, reminding other ant colonies to avoid repeated calculations of this branch and to complete the convergence judgment of this branch as soon as possible. The odor pheromone Sbad gradually weakens as the ants retreat from this unfavorable branch. When the ants completely exit this unfavorable path and resume normal crawling speed, the odor pheromone secretion stops; Scenario 3: Individual professional condition changes problem: At this time, logical judgment is performed. If there is no condition change, the optimal main pipe and branch pipe paths are output. If there is a change, the corresponding initial boundary conditions are modified in the BIM model according to the specific adjustments, and the available space analysis diagram of the beam bottom and the ant colony algorithm calculation data are updated until the main and all branch paths are calculated.

[0100] Step 6: Generate the route planning map and initial layout of the deodorization pipeline. Based on the calculation results of Step 5, draw the main roads and branch roads in the BIM software, and draw the initial layout of the deodorization system pipeline;

[0101] Step 7: Pipe Diameter Verification Calculation. Arrange the deodorization air outlets and connect them to the air ducts. Arrange the equipment, valves, and instruments. Perform hydraulic verification calculations for the air ducts to obtain the final deodorization system layout.

[0102] Step 8 outputs the optimal odor control system piping layout and diverse digital information. This includes CAD drawings, 3D renderings, 3D sectional views, BIM walkthrough animations, and other digital deliverables, completing the digital delivery of the design product.

[0103] Example 2: Application of the present invention in other fields

[0104] The technical method of this invention can not only generate deodorization pipeline systems, facilitating the design of deodorization systems for water supply plants, sewage treatment plants, waste treatment plants, and sludge drying and incineration projects, but also can be applied to systems with clearly defined pipeline starting and intermediate points, such as hot water systems, fresh air systems, and fire smoke exhaust systems, as detailed below:

[0105] 1) Application of hot water system: Based on the deodorization pipeline system generation algorithm of the present invention, keep the main contents of steps 1 to 8 unchanged, and modify the boundary conditions in step 4: change the duct length and width parameters to hot water pipe diameter, change the starting point and middle point in the grid diagram of ant colony crawling to hot water inlet and hot water use point respectively, and change the arrangement of deodorization air outlet and duct valve in step 7 to sanitary ware and water supply valve, so as to generate the hot water system design work of building water supply and drainage profession;

[0106] 2) Application of fresh air system: Based on the method of the present invention, keep the main contents of steps 1 to 8 unchanged, and only modify the boundary conditions in step 4: the starting point and the middle point in the grid diagram of the ant colony crawling are changed to the fresh air machine room and the fresh air vents of each room to generate a fresh air system.

[0107] 3) Fire smoke exhaust system: Based on the method of the present invention, keep the main contents of steps 1 to 8 unchanged, and only modify the boundary conditions in step 4: change the starting point and the middle point in the grid diagram of the ant colony crawling to the mechanical smoke exhaust room and the mechanical smoke exhaust vent, respectively, and the fire smoke exhaust system can be generated.

Claims

1. A method for generating deodorizing pipes based on BIM technology and an improved ant colony algorithm, characterized in that... include: (1) Step 1: After collecting project requirements, calculate the difference between the space under the beam and the clear height requirements through BIM forward or semi-forward design, and generate a two-dimensional space analysis diagram of the available space under the beam to reduce the amount of calculation for solving three-dimensional problems. The available space analysis diagram of the beam has the following characteristics: (1-1) The mass points in the spatial analysis diagram should satisfy the following conditions in the rectangular coordinate system: on the one hand, the coordinates of the mass points in the Z direction satisfy the formula for calculating the available space under the beam and the point set formula for satisfying the net height requirement under the beam; on the other hand, the X and Y directions do not coincide with the positions of the components, i.e., obstacles, in the existing project BIM model, i.e., satisfy the point set formula for the area outside the obstacles. (1-2) Space calculation formula for beam bottom H under-bridge =H n -H clear-height -H beam-structures -H pipe+mac In the formula, H under-bridge H is the usable clear height at the bottom of the beam. n H represents the floor height of each room. clear-height H is the net height of the room. beam-structures H is the height of the structural beam. pipe+mac The height of vertical pipelines and equipment is the floor height after deducting the beam height and clear height. (1-3) Formula for the set of points that satisfy the clear height requirement under the beam: P = {Pi, j = P(x, y, z)} Hn-z-Hbeam-structures-Hpipe-mac≤Hunder-bridge Pi,j should satisfy the above formula, where P is the set of all points Pi,j that satisfy the beam clearance requirement, and z is the coordinate of the point in the Z-axis direction of the rectangular coordinate system; (1-4) Satisfies the formula for the point set of the region outside the obstacle: P = UP{Pi, j = P(x0, y0)} Let P be the set of points outside the obstacle, and U be the complete set of all points within the study area. P(x0, y0) is the set of points of obstacles; that is, the available spatial mass points under the beam should be the complement of the set of points of obstacles within the entire set of the study area; (2) Step 2: Mesh the available spatial analysis diagram under the beam, dividing it into small mesh units to facilitate subsequent calculations. The mesh units have the following characteristics: (2-1) In the plan view, the grid scale is divided into small units of 1mm x 1mm. The grid scale can be adjusted in the computer according to the engineering precision and calculation speed. (2-2) The result of meshing is to divide the two-dimensional spatial analysis diagram into small units and accommodate the set of points that meet the net height requirements into the divided mesh units; (3) Step three, in the spatial analysis diagram under the beam after mesh splitting, arrange the positions of odor collection points and odor treatment equipment, take the pipe interface position of odor treatment equipment as the starting point, the odor collection point farthest from the deodorization equipment as the ending point, and the odor collection point in the middle position as the intermediate point; (4) Step four: Based on the available space analysis diagram under the beam, input the boundary conditions in the boundary parameter interface of the deodorization pipeline system, including the location of the odor collection point, the location of the odor treatment equipment, the location of building obstacles, and the radius of curvature of the pipeline; execute the calculation command through the improved ant colony algorithm, and accelerate the calculation through positive and negative feedback dual adjustment. When the design conditions change, judge and adjust the boundary parameters to recalculate. Calculate cyclically until the final pipeline path planning diagram is generated. The characteristics of this step include: (4-1) Defines the ant crawling speed, transfer probability, pheromone allocation, and odor pheromone calculation formulas in the improved ant colony algorithm, and the meaning of the parameters involved. (4-2) specifies the implementation process of the deodorization pipeline path generation method, and defines the solution order of this process as: first solve the main path and then calculate the branch path; (4-3) specifies two solution judgments for the implementation process: whether it is trapped in a local optimum and whether individual professional conditions have changed, which are used to determine whether the algorithm can end the calculation. (4-4) includes preliminary calculation and verification calculation. When external parameters are adjusted or changed, the calculation boundary parameters are modified and recalculated according to design requirements. (4-5) Possesses positive and negative feedback regulation mechanisms; when the ant crawling speed is affected by pheromone distribution, the computational problems under the following three regulation mechanisms can be solved; Mechanism 1, when the crawling speed is slow, by increasing the positive feedback factor G in the pheromone distribution formula. stren This increases the accumulation of pheromones in this branch, accelerating the ant's crawling speed, i.e., the iterative calculation speed v. τ Mechanism 2: Computational stagnation leading to local optima, specifically manifested as the ant's crawling speed v τ →0, for problem scenarios where the solution is complete or trapped in a local optimum, by releasing the odor pheromone S bad By using negative feedback to reduce the accumulation of pheromones, other ant colonies are reminded to avoid redundant calculations of this branch and to complete the convergence judgment of this branch as soon as possible. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to the odor pheromone S.) bad As the ants' retreat from this unfavorable branch gradually weakens, when the ants completely exit this unfavorable path and resume their normal crawling speed, the odor pheromone stops being secreted; Mechanism 3: Individual professional change of conditions: At this time, logical judgment is performed. If there is no change in conditions, the optimal main pipe and branch pipe paths are output. If there is a change, the corresponding initial boundary conditions are modified again in the BIM model according to the specific adjustments, and the available space analysis diagram of the beam bottom and the ant colony algorithm calculation data are updated until the main and all branch paths are calculated. (4-6) Core function 1 of the improved ant colony algorithm, namely, ant crawling speed: In the formula, v τ Defined as the instantaneous speed of an ant crawling, it is the ratio of the ant's crawling displacement ΔL to the time Δτ at a certain position within an infinitesimally short infinitesimal time interval. (4-7) Core Function 2: The transition probability formula for the improved ant colony algorithm: In the formula, G stren S is a positive feedback reinforcing factor. bad The odor pheromone is the negative feedback factor, and the other parameters are the same as the traditional ant colony algorithm transition probability formula. (4-8) Core Function 3: Pheromones Allocation Formula of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm: Where: G stren As a positive feedback factor, G stren ∈[1,2];① During normal crawling, G stren =1; When faster computation is needed, pheromone accumulation is rapidly increased through positive feedback factors; ② When ants stagnate and get stuck in a local optimum, their crawling speed vτ→0, and S bad Odor pheromone negative feedback regulation algorithm process; (4-9) Core Function 4: Formula for Calculating Odor Pheromone: S bad S is an odor pheromone. bad ≤0, odor pheromone, i.e., negative feedback factor, adopts an additive strategy to fine-tune the algorithm process; odor pheromone has 3 states: ① Initial state, odor pheromone is 0, ants crawl normally; ② State trapped in a local optimum, odor pheromone reaches its maximum for a short time and then continues to decrease until the recovery state; ③ Recovery state, when ants completely exit the unfavorable branch and resume normal crawling speed, odor pheromone drops back to 0; (5) Step five: Automatically arrange pipelines, valves, and accessories based on the pipeline route planning map, and connect equipment and air outlets. The core feature of this step is: (5-1) Using BIM technology, after the pipeline route is formed, the single-line diagram of the pipeline route is transformed into a double-line diagram with actual pipe wall thickness, pipe diameter and material according to the design pipe diameter, so as to realize automatic pipe laying. (5-2) Manually add valve accessories and terminal air outlets to complete the layout of the piping system; (6) Step Six: Based on the air outlet and duct velocity requirements, review the duct hydraulics and determine the final deodorization duct system; (7) Based on the range of design parameters and the requirements for resistance loss in the specifications, perform verification calculations and adjust the length and width of rectangular ducts or the diameter of circular ducts to optimize the deodorization pipeline system.

Images