Medium-deep hole drilling and upward layer filling mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method, which is divided into a plurality of sections in stages, and a plurality of layers in sections, and the mining is carried out in horizontal layers from bottom to top; after the first layer, i.e. the bottom layer, is formed, an upward slot blasting medium-deep hole and a layered blasting medium-deep hole are drilled in the bottom layer or the layered empty area around a ventilation filling well, the slot blasting forms a segmented cutting groove, and the depth of the layered blasting medium-deep hole is the segment height; explosives are loaded into the layered blasting medium-deep hole in the space reserved after the lower layer is filled, and the loading length is the layer height, and the ore body is subjected to layered blasting mining from bottom to top with the ultimate empty top height of the ore body as the maximum mining height, so that the rock drilling work of the segmented ore body can be realized by only a single drilling, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency and reduces the drilling difficulty, reduces the number of drillings and the operation time of the staff in the suspended reserved space of the ore body, and improves the safety and the mining efficiency of blasting mining by upward blasting holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining and filling, in particular to a medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method. Background Art

[0002] The upward layered filling mining method is one of the main methods of underground mining in metal and non-metal mines. This method generally divides the ore block into chambers and pillars. The first step is to mine the chambers, and the second step is to mine the pillars. When mining the chambers, the work is carried out in horizontal layers from bottom to top. As the working face advances upward, the goaf is filled layer by layer, and working space is left for continued mining. The filling body protects the surrounding rock on both sides and serves as a working platform for mining. The collapsed ore falls on the surface of the filling body, and the ore is transported to the chute by mechanical methods. When the chamber is mined to the uppermost layer, the top filling is carried out. The pillars are mined after several chambers or all stages have been mined.

[0003] The shallow hole blasting of the working face of the upward layered filling mining method is divided into two types according to the direction of the blasthole, namely horizontal blasthole and upward blasthole. The horizontal blasthole is perpendicular to the face, and the length of the face blasting advancement is limited by the blasthole depth, which is generally not more than 4m. The upward blasthole is parallel to the face, and the length of the face blasting advancement is less affected by the blasthole depth. Therefore, in terms of blasting efficiency, the upward blasthole arrangement is better than the horizontal blasthole. The patent application with application number CN200910043192.3 adopts a technical solution of providing an upward layered mining method, which is to carry out centralized operations with the layered stope as a unit. First, all the blastholes are drilled in the layered stope, and all the blastholes are drilled as upward blastholes. Then, all the charged blastholes in the stope are charged and blasted to collapse the ore and mine out at one time.

[0004] However, when using upward blastholes for blasting and mining, personnel and equipment are located below the disturbed ore and rock to be blasted during drilling. When the stability of the ore and rock is poor, the safety risk of personnel and equipment is high. Secondly, the space where personnel and equipment are located when drilling upward holes is the working space reserved for the previous lower layer filling. Due to poor roof control during the lower layer blasting or uneven filling body and difficulty in subsequent leveling, the height of the working space varies, affecting the entry and operation quality of the rock drilling equipment; and in order to control the empty top height of the layer (the sum of the layer ore falling height and the reserved working space height) within 5m, the reserved working space height is often not more than 2m, and it is difficult for mechanized rock drilling equipment to enter at this time.

[0005] To sum up, the urgent problem to be solved is that in order to maximize the efficiency of upward blasting and ore collapse, it is necessary to provide space for mechanized equipment to operate when drilling upward blast holes, improve drilling efficiency, reduce the time of working under the mine rock roof, and reduce construction risks. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method, which can not only improve the safety of blasting and mining using upward blastholes, but also improve its mining efficiency.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] The stages are divided into several sections, the sections are divided into several layers, and the ore body is mined in horizontal layers from bottom to top;

[0009] After the first layer, i.e. the bottom layer, is formed, an upward groove blasting medium-deep hole and a layered blasting medium-deep hole are drilled in the bottom layer or the layered empty area around the pedestrian ventilation filling well, and the upward groove blasting medium-deep hole is blasted to form a segmented cutting groove, and the depth of the layered blasting medium-deep hole is the segment height;

[0010] Explosives are loaded into the deep holes of layered blasting. The length of the loading is the layer height. The ore body is blasted and mined from bottom to top in layers with the ultimate empty top height of the ore body as the maximum mining height.

[0011] Preferably, after drilling the medium-deep holes for layered blasting, the bottom layer is filled, leaving only an explosive filling operation space, and the explosive filling operation space is used to fill the medium-deep holes for layered blasting, and the ore body is blasted and mined from bottom to top in layers with the ultimate empty top height of the ore body as the maximum mining height.

[0012] Preferably, after each layered blasting recovery, the recovery space is first filled and an explosive filling operation space is reserved, and then the explosive filling operation space is used to fill the explosives for the next layered blasting recovery into the medium and deep holes of the layered blasting.

[0013] Preferably, before loading the explosives, the deep holes of the layered blasting are first filled with gunpowder mud, and the height difference between the filling height of the gunpowder mud and the filling height of the filling body is the ultimate empty top height of the ore body.

[0014] Preferably, in the part of the ore body with regular shape, the deep holes in the layered blasting extend longitudinally upward along the vertical line from the bottom layer.

[0015] Preferably, the pull bottom layer is used to drill the upward pull groove blasting medium-deep hole and the layered blasting medium-deep hole, and the vertical depth of the upward pull groove blasting medium-deep hole is consistent with the depth of the layered blasting medium-deep hole.

[0016] Preferably, the drilling direction of the deep hole in the upward slot blasting is parallel to the extension direction of the pedestrian ventilation filling well.

[0017] Preferably, the upward slot blasting medium and deep holes are circumferentially distributed around the pedestrian ventilation filling well.

[0018] Preferably, before filling the explosives into the medium-deep holes for layered blasting, the medium-deep holes for upward groove blasting are first filled with explosives, and the medium-deep holes for upward groove blasting are blasted as a whole.

[0019] Preferably, the height of the pull-down layer is lower than the ultimate empty top height of the ore body.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The blasthole arrangement of the present invention is an upward blasthole, and the length of a single blast is large, which improves the recovery efficiency; compared with the existing layered rock drilling, the segmented rock drilling efficiency is high, which reduces the working time of personnel and equipment under the roof, thereby reducing the mining risk, and at the same time, the cutting groove of the layered blasting is formed by medium and deep hole blasting, and a segmented cutting groove is formed at one time, which improves the efficiency of the cutting project construction.

[0022] The present invention reserves a bottom layer in the first layer of each segment of the ore body, uses the bottom layer to drill medium-depth holes for layered blasting upwards, fills the medium-depth holes for layered blasting with explosives, and carries out layered blasting and mining of the ore body from bottom to top with the ultimate empty top height of the ore body as the maximum mining height, thereby realizing the mining of the unit stage or unit segmented ore body only by a single drilling, greatly reducing the difficulty of drilling, reducing the number of drillings and the operating time of the staff in the suspended reserved space of the ore body, improving the safety of blasting and mining by upward blastholes, and further improving the mining efficiency of blasting and mining by upward blastholes.

[0023] The present invention utilizes a pedestrian ventilation and filling well as a cutting shaft, and drills a pull-down layer extending horizontally from the pedestrian ventilation and filling well into the ore body in the first layer of each segment of the ore body. The pull-down layer provides a larger operating space for underground operations, can meet the space requirements for deep holes in slots, and greatly reduces the difficulty of drilling holes under rock.

[0024] Before filling the explosives, the present invention first fills the deep holes of the layered blasting with gun mud, and the height difference between the lowest height of the gun mud filling and the filling height of the filling body is the maximum empty top height of the ore body; in this way, a blasting space with a closed upper end is provided for the explosives, thereby ensuring the blasting effect of the explosives and ensuring that the maximum empty top height of the layered blasting does not exceed the maximum empty top height of the ore body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of mining an ore body by using the medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 B1-B1 section view in .

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 B2-B2 section view in .

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 1 B3-B3 section view in .

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 CC cross-section diagram in .

[0030] The markings of the components in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0031] 1. Ore body; 2. Mining room; 3. Pillar mining; 4. Backfilling body; 5. Bottom pillar; 6. Staged horizontal tunnel; 7. Sectional horizontal tunnel; 8. Mine chute; 9. Chute connecting tunnel; 10. Layered connecting tunnel; 11. Bottom tunnel; 12. Pedestrian ventilation and filling shaft; 13. Return air horizontal tunnel; 14. Through-vein horizontal tunnel; 15. Cutting horizontal tunnel; 16. Cutting groove; 17. Bore layer; 18. Upward groove blasting medium and deep holes; 19. Layered blasting medium and deep holes; 20. Blasting compensation space; 21. Explosive filling operation space; 22. Explosives; 23. Gun mud; 24. Collapsed ore. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Figures 1 to 5 The ore body 1 to be mined is mined by using the deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method of the present invention, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0034] S1, arranging the ore blocks vertically to the strike of ore body 1;

[0035] The thickness of the ore body 1 is greater than 15m, and the ore blocks are arranged vertically to the strike of the ore body 1; the ore blocks are divided into a chamber stope 2 and a pillar stope 3. The chamber is mined in the first step, and the pillars are mined in the second step. The backfill 4 protects the surrounding rocks on both sides during the mining. The stope width is about 10m, the middle section height is 60m, the section height is 13m, the layer height is 3.3m, the layer top height is 4.8m, and an 8m bottom pillar 5 is left.

[0036] S2. Arrange the mining and cutting works;

[0037] The mining and cutting project includes stage level tunnel 6, segmented level tunnel 7, chute shaft 8, chute shaft connection tunnel 9, layered connection tunnel 10, bottom tunnel 11, pedestrian ventilation filling shaft 12, return air level tunnel 13, vein tunnel 14, cutting horizontal tunnel 15, cutting skylight 16; Figures 1 to 5 shown.

[0038] S3, mining the ore body 1 in horizontal sections from bottom to top, and reserving a bottom layer in the first layer of the first section;

[0039] According to rock mechanics, the ultimate void top height of the ore body 1 is 4.8m. The bottom layer 17 formed by the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft 12 and the bottom pulling tunnel 11 is the first bottom pulling layer. The bottom pulling layer 17 extends horizontally from the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft 12 into the ore body 1, and its height is 4.8m.

[0040] S4, using the bottom layer to drill upwards to form a medium-deep hole 18 and a medium-deep hole 19 for layered blasting;

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the upper slot blasting medium and deep holes 18 are distributed around the pedestrian ventilation filling well 12, and as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the drilling direction of the deep hole 18 in the upward slot blasting is parallel to the extension direction of the pedestrian ventilation filling well 12. Figure 2 As shown, in the part of the ore body 1 with regular shape, the medium-deep hole 19 of layered blasting extends longitudinally upward from the bottom layer along the vertical line, and in the part of the ore body 1 with irregular edge, the medium-deep hole 19 of layered blasting extends upward from the bottom layer along the inclination of the ore body 1. The vertical depth of the medium-deep hole 18 of upward groove blasting is consistent with the depth of the medium-deep hole 19 of layered blasting, and the depth height of the medium-deep hole 19 of layered blasting is 15m, which is the segment height of the ore block.

[0042] S5, groove blasting to form blasting compensation space 20, and layered blasting for the first stage segment;

[0043] The middle and deep holes 18 of the upward groove blasting are filled with explosives 22, and the middle and deep holes 18 of the upward groove blasting are blasted as a whole to form a blasting compensation space 20, such as Figure 3 and then fill the bottom layer 17, the filling height is the layer height, the reserved explosive filling operation space 21 height 1.5m.

[0044] The staff enters the reserved explosive filling operation space 21, and first fills 50 cm long gun mud 23 into the medium and deep holes 19 of the layered blasting to block the blastholes. The filling depth is the layer height, that is, the height difference between the lowest height of the gun mud 23 and the filling height of the filling body 4 is the maximum empty top height of the ore body 1; then the explosive 22 is loaded, and the charging length is the layer height. The layered stope is charged and blasted once. The blasting compensation space 20 and the reserved explosive filling operation space 21 are used as blasting compensation space. The collapsed ore 24 after the layered blasting is concentrated and then filled. The filling height is the layer height. Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0045] The above-mentioned stratified blasting steps are repeated until all the deep holes 19 in the stratified blasting are blasted, and after the last stratified blasting is mined, the goaf is not filled temporarily.

[0046] S6, repeating steps S4 and S5 until the ore body 1 is mined from bottom to top;

[0047] The goaf reserved for the last layered blasting mining of the first stage segment is used as the bottom layer, and the ore body 1 is mined in layers from bottom to top according to the process of steps S4 and S5 until the mining of the ore body 1 is completed.

[0048] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method, It is characterized in that The steps include: The stages are divided into several sections, the sections are divided into several layers, and the ore body is mined in horizontal layers from bottom to top; After the first layer, i.e. the pulling layer, is formed, upward pulling slot blasting medium-deep holes and layered blasting medium-deep holes are drilled in the pulling layer or the layered empty area around the pedestrian ventilation filling well. The upward pulling slot blasting medium-deep holes are blasted to form segmented cutting grooves, and the depth of the layered blasting medium-deep holes is the segmented height; after drilling the layered blasting medium-deep holes, the pulling layer is filled, and only an explosive loading operation space is reserved. The explosive loading operation space is used to fill the layered blasting medium-deep holes with explosives, and the loading length is the layer height. The ore body is blasted and recovered from bottom to top in layers with the ultimate empty top height of the ore body as the maximum recovery height.

2. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that After each layered blasting recovery, the recovery space is first filled and a space for explosive filling operation is reserved, and then the explosive filling operation space is used to fill the explosives for the next layered blasting recovery into the medium and deep holes of the layered blasting.

3. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 2, It is characterized in that Before loading the explosives, the deep holes of the layered blasting are first filled with gun mud, and the height difference between the filling height of the gun mud and the filling height of the filling body is the ultimate empty top height of the ore body.

4. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In the part of the ore body with regular shape, the deep holes in the layered blasting extend longitudinally upward along the vertical line from the bottom layer.

5. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The pull bottom layer is used to drill the upward pull groove blasting medium-deep hole and the layered blasting medium-deep hole. The vertical depth of the upward pull groove blasting medium-deep hole is consistent with the depth of the layered blasting medium-deep hole.

6. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The drilling direction of the deep hole in the upward slot blasting is parallel to the extending direction of the pedestrian ventilation filling well.

7. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The upward slot blasting medium and deep holes are circumferentially distributed around the pedestrian ventilation filling well.

8. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that Before filling the explosives into the medium-deep holes of the layered blasting, the explosives are first filled into the medium-deep holes of the upward groove blasting, and the medium-deep holes of the upward groove blasting are blasted as a whole.

9. The medium-deep hole rock drilling upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The height of the pull-down layer is lower than the ultimate empty top height of the ore body.

Images