A method for growing rice in severe saline-alkali land

Abstract

The present invention proposes a method for planting rice in severe saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: S1, rough dry leveling; S2, land improvement; S3, fine dry leveling; S4, irrigation; S5, sowing: using drones for sowing; S6, water layer management: re-irrigating after drainage, repeating drainage 2 to 3 times and irrigation; S7, weeding; S8, fertilization; S9, post-management. The step of sowing by drones comprises: obtaining environmental parameters, calculating drone flight parameters according to the environmental parameters, and performing intelligent flight sowing according to the drone flight parameters. The present invention can effectively utilize the soil conditions of saline-alkali land by directly irrigating and direct seeding after fine dry leveling; through the intelligent flight sowing of drones, the sowing depth can be controlled in combination with the actual soil conditions, saving labor costs and making the sowing more uniform, thereby improving the rice seedling survival rate and yield in severe saline-alkali land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for planting rice in severe saline-alkali land. Technical Background

[0002] Northeast China is a typical concentrated distribution area of ​​soda saline-alkali land in my country, with an area of ​​7.65 million hectares and an annual expansion rate of 1.4%. The severely saline-alkali land after the degradation of natural grasslands has completely lost the ecological function and economic utilization value of the original grassland, resulting in a serious threat to the ecological security barrier of the main grain-producing areas in Northeast China.

[0003] Traditional methods of managing saline-alkali land generally involve tilling, fertilizing, rotary tilling, soaking and washing salt, etc. These methods are effective for managing coastal saline-alkali land or mild soda saline-alkali land, but are not suitable for severe saline-alkali land in the Northeast. The severe saline-alkali land in the Northeast is hard when there is no water, expands and becomes muddy after irrigation, and the soil is poor in nutrients. The traditional methods of deep tilling and harrowing will cause the saline-alkali land to form thick mud, which will not settle, is impermeable to water, and is not breathable, making it impossible for any crops to grow, and rice cannot be grown or the yield is extremely low.

[0004] Therefore, a new saline-alkali land cultivation method is needed to solve the problem that rice is difficult to grow and the yield is low in the severely saline-alkali land in Northeast China. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for planting rice in severe saline-alkali land. The invention point of the present invention is to adopt a method of direct watering and direct seeding after dry land leveling, which replaces the deep plowing and water harrowing in the traditional planting process, avoids the deterioration of the soil conditions of the saline-alkali land, and overcomes the shortcomings and defects mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for growing rice in severe saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Dry rough leveling: When the soil thaws from January to March, go to the field to level the land, make the soil level, and lay a standard rice pond;

[0009] S2. Land improvement: Apply soil conditioners, organic fertilizers, and compound fertilizers to the soil;

[0010] S3, Dry leveling: Use a rotary tiller to till the land and then use a leveling machine to level it;

[0011] Furthermore, the soil is tilled 15 to 20 centimeters with a rotary tiller and then leveled with a leveler to make the height difference of the soil no greater than 5 centimeters.

[0012] S4, irrigation: irrigation water to dissolve salts, and after drainage, the soil pH and alkalinity decrease;

[0013] S5. Sowing: Prepare germinating rice seeds in advance and sow them using drones in May and June;

[0014] S6. Water layer management: After sowing, keep the soil water layer below 15 cm. When the rice seedlings grow to 1-2 cm, drain and re-irrigate. Repeat the drainage and re-irrigation 2-3 times.

[0015] Furthermore, after the Nth drainage, irrigation is performed N days after the drainage, for example, irrigation is performed 2 days after the second drainage, and irrigation is performed 3 days after the third drainage.

[0016] S7, weeding: spraying herbicides;

[0017] S8. Fertilization: topdressing fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer;

[0018] S9. Late management: Carry out routine water and fertilizer management, apply rice blast prevention and treatment medicine once in July, apply anti-lodging agent once from August to October, and prevent and control pests and weeds;

[0019] Further, in S5, the step of sowing with a drone includes: acquiring environmental parameters, calculating flight parameters of the drone according to the environmental parameters, and performing intelligent flight sowing according to the flight parameters of the drone.

[0020] Furthermore, the drone also includes a seed blowing device, and the seeds are accelerated by the blowing device and then blown to the ground.

[0021] Specifically, the environmental parameters include soil moisture, soil hardness, wind direction, and wind speed; the UAV flight parameters include flight altitude, flight speed, initial seed velocity, sowing speed, sowing depth, and flight direction.

[0022] Furthermore, the calculation process of the UAV flight parameters includes:

[0023] Determine the sowing depth based on soil moisture.

[0024] y=k 1 x 2 +k 2 xk 3

[0025] Where y is the sowing depth in cm; x is the soil moisture in weight percentage; k 1 , k 2 , k 3 is the sowing depth coefficient;

[0026] Specifically, the higher the soil moisture, the shallower the sowing depth should be to prevent the seeds from being buried too deep in the soil and lacking oxygen. Adjusting the sowing depth according to the soil moisture can increase the survival rate of seeds after sowing.

[0027] Determine the flight height and sowing speed according to the flight speed.

[0028] H=l 1 V 1 2 -l 2 V 1 -l 3

[0029] V 2 =m 1 H 2 +m 2 H+m 3

[0030] Where V 1 is the flight speed, in m / s; V 2 is the sowing speed, in g / s; H is the flight height, in m; l 1 , l 2 , l 3 is the flight altitude coefficient, m 1 、m 2 、m 3 is the sowing speed coefficient;

[0031] Specifically, the seed spacing can be controlled by the flight height and flight speed, and the seeding speed controls the seed density. In addition, the higher the flight height, the faster the seeds will land, and the greater the kinetic energy when they land, the deeper the sowing depth will be. Therefore, the sowing depth is related to the flight height.

[0032] Determine the initial seed velocity based on the sowing depth and soil hardness.

[0033]

[0034] Where V 0 is the initial velocity of the seed, in m / s; h is the hardness of the soil, expressed as acceleration, in m / s 2 ; g is the local gravitational acceleration, in m / s 2 ;

[0035] Specifically, the sowing depth is related to the flight altitude, but if the flight altitude is too high, the seed falling trajectory will be greatly affected by the wind and consume more energy; the harder the soil, the greater the seed landing speed required to achieve the same sowing depth. Therefore, when it is necessary to achieve a greater sowing depth at a lower flight altitude or to sow on harder soil conditions, the seed blowing device on the drone provides an initial velocity for the seeds, so that the seed landing speed is greater than the speed obtained by natural falling, so as to meet the sowing depth requirements.

[0036] Furthermore, the soil moisture is 60% to 100%, the sowing depth is 1 to 2 cm, the flying speed is 3.0 to 6.0 m / s, the flying height is 0.4 to 3.0 m, and the sowing speed is 3 to 15 g / s.

[0037] Furthermore, when the minimum angle between the wind direction and the straight line in which the drone's flight direction is located is greater than 45° or the wind speed is greater than 4.5m / s, the drone's flight altitude shall not exceed 2m.

[0038] By controlling the flight altitude and speed of the drone, the spacing and density of rice plants can be adjusted to ensure that the planting density is properly arranged. If the planting density is too high, it will affect the growth of rice, resulting in poor rice growth and reduced yields; if the planting density is too low, the land cannot be fully utilized, and fertilizers and pesticides will be wasted. Therefore, designing the flight parameters of the drone in combination with the soil conditions of severe saline-alkali land can maximize the use of soil resources, ensure the basic conditions for rice survival and growth, and achieve energy-saving effects.

[0039] Combined with the above conditions, through actual testing, environmental parameters and UAV flight parameters were recorded, scatter plots were drawn and fitted, and sowing depth-soil moisture, flight altitude-flight speed, sowing speed-flight altitude, seed initial velocity-soil hardness curves were made. The sowing depth coefficient k was obtained by calculation. 1 , k 2 , k 3 , flight altitude coefficient l 1 , l 2 , l 3 , sowing speed coefficient m 1 、m 2 、m 3 The preferred range of .

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0041] 1. Abolish the method of harrowing to ensure that rice is planted under original ecological conditions, avoid human destruction of soil structure, ensure the original structure of the soil is good, and solve the problem of low survival rate of existing rice after sowing in severe saline-alkali land.

[0042] 2. The drone flight sowing is controlled by environmental parameters and drone flight parameters. Combined with the seed blowing device, the seeds can be sown in a dispersed and evenly distributed manner. The parameter design reduces the impact of wind on the falling of seeds and prevents the seeds from being blown away by the wind, thereby increasing the adhesion of seeds to the soil surface and further increasing the survival rate of seeds.

[0043] 3. The flight parameters of the UAV are calculated through environmental parameters, and the flight parameters of the UAV are designed in combination with the soil conditions of severe saline-alkali land. The sowing depth and planting density can be accurately controlled by the actual soil moisture and hardness to avoid the increased risk of seeds lodging due to shallow sowing depth or death due to insufficient oxygen supply due to deep sowing depth, thereby maximizing the use of soil resources and ensuring the basic conditions for rice survival and growth.

[0044] 4. Drone sowing reduces labor costs and shortens sowing time. Compared with manual sowing, the control of sowing depth and plant density is more precise. The same sowing amount can easily obtain a higher basic number of seedlings, and the field ventilation and light transmittance are better in the later stage, which is conducive to obtaining higher yields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between soil moisture and sowing depth in Example 1;

[0046] Figure 2 It is the 15-day seedling survival rate of the seeds in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, it should be understood that the description herein is only used to explain the present invention and is not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention, and the terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The reagents and instruments used herein are all commercially available, and the characterization means involved can refer to the relevant descriptions in the prior art, which will not be repeated herein.

[0049] In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the best embodiment.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A method for growing rice in severe saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1. Dry rough leveling: When the soil thaws from January to March, go to the field to level the land, make the soil level, and lay a standard rice pond;

[0053] Preferably, when the soil thaws 8 to 10 centimeters, the field is leveled and the area of ​​each standard rice pond is 3,500 to 4,500 square meters; more preferably, the area of ​​each standard rice pond is 4,000 square meters;

[0054] S2. Land improvement: Apply soil conditioners, organic fertilizers, and compound fertilizers to the soil;

[0055] Preferably, 5-10 tons of improver per hectare, 40-60 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare, and 500 kilograms of compound fertilizer containing no less than 15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per hectare are applied as base fertilizer;

[0056] More preferably, 6 tons of amendments are spread per hectare and 50 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare;

[0057] S3, Dry leveling: Use a rotary tiller to till the land and then use a leveling machine to level it;

[0058] Furthermore, the soil is tilled 15 to 20 centimeters with a rotary tiller and then leveled with a leveler to make the height difference of the soil no greater than 5 centimeters.

[0059] S4, irrigation: irrigation water to dissolve salts, and after drainage, the soil pH and alkalinity decrease;

[0060] S5. Sowing: Prepare germinating rice seeds in advance and sow them using drones in May and June;

[0061] Preferably, when using drones for sowing, 130-160 kg of germinated rice seeds are sown per hectare;

[0062] More preferably, 150 kg of germinated rice seeds are sown per hectare;

[0063] S6. Water layer management: After sowing, keep the soil water layer below 15 cm. When the rice seedlings grow to 1-2 cm, drain and re-irrigate. Repeat the drainage and re-irrigation 2-3 times.

[0064] Preferably, the drainage time is after 3 pm and the irrigation time is before 9 am;

[0065] Furthermore, after the Nth drainage, irrigation is performed N days after the drainage, for example, irrigation is performed 2 days after the second drainage, and irrigation is performed 3 days after the third drainage.

[0066] S7, weeding: spraying herbicides;

[0067] S8. Fertilization: topdressing fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer;

[0068] Preferably, 130-160 kg of Landle fertilizer is applied per hectare; more preferably, 150 kg of Landle fertilizer is applied per hectare;

[0069] S9. Late management: Carry out routine water and fertilizer management, apply rice blast prevention and treatment medicine once in July, apply anti-lodging agent once from August to October, and prevent and control pests and weeds;

[0070] Preferably, the rice blast control drug is applied in mid-July.

[0071] Further, in S5, the step of sowing with a drone includes: acquiring environmental parameters, calculating flight parameters of the drone according to the environmental parameters, and performing intelligent flight sowing according to the flight parameters of the drone.

[0072] Furthermore, the drone also includes a seed blowing device, and the seeds are accelerated by the blowing device and then blown to the ground.

[0073] Specifically, the environmental parameters include soil moisture, soil hardness, wind direction, and wind speed; the UAV flight parameters include flight altitude, flight speed, initial seed velocity, sowing speed, sowing depth, and flight direction.

[0074] Furthermore, the calculation process of the UAV flight parameters includes:

[0075] Determine the sowing depth based on soil moisture.

[0076] y=k 1 x 2 +k 2 xk 3

[0077] Where y is the sowing depth in cm; x is the soil moisture in weight percentage; k 1 , k 2 , k 3 is the sowing depth coefficient;

[0078] Determine the flight height and sowing speed according to the flight speed.

[0079] H=l 1 V 1 2 -l 2 V 1 -l 3

[0080] V 2 =m 1 H 2 +m 2 H+m 3

[0081] Where V 1is the flight speed, in m / s; V 2 is the sowing speed, in g / s; H is the flight height, in m; l 1 , l 2 , l 3 is the flight altitude coefficient, m 1 、m 2 、m 3 is the sowing speed coefficient;

[0082] Determine the initial seed velocity based on the sowing depth and soil hardness.

[0083]

[0084] Where V 0 is the initial velocity of the seed, in m / s; h is the hardness of the soil, expressed as acceleration, in m / s 2 ; g is the local gravitational acceleration, in m / s 2 ;

[0085] Furthermore, the soil moisture is 60% to 100%, the sowing depth is 1 to 2 cm, the flying speed is 3.0 to 6.0 m / s, the flying height is 0.4 to 3.0 m, and the sowing speed is 3 to 15 g / s.

[0086] Furthermore, when the minimum angle between the wind direction and the straight line in which the drone's flight direction is located is greater than 45° or the wind speed is greater than 4.5m / s, the drone's flight altitude shall not exceed 2m.

[0087] By controlling the flight altitude and speed of the drone, the spacing and density of rice plants can be adjusted to ensure that the planting density is properly arranged. If the planting density is too high, it will affect the growth of rice, resulting in poor rice growth and reduced yields; if the planting density is too low, the land cannot be fully utilized, and fertilizers and pesticides will be wasted. Therefore, designing the flight parameters of the drone in combination with the soil conditions of severe saline-alkali land can maximize the use of soil resources, ensure the basic conditions for rice survival and growth, and achieve energy-saving effects.

[0088] Combined with the above conditions, through actual testing, environmental parameters and UAV flight parameters were recorded, scatter plots were drawn and fitted, and sowing depth-soil moisture, flight altitude-flight speed, sowing speed-flight altitude, seed initial velocity-soil hardness curves were made. The sowing depth coefficient k was obtained by calculation. 1 , k 2 , k 3 , flight altitude coefficient l 1 , l 2 , l 3 , sowing speed coefficient m 1 、m 2 、m3 The preferred range of .

[0089] Preferably, the sowing depth coefficient k 1 The value range is [-7.5, -8.2], k 2 The value range is [9.5, 10.0], k 3 The value range is [1.0,1.2]; the flight altitude coefficient l 1 The value range is [0,0.15], l 2 The value range is [0,0.05], l 3 The value range is [0.35,0.50]; the sowing speed coefficient m 1 The value range is [0.30, 0.45], m 2 The value range is [3.35,3.50], m 3 The value range is [1.35,1.45]. The sowing depth coefficient k 1 , k 2 , k 3 , flight altitude coefficient l 1 , l 2 , l 3 , sowing speed coefficient m 1 、m 2 、m 3 The preferred range is not unique and can be appropriately adjusted according to different soil environments.

[0090] After sowing according to the above preferred range, the relationship between soil moisture and sowing depth is as follows: Figure 1 The 15-day seedling survival rate of seeds is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0091] from Figure 1 It can be seen that through the method of planting rice provided by the present invention, the sowing depth can be accurately controlled in combination with soil moisture under the harsh conditions of severe saline-alkali land, which greatly improves the survival rate of seeds and achieves a 15-day seedling survival rate of more than 85%.

[0092] Experimental Group 1

[0093] Planting rice according to the method described in Example 1 includes the following steps: S1, rough dry leveling, S2, land improvement, S3, fine dry leveling, S4, irrigation, S5, sowing, S6, water layer management, S7, weeding, S8, fertilization, and S9, post-management.

[0094] The rotary tillage depth in S3 is 15 cm, the soil moisture is 80%, the sowing depth is 1.8 cm, the flying speed is 5 m / s, the flying height is 2 m, and the sowing speed is 10 g / s.

[0095] Experimental Group 2

[0096] The experiment was basically the same as that of the experimental group 1, except that the rotary tillage depth in S3 was 20 cm, the soil moisture was 90%, the sowing depth was 1.5 cm, the flying speed was 4 m / s, the flying height was 1 m, and the sowing speed was 5 g / s.

[0097] Experimental Group 3

[0098] It is basically the same as the experimental group 1, except that the soil moisture is 60%, the sowing depth is 2 cm, the flying speed is 6 m / s, the flying height is 3 m, and the sowing speed is 15 g / s.

[0099] Comparative Example 1

[0100] It is basically the same as the experimental group 1, except that the rotary tillage depth in S3 is 30 cm.

[0101] Comparative Example 2

[0102] It is basically the same as the experimental group 2, except that the S3 is changed to water harrowing.

[0103] Comparative Example 3

[0104] It is basically the same as the experimental group 1, except that the UAV intelligent flight method described in Example 1 is not used for sowing, and only the ordinary UAV sowing method is used, with sowing at a flight speed of 4m / s and a flight altitude of 1.5m.

[0105] Implementation effect:

[0106] 1. 15-day seedling survival rate and yield

[0107] Table 1

[0108]

[0109] Combining Table 1 with field observations after planting, experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 with shallow rotary tillage depths had thick and uniform seedlings and a high seedling survival rate 15 days after sowing, while comparative example 1 with a deeper rotary tillage depth and comparative example 2 using the water harrowing method to treat the land had few seedlings, uneven seedlings, and missing seedlings 15 days after sowing, and the seedling color was also lighter, and the seedling survival rate was far lower than that of experimental groups 1 and 2. This shows that the depth of tillage has a great influence on seedling emergence, and it can be seen that the planting method without deep tillage provided by the present invention has a good improvement effect on rice planting in severe saline-alkali land.

[0110] On the basis of Experimental Group 1 and in combination with Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the UAV intelligent flight method provided by the present invention can further improve the survival rate, yield, and thousand-grain weight of rice through precise sowing in combination with actual soil conditions.

[0111] In summary, the planting method provided by the present invention can effectively ensure the survival rate of rice after planting in severe saline-alkali land, and increase the yield of rice in severe saline-alkali land.

[0112] 2. Seeding efficiency and cost

[0113] Table 2

[0114]

[0115] As can be seen from Table 2, the planting method provided by the present invention improves the sowing efficiency of rice planting and saves the cost of rice planting.

[0116] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing rice in severe saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Dry rough leveling: When the soil thaws from January to March, go to the field to level the land, make the soil level, and lay a standard rice pond; S2. Land improvement: Apply soil conditioners, organic fertilizers, and compound fertilizers; S3, Dry leveling: Use a rotary tiller to till the land and then use a leveling machine to level it; S4, irrigation: irrigation water to dissolve salts, and after drainage, the soil pH and alkalinity decrease; S5. Sowing: Prepare germinating rice seeds in advance and sow them using drones in May and June; S6. Water layer management: After sowing, keep the soil water layer below 15 cm. When the rice seedlings grow to 1-2 cm, drain and re-irrigate. Repeat the drainage and re-irrigation 2-3 times. S7, weeding: spraying herbicides; S8. Fertilization: topdressing fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer; S9. Late management: Carry out routine water and fertilizer management, apply rice blast prevention and treatment medicine once in July, apply anti-lodging agent once from August to October, and prevent and control pests and weeds; In said S5, The calculation process of the UAV flight parameters includes: (a) Determine the sowing depth according to soil moisture, y=k1x 2 +k2x-k3 Where y is the sowing depth in cm; x is the soil moisture in weight percentage; k1, k2, k3 are the sowing depth coefficients; (b) Determine the flight altitude and sowing speed according to the flight speed, <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">H=l1V1<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 2 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> -l2V1-l3 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">V2 = m1H<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 2 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +m2H+m3 Wherein, V1 is the flight speed, in m / s; V2 is the sowing speed, in g / s; H is the flight height, in m; l1, l2, l3 are the flight height coefficients, m1, m2, m3 are the sowing speed coefficients; (c) Determine the initial seed velocity based on the sowing depth and soil hardness. Where V0 is the initial velocity of the seed, in m / s; h is the hardness of the soil, expressed as acceleration, in m / s 2 ; g is the local gravitational acceleration, in m / s 2 ; Through actual tests, environmental parameters and UAV flight parameters were recorded, scatter plots were drawn and fitted, and sowing depth-soil moisture, flight altitude-flight speed, sowing speed-flight altitude, seed initial velocity-soil hardness curves were made. The optimal ranges of sowing depth coefficients k1, k2, k3, flight altitude coefficients l1, l2, l3, and sowing speed coefficients m1, m2, m3 were obtained by calculation. Among them, the sowing depth coefficient k1 ranges from [-7.5, -8 .2], k2 ranges from [9.5, 10.0], and k3 ranges from [1.0, 1.2]; the flight altitude coefficient l1 ranges from [0, 0.15], l2 ranges from [0, 0.05], and l3 ranges from [0.35, 0.50]; the seeding speed coefficient m1 ranges from [0.30, 0.45], m2 ranges from [3.35, 3.50], and m3 ranges from [1.35, 1.45].

2. The method for growing rice in severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, after the Nth drainage, irrigation is performed again after an interval of N days, where N is a natural number of 1 to 3.

3. The method for growing rice in severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drone also includes a seed blowing device, and the seeds are accelerated by the blowing device and then blown to the ground.

4. The method for growing rice in severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein in S5, The rotary tillage depth is 15 cm, the soil moisture is 80%, the sowing depth is 1.8 cm, the flight speed is 5 m / s, the flight height is 2 m, and the sowing speed is 10 g / s; Or, the rotary tillage depth is 20 cm, the soil moisture is 90%, the sowing depth is 1.5 cm, the flight speed is 4 m / s, the flight height is 1 m, and the sowing speed is 5 g / s; Or, the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm, the soil moisture is 60%, the sowing depth is 2 cm, the flying speed is 6 m / s, the flying height is 3 m, and the sowing speed is 15 g / s.

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