A forepoling and roof falling integrated machine and a tunneling method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of advanced protection prevents piece and empty roofless excavation anchor integrated machine and excavation method, and excavation anchor integrated machine includes excavator, supporting frame, advance drill, side anchor rod machine, roof anchor rod machine, supporting frame is along the layout of roadway, including strike beam, column, crossbeam, strike beam is two, located at the both sides of roadway top, it is arranged in parallel along the roadway, column is located at the both sides of roadway, top is vertically connected with strike beam bottom surface, multiple crossbeams are connected with two strike beams from top, and the upper portion of excavator is provided with sliding mechanism, and part of column on the both sides of supporting frame is fixedly connected with sliding mechanism. Multiple advance drills are installed on the front end surface of supporting frame. Side anchor rod machine is located between the two columns on the left and right sides of supporting frame, and roof anchor rod machine is located on the top of supporting frame between the two crossbeams. The application is pre-grooved, and the disturbance to cutting coal body is small, and the excavation and support are realized simultaneously, so that the excavator can always work in a safe environment for fast excavation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining and supporting, in particular to an advanced protection anti-sidewall no-empty roof excavating and anchoring integrated machine and an excavating method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of China's economy, the mechanization and automation degree of coal industry is getting higher and higher, and the comprehensive mechanized coal mining equipment is widely used in coal production under various geological conditions. In the process of tunneling, the quality of the tunneling machine itself has been greatly improved, especially large-scale excavating and anchoring integrated machines have been widely used in various mining areas. However, in the actual application environment, the excavating and anchoring integrated machine can only be applied to simple mine tunneling, and it is difficult to fully exert the equipment efficiency when encountering weak rock roadway affected by strong mining. Tunneling is a complex process of alternating processes, which consists of three processes of rock breaking, loading and supporting. In order to realize the rapid and efficient tunneling construction, each process should be efficiently connected, but the fast tunneling equipment for complex geological conditions is not complete, the main reason is that the weak roof after cutting needs to be supported in time to avoid collapse, especially in the process of tunneling affected by strong mining, the allowed empty roof distance of tunneling operation is small, and the current anchor supporting equipment is simple, low in automation level and low in efficiency. The relative position of the excavating device and the anchor supporting device of the existing various excavating and anchoring machines is fixed, and there is mutual interference between the two in the specific excavating process, thereby affecting the normal tunneling engineering. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide an advanced protection anti-sidewall no-empty roof excavating and anchoring integrated machine and an excavating method, which can use the advanced drilling rod to densely support the roof and two sides of the roadway periphery contour, realize the weakening of cutting disturbance, control the deformation of surrounding rock in the process of excavating, and prevent the phenomenon of sidewall and roof subsidence due to untimely support in the roadway.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the application discloses a kind of advanced protection prevents piece help empty roof drilling anchor integrated machine in one aspect, including heading machine, supporting frame, advance drill, help anchor rod machine and roof anchor rod machine, the supporting frame is along the direction of roadway arrangement, including strike beam, column, crossbeam, the strike beam is two, located at the top of roadway both sides, along the direction of roadway parallel arrangement, the column is located at both sides of roadway, same number on each side, the column bottom is contacted with ground by slide shoe, top is vertically connected with the bottom surface of strike beam, multiple crossbeams are connected from top two strike beams, wherein, telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in the column, for adjusting the height of supporting frame, telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in the crossbeam, for adjusting the width of supporting frame;Sliding mechanism is arranged on the body of heading machine, and part of the column on both sides of the supporting frame is fixedly connected with the sliding mechanism;The supporting frame is driven by the sliding mechanism and moves back and forth along the direction of roadway;Multiple advance drills are installed on the front end face of the supporting frame;The help anchor rod machine is located between the two columns on the left and right sides of the supporting frame and is installed on one of the columns by a rotary telescopic mechanism;The roof anchor rod machine is located on the top of the supporting frame between the two crossbeams and is installed on one of the crossbeams by a rotary telescopic mechanism;Anchor cable drill is arranged at the rear end of the heading machine.

[0005] Further, the body of the heading machine is located inside the supporting frame.

[0006] Further, two help anchor rod machines are arranged on both sides of the supporting frame along the direction of roadway;Two roof anchor rod machines are arranged on the top of the supporting frame along the direction of roadway.

[0007] Further, the sliding mechanism includes a support plate, a sliding oil cylinder and a connecting rod, the body of the heading machine is provided with a sliding rail in the heading direction, the support plate is located above the sliding rail and is slidably connected with the sliding rail, one end of the sliding oil cylinder is fixed on the body, and the other end is fixedly connected with the rear end of the support plate to provide power for the sliding of the support plate, the connecting rod is located on both sides of the support plate, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with one side of the support plate, and the other end is fixedly connected with the inner side of the column.

[0008] On the other hand, the application further discloses an advanced protection method for preventing piece help empty roof drilling, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1, start the advance drill, drill into two cycle depths in the left side, right side and upper part of the coal body, then withdraw, and the drill rod stays in the coal body, forming a rectangular advance drilling area around the coal body to be cut;

[0010] S2, the heading machine is started, the cutting drum is used to cut the coal body to be cut, a cutting depth is equal to a heading cycle footage, after cutting is completed, the heading machine body is not moved, the cutting drum is retreated to the inside of the support frame;

[0011] S3, the sliding mechanism on the heading machine pushes the support frame 3 to advance by a cycle depth;

[0012] S4, the support frame is radially retracted to the inside of the roadway to form a certain gap with the left side, the right side and the top coal wall, after the mesh is inserted into the gap, the support frame is radially supported and reset to the outside;

[0013] S5, the side anchor rod machine and the top anchor rod machine are constructed according to the support parameters, the mesh is fixed, and the anchor cable drilling machine is constructed according to the support parameters on the top coal wall behind the support frame;

[0014] S6, after a round of steps S2-S5 is completed again, the advance drilling machine performs the next cycle of advance drilling.

[0015] Further, in step S1, the geological drilling rod with a diameter of 42mm is preferably used.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are that, compared with the prior art,

[0017] (1) the present application has little disturbance to the surrounding rock during formal cutting by pre-slotted way, and ensures the strength of the rock mass;

[0018] (2) the heading way of the present application can realize excavation and support at the same time, integrates excavation and support, accurately excavates the profile of the roadway, and well controls the shaping;

[0019] (3) the advance drilling machine drilling rod penetrates into the front coal body, uses the uncut coal body as a fulcrum, uses the strength of the drilling rod itself and the strength of the coal body as support to provide lateral constraint to the advance profile surrounding rock mass, and prevents rib spalling and roof falling;

[0020] (4) the advance drilling area formed by the advance drilling machine drilling rod can weaken the connection between the middle coal body and the surrounding rock, thereby reducing the disturbance and damage of the heading machine drum cutting vibration to the surrounding rock, realizing the stripping of the middle coal body and the surrounding rock, and achieving the purpose of protecting the surrounding rock of the roadway;

[0021] (5) the lateral constraint compensation of the surrounding rock of the roadway can be realized in time, the heading operation without empty roof distance is realized, the rib spalling and roof subsidence of the roadway due to untimely support is prevented, the disturbance and damage influence of the middle cutting rock breaking on the reserved surrounding rock mass is isolated, and the large piece of rib falling of the heading front coal rock mass is prevented, thereby ensuring the safe and efficient heading of the roadway;

[0022] (6) the excavation and support at the same time can realize the heading operation without empty roof distance of the roadway, ensures the operation safety of the construction personnel, and provides a strong equipment and technical foundation for the rapid heading of the strong dynamic pressure roadway. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tunneling and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the advanced drilling process of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Sectional view in the middle II direction;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding mechanism;

[0027] In the diagram, 1-tunneling machine, 100-body, 2-support frame, 21-traverse beam, 22-column, 23-crossbeam, 3-advance drilling rig, 4-drill rod, 5-side bolting machine, 6-top bolting machine, 7-rotational telescopic mechanism, 8-sliding mechanism, 81-support plate, 82-sliding cylinder, 83-connecting rod, 9-anchor cable drilling rig, 10-cutting drum, 11-mesh, a-surrounding rock, b-advance drilling area, c-coal body to be cut. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, an advanced protective anti-slab and anti-cavitation integrated tunneling and anchoring machine includes a tunneling machine 1, a support frame 2, an advanced drilling rig 3, a slab anchoring machine 5, and a roof anchoring machine 6. The support frame 2 is arranged along the tunnel direction and includes a directional beam 21, columns 22, and crossbeams 23. There are two directional beams 21 located on both sides of the tunnel top, arranged parallel to the tunnel direction. The columns 22 are located on both sides of the tunnel, with the same number on each side and the same distance between adjacent columns 22. The bottom of the columns 22 contacts the ground through slippers, allowing the entire support frame 2 to move easily. The top is perpendicularly connected to the bottom surface of the directional beams 21, and multiple crossbeams 23 connect the two directional beams 21 from the top. The entire support frame 2 has a frame structure on the left, right, and top sides, but no frame at the bottom, and is open at the front and back. Telescopic hydraulic cylinders are installed inside the columns 22 to adjust the height of the support frame 2, and telescopic hydraulic cylinders are installed inside the crossbeam 23 to adjust the width of the support frame 2. These adjustments allow the entire support frame 2 to retract inwards and extend to its original position. The tunneling machine 1 is located inside the support frame 2 and is protected by it during tunneling operations. The tunneling machine 1 is equipped with a sliding mechanism 8, specifically located on the upper part of the machine body above the tracked walking mechanism. Some of the columns 22 on both sides of the support frame 2 are fixedly connected to the sliding mechanism 8, allowing the support frame 2 to move back and forth along the tunnel direction under the influence of the sliding mechanism 8. Multiple advanced drilling rigs 3 are installed on the front face of the support frame 2. Specifically, the dimensions of the foremost column 22 and crossbeam are larger than those of other similar rigs to ensure stable fixation of the advanced drilling rigs 3. Five to eight advanced drilling rigs are installed on each column 22, and another five to eight advanced drilling rigs 3 are installed on the crossbeam 23. The advanced drilling rigs 3 are used to drive drill rods 4 into the coal seam. Figure 2 As shown, the working face is the coal body c to be cut. Multiple drill rods 4 are driven into the outer periphery of the coal body c using an advanced drilling rig, forming an advanced drilling zone b. This advanced drilling zone b weakens the connection between the central coal body and the surrounding rock a, thereby reducing the disturbance and damage to the surrounding rock a caused by the cutting vibration of the cutting drum 10. This achieves the separation of the coal body c from the surrounding rock a, thus protecting the surrounding rock a of the roadway. An anchor cable drilling rig 9 is installed at the rear end of the tunneling machine 1 for reinforcing the roof of the roadway.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the side anchor bolt machine 5 is located between two columns 22 on the left and right sides of the support frame 2, and is installed on one of the columns 22 via a rotating telescopic mechanism 7; the top anchor bolt machine 6 is located at the top of the support frame 2, between two crossbeams 23, and is installed on one of the crossbeams 22 via a rotating telescopic mechanism 7. This forms a comprehensive drilling and reinforcement system for the left and right sides and the roof of the roadway.

[0031] In order to improve the efficiency of reinforcement operation, two anchor rod machines 5 are arranged on both sides of the support frame 2 along the tunnel direction; two top anchor rod machines 6 are arranged on the top of the support frame 2 along the tunnel direction.

[0032] As shown in Figure 4 The sliding mechanism 8 includes a support plate 81, a sliding oil cylinder 82 and a connecting rod 83. The machine body 100 of the heading machine 1 is provided with a sliding rail in the heading direction. The support plate 81 is located above the sliding rail and is in sliding connection with the sliding rail. The sliding rail is a long strip-shaped steel plate welded on both sides of the machine body 100. The two ends of the support plate are downwardly curled to wrap the sliding rail, thereby forming a sliding relationship. The sliding oil cylinder 82 is provided with two ends, one end of which is fixed on the machine body 100 and the other end is fixedly connected with the rear end of the support plate 81 to provide power for the sliding of the support plate 81. The connecting rod 83 is located on both sides of the support plate 81. One end of the connecting rod 83 is fixedly connected with one side of the support plate 81 and the other end is fixedly connected with the inner side of the stand column 22, thereby driving the whole support frame 2 to move forward and backward.

[0033] On the other hand, the application also discloses a method for advancing protection and preventing rib spalling and empty roof heading, which comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step S1, starting the advance drilling machine 3, drilling to two cycle depths in the left side, right side and upper direction of the coal body to be cut c, and then withdrawing, the drill rod 4 stays in the coal body, forming a rectangular advance drilling area b around the coal body to be cut c. The drill rod 4 of the advance drilling machine 3 penetrates into the front coal body, uses the uncut coal body as a fulcrum, uses the strength of the drill rod 4 itself and the strength of the coal body as support to provide lateral constraint for the advance external contour surrounding rock mass, prevents rib spalling and roof falling, and can play a role of advance protection. The drill rod 4 is preferably a geological drill rod with a diameter of 42 mm to strengthen the support force of protection.

[0035] Step S2, starting the heading machine 1, cutting the coal body to be cut c by the cutting drum 10, the cutting depth is equal to one heading cycle footage, i.e. one cycle depth, after cutting, the machine body of the heading machine 1 does not move, and the cutting drum 10 retreats to the inside of the support frame 2 to protect the cutting drum 10.

[0036] Step S3, the sliding mechanism 7 on the heading machine 1 pushes the support frame 2 to advance one cycle depth, timely supports the empty roof and two sides to prevent damage to personnel and equipment.

[0037] Step S4, the support frame 2 is radially retracted into the tunnel to form a certain gap between the left side, right side and top coal wall, the mesh 11 is inserted into the gap, and then the support frame 2 is radially supported and reset outward. Through the small retraction of the support frame 2, the mesh 11 is installed, thereby improving the flexibility of the installation operation, and then through the small expansion, the mesh 11 is timely pressed on the two sides and the roof.

[0038] Step S5, the roof bolter 6 and the anchor rod machine 5 construct according to the support parameters, fix the mesh 11, and the anchor cable drill 9 constructs the top coal wall behind the support frame 2 according to the support parameters. The two rows of roof anchor rod machines 5 and the two rows of roof anchor rod drills 6 drill the rod, fix the mesh and reinforce the rock mass in time, so as to realize the safe construction of the heading machine 1 in the environment of no empty roof and preventing spalling.

[0039] Step S6, after the steps S2-S5 are completed again, the advance drill 3 performs the next cycle of advance drilling.

[0040] In the embodiment, the advance drill 3 drills two cycle depths at a time, the cutting drum cuts one cycle depth of coal, the support frame 2 is pushed forward for timely support, and then one cycle depth of cutting is performed again under the condition of no empty roof, and then the support frame 2 is pushed forward by one cycle depth, at which time the advance support function of the drill rod is ended, so that the next cycle needs to be entered, that is, the step S1 is performed again, and the advance drill 3 drills two cycle depths of drill rods. The heading operation mode of excavation and support at the same time has great technical advantages compared with the previous heading operation, which can realize accurate excavation, good roadway shaping control, timely follow-up support operation in the process of heading, make the heading work always in a safe environment for rapid heading, ensure the operation safety of the construction personnel, and provide a strong technical foundation for rapid heading in a strong dynamic pressure roadway.

[0041] The embodiments of the application are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the application is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the application, which are all within the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A method for advancing support and preventing rib spalling and empty roof driving, characterized in that, The application discloses an advanced protection and slice prevention and empty roof driving method based on an advanced protection and slice prevention and empty roof driving and anchoring integrated machine. The method comprises the following steps: S1, starting the advanced drill (3), drilling to two cycle depths in the left side, right side and upper part of the coal body (c) to be cut, and then withdrawing, with the drill rod (4) remaining in the coal body, so as to form a rectangular advanced drilling area (b) around the coal body (c) to be cut; the strength of the drill rod and the strength of the coal body are used as the lateral constraint of the advanced support of the external contour surrounding rock, so as to prevent slice and roof fall; S2, starting the driving machine (1), cutting the coal body (c) to be cut by the cutting drum (10), with the cutting depth being equal to one driving cycle footage, after the cutting is completed, the driving machine (1) is not moved, and the cutting drum (10) is retreated to the inside of the supporting frame (2); S3, the sliding mechanism (8) on the driving machine (1) pushes the supporting frame (2) to advance by one cycle depth; S4, the supporting frame (2) is radially retracted to the inside of the roadway to form a certain gap between the left side, right side and top coal wall, the mesh (11) is inserted into the gap, and then the supporting frame (2) is radially supported and reset outwardly; S5, the slice anchor rod machine (5) and the roof anchor rod machine (6) are constructed according to the supporting parameters, the mesh (11) is fixed, and the anchor cable drill (9) is constructed according to the supporting parameters on the top coal wall behind the supporting frame (2). S6, after completing a round of steps S2-S5, the advance drill rig (3) performs the next cycle of advance drilling.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The machine body of the heading machine (1) is located inside the support frame (2).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, Two side anchor rod machines (5) are arranged along the tunnel direction on both sides of the support frame (2); two top anchor rod machines (6) are arranged along the tunnel direction on the top of the support frame (2).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The sliding mechanism (8) comprises a support plate (81), a sliding oil cylinder (82) and a connecting rod (83). The machine body (100) of the heading machine (1) is provided with a sliding rail in the heading direction. The support plate (81) is located above the sliding rail and is in sliding connection with the sliding rail. One end of the sliding oil cylinder (82) is fixed on the machine body (100), and the other end is fixedly connected with the rear end of the support plate (81) to provide power for the sliding of the support plate (81). The connecting rod (83) is located on both sides of the support plate (81). One end of the connecting rod (83) is fixedly connected with one side of the support plate (81), and the other end is fixedly connected with the inner side of the stand column (22).

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step S1, the drill rod (4) is selected as a geological drill rod with a diameter of 42 mm.

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