Flame tube of combustion chamber, combustion chamber and gas turbine

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and provides a flame tube of a combustion chamber, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine, comprising a first body, wherein the air inlet end of the first body comprises a plurality of air inlet channels, and the air inlet channels are used to introduce a main airflow; a mixing channel is arranged in the air inlet channel, and the mixing channel is used to introduce a combustion-supporting gas into the air inlet channel, so that the combustion-supporting gas is mixed with the main airflow; a vortex generator is arranged in the air inlet channel, and the cross-section of the vortex generator gradually increases along the flow direction of the main airflow. The main airflow is mixed with the combustion-supporting gas in the process of passing through the air inlet channel, and when the main airflow passes through the vortex generator, at least a first vortex along the flow direction of the main airflow and a second vortex deviating from the flow direction of the main airflow are formed, and the first vortex and the second vortex formed by the main airflow through the vortex generator can significantly reduce the flow velocity of the main airflow, thereby enhancing the mixing of the combustion-supporting gas and the main airflow, improving the distribution uniformity of the combustion-supporting air in the main airflow, and reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides in micro-mixed combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular to a flame tube of a combustion chamber, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine. Background Art

[0002] A gas turbine is mainly composed of three major components: a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine. Its working principle is that the air entering the gas turbine is compressed by the compressor, mixed with fuel and burned in the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas at the combustion chamber outlet enters the turbine to drive the turbine to do work. The temperature and pressure of the gas decrease step by step between each stage of the turbine's static blades and moving blades, converting part of the gas's thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the compressor to rotate, and the other part of the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy for power or power generation.

[0003] At present, the micro-mixed combustion mode is often used in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, that is, while the main airflow is introduced into the flame tube, the combustion-supporting gas is passed through the microchannel to form an air jet and mixed into the main airflow for mixing. However, since the combustion-supporting gas is difficult to diffuse quickly, the mixing quality with the main airflow is poor, which in turn causes the local equivalence ratio in the flame to be high and local hot spots to appear. Therefore, the emission reduction degree of the mixed combustion of the main airflow and the combustion-supporting gas is limited. Especially when the gas turbine is running as a whole, the emission level is difficult to reduce to the level of the premixed combustion organization mode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a flame tube of a combustion chamber, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine, which are used to solve the problem in the prior art that the combustion-supporting gas is difficult to diffuse quickly, resulting in poor mixing quality with the main airflow, and further causing a high local equivalence ratio in the flame and the appearance of local hot spots, thereby improving the uniformity of the distribution of the combustion-supporting air in the main airflow.

[0005] The present invention provides a flame tube of a combustion chamber, comprising:

[0006] A first body, wherein an air inlet end of the first body comprises a plurality of air inlet channels, wherein the air inlet channels are used to introduce a main airflow;

[0007] a gas mixing channel, disposed in the air inlet channel, for introducing a combustion-supporting gas into the air inlet channel to mix the combustion-supporting gas with the main airflow;

[0008] A vortex generator is arranged in the air intake channel, and the cross-section of the vortex generator gradually increases along the flow direction of the main airflow, so that when the main airflow passes through the vortex generator, at least a first vortex along the flow direction of the main airflow and a second vortex deviating from the flow direction of the main airflow are formed.

[0009] According to a flame tube of a combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the vortex generator includes at least a first side surface intersecting with the air intake channel, and the combustion-supporting gas flows toward the first side surface, so that the combustion-supporting gas forms a third vortex along the flow direction of the combustion-supporting gas when passing through the first side surface.

[0010] According to a flame tube of a combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the vortex generator also includes a second side surface intersecting with the air intake channel, the first side surface intersecting with the second side surface, the number of the mixing channels is at least two, the combustion-supporting gas introduced by one of the mixing channels flows toward the first side surface, and the combustion-supporting gas introduced by the other mixing channel flows toward the second side surface.

[0011] According to a flame tube of a combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the air intake passage is hexagonal, and the vortex generator is arranged on any inner side surface of the air intake passage.

[0012] According to the flame tube of a combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the number of the gas mixing channels is one or more.

[0013] According to the flame tube of a combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the first body is made of high-temperature resistant material.

[0014] The present invention also provides a combustion chamber, comprising:

[0015] Second ontology;

[0016] In the flame tube of the combustion chamber, the first body is arranged inside the second body.

[0017] According to a combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the first body divides the interior of the second body into a first air guide channel and a second air guide channel, and the main airflow is introduced from the air inlet end of the second body and is diverted through the first air guide channel, the first body and the second air guide channel.

[0018] According to a combustion chamber provided by the present invention, a diffuser is provided at the air inlet end of the second body.

[0019] The present invention also provides a gas turbine comprising the above-mentioned combustion chamber.

[0020] The present invention provides a flame tube of a combustion chamber, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine, wherein a main airflow is introduced into a second body, and the main airflow is introduced into a first body through multiple air intake channels. In the process of the main airflow passing through the air intake channel, the mixing channel introduces combustion-supporting gas into the air intake channel, so that the combustion-supporting gas and the main airflow are mixed. A vortex generator is arranged in the air intake channel, and the cross-section of the vortex generator gradually increases along the flow direction of the main airflow, so that when the main airflow passes through the vortex generator, at least a first vortex along the flow direction of the main airflow and a second vortex deviating from the flow direction of the main airflow are formed. The first vortex and the second vortex formed by the vortex generator can significantly reduce the flow velocity of the main airflow by cooperating with each other, thereby enhancing the mixing of the combustion-supporting gas and the main airflow, improving the distribution uniformity of the combustion-supporting air in the main airflow, preventing the occurrence of local hot spots, and thereby reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides from micro-mixed combustion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the air inlet end of the flame tube provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view in the middle BB direction;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a front view of the air intake passage provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a side view of the air intake passage provided by the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 1: First body; 101: First vortex; 102: Second vortex; 103: Third vortex; 2: Inlet channel; 3: Mixing channel; 4: Vortex generator; 401: First side; 402: Second side; 5: Second body; 6: First air guide channel; 7: Second air guide channel; 8: Diffuser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, electrical connections; and direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "first aspect embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0033] In the related art, a micro-mixed combustion mode is often used in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, that is, while the main airflow is introduced into the flame tube, a microchannel is used to flow through the combustion-supporting gas to form an air jet and mix it into the main airflow for mixing. However, since the main airflow flows into the flame tube at high speed in the form of a jet, the combustion-supporting gas cannot be fully mixed with the main airflow after it is introduced, and it is difficult to quickly diffuse into the main airflow, resulting in poor mixing quality with the main airflow, and then causing a high local equivalence ratio in the flame and the appearance of local hot spots. Therefore, the degree of emission reduction of the mixed combustion of the main airflow and the combustion-supporting gas is limited, especially when the gas turbine is running as a whole, the emission level is difficult to reduce to the level of the premixed combustion organization mode. Based on this, the present invention provides a flame tube of a combustion chamber, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine of the present invention to solve the above technical problems.

[0034] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 5 The flame liner of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber and the gas turbine of the present invention are described.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a flame tube of a combustion chamber, including a first body 1, the first body 1 is the flame tube body, the main airflow, combustion-supporting gas and fuel can burn in the flame tube body, the air inlet end of the first body 1 includes a plurality of air inlet channels 2, the air inlet channels 2 can be a microporous structure, the main airflow can enter the interior of the first body 1 through the plurality of air inlet channels 2, the mixing channels 3 are arranged in the air inlet channels 2, and the number thereof is one or more, and is used to introduce combustion-supporting gas into the air inlet channels 2, and the combustion-supporting gas is introduced into the air inlet channels 2 through the mixing channels 3, so that the combustion-supporting gas can be mixed with the main airflow in the form of a jet; a vortex generator 4 is also provided in the air inlet channel 2, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the cross-section of the vortex generator 4 gradually increases along the flow direction of the main airflow, so that the vortex generator 4 has a wedge-shaped structure. When the main airflow flows through the air intake channel 2, it will pass through the inclined surface above the wedge-shaped structure, so that when the main airflow passes through the vortex generator 4, it can at least form a first vortex 101 along the flow direction of the main airflow and a second vortex 102 that deviates from the flow direction of the main airflow, thereby forming a blockage to the main airflow. Therefore, the first vortex 101 and the second vortex 102 generated by the vortex generator 4 can significantly reduce the flow velocity of the main airflow, so that the combustion-supporting gas can be fully mixed with the main airflow, thereby enhancing the mixing of the combustion-supporting gas and the main airflow, improving the distribution uniformity of the combustion-supporting gas in the main airflow, preventing the occurrence of local hot spots, and thus reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides from micro-mixed combustion.

[0037] Optionally, a sealing plate may be provided at the air inlet end of the first body 1 , and a plurality of air inlet channels 2 are provided through the sealing plate. The number of the air inlet channels 2 may be hundreds or even thousands and evenly distributed on the sealing plate.

[0038] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the intake channel 2 is hexagonal, ensuring that the intake channel 2 has multiple inner side surfaces, which is convenient for arranging the vortex generator 4. The vortex generator 4 can be arranged on any inner side surface, and it is also convenient to arrange one or more mixing channels 3 on one or more side surfaces inside the intake channel 2 as needed.

[0039] Optionally, the mixing channel 3 and the vortex generator 4 can be arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the intake channel 2, thereby reducing the axial flow velocity of the front main airflow and ensuring that the combustion air at the rear end is fully mixed with the main airflow.

[0040] As an optional embodiment, the combustion-supporting gas can be hydrogen. Hydrogen has become a green fuel with great application potential due to its zero carbon emissions and high calorific value. Hydrogen has a low density, a fast combustion velocity, and a high flame temperature. When used in the flame tube of the combustor provided by the present invention, it can fully mix with the main airflow even when the main airflow velocity is significantly reduced, preventing local hot spots and ensuring that the combustion chamber's emissions level reaches the level of a premixed combustion system.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first body 1 is made of a high-temperature resistant material, and the high-temperature resistant material can be a ceramic-based composite material.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the vortex generator 4 includes at least a first side surface 401 intersecting with the air intake channel 2, and the combustion-supporting gas flows toward the first side surface 401, so that the combustion-supporting gas forms a third vortex 103 along the flow direction of the combustion-supporting gas when passing through the first side surface 401.

[0044] Specifically, the mixing channel 3 faces the first side surface 401. When the mixing channel 3 introduces the combustion-supporting gas into the air intake channel 2, the combustion-supporting gas flows toward the first side surface 401, and when passing through the first side surface 401, a third vortex 103 along the flow direction of the combustion-supporting gas can be formed. The third vortex 103, combined with the above-mentioned technical means of significantly reducing the flow rate of the main airflow, further improves the diffusion capacity of the combustion-supporting gas, ensures that the combustion-supporting gas can be fully mixed with the main airflow, and then enhances the mixing of the combustion-supporting gas and the main airflow, and improves the uniformity of the distribution of the combustion-supporting air in the main airflow.

[0045] Optionally, the main airflow flows along the axial direction of the air inlet passage 2, and forms the following when passing through the vortex generator 4: Figure 1 The first vortex 101 in the first dimension is shown in the form of Figure 5 The second vortex 102 in the second dimension is shown in the form of Figure 3As shown in the form of the second vortex 102 in the third dimension, the mixing channel 3 outputs the combustion-supporting gas toward the intake channel 2, and the combustion-supporting gas forms a third vortex 103 in the second dimension when passing through the first side surface 401. The above-mentioned vortices of the first dimension, second dimension and third dimension can simultaneously reduce the flow rate of the main airflow and the combustion-supporting gas, and improve the uniformity of the distribution of the combustion-supporting gas in the main airflow.

[0046] As an optional embodiment, the vortex generator 4 also includes a second side surface 402 intersecting with the air intake channel 2, the first side surface 401 intersects with the second side surface 402, the number of the mixing channels 3 is at least two, the combustion-supporting gas introduced by one of the mixing channels 3 flows toward the first side surface 401, and the combustion-supporting gas introduced by the other mixing channel 3 flows toward the second side surface 402.

[0047] Specifically, the vortex generator 4 can be a triangular pyramid structure, and the first side 401, the second side 402 and the bottom surface of the vortex generator 4 together constitute its triangular cross-section. When the main airflow passes through the first side 401 and the second side 402, a first vortex 101 along the flow direction of the main airflow and a second vortex 102 deviating from the flow direction of the main airflow are formed, wherein the two mixing channels 3 respectively introduce the combustion-supporting gas from the intake channel 2 and flow toward the first side 401 and the second side 402 respectively to form two third vortices 103 along the flow direction of the combustion-supporting gas.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] This embodiment also provides a combustion chamber, including a second body 5 and the flame tube of the combustion chamber provided in the above embodiment. The second body 5 is the combustion chamber body, and the first body 1 is fixed in the combustion chamber body as the flame tube body. In this way, the combustion chamber provided in this embodiment has all the advantages of the flame tube of the combustion chamber provided in the above embodiment.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first body 1 divides the interior of the second body 5 into a first air guiding channel 6 and a second air guiding channel 7. The main airflow is introduced from the air inlet end of the second body 5 and is diverted through the first air guiding channel 6, the first body 1 and the second air guiding channel 7.

[0051] Specifically, the main airflow from the upstream components of the combustion chamber enters the interior of the second body 2 and is divided into three parts: the first part enters the first air guide channel 6, the second part enters the first body 1, and the third part enters the second air guide channel 7. In order to increase the air intake of the first body 1 and reduce the head equivalence ratio, the main combustion holes and mixing holes on the inner and outer walls of the first body 1 are eliminated. In other words, in addition to the combustion air entering the air intake end of the first body 1, the remaining air volume is cooling air on the air intake end of the first body 1, the inner wall of the first body 1, and the outer wall of the first body 1. The cooling air flowing through the first air guide channel 6 and the second air guide channel 7 cools the inner and outer walls of the first body 1.

[0052] Further, refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the dotted line at the lower end represents the center line of rotation, the lower end of the first body 1 is its inner wall, and the upper end is its outer wall, the lower end of the second body 5 is its inner wall, and the upper end is its outer wall, an outer annular cavity of the combustion chamber is formed between the outer wall of the first body 1 and the outer wall of the second body 5, that is, the first air guide channel 6, and an inner annular cavity of the combustion chamber is formed between the inner wall of the first body 1 and the inner wall of the second body 5, that is, the second air guide channel 7, and the combustion gas part of the main airflow enters the first body 1 through multiple air inlet channels 2.

[0053] Optionally, a diffuser 8 is provided at the air inlet end of the second body 5 , and the diffuser 8 can reduce the velocity of the air flow introduced into the second body 5 .

[0054] The combustion chamber provided in this embodiment integrates a diffuser 8, a first air guide channel 6, a second air guide channel 7 and the flame tube of the combustion chamber provided in the above embodiment. By arranging the vortex generator 4 and the mixing channel 3 inside the air intake channel 2, the diffusion capacity of the combustion-supporting gas in the high-speed air jet can be effectively enhanced. Compared with the existing technology, the flame temperature and the emission of nitrogen oxides can be significantly reduced. At the same time, the problem of backfire of the combustion-supporting gas can be prevented, the safety of the combustion of the combustion-supporting gas and the service life of the combustion chamber can be enhanced, and carbon emissions and carbon management costs can be reduced.

[0055] Optionally, when the combustion-supporting gas is hydrogen, its combustion speed is fast and the combustion efficiency is high, which can shorten the combustion chamber length and improve the engine rotor dynamics problem.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] This embodiment further provides a gas turbine, comprising the combustion chamber provided by the above embodiment. The gas turbine provided by this embodiment has all the advantages of the combustion chamber provided by the above embodiment.

[0058] In summary, the present invention provides a flame tube, combustion chamber and gas turbine of a combustion chamber, in which a main airflow is introduced into the second body 5, and the main airflow is introduced into the first body 1 through multiple air intake channels 2. In the process of the main airflow passing through the air intake channel 2, the mixing channel 3 introduces combustion-supporting gas into the air intake channel 2, so that the combustion-supporting gas is mixed with the main airflow. A vortex generator 4 is arranged in the air intake channel 2, and the cross-section of the vortex generator 4 gradually increases along the flow direction of the main airflow, so that when the main airflow passes through the vortex generator 4, at least a first vortex 101 along the flow direction of the main airflow and a second vortex 102 deviating from the flow direction of the main airflow are formed. The cooperation of the first vortex 101 and the second vortex 102 formed by the vortex generator 4 can significantly reduce the flow velocity of the main airflow, thereby enhancing the mixing of the combustion-supporting gas and the main airflow, improving the distribution uniformity of the combustion-supporting air in the main airflow, preventing the occurrence of local hot spots, and thereby reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides from micro-mixed combustion.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame tube of a combustion chamber, characterized in that: include: A first body (1), wherein the air inlet end of the first body (1) comprises a plurality of air inlet channels (2), the air inlet channels (2) being used to introduce a main airflow; a sealing plate is provided at the air inlet end of the first body (1), the plurality of air inlet channels (2) being arranged through the sealing plate, the air inlet channels (2) being of a microporous structure and uniformly distributed on the sealing plate; the cross-sectional shape of the air inlet channels (2) is a hexagon; A gas mixing channel (3) is arranged in the air intake channel (2), and the gas mixing channel (3) is used to introduce combustion-supporting gas into the air intake channel (2) so that the combustion-supporting gas is mixed with the main airflow; one or more gas mixing channels (3) are arranged on one or more side surfaces inside the air intake channel (2); A vortex generator (4) is arranged in the air intake passage (2); the vortex generator (4) is arranged on any inner side surface of the air intake passage (2); the cross section of the vortex generator (4) gradually increases along the flow direction of the main airflow, so that when the main airflow passes through the vortex generator (4), at least a first vortex (101) along the flow direction of the main airflow and a second vortex (102) deviating from the flow direction of the main airflow are formed; The vortex generator (4) comprises at least a first side surface (401) intersecting with the air inlet passage (2), and the combustion-supporting gas flows toward the first side surface (401), so that when the combustion-supporting gas passes through the first side surface (401), a third vortex (103) is formed along the flow direction of the combustion-supporting gas.

2. The flame tube of the combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex generator (4) further comprises a second side surface (402) intersecting with the air intake passage (2); the first side surface (401) intersecting with the second side surface (402); the number of the gas mixing passages (3) is at least two; the combustion-supporting gas introduced by one of the gas mixing passages (3) flows toward the first side surface (401); and the combustion-supporting gas introduced by another of the gas mixing passages (3) flows toward the second side surface (402).

3. The flame tube of the combustion chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first body (1) is made of high temperature resistant material.

4. A combustion chamber, characterized in that: include: Second Body (5) ； The flame tube of the combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first body (1) is arranged inside the second body (5).

5. The combustion chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that The first body (1) divides the interior of the second body (5) into a first air guide channel (6) and a second air guide channel (7); the main air flow is introduced from the air inlet end of the second body (5) and is divided through the first air guide channel (6), the first body (1) and the second air guide channel (7).

6. The combustion chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that A diffuser (8) is provided at the air inlet end of the second body (5).

7. A gas turbine, characterized in that: Comprising a combustion chamber as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6.

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