A unit suitable for cooling water temperature wide range variation and its control using method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchange equipment and discloses a unit suitable for wide-range changes in cooling water temperature and its control method. The unit includes a lower cylinder, an upper cylinder, a cooling water regulating valve, a hot water control valve, and an intelligent control system. The lower cylinder includes an absorber, an evaporator, a lower cylinder grid, an upper perforated plate, and a lower perforated plate. The upper cylinder includes a regenerator, a condenser, an upper cylinder grid, an upper perforated plate, and a lower perforated plate. The evaporator and absorber are arranged vertically, as are the condenser and regenerator. The upper and lower cylinders use double grids, and the openings on the upper and lower perforated plates are staggered. Refrigerant droplets achieve triple separation through gravity, perforated plate blocking, and grid separation, avoiding refrigerant contamination due to low cooling water temperature. Through the control and regulation of the cooling water regulating valve and the hot water control valve, the unit can operate stably even with a wide temperature range of 1-33℃, realizing intelligent control of the unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchange equipment. The invention relates to a unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature and its control and usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Cooling water temperature management is essential for the stable and efficient operation of lithium bromide absorption chillers. The performance and lifespan of a lithium bromide absorption chiller largely depend on the management of its cooling water temperature. The conventional cooling water inlet temperature control range for absorption chillers is 22–32℃. When the cooling water inlet temperature is low, problems such as crystallization and refrigerant contamination can easily occur. However, many power companies and chemical plants in my country are located in coastal areas, making it convenient to fully utilize seawater as the cooling medium for heat exchangers. Seawater has a large temperature variation range throughout the year; in summer, seawater temperature is generally 23–33℃, while in winter it is generally only… With temperatures ranging from 1 to 10°C, when using seawater as the cooling water for a heat exchanger, the unit needs to overcome the wide temperature variations of the cooling water. Seawater is also highly corrosive; traditional heat exchangers are typically made of carbon steel or stainless steel, which are easily corroded by seawater, causing leaks and shortening the equipment's lifespan. Currently, corrosion protection is mainly achieved by coating or lining the tube sheet and water chamber surfaces that come into contact with seawater. However, these coatings and linings are prone to aging and peeling off after prolonged immersion in seawater, leading to blockages, corrosion, and leaks, increasing maintenance costs. Titanium, due to its excellent heat transfer and corrosion resistance, has become the preferred material for seawater-cooled heat exchangers. Replacing carbon steel and stainless steel with titanium in the manufacture of seawater-cooled heat exchangers is an effective way to solve the problem of seawater corrosion. However, titanium heat exchangers are expensive. Overcoming the wide temperature variations of the cooling water and solving the corrosion problem caused by seawater has become an urgent issue to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature and its control method. By switching the cooling water flow, the unit can maintain normal circulation even within a wide temperature range of 1–33°C. Simultaneously, the evaporator and absorber are arranged vertically, as are the condenser and regenerator. The upper and lower cylinders utilize a double-grid parallel arrangement of the upper and lower cylinder grids. The openings on the upper and lower perforated plates are staggered, achieving triple separation of refrigerant droplets: some droplets fall due to gravity, some are blocked by the upper and lower perforated plates, and some are separated by the grids, preventing refrigerant contamination due to low cooling water temperature. The unit effectively prevents excessively low cooling water temperatures from affecting normal circulation, achieving low-temperature protection. An intelligent control system ensures stable operation and realizes intelligent control of the unit.

[0004] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A unit suitable for wide-range changes in cooling water temperature is characterized by comprising a lower cylinder, an upper cylinder, cooling water regulating valve A, cooling water regulating valve B, cooling water regulating valve C, hot water control valve, and an intelligent control system. The lower cylinder includes an absorber, an evaporator, a lower cylinder grid, an upper perforated plate, and a lower perforated plate. The evaporator is positioned above the absorber, with lower cylinder grids on both sides of the evaporator. The lower cylinder grids are located below the upper and lower perforated plates. The upper cylinder includes a regenerator, a condenser, an upper cylinder grid, an upper perforated plate, and a lower perforated plate. The condenser is positioned above the regenerator, with upper cylinder grids on both sides of the condenser. The upper and lower perforated plates are located below the upper cylinder grids. The evaporator is connected to a cold water inlet and a cold water outlet, with a cold water inlet temperature sensor and a cold water outlet temperature sensor installed at each. The regenerator is connected to a hot water inlet and a hot water outlet, with a hot water inlet temperature sensor and a hot water outlet temperature sensor installed at each. A hot water control valve is installed on the connecting pipe of the hot water outlet. The absorber is connected to cooling water pipes A and C. The condenser is connected to cooling water pipes B and D. Cooling water pipes A and B are connected in parallel to the cooling water inlet, and cooling water pipes C and D are connected in parallel to the cooling water outlet. Cooling water pipes A and D are connected via cooling water pipe E. Cooling water inlet and outlet are equipped with cooling water inlet temperature sensors and cooling water outlet temperature sensors, respectively. Cooling water regulating valve A is installed on cooling water pipe A, cooling water regulating valve B is installed on cooling water pipe E, cooling water regulating valve C and a condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor are installed on cooling water pipe D, and an absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor is installed on cooling water pipe C.

[0006] The unit is suitable for applications with wide variations in cooling water temperature. Cooling water from 1 to 33°C can be directly introduced into the unit. Normal circulation is achieved through the regulation of cooling water regulating valves A, B, and C, and the hot water control valve. When the cooling water inlet temperature is between 1 and 10°C, the absorber and condenser use a series cooling water flow. Cooling water regulating valves A and C are closed, and cooling water regulating valve B is opened. Cooling water enters the condenser through cooling water inlet and cooling water pipe B. Cooling water exiting the condenser... Cooling water enters the absorber via cooling water pipes D, E, and A. Cooling water exiting the absorber flows out through cooling water pipe C from the cooling water outlet. When the cooling water inlet temperature is between 10 and 33°C, the absorber and condenser operate in parallel. Cooling water regulating valves A and C are opened, while regulating valve B is closed. Cooling water enters the absorber and condenser from the cooling water inlet via cooling water pipes A and B, respectively. Cooling water exiting the absorber and condenser flows out through cooling water pipes... After converging with cooling water pipes C and D, the water flows out through the cooling water outlet. By switching the cooling water flow path, the unit can maintain normal circulation of cooling water even within a wide temperature range of 1–33℃. Simultaneously, the evaporator and absorber are arranged vertically, as are the condenser and regenerator. The lower cylinder uses a double-grid parallel arrangement of the lower cylinder's perforated plates. The openings on the upper and lower perforated plates of the lower cylinder are staggered, achieving triple separation of refrigerant droplets. Some refrigerant droplets fall due to gravity, while others are separated by the upper and lower perforated plates of the lower cylinder. The lower perforated plate blocks some of the refrigerant droplets, preventing refrigerant contamination in the lower cylinder due to low cooling water temperature. The upper cylinder uses a double-grid side-by-side arrangement, with staggered openings on the upper and lower perforated plates, achieving triple separation of refrigerant droplets. Some droplets fall due to gravity, some are blocked by the upper and lower perforated plates, and some are separated by the upper grid plate, preventing refrigerant contamination in the upper cylinder due to low cooling water temperature.

[0007] When seawater is used as the cooling medium in the absorber and condenser, it is preferable that the absorber and condenser employ a seawater-cooled heat exchanger, which includes... shell, severalThe components include heat transfer tubes, left tube sheet, right tube sheet, left water tank flange, water tank flange bushing, left water tank body, left water tank flow baffle, cooling water inlet pipe, cooling water inlet flange, cooling water outlet pipe, cooling water outlet flange, cooling water interface bushing pipe, cooling water interface bushing flange, right water tank flange, right water tank body, gaskets, and fasteners. The heat transfer tubes, water tank flange bushing, left water tank flow baffle, cooling water interface bushing pipe, and cooling water interface bushing flange are made of titanium. The left tube sheet, right tube sheet, left water tank body, and right water tank body are made of titanium and carbon steel composite plates. The left water tank flange, cooling water inlet pipe, cooling water inlet flange, cooling water outlet pipe, cooling water outlet flange, right water tank flange, and fasteners are made of carbon steel. The gaskets are made of seawater-resistant neoprene rubber gaskets. A left tube sheet and a right tube sheet are respectively installed on both sides of the shell, and several heat transfer tubes are installed inside the shell; left The left and right water tank bodies are respectively installed on the outer sides of the side and right pipe plates; the top and bottom parts of the left water tank body Do not install cooling water outlet or cooling water inlet pipes; Tube plate slots are set on the carbon steel base of the left and right tube plates. The heat transfer tubes are connected to the tube plate slots of the left and right tube plates by expansion joint process. The heat transfer tubes are fixed to the titanium composite layer of the left and right tube plates by titanium filler wire argon arc welding.

[0008] The carbon steel base of the right water tank flange and the right water tank body are fixed by ordinary welding, and the titanium composite layer of the water tank flange liner and the right water tank body are fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding. After the right water tank flange, the right water tank body, and the water tank flange liner are formed as a whole, they are sealed and fixed to the right tube sheet by sealing gaskets and fasteners. The carbon steel base of the left water tank flange and the left water tank body are fixed by ordinary welding, and the titanium composite layer of the left water tank flow baffle, the water tank flange liner, and the left water tank body are fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding. After the left water tank flange, the left water tank body, and the water tank flange liner are formed as a whole, they are sealed and fixed to the left tube sheet by sealing gaskets and fasteners. This ensures the water tank's airtightness and reduces the risk of seawater leakage.

[0009] The carbon steel base of the left water tank body is fixed to the cooling water inlet pipe and the cooling water outlet pipe by ordinary welding. The cooling water inlet pipe is connected to the cooling water inlet flange, and the cooling water outlet pipe is connected to the cooling water outlet flange. The cooling water inlet pipe, the cooling water inlet flange, the cooling water outlet pipe, and the cooling water outlet flange are lined with cooling water interface bushings and cooling water interface bushing flanges. The cooling water interface bushings and cooling water interface bushing flanges, as well as the titanium composite layer of the left water tank body, are fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding. This eliminates the contact between seawater and carbon steel, reduces the risk of seawater corrosion and leakage, and also reduces material costs.

[0010] The cooling water regulating valve A, cooling water regulating valve B, cooling water regulating valve C, hot water control valve, cold water inlet temperature sensor, cold water outlet temperature sensor, hot water inlet temperature sensor, hot water outlet temperature sensor, cooling water inlet temperature sensor, cooling water outlet temperature sensor, condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor, and absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor are all connected to the intelligent control system, which is specifically a PLC system.

[0011] The intelligent control system is connected to cooling water regulating valve A to achieve cooling water regulation and control in the absorber during a parallel cooling water flow process; connected to cooling water regulating valve C to achieve cooling water regulation and control in the condenser during a parallel cooling water flow process; connected to cooling water regulating valve B to achieve cooling water regulation and control in both the absorber and condenser during a series cooling water flow process; connected to the hot water control valve to achieve hot water regulation and control in the regenerator; connected to the cold water outlet temperature sensor to achieve low cold water outlet temperature protection control; and connected to the cooling water inlet temperature sensor to achieve regulation and control of cooling water regulating valves A, B, and C. C. Automatic switching of cooling water flow control; The intelligent control system is connected to the condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor and the absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor to enable automatic adjustment of cooling water flow through cooling water regulating valves A, B, and C to achieve optimal matching control. The unit effectively prevents the cooling water temperature from being too low and affecting the normal circulation of the unit through the control and regulation of cooling water regulating valves A, B, and C, and hot water control valves. It realizes low temperature protection and prevents the unit from being shut down due to high temperature or high pressure abnormalities caused by excessive input of heat source water. The use of intelligent control system for regulation ensures the stable operation of the unit and realizes the intelligent control of the unit.

[0012] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0013] 1. Suitable for units with wide variations in cooling water temperature. Cooling water from 1 to 33℃ can be directly introduced into the unit. Normal unit circulation is achieved by adjusting cooling water regulating valves A, B, and C, and the hot water control valve. When the cooling water inlet temperature is between 1 and 10℃, the absorber and condenser use a series cooling water flow. Cooling water regulating valves A and C are closed, and cooling water regulating valve B is opened. Cooling water enters the condenser through cooling water inlet and cooling water pipe B. Cooling water exiting the condenser flows sequentially through… Cooling water enters the absorber through cooling water pipes D, E, and A. Cooling water exiting the absorber flows out through cooling water pipe C from the cooling water outlet. When the cooling water inlet temperature is between 10 and 33°C, the absorber and condenser use a parallel cooling water flow process. Cooling water regulating valves A and C are opened, and cooling water regulating valve B is closed. Cooling water enters the absorber and condenser from the cooling water inlet through cooling water pipes A and B, respectively. Cooling water exiting the absorber and condenser flows out through cooling water pipes C and E, respectively. After the cooling water pipes converge at point D, the water flows out from the cooling water outlet. By switching the cooling water flow path, the unit can maintain normal circulation of cooling water even within a wide temperature range of 1–33℃. Simultaneously, the evaporator and absorber are arranged vertically, as are the condenser and regenerator. The lower cylinder uses a double-grid parallel arrangement, with staggered openings on the upper and lower perforated plates. This achieves triple separation of refrigerant droplets: some droplets fall due to gravity, while others are separated by the upper perforated plate and the lower cylinder... The lower perforated plate blocks some of the refrigerant droplets, separating them from the lower cylinder grid and preventing refrigerant contamination in the lower cylinder due to low cooling water temperature. The upper cylinder uses a double-grid side-by-side arrangement of the upper and lower perforated plates, with staggered openings on the upper and lower perforated plates. This achieves triple separation of refrigerant droplets: some droplets fall due to gravity, some are blocked by the upper and lower perforated plates, and some are separated by the upper cylinder grid, preventing refrigerant contamination in the upper cylinder due to low cooling water temperature.

[0014] 2. The unit effectively prevents the cooling water temperature from being too low and affecting the normal circulation of the unit through the control and regulation of cooling water regulating valve A, cooling water regulating valve B, cooling water regulating valve C, and hot water control valve. It realizes low temperature protection and prevents the unit from being shut down due to high temperature or high pressure abnormalities caused by excessive input of heat source water. The intelligent control system is used for regulation to ensure the stable operation of the unit and realize the intelligent control of the unit.

[0015] 3. For units with wide variations in cooling water temperature, when seawater is used as the cooling medium for the absorber and condenser, seawater-cooled heat exchangers are preferred. These heat exchangers use seawater directly as the cooling water. The heat transfer tubes, water tank flange liners, left-side water tank flow baffle, cooling water interface liners, and cooling water interface flanges that come into contact with seawater are made of titanium. The left-side tube sheet, right-side tube sheet, left-side water tank body, and right-side water tank body are made of titanium and carbon steel composite plates. Compared to stainless steel, titanium heat exchange tubes have better heat transfer performance and higher strength. The robust oxide layer on the titanium surface can prevent long-term corrosion from chloride ions in seawater. The heat exchanger surface is protected by titanium, which solves the problem of leakage caused by seawater corrosion. It also reduces the material cost of titanium, reduces the number of auxiliary equipment in the system, greatly simplifies the system and reduces the investment. It also reduces the maintenance cost of the heat exchanger, has a long service life and high safety performance. The tube sheet grooves are set on the carbon steel base of the left and right tube sheets. The heat transfer tubes are connected to the tube sheet grooves of the left and right tube sheets by expansion joint process. The heat transfer tubes are fixed to the titanium composite layer of the left and right tube sheets by titanium filler wire argon arc welding, which greatly reduces the risk of leakage between the heat transfer tubes and the tube sheet and improves the service life of the heat exchanger.

[0016] 4. The seawater cooling heat exchanger uses carbon steel cooling water inlet and outlet pipes lined with titanium cooling water interface rings. The internal parts are fixed with titanium filler wire argon arc welding, and the external parts are fixed with carbon steel welding. This eliminates the contact between seawater and carbon steel, reduces the risk of seawater corrosion and leakage, and also reduces the material cost of the heat exchanger.

[0017] 5. To ensure the water tank remains sealed, the sealing gasket is made of neoprene rubber, which is resistant to seawater corrosion, thus ensuring the water tank's airtightness and reducing the risk of seawater leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the perforated plate structure of the upper layer of the lower cylinder of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the perforated plate structure of the lower layer of the lower cylinder of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper perforated plate structure of the upper cylinder of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the upper cylinder and lower perforated plate structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the seawater-cooled heat exchanger structure used in the absorber and condenser of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flange liner structure of the water tank of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling water interface bushing flange structure of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Absorber, 2. Evaporator, 3. Regenerator, 4. Condenser, 5. Lower cylinder, 6. Upper cylinder, 7. Lower cylinder grid plate, 8. Upper perforated plate of lower cylinder, 9. Lower perforated plate of lower cylinder, 10. Upper cylinder grid plate, 11. Upper perforated plate of upper cylinder, 12. Lower perforated plate of upper cylinder, 13. Cooling water regulating valve A, 14. Cooling water regulating valve B, 15. Cooling water regulating valve C, 16. Cooling water pipe A, 17. Cooling water pipe B, 18. Cooling water pipe C, 19. Cooling water pipe D, 20. Cooling water pipe E, 21. Hot water control valve, 22. Cold water inlet, 23. Cold water outlet, 24. Hot water inlet, 25. Hot water outlet, 26. Cooling water inlet, 27. Cooling water outlet, 28. Cold water inlet temperature sensor, 29. Cold water outlet temperature sensor, 30. Hot water inlet temperature sensor, 3 1. Hot water outlet temperature sensor; 32. Cooling water inlet temperature sensor; 33. Cooling water outlet temperature sensor; 34. Condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor; 35. Absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor; 36. Intelligent control system; 1-4A Heat transfer tube; 1-4B Left tube sheet; 1-4C Right tube sheet; 1-4D Left water tank flange; 1-4E Water tank flange bushing; 1-4F Left water tank body; 1-4G Left water tank flow baffle; 1-4H Cooling water inlet pipe; 1-4I Cooling water inlet flange; 1-4J Cooling water outlet pipe; 1-4K Cooling water outlet flange; 1-4L Cooling water interface bushing pipe; 1-4M Cooling water interface bushing flange; 1-4N Right water tank flange; 1-4O Right water tank body; 1-4P Sealing gasket; 1-4Q Fasteners; 1-4R Tube sheet slot. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the cooling water regulating valve A, cooling water regulating valve B, cooling water regulating valve C, hot water control valve, cold water inlet temperature sensor, cold water outlet temperature sensor, hot water inlet temperature sensor, hot water outlet temperature sensor, cooling water inlet temperature sensor, cooling water outlet temperature sensor, condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor, and absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor connected to the PLC intelligent control system in the following embodiments are not limited to any specific model, as long as their specific functions are implemented.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a unit suitable for wide-range cooling water temperature variations includes a lower cylinder 5, an upper cylinder 6, cooling water regulating valves A13, B14, and C15, a hot water control valve 21, and an intelligent control system 36. The lower cylinder 5 includes an absorber 1, an evaporator 2, a lower cylinder grid plate 7, an upper perforated plate 8, and a lower perforated plate 9. The evaporator 2 is positioned above the absorber 1. The lower cylinder grid plates 7 are located on the left and right sides of the evaporator 2, and the upper perforated plate 8 (e.g., [missing information]) is located below the lower cylinder grid plates 7. Figure 2 (as shown) and the lower perforated plate 9 of the lower cylinder (as shown) Figure 3 (As shown); the upper cylinder 6 includes a regenerator 3, a condenser 4, an upper cylinder grid 10, an upper perforated plate 11, and a lower perforated plate 12. The condenser 4 is located above the regenerator 3. The upper cylinder grid 10 is located on the left and right sides of the condenser 4, and the upper cylinder perforated plate 11 is located below the upper cylinder grid 10 (as shown). Figure 4 (as shown) and the upper cylinder lower layer perforated plate 12 (as shown) Figure 5 (As shown). Evaporator 2 is connected to cold water inlet 22 and cold water outlet 23. Cold water inlet temperature sensor 28 and cold water outlet temperature sensor 29 are respectively installed at cold water inlet 22 and cold water outlet 23. Regenerator 3 is connected to hot water inlet 24 and hot water outlet 25. Hot water inlet temperature sensor 30 and hot water outlet temperature sensor 31 are respectively installed at hot water inlet 24 and hot water outlet 25. Hot water control valve 21 is installed on the connecting pipe of hot water outlet 25. Absorber 1 is connected to cooling water pipe A16 and cooling water pipe C18. Condenser 4 is connected to cooling water pipe B17 and cooling water pipe D19. Cooling water pipe A16 and cooling water pipe B17 are connected in parallel to cooling water... The cooling water inlet 26, cooling water pipes C18 and D19 are connected in parallel to the cooling water outlet 27. Cooling water pipes A16 and D19 are connected by cooling water pipe E20. Cooling water inlet 26 and cooling water outlet 27 are respectively equipped with cooling water inlet temperature sensor 32 and cooling water outlet temperature sensor 33. Cooling water regulating valve A13 is installed on cooling water pipe A16. Cooling water regulating valve B14 is installed on cooling water pipe E20. Cooling water regulating valve C15 and condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor 34 are installed on cooling water pipe D19. Absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor 35 is installed on cooling water pipe C18.

[0030] Several openings are provided on both the upper perforated plate 8 and the lower perforated plate 9 of the lower cylinder; the upper perforated plate 8 and the lower perforated plate 9 of the lower cylinder The perforated plate 9 in the lower layer of the cylinder is set up vertically with staggered openings.

[0031] Both the upper perforated plate 11 and the lower perforated plate 12 of the upper cylinder have several openings; the upper perforated plate 11... The upper cylinder and the lower layer of the perforated plate 12 are arranged vertically with staggered openings.

[0032] The unit is suitable for applications with wide temperature variations in cooling water. Cooling water from 1 to 33°C can be directly introduced into the unit. Normal circulation is achieved through the regulation of cooling water regulating valves A13, B14, C15, and hot water control valve 21. When the cooling water inlet temperature is between 1 and 10°C, the absorber 1 and condenser 4 adopt a series cooling water flow. Cooling water regulating valves A13 and C15 are closed, and cooling water regulating valve B14 is opened. Cooling water enters the condenser 4 through cooling water inlet 26 and cooling water pipe B17. Cooling water exiting the condenser 4... Cooling water enters absorber 1 sequentially through cooling water pipes D19, E20, and A16. Cooling water from absorber 1 flows out through cooling water pipe C18 and exits through cooling water outlet 27. When the cooling water inlet temperature is between 10 and 33°C, absorber 1 and condenser 4 operate in parallel cooling water flow. Cooling water regulating valves A13 and C15 are opened, and cooling water regulating valve B14 is closed. Cooling water enters absorber 1 and condenser 4 from cooling water inlet 26 through cooling water pipes A16 and B17, respectively. Cooling water flowing out from absorber 1 and condenser 4... Water flows out from cooling water outlet 27 after converging through cooling water pipes C18 and D19. By switching the cooling water flow, the unit can maintain normal circulation of cooling water even within a wide temperature range of 1–33℃. The evaporator 2 and absorber 1 are arranged vertically, as are the condenser 4 and regenerator 3. The lower cylinder 5 uses a double-grid parallel arrangement of the lower cylinder grid 7. The openings on the upper perforated plate 8 and lower perforated plate 9 of the lower cylinder are staggered, achieving triple separation of refrigerant droplets. Some refrigerant droplets fall due to gravity, while others are separated by the upper perforated plate of the lower cylinder. Plate 8 and the lower perforated plate 9 of the lower cylinder block the refrigerant droplets, and some of the refrigerant droplets are separated by the lower cylinder grid plate 7, thus preventing refrigerant contamination of the lower cylinder 5 due to low cooling water temperature. The upper cylinder 6 uses an upper cylinder grid plate 10 with a double grid plate arranged side by side. The openings on the upper perforated plate 11 and the lower perforated plate 12 of the upper cylinder are staggered, achieving triple separation of refrigerant droplets. Some refrigerant droplets fall due to gravity, some are blocked by the upper perforated plate 11 and the lower perforated plate 12 of the upper cylinder, and some are separated by the upper cylinder grid plate 10, thus preventing refrigerant contamination of the upper cylinder 6 due to low cooling water temperature.

[0033] When the absorber 1 and condenser 4 use seawater as the cooling medium, it is preferable that the absorber 1 and condenser 4 use seawater-cooled heat exchangers, such as... Figure 6As shown, the seawater cooling heat exchanger includes heat transfer tubes 1-4A, left side tube sheet 1-4B, right side tube sheet 1-4C, left side water tank flange 1-4D, water tank flange bushing 1-4E, left side water tank body 1-4F, left side water tank flow baffle 1-4G, cooling water inlet pipe 1-4H, cooling water inlet flange 1-4I, cooling water outlet pipe 1-4J, cooling water outlet flange 1-4K, cooling water interface bushing pipe 1-4L, cooling water interface bushing flange 1-4M, right side water tank flange 1-4N, right side water tank body 1-4O, gasket 1-4P, and fasteners 1-4Q. The heat transfer tubes 1-4A, water... The tank flange liner 1-4E, left water tank flow baffle 1-4G, cooling water interface liner pipe 1-4L, and cooling water interface liner flange 1-4M are made of titanium; the left tube sheet 1-4B, right tube sheet 1-4C, left water tank body 1-4F, and right water tank body 1-4O are made of titanium and carbon steel composite plate; the left water tank flange 1-4D, cooling water inlet pipe 1-4H, cooling water inlet flange 1-4I, cooling water outlet pipe 1-4J, cooling water outlet flange 1-4K, right water tank flange 1-4N, and fasteners 1-4Q are made of carbon steel; the sealing gasket 1-4P is a neoprene gasket resistant to seawater corrosion. A left tube sheet 1-4B and a right tube sheet 1-4C are respectively installed on both sides of the shell, and several heat transfer tubes 1-4A are installed inside the shell; left The left water tank body 1-4F and the right water tank body 1-4O are respectively installed on the outer side of the side tube plate 1-4B and the right water tank body 1-4C; the left water tank Cooling water outlet pipe 1-4J and cooling water inlet pipe 1-4H are respectively installed on the top and bottom of the enclosure 1-4F; Tube sheet slots 1-4R are set on the carbon steel base of tube sheet 1-4B on the left side and tube sheet 1-4C on the right side. The heat transfer tube 1-4A is connected to the tube sheet slots 1-4R on the left side and tube sheet 1-4B on the right side using an expansion joint process. The titanium composite layer of heat transfer tube 1-4A is fixed to the left side and tube sheet 1-4B on the left side and tube sheet 1-4C using titanium filler wire argon arc welding.

[0034] The carbon steel base layer of the right-side water tank flange 1-4N and the right-side water tank body 1-4O is fixed by ordinary welding, and the water tank flange bushing 1-4E (such as...) Figure 7 The titanium composite layer of the right water tank body 1-4O (as shown) and the right water tank flange 1-4N is fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding. After the right water tank flange 1-4N, the right water tank body 1-4O, and the water tank flange bushing 1-4E form a whole, they are sealed and fixed to the right tube sheet 1-4C by sealing gasket 1-4P and fastener 1-4Q. The carbon steel base layer of the left water tank flange 1-4D and the left water tank body 1-4F is fixed by ordinary welding. The titanium composite layer of the left water tank flow partition 1-4G, the water tank flange bushing 1-4E, and the left water tank body 1-4F is fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding. After the left water tank flange 1-4D, the left water tank body 1-4F, and the water tank flange bushing 1-4E form a whole, they are sealed and fixed to the left tube sheet 1-4B by sealing gasket 1-4P and fastener 1-4Q. This ensures the water tank's airtightness and reduces the risk of seawater leakage.

[0035] The carbon steel base of the left water tank body 1-4F is fixed to the cooling water inlet pipe 1-4H and the cooling water outlet pipe 1-4J by ordinary welding. The cooling water inlet pipe 1-4H is connected to the cooling water inlet flange 1-4I, and the cooling water outlet pipe 1-4J is connected to the cooling water outlet flange 1-4K. The cooling water inlet pipe 1-4H, the cooling water inlet flange 1-4I, the cooling water outlet pipe 1-4J, and the cooling water outlet flange 1-4K are lined with cooling water interface bushing pipe 1-4L and cooling water interface bushing flange 1-4M (e.g., Figure 8 As shown, the titanium composite layer of the cooling water interface bushing pipe 1-4L, the cooling water interface bushing flange 1-4M, and the left water tank body 1-4F is fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding, which eliminates the contact between seawater and carbon steel, reduces the risk of leakage due to seawater corrosion, and also reduces material costs.

[0036] The cooling water regulating valve A13, cooling water regulating valve B14, cooling water regulating valve C15, hot water control valve 21, cold water inlet temperature sensor 28, cold water outlet temperature sensor 29, hot water inlet temperature sensor 30, hot water outlet temperature sensor 31, cooling water inlet temperature sensor 32, cooling water outlet temperature sensor 33, condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor 34, and absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor 35 are respectively connected to the intelligent control system 36, which is specifically a PLC system.

[0037] The intelligent control system 36 is connected to cooling water regulating valve A13 to achieve cooling water regulation control in absorber 1 during parallel cooling water flow; intelligent control system 36 is connected to cooling water regulating valve C15 to achieve cooling water regulation control in condenser 4 during parallel cooling water flow; intelligent control system 36 is connected to cooling water regulating valve B14 to achieve cooling water regulation control in absorber 1 and condenser 4 during series cooling water flow; intelligent control system 36 is connected to hot water control valve 21 to achieve hot water regulation control in regenerator 3; intelligent control system 36 is connected to cold water outlet temperature sensor 29 to achieve low cold water outlet temperature protection control; intelligent control system 36 is connected to cooling water inlet temperature sensor 32 to achieve regulation control of cooling water regulating valves A13, B14, and C15. The cooling water regulating valve C15 automatically switches the cooling water flow control; the intelligent control system 36 is connected to the condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor 34 and the absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor 35 to realize the automatic adjustment of cooling water flow by the cooling water regulating valves A13, B14 and C15 to achieve optimal matching control. The unit effectively prevents the cooling water temperature from being too low and affecting the normal circulation of the unit through the control and regulation of the cooling water regulating valves A13, B14 and C15 and the hot water control valve 21, realizing low temperature protection and preventing the unit from being shut down due to high temperature or high pressure abnormalities caused by excessive input of heat source water. The intelligent control system 36 is used for regulation to ensure the stable operation of the unit and realize the intelligent control of the unit.

[0038] The method for intelligently controlling the hot water control valve 21 using this unit and intelligent control system 36 is as follows:

[0039] The hot water control valve 21 performs PID bypass adjustment based on the cold water outlet temperature detected by the cold water outlet temperature sensor 29 to prevent the cold water outlet temperature from being too low, thus achieving low temperature protection. At the same time, it prevents the unit from receiving too much heat source water, which could cause abnormal alarms and shutdowns due to high temperature or high pressure.

[0040] The method for intelligently controlling cooling water regulating valves A13, B14, and C15 using this unit and intelligent control system 36 is as follows:

[0041] The cooling water regulating valves A13, B14, and C15 are controlled to start and stop based on the cooling water inlet temperature detected by the cooling water inlet temperature sensor 32. When the detected cooling water inlet temperature is greater than 10℃, cooling water regulating valves A13 and C15 open, and cooling water regulating valve B14 closes. The cooling water in absorber 1 and condenser 4 adopts a parallel flow, which significantly reduces the pressure loss of cooling water circulation. Cooling water regulating valve A13 regulates the cooling water flow in absorber 1 based on the absorber cooling water outlet temperature detected by the absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor 35. Cooling water regulating valve C15 regulates the cooling water flow in condenser 4 based on the condenser cooling water outlet temperature detected by the condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor 34, thereby realizing the absorption... The optimal matching of cooling water circulation flow rates in absorber 1 and condenser 4 is achieved. When the detected cooling water inlet temperature is less than 10℃, cooling water regulating valves A13 and C15 are closed, and cooling water regulating valve B14 is opened. The cooling water flow in absorber 1 and condenser 4 is switched to a series flow. Cooling water passes through condenser 4 and absorber 1 in series. Cooling water at 1-10℃ enters condenser 4 for initial preheating and then enters absorber 1 for secondary preheating. Cooling water regulating valve B14 regulates and controls the cooling water flow rate in condenser 4 and absorber 1 based on the condenser cooling water outlet temperature detected by condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor 34, so that the cooling water temperature entering absorber 1 is as high as possible without reducing the unit's cooling capacity, enabling the unit to circulate normally even when the cooling water temperature varies widely.

[0042] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all feasible embodiments of the present invention. Any obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature, characterized in that, The system includes a lower cylinder (5), an upper cylinder (6), a cooling water regulating valve A (13), a cooling water regulating valve B (14), a cooling water regulating valve C (15), a hot water control valve (21), and an intelligent control system (36). The lower cylinder (5) includes an absorber (1), an evaporator (2), a lower cylinder grid plate (7), an upper perforated plate (8), and a lower perforated plate (9). The evaporator (2) is located on the upper side of the absorber (1). The lower cylinder grid plate (7) is located on the left and right sides of the evaporator (2). The lower cylinder grid plate (8) and the lower perforated plate (9) are located on the lower side of the lower cylinder grid plate (7). The upper cylinder (6) includes a regenerator (3), a condenser (4), an upper cylinder grid plate (10), and an upper perforated plate (11). The upper cylinder has a lower perforated plate (12), the condenser (4) is located on the upper side of the regenerator (3), the upper cylinder grid plate (10) is located on the left and right sides of the condenser (4), and the upper cylinder upper perforated plate (11) and the upper cylinder lower perforated plate (12) are located on the lower side of the upper cylinder grid plate (10); the evaporator (2) is connected to the cold water inlet (22) and the cold water outlet (23), and the cold water inlet (22) and the cold water outlet (23) are respectively equipped with a cold water inlet temperature sensor (28) and a cold water outlet temperature sensor (29); the regenerator (3) is connected to the hot water inlet (24) and the hot water outlet (25), and the hot water inlet (24) and the hot water outlet (25) are respectively equipped with a hot water inlet temperature sensor (30) and a hot water outlet temperature sensor (39). 1) A hot water control valve (21) is installed on the connecting pipe of the hot water outlet (25). The absorber (1) is connected to the cooling water pipe A (16) and the cooling water pipe C (18). The condenser (4) is connected to the cooling water pipe B (17) and the cooling water pipe D (19). The cooling water pipe A (16) and the cooling water pipe B (17) are connected in parallel to the cooling water inlet (26). The cooling water pipe C (18) and the cooling water pipe D (19) are connected in parallel to the cooling water outlet (27). The cooling water pipe A (16) and the cooling water pipe D (19) are connected through the cooling water pipe E (20). The cooling water inlet (26) and the cooling water outlet (27) are respectively equipped with a cooling water inlet temperature sensor (32) and a cooling water outlet temperature sensor (32). Cooling water outlet temperature sensor (33), cooling water regulating valve A (13) is installed on cooling water pipeline A (16), cooling water regulating valve B (14) is installed on cooling water pipeline E (20), the connection between cooling water pipeline E (20) and cooling water pipeline A (16) is located between cooling water regulating valve A (13) and absorber (1); the connection between cooling water pipeline E (20) and cooling water pipeline D (19) is located between cooling water regulating valve C (15) and condenser (4); cooling water regulating valve C (15) and condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor (34) are installed on cooling water pipeline D (19), and absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor (35) is installed on cooling water pipeline C (18).

2. The unit as described in claim 1, suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature, characterized in that, Several openings are provided on the upper perforated plate (8) of the lower cylinder and the lower perforated plate (9) of the lower cylinder; the upper perforated plate (8) of the lower cylinder and the lower perforated plate (9) of the lower cylinder are arranged vertically and the openings are staggered. Several openings are provided on the upper perforated plate (11) and the lower perforated plate (12) of the upper cylinder; the upper perforated plate (11) and the lower perforated plate (12) of the upper cylinder are arranged vertically and the openings are staggered; the unit is suitable for situations where the cooling water temperature varies widely. Cooling water of 1~33℃ can be directly introduced into the unit. The normal circulation of the unit is achieved by adjusting the cooling water regulating valve A (13), cooling water regulating valve B (14), cooling water regulating valve C (15), and hot water control valve (21). When the cooling water inlet temperature is 1~10℃, the absorber (1) and condenser (4) adopt a cooling water series process. The cooling water regulating valve A (13) and cooling water regulating valve C (15) are closed, and the cooling water regulating valve is opened. The cooling water enters the condenser (4) through the cooling water inlet (26) and cooling water pipe B (17) via the throttle valve B (14). The cooling water from the condenser (4) enters the absorber (1) through the cooling water pipe D (19), cooling water pipe E (20), and cooling water pipe A (16) in sequence. The cooling water from the absorber (1) flows out through the cooling water outlet (27) via the cooling water pipe C (18). When the cooling water inlet temperature is between 10 and 33°C, the absorber (1) and condenser (4) adopt a parallel cooling water flow process. The cooling water regulating valve A (13) and cooling water regulating valve C (15) are opened, and the cooling water regulating valve B (14) is closed. The cooling water enters the absorber (1) and condenser (4) through the cooling water inlet (26) via the cooling water pipe B (17). Line A (16) and cooling water line B (17) enter the absorber (1) and condenser (4) respectively. The cooling water flowing out from the absorber (1) and condenser (4) merges through cooling water line C (18) and cooling water line D (19) respectively and flows out through cooling water outlet (27). By switching the cooling water flow, the unit can circulate normally in a wide temperature range of 1~33℃. At the same time, the evaporator (2) and absorber (1) are arranged vertically, and the condenser (4) and regenerator (3) are arranged vertically. The lower cylinder (5) uses a double grid plate (7) with a parallel arrangement of two grid plates. The openings on the upper perforated plate (8) and the lower perforated plate (9) of the lower cylinder are staggered. The droplets achieve triple separation: some refrigerant droplets fall due to gravity, some refrigerant droplets are blocked by the upper perforated plate (8) and the lower perforated plate (9) of the lower cylinder, and some refrigerant droplets are separated by the lower cylinder grid plate (7), thus avoiding refrigerant contamination in the lower cylinder (5) due to low cooling water temperature; the upper cylinder (6) uses an upper cylinder grid plate (10) with a double grid plate arrangement, and the openings on the upper perforated plate (11) and the lower perforated plate (12) of the upper cylinder are staggered, thus achieving triple separation of the refrigerant droplets: some refrigerant droplets fall due to gravity, some refrigerant droplets are blocked by the upper perforated plate (11) and the lower perforated plate (12) of the upper cylinder, and some refrigerant droplets are separated by the upper cylinder grid plate (10).

3. A unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the absorber (1) and condenser (4) use seawater as the cooling medium, the absorber (1) and condenser (4) adopt a seawater-cooled heat exchanger, which includes heat transfer tubes (1-4A), left tube sheet (1-4B), right tube sheet (1-4C), left water tank flange (1-4D), water tank flange liner (1-4E), left water tank body (1-4F), left water tank flow baffle (1-4G), cooling water inlet pipe (1-4H), and cooling water inlet flange (1-4F). -4I), cooling water outlet pipe (1-4J), cooling water outlet flange (1-4K), cooling water interface bushing pipe (1-4L), cooling water interface bushing flange (1-4M), right side water tank flange (1-4N), right side water tank body (1-4O), sealing gasket (1-4P), fasteners (1-4Q), including heat transfer pipe (1-4A), water tank flange bushing (1-4E), left side water tank flow partition (1-4G), cooling water interface bushing pipe (1-4L), cooling water The interface bushing flange (1-4M) is made of titanium; the left tube sheet (1-4B), right tube sheet (1-4C), left water tank body (1-4F), and right water tank body (1-4O) are made of titanium and carbon steel composite plates; the left water tank flange (1-4D), cooling water inlet pipe (1-4H), cooling water inlet flange (1-4I), cooling water outlet pipe (1-4J), cooling water outlet flange (1-4K), right water tank flange (1-4N), and fasteners (1-4Q) are made of carbon steel. The sealing gasket (1-4P) is made of neoprene rubber gasket resistant to seawater corrosion; the tube sheet groove (1-4R) is set on the carbon steel base of the left tube sheet (1-4B) and the right tube sheet (1-4C); the heat transfer tube (1-4A) is connected to the tube sheet groove (1-4R) of the left tube sheet (1-4B) and the right tube sheet (1-4C) by expansion joint process; the heat transfer tube (1-4A) is fixed to the titanium composite layer of the left tube sheet (1-4B) and the right tube sheet (1-4C) by titanium filler wire argon arc welding.

4. A unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The carbon steel base of the right water tank flange (1-4N) and the right water tank body (1-4O) are fixed by ordinary welding. The titanium composite layer of the water tank flange bushing (1-4E) and the right water tank body (1-4O) is fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding. After the right water tank flange (1-4N), the right water tank body (1-4O), and the water tank flange bushing (1-4E) are formed as a whole, they are sealed and fixed to the right tube sheet (1-4C) by a sealing gasket (1-4P) and fasteners (1-4Q); the left water tank flange The carbon steel base of (1-4D) and the left water tank body (1-4F) are fixed by ordinary welding. The titanium composite layer of the left water tank flow partition (1-4G), the water tank flange liner (1-4E) and the left water tank body (1-4F) is fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding. After the left water tank flange (1-4D), the left water tank body (1-4F) and the water tank flange liner (1-4E) are formed as a whole, they are sealed and fixed to the left tube sheet (1-4B) by sealing gasket (1-4P) and fastener (1-4Q).

5. A unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The carbon steel base of the left water tank body (1-4F) is fixed to the cooling water inlet pipe (1-4H) and cooling water outlet pipe (1-4J) by ordinary welding. The cooling water inlet pipe (1-4H) is connected to the cooling water inlet flange (1-4I), and the cooling water outlet pipe (1-4J) is connected to the cooling water outlet flange (1-4K). The cooling water inlet pipe (1-4H), cooling water inlet flange (1-4I), cooling water outlet pipe (1-4J), and cooling water outlet flange (1-4K) are lined with cooling water interface ring pipe (1-4L) and cooling water interface ring flange (1-4M). The cooling water interface ring pipe (1-4L) and cooling water interface ring flange (1-4M) and the titanium composite layer of the left water tank body (1-4F) are fixed by titanium filler wire argon arc welding.

6. A unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling water regulating valve A (13), cooling water regulating valve B (14), cooling water regulating valve C (15), hot water control valve (21), cold water inlet temperature sensor (28), cold water outlet temperature sensor (29), hot water inlet temperature sensor (30), hot water outlet temperature sensor (31), cooling water inlet temperature sensor (32), cooling water outlet temperature sensor (33), condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor (34), and absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor (35) are respectively connected to the intelligent control system (36), which is specifically a PLC system.

7. A unit suitable for wide variations in cooling water temperature as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent control system (36) is connected to the cooling water regulating valve A (13) to achieve cooling water regulation control in the absorber (1) during the parallel cooling water process; the intelligent control system (36) is connected to the cooling water regulating valve C (15) to achieve cooling water regulation control in the condenser (4) during the parallel cooling water process; the intelligent control system (36) is connected to the cooling water regulating valve B (14) to achieve cooling water regulation control in the absorber (1) and condenser (4) during the series cooling water process; the intelligent control system (36) is connected to the hot water control valve (21) to achieve hot water regulation control in the regenerator (3); the intelligent control system (36) is connected to the cold water outlet temperature sensor (29) to achieve low cold water outlet temperature protection control; the intelligent control system (36) is connected to the cooling water inlet temperature sensor (32). The connection between the cooling water regulating valves A (13), B (14), and C (15) enables automatic switching of the cooling water flow control; the connection between the intelligent control system (36) and the condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor (34) and the absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor (35) enables the cooling water regulating valves A (13), B (14), and C (15) to automatically adjust the cooling water flow to achieve optimal matching control. The unit is controlled and regulated by the cooling water regulating valves A (13), B (14), C (15), and hot water control valve (21) to prevent the cooling water temperature from being too low and affecting the normal circulation of the unit, and to prevent the unit from being shut down due to high temperature or high pressure caused by excessive input of heat source water.

8. The method for intelligent control of units with wide variations in cooling water temperature as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method for intelligently controlling the hot water control valve (21) using this unit and intelligent control system (36) is as follows: The hot water control valve (21) performs PID bypass adjustment based on the cold water outlet temperature detected by the cold water outlet temperature sensor (29) to prevent the cold water outlet temperature from being too low, and at the same time to prevent the unit from receiving too much heat source water, which could cause the unit to shut down due to abnormal alarms caused by high temperature or high pressure.

9. The method for intelligent control of units with wide variations in cooling water temperature as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method for intelligently controlling cooling water regulating valves A (13), B (14), and C (15) using this unit and intelligent control system (36) is as follows: The cooling water regulating valves A (13), B (14), and C (15) are controlled to start and stop based on the cooling water inlet temperature detected by the cooling water inlet temperature sensor (32). When the detected cooling water inlet temperature is greater than 10℃, cooling water regulating valves A (13) and C (15) are opened, and cooling water regulating valve B (14) is closed. The cooling water in the absorber (1) and condenser (4) adopts a parallel process, which greatly reduces the pressure loss of the cooling water circulation. Cooling water regulating valve A (13) regulates the cooling water flow of the absorber (1) based on the absorber cooling water outlet temperature detected by the absorber cooling water outlet temperature sensor (35). Cooling water regulating valve C (15) regulates the cooling water flow of the condenser (4) based on the condenser cooling water outlet temperature detected by the condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor (34). This realizes the regulation of the cooling water flow in the absorber (1). 1) Optimal matching of cooling water circulation flow rate in condenser (4); when the detected cooling water inlet temperature is less than 10℃, cooling water regulating valve A (13) and cooling water regulating valve C (15) are closed, cooling water regulating valve B (14) is opened, the cooling water flow in absorber (1) and condenser (4) is switched to series flow, the cooling water passes through condenser (4) and absorber (1) in series, the cooling water of 1~10℃ enters condenser (4) for a first heating preheating, and then enters absorber (1) for a second heating. Cooling water regulating valve B (14) regulates and controls the cooling water flow rate in condenser (4) and absorber (1) according to the condenser cooling water outlet temperature detected by condenser cooling water outlet temperature sensor (34), so that the cooling water temperature entering absorber (1) is as high as possible, and the unit's cooling capacity is not reduced, so that the unit can circulate normally when the cooling water temperature changes widely.

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