Column foot testing apparatus and column foot testing method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of shelf performance testing technology and discloses a column base testing device and method. The device is used to test the stiffness of a test specimen. The test specimen includes a base component and a column assembly connected to each other. The column assembly includes a column body, a column sleeve fitted around the column base, and a base plate at the end of the column base. The device includes support components, an axial drive component, a lateral drive component, and a testing component. Two support components abut against both ends of the test specimen along the axis of the column assembly. The axial drive component applies an axial force to the column assembly. The first support component is axially movable, while the second support component is axially fixed to clamp the test specimen. The lateral drive component applies a lateral force to the base component, causing the test specimen to bend. The testing component measures the stress and displacement of the test specimen and calculates its stiffness. The column base testing method uses the aforementioned device. This invention comprehensively considers the interaction between axial force and the internal structure of the test specimen, improving the accuracy of column base stiffness testing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shelf performance testing technology, and more particularly to a column base testing device and a column base testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Shelving plays an important role in warehouses, enabling them to make full use of warehouse space and expand storage capacity.

[0003] To ensure the reliability of shelving during use, performance testing is necessary, such as stiffness testing of the column base joints used for fixed connections. Taking steel shelving structures as an example, existing testing methods for steel shelving column base joints generally borrow from those used for traditional steel structures. However, this method does not comprehensively consider the unique characteristics of steel shelving column base joints. Because the uprights of steel shelving structures are made of cold-formed thin-walled continuous punching and exhibit symmetry only along the axial direction, their construction is more complex than that of general steel structures. Force transmission is not as direct, resulting in more influencing factors compared to traditional steel structure column base joints. Using existing testing methods for traditional steel structures lacks consideration of the axial forces applied to the shelving and the interactions between various structural components related to the uprights. Therefore, this may lead to significant errors in the test results, affecting the assessment of the steel shelving's performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a column base testing device and a column base testing method that can comprehensively consider axial force and the interaction between internal structures of the test piece, thereby improving the accuracy of column base stiffness testing.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A column base testing device is used to test the stiffness of a test specimen. The test specimen includes a base component and a column assembly. The column assembly includes a column body, a base plate, and a column sleeve. The column sleeve is fitted around the outer periphery of the column base of the column assembly. The base plate is located at the end of the column base. The column assembly is connected to the base component through the base plate. The column base testing device includes:

[0007] Two support members abut against opposite ends of the test specimen along the axis of the column assembly to support the test specimen;

[0008] An axial drive member is disposed at one end of the test piece near the column assembly. The axial drive member can apply an axial force to the column assembly. The first support member, which is closer to the axial drive member, can move along the axial direction, while the second support member, which is farther from the axial drive member, is fixed in the axial direction so as to clamp the test piece with the axial drive member.

[0009] A lateral drive member is provided on one side of the test piece. The first support member is fixed in a direction perpendicular to the axis. The lateral drive member can apply a lateral force perpendicular to the axis to the base member to push the base member to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis and drive the column foot to move horizontally.

[0010] The test component, mounted on the test piece, is capable of testing the stress and displacement of the test piece in order to calculate the stiffness of the test piece.

[0011] Optionally, two column assemblies are provided, and the two column assemblies are symmetrically connected to opposite sides of the base member. The first support member and the second support member respectively abut against the top of the two column assemblies away from the column base. The base member can move along the axial direction to transmit the axial force.

[0012] Optionally, the base component is provided with a bidirectional moving component at its bottom, which can drive the base component to move in a direction parallel to the axis and in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

[0013] Optionally, the lateral drive member is connected to the bidirectional moving member, and the bidirectional moving member can synchronously drive the lateral drive member to move in a direction parallel to the axis, and the lateral drive member can push the bidirectional moving member to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

[0014] Optionally, the axial drive is connected to an adjusting member, which can adjust the position of the axial drive so that the point of action of the axial drive is located at the centroid of the top of the column body.

[0015] Optionally, the base plate is connected to the base component by a number of connectors, and the straight line containing the resultant force of the axial force and the lateral force is not collinear with the line connecting different connectors.

[0016] The column base testing method uses the aforementioned column base testing device. The testing components include a data acquisition mechanism, several strain gauges, and several displacement gauges. The column base testing method includes:

[0017] The device is initially installed by connecting several strain gauges to preset positions on the test piece and electrically connecting the strain gauges to the data acquisition mechanism;

[0018] During device debugging, the relative position of the axial drive component and the test piece is adjusted by using the readings of the data acquisition mechanism, so that the axial force F1 acts on the centroid of the top of the column body.

[0019] The device is precisely installed, and the column body and column sleeve are fixed and aligned, and the column assembly and support are connected.

[0020] Install the displacement gauges, and install multiple displacement gauges at the designated positions on the test piece, and electrically connect the displacement gauges to the data acquisition mechanism;

[0021] Pre-test: Apply an axial force F1 less than a preset value to the axial drive component to check whether the strain gauge and the displacement meter can read normally. After the normal reading is obtained, unload the axial force F1, initialize the readings of the strain gauge and the displacement meter, and start saving data.

[0022] In the formal test, the axial force F1 is applied incrementally to the preset value and maintained. The lateral force F2 is applied through the lateral drive component. After the test piece is loaded to the point of failure, the test ends and the data is saved.

[0023] Optionally, the device installation process includes test piece inspection and test piece installation. After the test piece inspection meets the requirements, the test piece is installed. The test piece inspection includes:

[0024] Check whether the two opposite sides of the base component meet the parallel requirements;

[0025] Check whether the machining error of the column body and the column sleeve meets the requirements.

[0026] Optionally, after initial installation, the device further includes:

[0027] The column body and the column sleeve are pre-installed, and the column body and the column sleeve are connected by fasteners with a pre-tightening force, wherein the pre-tightening force is less than the tightening force when the fasteners are tightened.

[0028] Optionally, the force-displacement curve generated by the lateral drive member pushing the base member includes three stages that appear sequentially, and the speed at which the lateral drive member pushes the base member to produce the same displacement in different stages increases sequentially.

[0029] Optionally, at least 14 displacement gauges are provided, numbered D1-D14 respectively, wherein:

[0030] D1 and D2 are connected together, and D5 and D6 are connected together to the ends of the two column sleeves away from the base plate, respectively, to measure the axial displacement of the ends of the column sleeves;

[0031] D3 and D4 are connected together, and D7 and D8 are connected together to connect the two base plates respectively, so as to measure the axial displacement of the base plates;

[0032] D9 and D10 are located on one side of the base component to measure the lateral displacement of the base component perpendicular to the axis.

[0033] D11 and D12 are respectively installed on the two supports to measure the lateral displacement of the supports;

[0034] D13 and D14 are respectively located at the ends of the two column sleeves away from the base plate to measure the lateral displacement of the column sleeves.

[0035] Optionally, the corner of the end of the column sleeve away from the base plate

[0036]

[0037] The corner of the base plate

[0038]

[0039] Where δ represents the reading of the corresponding displacement gauge, and d represents the distance between the two displacement gauges.

[0040] Optionally, the bending moment at the end of the column sleeve away from the base plate

[0041]

[0042] Lateral displacement of the base component relative to the support component

[0043]

[0044] The bending moment of the base plate

[0045]

[0046] Where L is the axial length of the column assembly and a is the axial length of the column sleeve.

[0047] Beneficial effects:

[0048] The column base testing device provided by this invention includes a test piece comprising an interconnected base component and a column assembly. The column assembly includes an assembled column body, a column sleeve fitted around the column base of the column body, and a base plate connected to the end of the column base. The base plate is connected to the base component on the side away from the column body. By directly testing the assembled test piece, the interactions between the various structures of the test piece, such as the interaction between the column body and the column sleeve, and the interaction between the base plate and the base component, can be comprehensively considered in the stiffness testing factors, making the test conditions more consistent with actual conditions, thereby improving the stiffness measurement... To improve the accuracy of the test, the test specimen is supported by two support members. The first support member can move along the axis of the column assembly, while the second support member is fixed in the axial direction. This allows the axial drive member to apply an axial force to the test specimen, thus taking the axial force on the test specimen into account during stiffness testing and further improving the test accuracy. During the test, a lateral force perpendicular to the axis is applied to the erected test specimen by the lateral drive member. The stress and displacement of the test specimen are obtained by the test assembly set on the test specimen, which can further obtain the stiffness performance of the test specimen.

[0049] The column base testing method provided by this invention, using the aforementioned column base testing device, can comprehensively consider axial force and the interaction between internal structures of the test piece, thereby improving the accuracy of column base stiffness testing. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the test specimen provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a front view of the column base testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a top view of the column base testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a front view of a column assembly with strain gauges provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a top view of a column assembly with strain gauges provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a side view of a column assembly with strain gauges provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a base plate equipped with strain gauges provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a base plate and a column assembly with strain gauges provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 9 This is a force diagram of the test specimen provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the column base testing method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the test specimen testing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of the test piece installation provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] In the picture:

[0063] 100. Test specimen; 110. Base component; 120. Column assembly; 121. Column body; 122. Base plate; 1221. Connecting hole; 123. Column sleeve; 124. Connecting component;

[0064] 1. Support component; 11. First support component; 12. Second support component;

[0065] 2. Axial drive components;

[0066] 3. Lateral drive components;

[0067] 41. Displacement gauge; 42. Strain gauge;

[0068] 5. Bidirectional moving parts. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0070] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0071] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0072] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0073] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the column base testing device (hereinafter referred to as the "device") provided in this embodiment is used to test the stiffness of the test piece 100. The test piece 100 includes a base component 110 and a column assembly 120. The column assembly 120 includes a column body 121, a base plate 122, and a column sleeve 123. The column sleeve 123 is fitted around the outer periphery of the column base of the column assembly 120, and the base plate 122 is located at the end of the column base. The column assembly 120 is connected to the base component 110 through the base plate 122.

[0074] The device includes two support members 1, an axial drive member 2, a lateral drive member 3, and a test assembly. Two support members 1 abut against the opposite ends of the test piece 100 along the axis of the column assembly 120 to support the test piece 100; an axial drive member 2 is located at the end of the test piece 100 near the column assembly 120, and the axial drive member 2 can apply an axial force to the column assembly 120; the first support member 11 of the two support members 1, which is closer to the axial drive member 2, can move along the axial direction, while the second support member 12, which is farther away from the axial drive member 2, is fixed in the axial direction so as to clamp the test piece 100 with the axial drive member 2; a lateral drive member 3 is located on one side of the test piece 100, the first support member 11 is fixed in the direction perpendicular to the axis, and the lateral drive member 3 can apply a lateral force perpendicular to the axis to the base member 110 to push the base member 110 to move in the direction perpendicular to the axis and drive the column base to move horizontally; a test assembly is located on the test piece 100 and can test the stress and displacement of the test piece 100 to calculate the stiffness of the test piece 100.

[0075] The test piece 100 used in this device includes a base component 110 and a column assembly 120 connected to each other, such that the test piece 100 is symmetrical only about the axis of symmetry of the cross-section of the column assembly 120. One end of the column assembly 120 connected to the base component 110 is a column base, and the connection point between the column base and the base component 110 is a column base node; the end of the column assembly 120 away from the base component 110 is a column top. Further, the column assembly 120 includes an assembled column body 121, a column sleeve 123 fitted around the column base of the column body 121, and a base plate 122 connected to the end of the column base, such that the two ends of the column assembly 120 are asymmetrical, and it is symmetrical only about an axis along the axial direction of the column body 121. It is understood that in this embodiment, the axis refers to the center line extending along the axial direction of the column body 121, which may be located at the centroid of the end face of the column body 121; and the test piece 100 is symmetrical about this axis. The column assembly 120 is connected to the base component 110 via the base plate 122 on the side away from the column body 121, thereby forming a test piece 100 for testing. This device directly tests the assembled test piece 100, thus comprehensively considering the interactions between the various structures of the test piece 100, such as the interaction between the column body 121 and the column sleeve 123, and the interaction between the base plate 122 and the base component 110, in the factors affecting stiffness testing. This makes the test conditions more consistent with actual conditions and improves the accuracy of stiffness testing.

[0076] This device supports the test specimen 100 via two support members 1, with the first support member 11 movable along the axis of the column assembly 120 and the second support member 12 fixed in the axial direction. This allows the axial drive member 2 to apply an axial force to the test specimen 100, thus incorporating the axial force on the test specimen 100 into the stiffness test and improving test accuracy. During testing, a lateral drive member 3 applies a lateral force perpendicular to the axis to the erected test specimen 100, causing the base member 110 to move along the axis perpendicularly under the action of the lateral force. Since the first support member 11 is pre-fixed in the axis perpendicular direction, the test specimen 100 bends under the lateral force, generating a bending moment at the column base. By acquiring the stress and displacement at different positions during bending using the test assembly mounted on the test specimen 100, the stiffness of the test specimen 100 can be further calculated. Specifically, the base component 110 is a concrete block used to simulate a floor slab; the support component 1 is a knife-edge hinge support; the axial drive component 2 is a jack; and the lateral drive component 3 is an electric cylinder. The dimensions and specifications of each part of the device can be adjusted as needed. In this embodiment, a 50-ton jack and a 6-ton electric cylinder are selected. Furthermore, the knife-edge hinge support can only rotate in one direction, without restricting the rotation of the column top of the column assembly 120, allowing the test piece 100 to rotate frictionlessly around the axis of symmetry of the column assembly 120, thus restricting the rotation of the test piece 100 around the asymmetrical axis and the torsion around the centroidal axis, ensuring reliable testing.

[0077] Optionally, the base plate 122 is connected to the base component 110 through several connectors 124, and the straight line containing the resultant force of the axial force and the lateral force is not collinear with the line connecting different connectors 124.

[0078] The test piece 100 used in this device is affected by the fact that the line connecting the connectors 124 on the base plate 122 is not collinear with the line containing the resultant force, which can affect the test results. By assembling the connectors 124 during testing, an interaction occurs between the connectors 124 and the base piece 110 when subjected to lateral forces, allowing for a more comprehensive consideration of the influencing factors during stiffness testing and improving test accuracy. Preferably, the connectors 124 are expansion bolts or chemical anchors, which are inserted into the connection holes 1221 to connect the base plate 122 and the base piece 110. Furthermore, the line connecting the connectors 124 is not collinear with the resultant force in the tension area of ​​the sleeve 123.

[0079] Optionally, the axial drive 2 is connected to an adjusting member, which can adjust the position of the axial drive 2 so that the point of action of the axial drive 2 is located at the centroid of the top of the column body 121.

[0080] Preferably, the adjusting component can be a tie rod, with one end fixed and the other end connected to the axial drive component 2. The tie rod can adjust the point of action between the axial drive component 2 and the top surface of the column body 121, so that the axial drive component 2 can act on the centroid position of the top surface of the column, so as to ensure that the test piece 100 can be in force balance when axial force is applied.

[0081] Optionally, two column assemblies 120 are provided, and the two column assemblies 120 are symmetrically connected to opposite sides of the base member 110. The first support member 11 and the second support member 12 respectively abut against the top of the two column assemblies 120 away from the column base. The base member 110 can move along the axial direction to transmit axial force.

[0082] It is understood that in this embodiment, the direction along the axis is defined as axial, and the direction perpendicular to the axis is defined as lateral. The second support member 12 can be fixedly installed so that it can jointly support the test piece 100 with the axial drive member 2, allowing the axial force to be transmitted from the top of one column body 121 to the other column assembly 120; and the base member 110 can move along the axial direction, thereby ensuring the reliable transmission of the axial force. The two column assemblies 120 are symmetrically arranged, which can achieve symmetrical loading during testing. When the lateral force acts on the base member 110 in the middle of the test piece 100, the two ends of the test piece 100 are fixed in the lateral direction, while the middle base member 110 moves laterally to form a bend, without requiring the second support member 12 to move laterally, thus improving the reliability and stability of the device. At the same time, since the base member 110 can move axially and laterally without rotation, it can ensure that the axial force on the column feet on both sides of the base member 110 is the same, thereby avoiding the problem that one column foot will be damaged first due to asymmetry, making it impossible to continue testing.

[0083] Preferably, the first support member 11 can only move axially, and the second support member 12 is fixedly set. However, it should be noted that when the test piece 100 is bent by the lateral force, the top of the support member 1 and the column body 121 connected to it may still move laterally under the lateral force. Therefore, the lateral displacement of the support member 1 needs to be considered during the test.

[0084] Optionally, the base component 110 is provided with a bidirectional moving component 5 at its bottom, which can drive the base component 110 to move in a direction parallel to the axis and in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

[0085] Preferably, the bidirectional moving member 5 can be a bidirectional sliding plate, which can move axially and laterally in the horizontal plane but cannot rotate. This allows the base member 110 to move horizontally when subjected to lateral force, while restricting its rotation within the plane. Furthermore, the bidirectional sliding plate has a friction coefficient of only 1%, effectively reducing the impact of frictional resistance on displacement and contributing to improved stiffness testing accuracy.

[0086] Optionally, the lateral drive 3 is connected to the bidirectional moving part 5. The bidirectional moving part 5 can synchronously drive the lateral drive 3 to move in a direction parallel to the axis, and the lateral drive 3 can push the bidirectional moving part 5 to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

[0087] The fixed end of the lateral drive component 3 is connected to the one-way sliding plate, and the movable end can push the base component 110 to move laterally. The one-way sliding plate can move axially with the base component 110 or the two-way sliding component, ensuring that the base component 110 can be reliably pushed to generate a bending moment at the column base, avoiding the problem of misalignment between the lateral drive component 3 and the base component 110 due to axial movement of the base component 110.

[0088] Since this device tests the assembled test piece 100, the required column base node rotation angle and bending moment can be obtained by taking the minimum values ​​at the top of the column sleeve 123 away from the base plate 122 and at the base plate 122, so the stiffness can be calculated by graphical drawing analysis and other methods.

[0089] like Figures 1-12 As shown, another aspect of this embodiment provides a column base testing method using the aforementioned column base testing device. The testing components include a data acquisition mechanism, a plurality of strain gauges 42, and a plurality of displacement gauges 41. The column base testing method includes:

[0090] S100. Initial installation of the device: Connect several strain gauges 42 to the preset positions of the test piece 100, and electrically connect the strain gauges 42 to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0091] S200. Device debugging: Adjust the relative position of the axial drive component 2 and the test piece 100 by reading the data acquisition mechanism so that the axial force acts on the centroid of the top of the column body 121.

[0092] S300. The device is precisely installed and fixed to the aligned column body 121 and column sleeve 123, and the column assembly 120 and support member 1 are connected.

[0093] S400, Install displacement gauges 41, install multiple displacement gauges 41 at the set positions of the test piece 100, and electrically connect the displacement gauges 41 to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0094] S500, Pre-test: Apply an axial force F1 less than the preset value through the axial drive component 2 to check whether the strain gauge 42 and displacement meter 41 can read normally. After the normal reading is obtained, unload the axial force F1, initialize the readings of the strain gauge 42 and displacement meter 41, and start saving data.

[0095] S600, Formal Test: The axial force F1 is applied incrementally to a preset value and maintained. Lateral force F2 is applied through the lateral drive component 3. The test ends and the data is saved after the test piece 100 is damaged.

[0096] The data acquisition mechanism of the test component is electrically connected to both the strain gauge 42 and the displacement gauge 41 to acquire and process stress and displacement data, and to perform device debugging based on the acquired data. The number and location of the strain gauges 42 and displacement gauges 41 can be determined based on experience and actual needs. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, four strain gauges 42 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis of the column assembly 120, and are labeled S1-S4 for ease of description. Specifically, S3 and S4 are symmetrical, and both are 346.5 mm away from the top of the column at a distance h2; S1 and S2 are symmetrical, and are 75 mm away from S3 and S4 respectively at a distance h1. From the side view of the column assembly 120, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, S1 and S3 coincide, and S2 and S4 coincide. S1-S4 are uniaxial strain gauges used for physical alignment when the axial drive 2 applies an axial force F1 to the test specimen 100, ensuring that the axial force F1 acts on the symmetrical plane of the column assembly 120, and further, on the axis, to determine the stress state of the column base. Two triaxial strain gauges T1 and T2 can also be set on the base plate 122, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis, to determine whether the base plate 122 yields. Preferably, the data acquisition mechanism is used to record test data at a data recording frequency of 1 time / second. In other embodiments, the number of strain gauges 42 can be 8 or another even number.

[0097] During the precise installation of the device, including fastening the column body 121 to the column sleeve 123 with bolts and connecting the column assembly 120 to the support member 1 with connecting bolts, installation stress is introduced in this process. This allows the installation stress to be further incorporated into the factors affecting the test results, thereby improving the accuracy of the test by taking multiple influencing factors more comprehensively into account.

[0098] During the pre-test phase, a force equivalent to 40% of the preset value of the axial force F1 can be applied to check whether the test component is operating normally. After confirming that the test component is normal, the axial force F1 is unloaded, and the test component needs to be "initialized" so that valid data can be saved during the subsequent formal test.

[0099] During the formal testing phase, the axial force F1 is applied incrementally until it reaches the preset value. While maintaining the axial force F1 at the preset value, a lateral force F2 is applied through the lateral drive component 3 to bend the test specimen 100 and generate a bending moment at the column base until the test specimen 100 is bent to the point of failure under the action of the lateral force F2. At this point, the test ends, and the stiffness is calculated based on the data obtained from the formal testing phase by the data acquisition mechanism.

[0100] Optionally, before the installation of the device, S100 includes S10, test piece inspection and S20, test piece installation. After the test piece inspection of S10 meets the requirements, S20 and test piece installation are then carried out.

[0101] Among them, S10, the test piece inspection includes:

[0102] S11. Check whether the two opposite sides of the base component 110 meet the parallel requirements;

[0103] S12. Check whether the machining error of the column body 121 and the column sleeve 123 meets the requirements.

[0104] Ensuring the parallelism of the two opposing sides of the base component 110 prevents the two column assemblies 120 from twisting, thus ensuring that the axial force F1 experienced by the two column assemblies 120 during testing is the same, avoiding premature failure of one side of the column base. Simultaneously, it also prevents the base component 110 from rotating around its vertical axis, which could affect the test. Detecting the machining errors of the column body 121 and column sleeve 123 reduces problems such as unexpected increases in force and uneven stress distribution between the column body 121 and column sleeve 123 during stiffness testing due to excessive machining errors, thereby ensuring more accurate stiffness testing.

[0105] Preferably, S20, test specimen installation includes:

[0106] S21. Connect the base plate 122 to the base component 110;

[0107] S22. Connect the base component 110 to the bidirectional moving component 5 so that the base component 110 can move in directions parallel to and perpendicular to the axis.

[0108] After the test specimen meets the requirements, the test specimen is installed. The base plate 122 is connected to the vertical side of the base component 110. The lower side of the base component 110 can be connected to the bidirectional moving component 5 through the bearing component. The base component 110 is fixed to the bearing component by bolts.

[0109] Optionally, after initial installation, S100 also includes:

[0110] S110. Pre-install the column body 121 and the column sleeve 123, and connect the column body 121 and the column sleeve 123 with fasteners with a pre-tightening force. The pre-tightening force is less than the tightening force when the fasteners are tightened.

[0111] Preferably, the fastener is a connecting bolt. By using a pre-tightening force less than the tightening force during installation, the connection between the column body 121 and the column sleeve 123 is not tightened, so as to facilitate subsequent adjustment of their relative positional relationship.

[0112] Preferably, after applying and maintaining the axial force to the preset value, the adjusting member connected to the axial drive member 2 can be tensioned by tightening the turnbuckle of the adjusting member to fix the axial drive member 2 and ensure the reliable application of the axial force F1.

[0113] Optionally, the force-displacement curve generated by the lateral drive 3 pushing the base component 110 includes three stages that appear sequentially, and the speed at which the lateral drive 3 pushes the base component 110 to produce the same displacement in different stages increases sequentially.

[0114] Furthermore, during the application of lateral force F2, the force-displacement curve of the test specimen 100 can be divided into three stages: an initial linear segment, a slow rising segment, and a falling segment; among which, the falling segment is basically located after the maximum value of the bending moment. In the three stages, the lateral drive 3 pushes the base component 110 at movement speeds of 0.7 mm / min, 1.5 mm / min, and 2 m / min, respectively.

[0115] Optionally, at least 14 displacement gauges 41 are provided, numbered D1-D14 respectively, wherein:

[0116] D1 and D2 mate, and D5 and D6 mate, respectively connecting the ends of the two sleeves 123 away from the base plate 122, to measure the axial displacement of the ends of the sleeves 123, that is, the relative displacement of the sleeves 123 relative to the base member 110 in the axial direction. The spacing between D1 and D2 and between D5 and D6 are the same, preferably 240 mm.

[0117] D3 and D4 mate, and D7 and D8 mate, connecting the two base plates 122 respectively to measure the axial displacement of the base plate 122, that is, the relative displacement between the base plate 122 and the base component 110 in the axial direction. The spacing between D3 and D4, and between D7 and D8, is the same, preferably 130 mm.

[0118] D9 and D10 are located on one side of the base member 110 to measure the lateral displacement of the base member 110 perpendicular to the axis. The distance between D9 and D10 is preferably 200 mm.

[0119] D11 and D12 are respectively set on the two support members 1 to measure the lateral displacement of the support member 1.

[0120] D13 and D14 are respectively located at the ends of the two column sleeves 123 away from the base plate 122 to measure the lateral displacement of the column sleeves 123.

[0121] Optionally, when loading symmetrically, the left rotation angle θ is taken into account. L and right-side turning angle θ R The angle of rotation of the end of the column sleeve 123 away from the base plate 122 is calculated based on the reading of the corresponding displacement gauge 41.

[0122]

[0123] Corner of base plate 122

[0124]

[0125] Where δ represents the reading of the corresponding displacement gauge 41, such as δ1 representing the reading of displacement gauge D1; d represents the distance between the two displacement gauges 41, such as d 12 This indicates the distance between displacement gauges D1 and D2.

[0126] Optionally, the bending moment at the end of the column sleeve 123 away from the base plate 122

[0127]

[0128] Lateral displacement of base component 110 relative to support component 1

[0129]

[0130] Bending moment of base plate 122

[0131]

[0132] Where L is the axial length of the column assembly 120 and a is the axial length of the column sleeve 123.

[0133] Preferably, when loading is symmetrical, the bending moment M on the left side needs to be considered. L and right-side bending moment M R By incorporating the readings of the corresponding displacement gauge 41 and the relevant length dimensions, the formula for calculating the bending moment is derived through the following steps:

[0134] The displacement of the end of the left column sleeve 123 away from the base plate 122 relative to the support member 1

[0135]

[0136] The displacement of the end of the right column sleeve 123 away from the base plate 122 relative to the support member 1

[0137]

[0138] Bending moment at the end of the left column sleeve 123 away from the base plate 122

[0139]

[0140] Bending moment at the end of the right-side column sleeve 123 away from the base plate 122

[0141]

[0142] Where Mc is the bending moment of the base component 110, and Lc is the axial length of the base component 110.

[0143] That is, the bending moment at the end of the column sleeve 123 furthest from the base plate 122 is:

[0144]

[0145] Bending moment of the left base plate 122

[0146]

[0147] Bending moment of the right base plate 122

[0148]

[0149] That is, the bending moment of the base plate 122 is:

[0150]

[0151] This column base testing method uses a lateral force F2 to displace the base component 110, causing the test piece 100 to bend. Stress and displacement data during the bending process are collected by a data collection mechanism. The bending moment and rotation angle data can then be calculated using the aforementioned formula, allowing for the plotting of a bending moment-rotation angle curve. Finally, the stiffness data can be obtained from the curve's slope. It is understood that the value of the lateral force F2 can be measured by the lateral drive component 3, such as the force sensor integrated into an electric cylinder; the value of the axial force F1 can be measured by the axial drive component 2, such as the hydraulic pressure sensor of a jack; the aforementioned device includes the necessary data processing mechanism to analyze the measured data.

[0152] The column base testing device and method provided in this embodiment take into account the influence of axial force on the stress performance of the column base node. The greater the axial force, the greater the initial stiffness of the column base node. It also considers the influence of the interaction between the column body 121 and the column sleeve 123 on the column base stiffness, including the connection method, the thickness of the column body 121 and the column sleeve 123, and the processing and installation conditions. Furthermore, it considers the influence of the interaction between the connector 124 and the base plate 122 on the column base stiffness. This device, tailored to the special characteristics of steel rack column base nodes, addresses the issue of expansion bolts or chemical anchors used to connect the base plate 122 and the base component 11 of the steel rack column base. The tension-displacement relationship of 0 differs from that of ordinary column base pre-embedded anchor bolts, and the anchor bolt connection line is not collinear with the point of action of the resultant force in the tension zone of column sleeve 123. These issues can all be considered in the stiffness influencing factors by testing the fully assembled test piece 100. The interaction between the base plate 122 and the base component 110 on the stiffness of the column base is also considered. However, when the base plate 122 is thick, the bending moment when the base plate 122 separates from the base component 110 is smaller than the ultimate bending moment, and the stiffness after separation is still considerable. Therefore, the influence area of ​​this interaction in the entire moment-rotation curve is relatively small.

[0153] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A column foot testing device for testing the rigidity of a test piece (100) comprising a base piece (110) and a column assembly (120), the column assembly (120) comprising a column body (121), a base plate (122) and a column sleeve (123), the column sleeve (123) being fitted to the outer periphery of the column assembly (120), the base plate (122) being provided at the end of the column foot, the column assembly (120) being connected to the base piece (110) by the base plate (122), characterized in that, The column foot testing device comprises: two support members (1) abutting against opposite ends of the test piece (100) along an axis of the column assembly (120) to support the test piece (100); an axial driving member (2) arranged at one end of the test piece (100) close to the column assembly (120), the axial driving member (2) being capable of applying an axial force to the column assembly (120), a first support member (11) of the two support members (1) close to the axial driving member (2) being movable along the axis, and a second support member (12) of the two support members (1) away from the axial driving member (2) being fixed along the axis to be capable of clamping the test piece (100) with the axial driving member (2); a lateral driving member (3) arranged at one side of the test piece (100), the first support member (11) being fixed perpendicularly to the axis, the lateral driving member (3) being capable of applying a lateral force perpendicular to the axis to the base member (110) to push the base member (110) to move along a direction perpendicular to the axis and to drive the column foot to move horizontally; a testing assembly arranged on the test piece (100) and capable of testing stress and displacement of the test piece (100) to calculate rigidity of the test piece (100).

2. The pier testing device of claim 1, wherein, The column assembly (120) is provided with two column assemblies (120) symmetrically connected to opposite sides of the base member (110), the first support member (11) and the second support member (12) abutting against top ends of the two column assemblies (120) away from the column foot, and the base member (110) being movable along the axis to be capable of transmitting the axial force.

3. The pier testing device of claim 2, wherein, A bottom of the base member (110) is provided with a bidirectional moving member (5) capable of driving the base member (110) to move along a direction parallel to the axis and a direction perpendicular to the axis.

4. The pier testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The lateral driving member (3) is connected with the bidirectional moving member (5), the bidirectional moving member (5) being capable of synchronously driving the lateral driving member (3) to move along the direction parallel to the axis, and the lateral driving member (3) being capable of driving the bidirectional moving member (5) to move along the direction perpendicular to the axis.

5. The pier testing device of claim 1, wherein, The axial driving member (2) is connected with an adjusting member capable of adjusting a position of the axial driving member (2) to make an action point of the axial driving member (2) be located at a centroid of the top end of the column body (121).

6. The pier testing device of claim 1, wherein, The base plate (122) is connected with the base member (110) through a plurality of connecting members (124), and a straight line where a resultant force of the axial force and the lateral force is located is not collinear with connecting lines between different connecting members (124).

7. Column foot testing method, characterized in that The column foot testing device is used, the testing assembly comprises a data acquisition mechanism, a plurality of strain gauges (42) and a plurality of displacement meters (41), and the column foot testing method comprises: The device is initially installed, and a plurality of strain gauges (42) are connected to the test piece (100) at predetermined positions. The strain gauges (42) are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism. The device is debugged, and the relative position of the axial driving member (2) and the test piece (100) is adjusted based on the readings of the data acquisition mechanism, so that the axial force F1 acts on the centroid of the top end of the column body (121). The device is precisely installed, and the aligned column body (121) and column sleeve (123) are fixed. The column assembly (120) is connected to the support (1). The displacement meters (41) are installed at the specified positions of the test piece (100). The displacement meters (41) are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism. The pre-test is performed by applying an axial force F1 smaller than the preset value through the axial driving member (2). The strain gauges (42) and displacement meters (41) are checked for normal readings. After normal readings are obtained, the axial force F1 is unloaded, and the readings of the strain gauges (42) and displacement meters (41) are initialized to start saving data. The formal test is performed by incrementally applying the axial force F1 to the preset value and maintaining it. The lateral force F2 is applied through the lateral driving member (3). After the test piece (100) is damaged, the test is ended, and the data is saved.

8. The pogo stick testing method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before the device is installed, the test piece detection and test piece installation are also included. When the test piece detection meets the requirements, the test piece installation is performed. The test piece detection includes: Detecting whether the two opposite sides of the base body (110) meet the parallel requirement. Detecting whether the machining error of the column body (121) and the column sleeve (123) meets the requirement.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein, After the preliminary installation of the device, the following is also included: The column body (121) and the column sleeve (123) are pre-installed. The column body (121) and the column sleeve (123) are connected by a fastener with a pre-tightening force. The pre-tightening force is smaller than the tightening force of the fastener.

10. The pogo stick testing method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The force-displacement curve of the base body (110) pushed by the lateral driving member (3) includes three stages in sequence. The speed of the lateral driving member (3) pushing the base body (110) to produce the same displacement increases in sequence at different stages.

11. The pogo stick testing method according to claim 7, wherein, The displacement meters (41) are at least 14, labeled as D1-D14. Among them: D1 and D2 cooperate, and D5 and D6 cooperate to connect the ends of the two column sleeves (123) away from the bottom plate (122) to measure the axial displacement of the end of the column sleeve (123). D3 and D4 cooperate, and D7 and D8 cooperate to connect the two bottom plates (122) to measure the axial displacement of the bottom plate (122). D9 and D10 are arranged on one side of the base body (110) to measure the lateral displacement of the base body (110) perpendicular to the axis. D11 and D12 are arranged on the two supports (1) to measure the lateral displacement of the support (1). D13 and D14 are arranged at the ends of the two column sleeves (123) away from the base plate (122) to measure the lateral displacement of the column sleeves (123).

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, the corner of the end of the column sleeve (123) away from the base plate (122) the corner of the base plate (122) wherein δ represents the reading of the corresponding displacement meter (41), and d represents the distance between the two displacement meters (41).

13. The pogo stick testing method according to claim 12, characterized in that, the bending moment of the end of the column sleeve (123) away from the base plate (122) the lateral displacement of the base plate (122) relative to the support (1) the bending moment of the base plate (122) wherein L is the axial length of the column assembly (120), and a is the axial length of the column sleeve (123).

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