A kind of long-stalked azalea cutting propagation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for propagating long-pedunculated azalea by cuttings, belonging to the technical field of plant asexual propagation. The method comprises the following steps: cutting long-pedunculated azalea cuttings, soaking the base of the cuttings in a rooting solution, and then inserting the cuttings into a substrate for rooting culture; the rooting solution comprises 200 mg / L gibberellin GA3100 and 100 mg / L salicylic acid SA60; and the cutting substrate comprises, by volume, 3-5 parts of waste rock wool, 1-3 parts of vermiculite, and 1-3 parts of coconut husk. The present invention provides a long-pedunculated azalea cutting propagation method. Based on the physiological characteristics and endogenous hormone levels of the long-pedunculated azalea, the long-pedunculated azalea cuttings are treated with GA3 and SA in combination, which can significantly improve the rooting rate of the cuttings. Waste rock wool, vermiculite and coconut husk are used as cutting substrates, which are rich in nutrients and meet the rooting requirements of the long-pedunculated azalea cuttings. The substrates have strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, can promote the nutritional growth of the cuttings, and improve the survival rate of the cuttings after rooting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant asexual reproduction, and in particular relates to a cutting propagation method for a rare and endangered plant, Rhododendron longipes. Background Art

[0002] Rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) is a world-renowned ornamental plant, one of China's ten famous flowers and Yunnan's eight famous flowers. Due to its immense horticultural value, it has dominated Western gardens for nearly a century. Rhododendrons are a rich and diverse plant, with over 1,000 species worldwide and over 600 in China, making it the epicenter of species diversity. Despite the widespread recognition of rhododendrons' horticultural value, conservation efforts for this genus remain largely neglected. In particular, efforts to protect some endangered and critically endangered species are scarce. In response to this, in 2011, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), Fauna & Flora International (FFI), and Global Tree Action (GTC) jointly published the Red List of Rhododendrons, based on the internationally recognized criteria of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. The report found that 31 species in China are endangered or critically endangered, representing 41% of the global total. Among them, the long-stemmed azalea (Rhododendron longipedicellatum Lei Cai & Y.P. Ma) is a newly discovered wild plant with an extremely small population in Yunnan Province. Its rare flowering period and pure yellow flowers provide valuable breeding materials for the hybrid breeding of new azalea varieties.

[0003] Currently, there are three main methods for propagating azalea varieties: tissue culture, cuttings, and grafting. While tissue culture offers a rapid propagation coefficient and uniform seedling growth, it is difficult to promote in small and medium-sized enterprises due to its strict facility requirements, complex procedures, and high costs. Grafting, on the other hand, requires a large number of high-quality rootstocks and has a low propagation coefficient, primarily used for varieties that have difficulty rooting from cuttings. Cuttings, on the other hand, offer advantages such as ease of operation, low cost, a short seedling raising cycle, and minimal facility requirements, making them the most widely used method in commercial azalea production. However, there are currently no reports on the use of cuttings for long-stemmed azalea.

[0004] Furthermore, the rooting and survival rates of azalea cuttings are affected by the composition of the cutting medium. Rockwool has excellent air permeability and water retention. Refined at 1600°C, it is sterile and pollution-free, making it the primary substrate for soilless cultivation in Europe. In recent years, rockwool cultivation technology has gradually developed in my country, particularly in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, where it is widely used due to its excellent water retention, air permeability, ease of handling, and long shelf life. The typical rockwool cultivation period for fruit and vegetable cultivation is one year, after which new rockwool is replaced. However, discarded rockwool still contains a significant amount of nutrients. Directly discarding this large amount of discarded rockwool would cause significant environmental pollution and be a significant waste. There are no reports of discarded rockwool being used as a cutting medium in azalea cuttings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a cutting propagation method for the rare and endangered plant Rhododendron longipes, which improves the rooting rate and survival rate of Rhododendron longipes cuttings by adjusting the components and ratios of the rooting liquid and the cutting medium.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A long-pedunculated azalea cutting propagation method comprises the following steps: cutting long-pedunculated azalea cuttings, soaking the base of the cuttings in rooting liquid, and inserting the cuttings into a matrix for rooting culture after soaking; the rooting liquid comprises 100-200 mg / L gibberellin GA3 and 60-100 mg / L salicylic acid SA; and the cutting matrix comprises 3-5 parts of waste rock wool, 1-3 parts of vermiculite, and 1-3 parts of coconut husks in volume fraction.

[0008] Preferably, the cuttings are semi-lignified branches of Rhododendron longipes that are grown in the current year.

[0009] Preferably, the cuttings are 8-12 cm long, retaining leaf buds and 2-4 top leaves.

[0010] More preferably, 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the top leaf is cut off.

[0011] Preferably, the soaking treatment time is 1-3 hours.

[0012] Preferably, the cutting medium has a moisture content of 50-70% and a thickness of ≥15 cm.

[0013] More preferably, the cutting substrate is disinfected by spraying 0.1-0.3% potassium permanganate solution and 0.1% carbendazim 800-1200 times diluted solution for disinfection.

[0014] Preferably, the cuttings are carried out from mid-June to early July.

[0015] Preferably, the cutting depth is 3-5 cm.

[0016] Preferably, during the rooting culture, the temperature is 18-28° C., the air humidity is 60%-80%, the sunlight is natural, and the shade is provided for 2-3 hours at noon.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The invention provides a cutting propagation method for the rare and endangered plant Rhododendron longipes, and provides a basis for the asexual propagation and ex situ protection of the extremely small population wild plant Rhododendron longipes.

[0019] The present invention is based on the physiological characteristics and endogenous hormone levels of Rhododendron longipedum, and uses GA3+SA to jointly treat Rhododendron longipedum cuttings, which can significantly improve the rooting rate of cuttings.

[0020] The present invention uses waste rock wool, vermiculite and coconut husk as cutting substrates, which are low in price, widely available, and rich in nutrients, can meet the rooting requirements of long-stemmed azalea cuttings, and have strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, can promote the nutritional growth of cutting seedlings, and improve the survival rate of cutting seedlings after rooting.

[0021] The invention uses waste rock wool as one of the components of the long-pedunculated azalea cutting matrix, thereby achieving effective utilization of the waste rock wool and improving economic and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 : The long-stalked azalea cutting rooting seedling of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The invention provides a long-pedunculated azalea cutting propagation method, comprising the following steps: cutting long-pedunculated azalea cuttings, soaking bases of the cuttings in rooting liquid, and inserting the cuttings into a matrix for rooting culture after the soaking is completed; the rooting liquid is 100-200 mg / L of gibberellin GA3+60-100 mg / L of salicylic acid SA; and the cutting matrix is composed of 3-5 parts of waste rock wool, 1-3 parts of vermiculite, and 1-3 parts of coconut husks in volume fraction.

[0024] The preferred rooting solution of the present invention is 120-180 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 70-90 mg / L salicylic acid SA; more preferably, 150 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 80 mg / L salicylic acid SA. Treating cuttings with exogenous gibberellins and salicylic acid can increase gibberellin levels within the long-pedunculated azalea cuttings, promoting callus induction and adventitious root formation. Salicylic acid, a phenolic compound, can regulate physiological and biochemical processes during azalea cuttings, improving rooting quality.

[0025] The present invention preferably uses a cutting matrix composed of 4 parts of waste rock wool, 2 parts of vermiculite, and 2 parts of coconut husk in volume fraction. Waste rock wool is a rock wool matrix discarded after rock wool cultivation of crops, including rock wool strips, rock wool blocks, etc., which retains the nutrients supplied by the rock wool cultivation of crops during their growth. As a matrix for azalea cuttings, it can provide sufficient nutrients, and the rock wool has high porosity, strong water absorption, and good air permeability and water absorption properties. The present invention further preferably collects the waste rock wool and then crushes it to a particle size of 0.1-0.2mm. Excessive nutrients in waste rock wool can easily cause stress to azalea cuttings. The present invention more preferably collects the waste rock wool and then rinses it until the EC value of the waste rock wool is 0.8-1.2ds·m -1 Vermiculite is light, has large pores, strong water absorption, is neutral, and has good buffering properties; coconut coir has strong absorption capacity, good air permeability and drainage, and strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities. When mixed with waste rock wool, it can be used as a medium for long-stemmed azalea cuttings, which can meet the rooting needs of long-stemmed azalea cuttings, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, which can promote the nutritional growth of cuttings and improve the survival rate of cuttings after rooting. The present invention does not specifically limit the specific source of waste rock wool. As an implementable method, waste rock wool such as tomato rock wool cultivation, melon crop rock wool cultivation, and strawberry rock wool cultivation can be used.

[0026] The cuttings of the present invention are preferably semi-lignified branches of the current year of Rhododendron longipes; and the mother plants from which the cuttings are collected are further preferably healthy and free of diseases and insect pests.

[0027] The present invention preferably has a cutting length of 8-12 cm, more preferably 10 cm; retains 2-4 leaf buds and top leaves, more preferably including 3 leaf buds and top leaves; more preferably, the top leaves are cut off 1 / 3-1 / 2, which not only ensures that the cuttings can photosynthesize, but also avoids consuming too much nutrients and water. Figure 1 shown.

[0028] In addition to the type and concentration of exogenous hormones in the rooting solution, the treatment time also affects the rooting of the cuttings. In the present invention, the preferred treatment time for the rooting solution is 1-3 hours, and more preferably 2 hours.

[0029] The present invention preferably has a water content of 50-70% for the cutting medium, more preferably 60%, and a thickness of ≥15 cm.

[0030] The present invention preferably disinfects the cutting substrate by spraying 0.1-0.3% potassium permanganate solution and 0.1% carbendazim 800-1200 times solution for disinfection; further preferably, 0.2% potassium permanganate solution and 0.1% carbendazim 1000 times solution for disinfection.

[0031] The present invention preferably carries out cuttings in mid-June to early July.

[0032] The preferred cutting depth of the present invention is 3-5 cm, which is adjusted according to the length of the cuttings to ensure that the leaf buds and leaves of the cuttings are exposed to the cutting medium. As an implementation method, a small wooden stick of the same size as the cuttings is selected, a small hole is punched in the cutting medium, and the cuttings are then inserted into the small hole to avoid damage to the cuttings.

[0033] The present invention preferably adopts a rooting culture temperature of 18-28°C, more preferably 22-25°C; an air humidity of 60%-80%, more preferably 70%; natural light, shading for 2-3 hours at noon, more preferably shading of 70%, and no shading on cloudy or rainy days.

[0034] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A cutting propagation method for long-stalked azalea comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) From mid-June to early July, collect semi-lignified branches of Rhododendron longipes from the current year and cut them into 10 cm long cuttings. Keep the leaf buds on the cuttings, leave 3 leaves at the top, and cut off 1 / 2 of the leaves.

[0038] (2) Prepare rooting solution with the active ingredients of gibberellin GA3 150 mg / L + salicylic acid SA 80 mg / L; immerse the base of the cuttings in the rooting solution for 2 h;

[0039] (3) Prepare the cutting medium, which consists of waste rock wool, vermiculite and coconut coir in a volume ratio of 2:1:1, with a water content of 60% and a depth of 15 cm. The waste rock wool is the waste rock wool from tomato rock wool cultivation, which is crushed to a particle size of 0.15 mm and rinsed with tap water until the EC value is 1.0 ds·m -1 After mixing the matrix, spray disinfectant with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution and 0.1% carbendazim 1000 times solution;

[0040] (4) Use a small wooden stick of the same thickness as the cuttings to make a small hole in the cutting medium to a depth of 4 cm. Take the soaked cuttings and insert them into the small hole, ensuring that the leaf buds and leaves are exposed to the cutting medium.

[0041] (5) After the cuttings are completed, the temperature is controlled at 18-28℃, the air humidity is 60%-80%, natural light is provided, shade is provided for 2-3 hours at noon, the shade degree is 70%, and no shading is provided on cloudy or rainy days.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A cutting propagation method for long-stalked azalea comprises the following steps:

[0044] (1) From mid-June to early July, collect semi-lignified branches of Rhododendron longipes from the current year and cut them into 8 cm long cuttings, retaining leaf buds and leaving two leaves at the top;

[0045] (2) Prepare rooting solution with the active ingredients of gibberellin GA3 100 mg / L + salicylic acid SA 60 mg / L; immerse the base of the cuttings in the rooting solution for 3 hours;

[0046] (3) Prepare the cutting medium, which consists of waste rock wool, vermiculite and coconut coir in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, with a water content of 70% and a depth of 15 cm. The waste rock wool is the waste rock wool from watermelon rock wool cultivation, which is crushed to a particle size of 0.2 mm and rinsed with tap water until the EC value is 1.2 ds·m -1 After mixing the matrix, spray disinfectant with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution and 0.1% carbendazim 800 times diluted solution;

[0047] (4) Use a small wooden stick of the same thickness as the cuttings to make a small hole in the cutting medium to a depth of 3 cm. Take the soaked cuttings and insert them into the small hole, ensuring that the leaf buds and leaves are exposed to the cutting medium.

[0048] (5) After the cuttings are completed, the temperature is controlled at 18-28℃, the air humidity is 60%-80%, natural light is provided, shade is provided for 2-3 hours at noon, the shade degree is 70%, and no shading is provided on cloudy or rainy days.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A cutting propagation method for long-stalked azalea comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) From mid-June to early July, collect semi-lignified branches of Rhododendron longipes from the current year and cut them into 12 cm long cuttings. Keep the leaf buds on the cuttings, leave 4 leaves at the top, and cut off 1 / 3 of the leaves.

[0052] (2) Prepare rooting solution with the active ingredients of gibberellin GA3 200 mg / L + salicylic acid SA 100 mg / L; immerse the base of the cuttings in the rooting solution for 1 hour;

[0053] (3) Prepare the cutting medium, which consists of waste rock wool, vermiculite and coconut coir in a volume ratio of 5:3:3, with a water content of 50% and a depth of 15 cm. The waste rock wool is waste rock wool from strawberry rock wool cultivation, which is crushed to a particle size of 0.1 mm and rinsed with tap water until the EC value is 0.8 ds·m -1 After mixing the matrix, spray with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution and 0.1% carbendazim 1200 times diluted solution for disinfection;

[0054] (4) Use a small wooden stick of the same thickness as the cuttings to poke a small hole in the cutting medium to a depth of 5 cm. Take the soaked cuttings and insert them into the small hole, ensuring that the leaf buds and leaves are exposed to the cutting medium.

[0055] (5) After the cuttings are completed, the temperature is controlled at 18-28℃, the air humidity is 60%-80%, natural light is provided, shade is provided for 2-3 hours at noon, the shade degree is 70%, and no shading is provided on cloudy or rainy days.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] Effects of different rooting solution treatments on the rooting of Rhododendron longipes cuttings

[0058] On June 30, at the azalea plantation of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, healthy, disease-free long-stemmed azalea was used as the mother plant. Semi-lignified branches of the current year were collected and cut into 8 cm long cuttings. The leaf buds and the top three leaves were retained, and 1 / 2 of the leaves were cut off.

[0059] Different rooting solutions were prepared, including clean water (CK), GA3 rooting solution, SA rooting solution, and a mixture of GA3 and SA at varying concentrations (see Table 1). The base of the cuttings was immersed in the rooting solution for 2 hours. After soaking, the cuttings were planted using a medium consisting of waste rockwool: vermiculite: coconut coir at a ratio of 2:1:1. After planting, the temperature was 18-28°C, the humidity was 60%-80%, and the conditions were natural light. After two months, the rooting rate and root quality of each treatment were analyzed. Twenty cuttings were used for each treatment, with three replicates.

[0060] Table 1 Effects of different rooting solutions on the rooting of Rhododendron longipes cuttings

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Table 1 shows that exogenous hormone treatment significantly improved the rooting of R. longipes cuttings, but different exogenous hormone treatments had different effects on the rooting rate. Treatment of cuttings with a mixed rooting solution of GA3 and SA was superior to treatments with CK or GA3 or SA alone, but the synergistic effect was not significant at too high or too low concentrations.

[0064] Example 5

[0065] Effects of different cutting media on rooting of Rhododendron longipes cuttings

[0066] On June 30, at the azalea plantation of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, healthy, disease-free long-stemmed azalea was used as the mother plant. Semi-lignified branches of the current year were collected and cut into 8 cm long cuttings. The leaf buds and the top three leaves were retained, and 1 / 2 of the leaves were cut off.

[0067] Prepare a rooting solution containing 150 mg / L gibberellin GA3 and 80 mg / L salicylic acid SA. Immerse the base of the cuttings in the rooting solution for 2 hours. After soaking, plant the cuttings. The cutting medium preparation is shown in Table 2.

[0068] After cutting, the temperature was 18-28℃, the air humidity was 60%-80%, and the light was natural. After 2 months, the rooting rate and rooting quality of each treatment were calculated. After 4 months, the growth characteristics of the cuttings were calculated. Each treatment had 20 cuttings, and there were 3 replicates.

[0069] Table 2 Cutting medium composition and ratio

[0070] deal with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Waste rock wool (units) 1 — — 1 2 3 4 5 Vermiculite (parts) — 1 — 2 3 1 2 3 Coconut peat (portion) — — 1 2 3 3 2 1

[0071] Table 3 Effects of different substrates on rooting and growth of Rhododendron longipes cuttings

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Table 3 shows that the cutting medium significantly affects the rooting and growth of R. longipes cuttings. The combination of the three media performed better than any single medium alone. Treatments 6, 7, and 8 significantly outperformed the other cutting media, significantly increasing the rooting rate and quality of R. longipes cuttings and significantly improving the vegetative growth of the cuttings. Treatment 7 was particularly effective.

[0075] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for propagating Rhododendron longipes by cuttings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Cuttings of long-stalked azalea are cut, bases of the cuttings are soaked in rooting liquid, and after soaking, the cuttings are inserted into a cutting medium for rooting culture; the rooting liquid is 100-200 mg / L of gibberellin GA3+60-100 mg / L of salicylic acid SA; and the cutting medium consists of 3-5 parts of waste rock wool, 1-3 parts of vermiculite, and 1-3 parts of coconut husks in parts by volume.

2. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1, wherein: The cuttings are semi-lignified branches of Rhododendron longipes that are grown in the current year.

3. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1, wherein The cuttings are 8-12 cm long, and retain leaf buds and 2-4 top leaves.

4. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 3, wherein: Cut off 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the top leaves.

5. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1, wherein: The soaking treatment time is 1-3 hours.

6. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1, wherein: The cutting medium has a moisture content of 50-70% and a thickness of ≥15 cm.

7. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The cutting substrate is disinfected by spraying 0.1-0.3% potassium permanganate solution and 0.1% carbendazim 800-1200 times solution for disinfection.

8. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1, wherein: The cuttings are carried out from mid-June to early July.

9. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1, wherein: The cutting depth is 3-5 cm.

10. The cutting propagation method of Rhododendron longipedum according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the rooting culture, the temperature is 18-28° C., the air humidity is 60%-80%, the sunlight is natural, and the shade is provided for 2-3 hours at noon.

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