A preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere and its application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere and its application, belonging to the technical field of soil conditioning. The raw materials of the preparation include oxalic acid, sucrose and DMPP. During the peanut rosette stage, the above preparation is added with water to prepare a solution containing 100-120 g / L of oxalic acid, 10-12 g / L of sucrose and 2.0-2.5 g / L of DMPP, and is applied to the field by drip irrigation under film with a dosage of 500-600 L / hm<supgt;2< / supgt;. The preparation of the present invention can significantly increase the total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents in peanut rhizosphere, regulate the effective supply of soil nitrogen in peanut rhizosphere, improve peanut yield, and has positive significance for realizing weight loss and efficiency increase in peanut production, promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture and ensuring the national grain and oil supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioning, and specifically relates to a preparation and method for soil nutrient conditioning, and in particular to a composite preparation capable of significantly changing nitrogen conversion in peanut rhizosphere soil and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nitrogen, as an essential nutrient for plant growth, is not only an important structural substance in plants, but also the main component of biological enzymes, the most active substances regulating physiological metabolism. It plays an important role in plant growth and physiological metabolism. On the other hand, nitrogen is an important factor limiting plant growth and yield formation. Many studies have reported the effects of different nitrogen forms on crop growth, development, and yield quality.

[0003] Nitrogen in the soil is divided into organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen. Among them, inorganic nitrogen is divided into ammonium nitrogen (NH + 4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N); organic nitrogen occupies most of the total nitrogen in the soil, but most of the organic nitrogen cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. It needs to be converted into inorganic nitrogen before it can be absorbed and utilized by plants. Its conversion is mainly converted into ammonium nitrogen by microorganisms through mineralization, and then oxidized into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen through nitrification. Ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are the main forms of inorganic nitrogen absorbed and utilized by plants.

[0004] Peanuts are important cash crops and oil crops in my country, and they play an important role in ensuring the safety of edible oils, adjusting the structure of the planting industry, and promoting farmers' income. Appropriate soil nitrogen supply can improve the physiological function of peanut leaves, promote dry matter accumulation, increase yield, and improve quality, which is crucial to the growth and development of peanuts; while uncoordinated soil nitrogen supply can easily lead to soil structure damage, reduced fertilizer utilization, increased environmental pollution, and reduced peanut yield and quality, which seriously limits the continued increase in peanut production and efficiency and ecological safety.

[0005] Therefore, if effective measures can be taken to regulate the transformation of soil nitrogen so that its effectiveness can be maintained at a high level and for a longer period of time during the growth process of peanuts, it will be of great significance for reducing the amount of fertilizer and increasing its efficiency, promoting green and sustainable agricultural development, and ensuring the country's grain and oil supply. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation capable of regulating the nitrogen conversion in the rhizosphere of peanuts and an application method thereof, so as to effectively regulate the nitrogen form of peanuts, improve the effectiveness and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers, and provide technical support for achieving weight loss and efficiency improvement in peanut production, promoting green and sustainable development of agriculture, and ensuring the national grain and oil supply.

[0007] To achieve the above technical objectives, through extensive experimental research and unremitting efforts, the present inventors finally obtained the following technical solution:

[0008] A preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere, which contains oxalic acid, sucrose and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). On the premise of ensuring that peanuts can achieve a certain nitrogen transformation in the rhizosphere, the raw materials of the preparation of the present invention can be composed of oxalic acid, sucrose and DMPP.

[0009] Further preferably, for the preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere as described above, the raw materials of the preparation include 50-60 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 5-6 parts by weight of sucrose and 1-1.5 parts by weight of DMPP. Even more preferably, the raw materials of the preparation are composed of 50-60 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 5-6 parts by weight of sucrose and 1-1.5 parts by weight of DMPP. Even more preferably, the raw materials of the preparation are composed of 50-55 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 5-6 parts by weight of sucrose and 1-1.3 parts by weight of DMPP.

[0010] In the process of studying the nitrogen-efficient mechanism of the maize-peanut intercropping system, the present inventors found that the concentrations of substances such as oxalic acid, sucrose and inositol changed significantly under the maize-peanut intercropping system. In the further study of the effects of these substances on different nitrogen forms in peanut rhizosphere, it was found that the above three substances could effectively regulate the activities of nitrogen transformation enzymes and nitrogen transformation at appropriate concentrations. Based on this discovery, the present inventors compounded and added the above substances at appropriate concentrations to make a compound preparation and screened out the best compounding scheme. Considering the regulatory effect of the compound preparation on nitrogen transformation, the present inventors tried to add a nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) and achieved good implementation effects, and finally established a preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere and its application method in the process of peanut production management.

[0011] The present invention provides an application method for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere, including: at the peanut bunching stage, adding water to the above preparation to prepare a solution containing 100-120 g / L of oxalic acid, 10-12 g / L of sucrose and 2.0-2.5 g / L of DMPP, and applying it to the field by drip irrigation under plastic film at a dosage of 500-600 L / hm 2 preferably, and irrigating 150-225 m of water per hectare in combination; 3 ;

[0012] In areas without drip irrigation conditions, at the peanut bunching stage, the above preparation can be added with water to prepare a solution containing 100-120 g / L of oxalic acid, 10-12 g / L of sucrose and 2.0-2.5 g / L of DMPP, and then diluted with water by more than 10 times and sprayed on the peanut roots.

[0013] Further preferably, the present invention does not make any limitation on specific peanut varieties, planting methods and growth period management measures, and it can be carried out according to the conventional management methods in each place.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of a preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere and its application method provided by the present invention are as follows: it can effectively regulate the activity of nitrogen transformation enzymes and nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere, enable the applied nitrogen source to exist in an effective form for a long time, thereby providing effective nitrogen for the continuous growth of peanuts, significantly increasing peanut yield, and having positive significance for realizing the reduction of fertilizer application and increase of efficiency in peanut production, promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture and ensuring the national grain and oil supply. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 Effects of different addition treatments in Example 2 on the total nitrogen content of peanut rhizosphere soil; Note: lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level; "★" represents the most ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment; "◆" represents the relatively ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment.

[0016] Figure 2 Effects of different addition treatments in Example 2 on the ammonium nitrogen content of peanut rhizosphere soil; Note: lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level; "★" represents the most ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment; "◆" represents the relatively ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment.

[0017] Figure 3 Effects of different addition treatments in Example 2 on the nitrate nitrogen content of peanut rhizosphere soil; Note: lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level; "★" represents the most ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment; "◆" represents the relatively ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment.

[0018] Figure 4 Effects of different addition treatments in Example 3 on the total nitrogen content of peanut rhizosphere soil; Note: lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level.

[0019] Figure 5 Effects of different addition treatments in Example 3 on the nitrate nitrogen content of peanut rhizosphere soil; Note: lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level.

[0020] Figure 6Effect of different addition treatments in Example 3 on soil ammonium nitrogen content; Note: lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level.

[0021] Figure 7 Effect of different addition treatments in Example 3 on peanut yield; Note: lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level; "★" indicates the most ideal treatment; "◆" indicates a relatively ideal treatment.

[0022] Figure 8 Indoor cultivation process of the addition experiment in Example 2.

[0023] Figure 9 Growth status of peanut plants in the addition experiment of Example 2.

[0024] Figure 10 Sample collection for the addition experiment in Example 2. Detailed implementation mode

[0025] The above content of the present invention will be further described in detail below by way of examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. In addition, the experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0026] Example 1: Single preparation application concentration and implementation effect test

[0027] A pot experiment was conducted in a plastic pot with a height of 23.5 cm and a diameter of 14.5 cm. The collected loam and sandy soil were mixed in a ratio of 2:1 and then potted. The weight of the soil in each pot was the same. The addition experiment of inositol, sucrose and oxalic acid was designed. Each added substance was set at 0, 0.5, 1 and 10, with a total of 4 concentration gradients. Each treatment was repeated 5 times and arranged in random blocks. All root exudates were normalized according to the carbon content standard. The results of Yin et al. (Yin H, Li Y, Xiao J, Xu Z, Cheng X, Liu Q. Enhanced root exudation stimulates soil nitrogen transformations in a subalpine coniferous forest under experimental warming. Glob Chang Biol. 2013 Jul; 19 (7): 2158-67. doi: 10.1111 / gcb.12161. Epub 2013Apr 18.PMID:23504744.) method was used to determine the natural exudation rate of peanut root organic matter. The amount of organic matter enriched in the process of collecting root exudates was converted into the amount of material added. The amount collected in 2 days was converted into the amount of material added for 1 gradient. On the basis of 1 gradient treatment, the corresponding material was reduced or increased to prepare 0.5 and 10 gradient treatments, respectively. The amount of each material added after conversion was 0, 0.05 g / pot, 0.1 g / pot and 1 g / pot, marked as CK. Deionized sterilized water was added to each gradient treatment to adjust the volume of irrigation solution to the same volume. Root exudates were added once at the clustering stage (about 40 days after sowing).

[0028] After watering with root secretions, the peanut plants were cultivated for 30 days. After cultivation, destructive sampling was performed to remove the soil that was not tightly attached to the peanut rhizosphere, and then a sterile brush was used to collect the tightly attached soil to obtain the standard peanut rhizosphere soil. After the samples were collected, they were sealed with sterile sealing bags, quickly placed in liquid nitrogen, and brought back to the laboratory for determination of nitrogen conversion-related enzyme activities and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents. The main test results are as follows:

[0029] Table 1 Effects of different concentrations of substance addition on nitrogen conversion enzyme activity in peanut rhizosphere soil

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level; lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P<0.01 level; “★” indicates the most ideal substance and dose treatment; “◆” indicates a relatively ideal substance and dose treatment.

[0033] Based on this embodiment, it can be found that:

[0034] Oxalic acid at 1 g / pot can significantly increase the activity of soil protease. Soil protease can participate in the transformation of amino acids, proteins, and other organic compounds containing protein nitrogen present in the soil, and their hydrolysis products are important nitrogen sources for higher plants.

[0035] Inositol at 1 g / pot can significantly increase the activity of soil nitrate reductase. Soil nitrate reductase can catalyze the reduction of nitrates in the soil to nitrites and is a key enzyme for the reduction of soil nitrate nitrogen. The determination of its activity is of great significance for rational fertilization and reducing nitrogen loss.

[0036] Inositol at 0.1 g / pot can significantly increase the activity of soil nitrite reductase. Nitrite reductase is a key enzyme in denitrification and can catalyze the reduction of nitrites to nitric oxide. Its activity can reflect the nitrogen transformation efficiency during the biodegradation process.

[0037] Inositol at 0.1 g / pot can significantly increase the activity of soil hydroxylamine reductase. Hydroxylamine reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of hydroxylamine and can reduce the intermediate product hydroxylamine formed during the nitrogen metabolism in the soil to ammonia. The strength of its activity affects the ammonia volatilization loss of nitrogen during the soil nitrogen metabolism process and indirectly affects the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers.

[0038] Sucrose at 0.1 g / pot can significantly reduce the activity of soil urease. The main function of urease is to promote the decomposition of urea, which can decompose urea into ammonium carbonate and then dissociate into ammonia (NH3) and carbonic acid. However, when a large amount of urea is applied and the crop cannot absorb and utilize it in time or exceeds the soil holding capacity, there will be excessive free ammonia leading to volatilization loss.

[0039] In summary, through the screening of single substances and their application concentrations, we believe that oxalic acid at 1 g / pot, inositol at 0.1 g / pot, and sucrose can effectively regulate soil enzyme activity and thus regulate the soil nitrogen transformation process.

[0040] Example 2: Screening of compound preparation formula and implementation effect test

[0041] To clarify the regulatory effect of the compound preparations of the above substances on soil nitrogen transformation, based on the optimal concentrations screened in Example 1, we further carried out compound experiments on the substances. The main implementation process is as follows:

[0042] A pot experiment was carried out using plastic pots with a height of 23.5 cm and a diameter of 14.5 cm. The collected loam and sand were mixed in a ratio of 2:1 and filled into the pots, with the same weight of soil in each pot. A compound addition experiment of inositol, sucrose and oxalic acid was designed, with no addition as the control (CK), and T1: 1 g / pot oxalic acid + 0.1 g / pot sucrose, T2: 1 g / pot oxalic acid + 0.1 g / pot inositol, T3: 0.1 g / pot sucrose + 0.1 g / pot inositol, T4: 1 g / pot oxalic acid + 0.1 g / pot sucrose + 0.1 g / pot inositol were set up, a total of 4 treatments, with 5 replicates for each treatment, and arranged in a randomized block design. The irrigation solution of each gradient treatment was adjusted to the same volume by adding deionized sterilized water, and root exudates were added once at the rosette stage (about 35 - 45 days after sowing).

[0043] After irrigating with root exudates, the peanut plants were cultured for another 30 days. After the culture ended, destructive sampling was carried out. The soil that was not tightly attached to the peanut rhizosphere was removed, and then the soil that was tightly attached was collected using a sterile brush to obtain the peanut rhizosphere soil. After the samples were collected, they were wrapped and sealed with a sterile sealable bag and quickly placed in liquid nitrogen, and then taken back to the laboratory for determination of the activities of nitrogen transformation-related enzymes and the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.

[0044] Based on this example, it can be found that the treatment of T1 (1 g / pot oxalic acid + 0.1 g / pot sucrose) can significantly improve the activities of protease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in peanut rhizosphere soil, and can significantly reduce the urease activity (Table 2). It can be seen that 1 g / pot oxalic acid + 0.1 g / pot sucrose is most conducive to adjusting the activities of nitrogen transformation enzymes in peanut rhizosphere and the nitrogen transformation in the soil rhizosphere.

[0045] Table 2 Effects of different addition treatments on the activities of nitrogen transformation enzymes in peanut rhizosphere soil

[0046]

[0047] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.01 level; "★" indicates the most ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment; "◆" indicates a relatively ideal implementation substance and dosage treatment.

[0048] To clarify the specific effects of each preparation on nitrogen transformation, we further measured the contents of different forms of nitrogen in peanut rhizosphere soil. Comparative analysis found that the treatments of T1 (1 g / pot oxalic acid + 0.1 g / pot sucrose), T2 (1 g / pot oxalic acid + 0.1 g / pot inositol) and T3 (0.1 g / pot sucrose + 0.1 g / pot inositol) all significantly increased the total nitrogen content in peanut rhizosphere soil compared with CK, with increases of 23.19%, 17.39% and 21.74% respectively compared with CK, but the treatment of T1 had the best effect ( Figure 1 ).

[0049] In terms of the soil ammonium nitrogen content, there were no significant differences between each addition treatment and the control (CK). Figure 2 )

[0050] In terms of the soil nitrate nitrogen content, each treatment significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen content in the peanut rhizosphere soil compared with CK, and the T1 and T4 treatments were extremely significantly higher than CK. The T1 - T4 treatments increased by 26.56%, 8.27%, 10.00% and 20.13% respectively compared with CK, and the T1 treatment had the best effect. Figure 3 )

[0051] Example 3: Field application and implementation effect test

[0052] The oxalic acid + sucrose composite preparation screened by the present invention can significantly improve the activities of protease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in the peanut rhizosphere soil, reduce the urease activity, and significantly increase the total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents in the peanut rhizosphere soil. However, too high a nitrate nitrogen concentration in the soil is prone to leaching, resulting in nitrogen loss and reduced nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. Therefore, we carried out a nitrification inhibitor addition test on the basis of the oxalic acid + sucrose composite preparation, and the main implementation process is as follows:

[0053] This example was carried out in the field. The soil texture was mortar black soil with uniform soil fertility. The basic nutrient contents in the 0 - 20 cm soil layer were as follows: organic matter 18.38 g / kg, available nitrogen 77.12 mg / kg, available phosphorus 45.58 mg / kg, available potassium 78.69 mg / kg, pH 7.06. Peanuts were planted by ridging and mulching. The ridge width was 90 cm, with two rows on one ridge. The small row spacing on the ridge was 35 cm, the hole spacing was 16 cm, and 2 seeds were planted in each hole. 900 kg of compound fertilizer (N - P2O5 - K2O: 15 - 15 - 15) was applied per hectare. The peanut variety under test was 'Qinghua No. 6'. The test used no addition as the control (CK), and T1: oxalic acid + sucrose, T2: CK + DMPP, T3: oxalic acid + sucrose + DMPP were set, with a total of 4 treatments. Each plot had 4 ridges, 8 m long, and was designed in a randomized block with 3 replicates. The test was sown on May 7, 2022 and harvested on September 13, and other management was the same as that of conventional field production.

[0054] At the bunching stage (45 days after sowing), the composite preparation was added by drip irrigation. CK was a single irrigation water treatment. For T1: 144 g of oxalic acid and 14.4 g of sucrose were irrigated with water in each plot. For T2: 2.88 g of DMPP was irrigated with water in each plot. For T3: 144 kg of oxalic acid, 14.4 g of sucrose and 2.88 g of DMPP were irrigated with water in each plot. Each treatment controlled the irrigation time to keep the irrigation amount consistent.

[0055] Comparative analysis found that: during the flowering and pegging stage of peanuts, the total nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of peanuts under treatments T1 and T3 was extremely significantly higher than that of CK, increasing by 10.57% and 24.39% respectively; during the pod-setting stage of peanuts, the total nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of treatments T1, T2, and T3 was significantly higher than that of CK, but only T3 had an extremely significant difference from it, increasing by 17.76% compared to CK; by the mature stage of peanuts, the total nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil under treatment T3 was significantly higher than that of the other treatments, increasing by 8.42 - 11.96% compared to them( Figure 4 ).

[0056] In terms of the soil nitrate nitrogen content, during the flowering and pegging stage of peanuts, the nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere of peanuts under treatment T3 was significantly higher than that of CK, T1, and T2, increasing by 12.19%, 7.00%, and 17.49% respectively; during the pod-setting stage of peanuts, treatments T1 and T3 significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of peanuts compared to CK, and treatment T3 had an extremely significant difference from CK, increasing by 17.53%; at the mature stage of peanuts, the nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of peanuts under treatment T3 was still significantly higher than that of CK, T1, and T2, increasing by 23.49 - 36.53%( Figure 5 ).

[0057] In terms of the soil ammonium nitrogen content, during the flowering and pegging stage of peanuts, only the ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere of peanuts under treatment T1 was significantly lower than that of CK; during the pod-setting stage of peanuts, the ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere of peanuts under treatments T1 and T3 was significantly lower than that of CK, decreasing by 11.11% and 9.94% respectively; at the mature stage of peanuts, there was no significant difference in the ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere of peanuts under each treatment( Figure 6 ).

[0058] In terms of peanut yield, the peanut yield under treatment T3 was extremely significantly higher than that of CK, significantly higher than those of treatments T1 and T2, increasing by 15.05%, 6.69%, and 11.01% respectively compared to them, the peanut yield under treatment T1 was significantly higher than that of CK, increasing by 7.84% compared to it, but there was no significant difference between treatments T2 and CK( Figure 7 ).

[0059] In summary, among different addition treatments, treatment T3 (oxalic acid + sucrose + DMPP) is more conducive to improving the total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in the peanut rhizosphere, regulating the effective supply of nitrogen in the peanut rhizosphere soil, increasing peanut yield, and has positive significance for promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture and ensuring the national grain and oil supply.

Claims

1. A preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere, characterized in that, The raw materials of the preparation consist of 50 - 60 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 5 - 6 parts by weight of sucrose, and 1 - 1.5 parts by weight of DMPP.

2. The preparation for regulating nitrogen transformation in peanut rhizosphere according to claim 1, wherein The raw materials of the preparation consist of 50 - 55 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 5 - 6 parts by weight of sucrose, and 1 - 1.3 parts by weight of DMPP.

3. A method for regulating nitrogen transformation in the peanut rhizosphere, characterized in that, The method includes any one of the following steps: At the peanut rosette stage, the preparation described in claim 1 is added with water to prepare a solution containing 100 - 120 g / L of oxalic acid, 10 - 12 g / L of sucrose and 2.0 - 2.5 g / L of DMPP, and is applied to the field by sub - surface drip irrigation at a rate of 500 - 600 L / hm 2 , and 150 - 225 m of irrigation water is applied per hectare 3 ; Alternatively, during the peanut rosette stage, the preparation described in claim 1 is mixed with water to form a solution containing 100 - 120 g / L of oxalic acid, 10 - 12 g / L of sucrose, and 2.0 - 2.5 g / L of DMPP, and then diluted with water by more than 10 times and sprayed on the peanut roots.

4. Use of the preparation according to claim 1 or 2 in regulating nitrogen transformation in the peanut rhizosphere.

5. The application according to claim 4, wherein At the peanut rosette stage, the preparation is mixed with water to prepare a solution containing 100 - 120 g / L of oxalic acid, 10 - 12 g / L of sucrose, and 2.0 - 2.5 g / L of DMPP, and is applied to the field by sub - surface drip irrigation at a rate of 500 - 600 L / hm 2 , and 150 - 225 m of irrigation water is applied per hectare 3 .

6. The application according to claim 4, wherein During the peanut rosette stage, the preparation is mixed with water to form a solution containing 100 - 120 g / L of oxalic acid, 10 - 12 g / L of sucrose, and 2.0 - 2.5 g / L of DMPP, and then diluted with water by more than 10 times and sprayed on the peanut roots.

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