A locking anchor structure and its construction method

Abstract

This invention relates to a locking anchor structure and its construction method, comprising: a receiving component, the receiving component including a first sidewall plane facing the tunnel face, an upper steel frame fixed to one end of the receiving component, and a lower steel frame fixed to the other end; and a first anchor rod, one end of the first anchor rod being fixed to the first sidewall plane, and the other end being used to fix it to the inner sidewall of the tunnel. The first sidewall plane and the first anchor rod can be welded outside the tunnel. Anchor rod holes are opened inside the tunnel to fix the first anchor rod. Subsequently, the upper and lower steel frames are fixed to the receiving component. This receiving component can replace part of the steel frame to form a new surrounding rock support, forming an integral whole with its upper and lower steel frames, resulting in reasonable stress distribution, reliable structure, and stronger bearing capacity. It solves the problems of limited welding space, high operation difficulty, and low welding efficiency of traditional locking anchor rods located between the steel frame and the tunnel face.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering, and in particular to a locking anchor structure and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] When the surrounding rock geological conditions are poor, a steel frame must be immediately installed after the underground cavern excavation to ensure its stability. After the excavated portion of the steel frame is installed, it cannot be immediately sealed into a ring. Measures such as lowering the steel frame to the bottom can be taken to prevent subsidence. When the surrounding rock is poor or the cavern is being excavated at an angle, the steel frame cannot be lowered immediately. Reliable anchoring measures must be taken to ensure the steel frame does not subside. The anchoring method involves driving 1-2 anchor bolts into the inclined rock layer at the bottom of the steel frame. These anchor bolts are reliably connected to the steel frame to prevent subsidence. The connection between the anchor bolts and the steel frame directly affects the stability and safety of the cavern. Therefore, the connection between the anchor bolts and the steel frame must be immediate and reliable.

[0003] In related technologies, traditional tunnel anchor bolts are spot-welded to the steel frame, resulting in unreliable anchor bolt connection, damage to the steel frame, and inability to form an integral whole with the steel frame, leading to unreasonable stress. At the same time, when anchor bolts close to the tunnel face are welded to the steel frame, the welding space is narrow, the operation is difficult, and the welding efficiency is greatly reduced. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a locking anchor structure and its construction method to solve the problems in related technologies, such as the locking anchor being spot-welded to the steel frame, resulting in unreliable connection of the locking anchor, damage to the steel frame, inability to form an integral whole with the steel frame, and unreasonable stress; at the same time, when the locking anchor near the tunnel face is welded to the steel frame, the welding space is narrow, the operation is difficult, and the welding efficiency is greatly reduced.

[0005] Firstly, a locking anchor structure is provided, comprising:

[0006] The receiving component includes a first sidewall plane facing the tunnel face, and an upper steel frame is fixed to one end of the receiving component, and a lower steel frame is fixed to the other end of the receiving component.

[0007] The first anchor rod has one end fixed to the plane of the first sidewall, and the other end is used to fix it to the inner sidewall of the tunnel.

[0008] In some embodiments, the receiving component further includes:

[0009] The second sidewall plane and the first sidewall plane constitute the two opposite sides of the receiving component;

[0010] The second anchor rod has one end fixed to the plane of the second sidewall, and the other end is used to fix it to the inner sidewall of the hole.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first anchor bolt and the second anchor bolt have different inclination angles along the horizontal plane.

[0012] In some embodiments, the receiving component further includes:

[0013] Four receiving plates are welded and fixed together to form a cavity that runs through the ground along the height direction, and the outer side wall of one of the receiving plates forms the first side wall plane.

[0014] One end of each of the four support plates is fixed to the same top plate, and the other end is fixed to the same bottom plate.

[0015] A first connecting plate is fixed to one end of the upper steel frame, and a second connecting plate is fixed to one end of the lower steel frame. The first connecting plate is bolted to the top plate, and the second connecting plate is bolted to the bottom plate.

[0016] Secondly, a construction method for a locking anchor structure is provided, which includes the following steps:

[0017] A first anchor hole is drilled in the inner sidewall of the tunnel, and a first anchor rod with a supporting component is poured and fixed into the first anchor hole, so that the first sidewall plane of the supporting component faces the tunnel face; wherein, the first anchor rod is fixed to the first sidewall plane.

[0018] After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the bottom of the upper steel frame is fixed to the top of the supporting components.

[0019] In some embodiments, after excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, before fixing the bottom end of the upper steel frame to the top of the receiving component, the process includes:

[0020] A second anchor hole is drilled in the inner side wall of the tunnel. One end of the second anchor rod is welded and fixed to the second side wall plane of the receiving component, and the other end of the second anchor rod is poured into the second anchor hole to fix it. The second side wall plane and the first side wall plane constitute the opposite sides of the receiving component.

[0021] In some embodiments, after excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, and fixing the bottom end of the upper steel frame to the top of the receiving component, the process includes:

[0022] After excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the top of the lower steel frame is fixed to the bottom of the supporting component.

[0023] In some embodiments, the step of drilling a first anchor hole in the inner sidewall of the tunnel and casting and fixing a first anchor rod with a receiving component into the first anchor hole, so that the first sidewall plane of the receiving component faces the tunnel face, includes:

[0024] Four support plates are welded and fixed in sequence outside the hole; among them, a cavity is formed between the four support plates, which runs through the ground level.

[0025] Outside the hole, one end of the first anchor rod is welded and fixed to the side wall of one of the receiving plates, and the other end is cast and fixed in the first anchor hole; wherein, the side wall of the receiving plate welded and fixed to the first anchor rod forms the first side wall plane.

[0026] In some embodiments, after excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the bottom end of the upper steel frame is fixed to the top end of the receiving component, including:

[0027] The first connecting plate is welded and fixed to the bottom of the upper steel frame outside the hole;

[0028] Outside the cavity, weld one end of the four welded support plates to the top plate to seal one end of the cavity opening;

[0029] After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the first connecting plate was bolted to the top plate.

[0030] In some embodiments, after excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the top of the lower steel frame is fixed to the bottom of the receiving component, including:

[0031] The second connecting plate is welded and fixed to the top of the lower steel frame outside the hole;

[0032] Outside the cavity, the other ends of the four welded support plates are welded and fixed to the base plate to seal the other end of the cavity opening;

[0033] After excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the second connecting plate was bolted to the base plate.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention include: the first sidewall plane of the receiving component and the first anchor rod can be welded and assembled outside the tunnel. When it is necessary to support and fix the inside of the tunnel, it is only necessary to open the corresponding anchor rod holes in the tunnel to complete the fixing of the first anchor rod to the tunnel body. Subsequently, the upper steel frame and the lower steel frame can be fixed to the corresponding ends of the receiving component. This receiving component can replace part of the steel frame to form a new rock support device, forming an integral whole with its upper and lower steel frames. It has reasonable stress distribution, reliable structure, and stronger bearing capacity. At the same time, it solves the problems of small welding operation space, high operation difficulty, and low welding efficiency when the traditional locking anchor rod is located between the steel frame and the tunnel face. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the anchor bolt structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a top view of the receiving component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a front view structural diagram of the receiving component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Receiving component; 11. First sidewall plane; 12. Second sidewall plane; 13. Receiving plate; 14. Chamber; 2. Upper steel frame; 21. First connecting plate; 3. Lower steel frame; 31. Second connecting plate; 4. First anchor bolt; 5. Second anchor bolt; 6. Top plate; 7. Bottom plate; 8. Tunnel face; 9. Inner sidewall of the tunnel. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] This invention provides a locking anchor structure and its construction method to solve the problems in related technologies, such as the locking anchor being spot-welded to the steel frame, resulting in unreliable connection of the locking anchor, damage to the steel frame, inability to form an integral whole with the steel frame, and unreasonable stress; at the same time, when the locking anchor near the tunnel face is welded to the steel frame, the welding space is narrow, the operation is difficult, and the welding efficiency is greatly reduced.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a locking anchor structure, which may include: a receiving component 1, the receiving component 1 including a first sidewall plane 11, the first sidewall plane 11 facing the tunnel face 8. It should be understood that "facing the tunnel face 8" here means that the first sidewall plane 11 faces the tunnel face 8 when the locking anchor structure is in use. One end of the receiving component 1 is fixed with an upper steel frame 2, and the other end is fixed with a lower steel frame 3; a first anchor 4, one end of the first anchor 4 is fixed to the first sidewall plane 11, and the other end is used to fix it to the inner sidewall 9 of the tunnel. The first sidewall plane 11 and the first anchor 4 can be welded and fixed outside the tunnel to complete the connection between the receiving component 1 and the first anchor 4. The first sidewall plane 11 increases the welding area of ​​the first anchor 4, thereby increasing the reliability of the connection between the first anchor 4 and the receiving component 1. Figure 2 As shown, the welded end of the first anchor rod 4 is located between the tunnel face 8 and the supporting component 1. The tunnel face 8 refers to the side that has not yet been excavated, and the direction of the tunnel face 8 towards the supporting component 1 is the direction of the tunnel entrance. After excavation inside the tunnel, the first anchor rod 4 is poured, and then the upper steel frame 2 and the lower steel frame 3 are fixedly installed at the corresponding end of the supporting component 1, thereby completing the surrounding rock support work inside the tunnel.

[0043] Specifically, the first sidewall plane 11 of the receiving component 1 and the first anchor rod 4 can be welded and assembled outside the tunnel. When support and fixation are required inside the tunnel, only corresponding anchor rod holes need to be opened inside the tunnel to complete the fixation of the first anchor rod 4 to the tunnel body. Subsequently, the upper steel frame 2 and the lower steel frame 3 can be fixed to the corresponding ends of the receiving component 1. This receiving component 1 can replace part of the steel frame to form a new surrounding rock support device, forming an integral whole with its upper steel frame 2 and lower steel frame 3. The force is reasonable, the structure is reliable, and the bearing capacity is stronger. The receiving component 1 and the steel frame jointly bear the extrusion deformation and lateral force from the surrounding rock, improving the overall stability of the support result, giving full play to the locking function of the anchor rod, and effectively realizing the connection between the steel frame and the locking anchor rod. At the same time, it solves the problems of small welding operation space, high operation difficulty, and low welding efficiency when the traditional locking anchor rod is located between the steel frame and the tunnel face 8.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the receiving component 1 may further include: a second sidewall plane 12, which, together with the first sidewall plane 11, forms two opposing sides of the receiving component 1; and a second anchor rod 5, one end of which is fixed to the second sidewall plane 12, and the other end of which is used to fix to the inner sidewall 9 of the tunnel. The second sidewall plane 12 increases the welding area of ​​the second anchor rod 5, thereby increasing the reliability of the connection between the second anchor rod 5 and the receiving component 1; the addition of the second anchor rod 5 enhances the support capacity of the receiving component 1, prevents the steel frame from sinking, and controls the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0045] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first anchor bolt 4 and the second anchor bolt 5 have different inclination angles along the horizontal plane. This difference in inclination angle further enhances the support strength of the first anchor bolt 4 and the second anchor bolt 5.

[0046] Preferred, such as Figure 3 As shown, the included angle α between the first anchor rod 4 and the top end of the receiving component 1 is 45 degrees, and the included angle β between the second anchor rod 5 and the top end of the receiving component 1 is 60 degrees.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the receiving component 1 may further include: four receiving plates 13, which are welded and fixed together to form a cavity 14 that runs through the ground height direction, and the outer side wall of one of the receiving plates 13 forms a first side wall plane 11; one end of the four receiving plates 13 is fixed to the same top plate 6, and the other end is fixed to the same bottom plate 7; one end of the upper steel frame 2 is fixed to a first connecting plate 21, and one end of the lower steel frame 3 is fixed to a second connecting plate 31, the first connecting plate 21 is bolted to the top plate 6, and the second connecting plate 31 is bolted to the bottom plate 7. Among them, the four supporting plates 13 are easy to splice, weld and transport, and at the same time bear the compression deformation and lateral force from the surrounding rock. The chamber 14 can reduce the weight of the supporting component 1 to a certain extent, which can lighten the design, while ensuring sufficient support strength. After the rock mass above the tunnel is excavated, the first connecting plate 21 at the bottom of the upper steel frame 2 is bolted to the top plate 6. After the rock mass below the tunnel is excavated, the second connecting plate 31 at the lower steel frame 3 is fixed to the bottom plate 7, thus completing the installation of part of the steel frame on one side of the tunnel.

[0048] In some embodiments, the present invention also provides a construction method for a locking anchor structure, which includes the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Drill the first anchor hole in the inner sidewall 9 of the tunnel, and pour and fix the first anchor rod 4, which is equipped with the supporting component 1, into the first anchor hole so that the first sidewall plane 11 of the supporting component 1 faces the tunnel face 8; wherein, the first anchor rod 4 is fixed to the first sidewall plane 11.

[0050] Step 2: After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, fix the bottom end of the upper steel frame 2 to the top end of the supporting component 1.

[0051] Specifically, the first anchor bolt 4 can be pre-welded and fixed to the first sidewall plane 11 outside the tunnel. When fixing the steel frame above the tunnel body inside the tunnel, it is only necessary to fix the upper steel frame 2 to the top of the receiving component 1. This reduces the welding process between the traditional locking anchor bolt and the steel frame inside the tunnel and avoids the problems of unreliable connection and weak load-bearing capacity caused by spot welding between the traditional locking anchor bolt and the steel frame. At the same time, it avoids the problem of narrow welding space and high operation difficulty when one end of the locking anchor bolt is located between the tunnel face 8 and the steel frame.

[0052] In some embodiments, prior to step two, the following may be included:

[0053] A second anchor hole is drilled in the inner sidewall 9 of the tunnel. One end of the second anchor rod 5 is welded and fixed to the second sidewall plane 12 of the receiving component 1, and the other end of the second anchor rod 5 is poured into the second anchor hole to fix it. The second sidewall plane 12 and the first sidewall plane 11 form opposite sides of the receiving component 1. The welding of the second anchor rod 5 to the second sidewall plane 12 inside the tunnel is located on one side of the tunnel opening, so its welding process is not affected by space. At the same time, the second anchor rod 5 further improves the support strength of the receiving component 1. Except for the welding of the second anchor rod 5 to the receiving component 1 inside the tunnel, the receiving component 1 and the first anchor rod 4 are all welded and assembled outside the tunnel, achieving the purpose of more reliable construction quality and faster construction.

[0054] Furthermore, the included angle between the first anchor bolt 4 and the second anchor bolt 5 can be inconsistent, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the included angle α between the first anchor rod 4 and the top end of the receiving component 1 is 45 degrees, and the included angle β between the second anchor rod 5 and the top end of the receiving component 1 is 60 degrees.

[0055] In some embodiments, after step two, the following may be included:

[0056] After excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the top of the lower steel frame 3 is fixed to the bottom of the supporting component 1.

[0057] In some embodiments, step one includes the following specific steps:

[0058] Four support plates 13 are welded and fixed in sequence outside the hole; among them, a cavity 14 is formed between the four support plates 13, which runs through the ground height direction;

[0059] Outside the hole, one end of the first anchor rod 4 is welded and fixed to the side wall of one of the receiving plates 13, and the other end is cast and fixed in the first anchor hole; wherein, the side wall of the receiving plate 13 welded and fixed to the first anchor rod 4 forms the first side wall plane 11.

[0060] Among them, the four supporting plates 13 can be easily replaced with materials outside the hole and simply processed to obtain plates that meet the specifications, without the need for prefabrication; the chamber 14 can reduce the weight of the supporting components 1 to a certain extent, which can lighten the design, while ensuring sufficient support strength.

[0061] In some embodiments, step two includes the following specific steps:

[0062] The first connecting plate 21 is welded and fixed to the bottom of the upper steel frame 2 outside the hole;

[0063] Weld one end of the four welded support plates 13 to the top plate 6 outside the hole to seal one end of the opening of the chamber 14;

[0064] After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the first connecting plate 21 is bolted to the top plate 6.

[0065] Specifically, after the rock mass above the tunnel is excavated, the first connecting plate 21 at the bottom of the upper steel frame 2 is bolted to the top plate 6, thereby completing the fixing of the upper steel frame 2. This simplifies the connection steps of the upper steel frame 2, making it convenient to operate, easy to construct, and ensuring the reliability of the connection of the upper steel frame 2.

[0066] In some embodiments, after the rock mass below the excavation tunnel is excavated, the top end of the lower steel frame 3 is fixed to the bottom end of the receiving component 1, including the following specific steps:

[0067] The second connecting plate 31 is welded and fixed to the top of the lower steel frame 3 outside the hole;

[0068] Outside the hole, weld and fix the other ends of the four welded support plates 13 to the bottom plate 7 to seal the other end opening of the chamber 14;

[0069] After excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the second connecting plate 31 is bolted to the base plate 7.

[0070] Specifically, after excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the second connecting plate 31 at the bottom of the lower steel frame 3 is bolted to the base plate 7, thus completing the fixing of the lower steel frame 3. This simplifies the connection steps of the lower steel frame 3, making it convenient and easy to construct, while also ensuring the reliability of the connection. Finally, the supporting component 1 and the first anchor rod 4 are welded outside the tunnel, and the second anchor rod 5 is welded inside the tunnel. Both the upper steel frame 2 and the lower steel frame 3 are assembled inside the tunnel without the need for welding, reducing the welding construction steps inside the tunnel and achieving the goal of more reliable construction quality and faster construction.

[0071] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the first anchor rod 4, the second anchor rod 5, and the four supporting plates 13 after welding damage should be greater than that of the upper steel frame 2 and the lower steel frame 3, thereby ensuring that the strength of the entire steel frame is not reduced. This effectively avoids the drawbacks of the traditional spot welding connection between the anchor rod and the steel frame, which damages the steel frame, and makes the support structure more reasonable and reliable in terms of stress.

[0072] To meet the strength requirements of the first anchor bolt 4, the second anchor bolt 5, and the supporting plate 13, the weld stiffness must satisfy the following formula:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Where: h f For weld dimensions; h e f is the effective thickness of the weld. vd This refers to the design value of the shear strength of the anchor bolt steel; w N is the effective length of the anchor bolt welded to the receiving plate 13; d This refers to the axial tension of the anchor bolt.

[0076] Specifically, the first anchor bolt 4 and the second anchor bolt 5 are connected to the four support plates 13 by corner welding; the support plates 13, the top plate 6 and the bottom plate 7 are connected by bevel welding.

[0077] In some embodiments, the dimensions of the receiving component 1, especially the height of the receiving plate 13, are considered to ensure that the two anchor bolts can be securely welded to the receiving plate 13. The height of the receiving plate 13 is controlled by the anchor bolts with a large included angle and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0078] h≥b*tanβ+d*cosβ

[0079] Among them: such as Figure 3 As shown, h is the height of the support plate 13 (i.e., the distance from the bottom of the top plate 6 to the top of the bottom plate 7); b is the width of the bottom plate 7; and d is the outer diameter of the anchor rod.

[0080] Based on the above length calculations, β is generally selected as 60°, and the width of the base plate 7 is no more than 40cm; the overall weight t of the combined device is within 40kg, which can be fully welded outside the tunnel and quickly assembled inside the tunnel.

[0081] In some embodiments, the construction method of the aforementioned anchor bolt structure is used to complete the steel frame support work on the left side of the tunnel, i.e., as shown in the example. Figure 1 As shown; repeat the above construction method of the anchor bolt structure to complete the steel frame support work on the right side of the tunnel. Finally, connect the steel frame sections on both sides to realize the steel frame closed into a ring, thereby completing the overall support of the steel frame inside the tunnel.

[0082] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0083] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0084] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A locking anchor structure, characterized in that, It includes: The receiving component (1) includes a first sidewall plane (11) facing the tunnel face (8). One end of the receiving component (1) is fixed with an upper steel frame (2), and the other end is fixed with a lower steel frame (3). The first anchor rod (4) has one end welded to the first sidewall plane (11) and the other end used to fix it to the inner sidewall (9). The receiving component (1) also includes: The second sidewall plane (12) and the first sidewall plane (11) constitute the opposite two sides of the receiving component (1); The second anchor rod (5) has one end welded to the second sidewall plane (12) and the other end used to fix it to the inner sidewall (9). Along the horizontal plane, the inclination angles of the first anchor rod (4) and the second anchor rod (5) are not the same; The included angle α between the first anchor rod (4) and the top end of the receiving component (1) is 45°; The included angle β between the second anchor rod (5) and the top end of the receiving component (1) is 60°.

2. The anchor bolt structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving component (1) also includes: Four support plates (13) are welded and fixed together to form a cavity (14) that runs through the ground height direction, and the outer side wall of one of the support plates (13) forms the first side wall plane (11). The four support plates (13) are fixed with the same top plate (6) at one end and the same bottom plate (7) at the other end. One end of the upper steel frame (2) is fixed with a first connecting plate (21), and one end of the lower steel frame (3) is fixed with a second connecting plate (31). The first connecting plate (21) is bolted to the top plate (6), and the second connecting plate (31) is bolted to the bottom plate (7).

3. A construction method for a locking anchor structure, comprising the locking anchor structure as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: A first anchor hole is drilled in the inner sidewall (9) of the tunnel, and a first anchor rod (4) with a supporting component (1) is poured and fixed into the first anchor hole, so that the first sidewall plane (11) of the supporting component (1) faces the tunnel face (8); wherein, the first anchor rod (4) is fixed to the first sidewall plane (11). After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the bottom end of the upper steel frame (2) is fixed to the top end of the receiving component (1).

4. The construction method for the anchor bolt structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, before fixing the bottom end of the upper steel frame (2) to the top end of the receiving component (1), the process includes: A second anchor hole is drilled in the inner sidewall (9) of the hole, and one end of the second anchor rod (5) is welded and fixed to the second sidewall plane (12) of the receiving component (1), and the other end of the second anchor rod (5) is poured into the second anchor hole to fix it; wherein, the second sidewall plane (12) and the first sidewall plane (11) constitute the two opposite sides of the receiving component (1).

5. The construction method for the anchor bolt structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the bottom end of the upper steel frame (2) is fixed to the top end of the receiving component (1), including: After excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the top of the lower steel frame (3) is fixed to the bottom of the receiving component (1).

6. The construction method for the anchor bolt structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The method of drilling a first anchor hole in the inner sidewall (9) of the tunnel and casting and fixing a first anchor rod (4) with a supporting component (1) into the first anchor hole, so that the first sidewall plane (11) of the supporting component (1) faces the tunnel face (8), includes: Four support plates (13) are welded and fixed in sequence outside the hole; among them, a cavity (14) is formed between the four support plates (13) and runs through the ground height direction. Outside the hole, one end of the first anchor rod (4) is welded and fixed to the side wall of one of the receiving plates (13), and the other end is cast and fixed in the first anchor hole; wherein, the side wall of the receiving plate (13) welded and fixed to the first anchor rod (4) forms the first side wall plane (11).

7. The construction method for the anchor bolt structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the bottom end of the upper steel frame (2) is fixed to the top end of the receiving component (1), including: The first connecting plate (21) is welded and fixed to the bottom of the upper steel frame (2) outside the hole; Weld one end of the four welded support plates (13) to the top plate (6) outside the hole to seal one end of the cavity (14); After excavating the rock mass above the tunnel, the first connecting plate (21) is bolted to the top plate (6).

8. The construction method for the anchor bolt structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, After excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the top of the lower steel frame (3) is fixed to the bottom of the receiving component (1), including: The second connecting plate (31) is welded and fixed to the top of the lower steel frame (3) outside the hole; Outside the hole, the other ends of the four welded support plates (13) are welded and fixed to the bottom plate (7) to seal the other end of the cavity (14); After excavating the rock mass below the tunnel, the second connecting plate (31) is bolted to the bottom plate (7).

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