A multi-parameter layered water sample collector and sampling method

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-parameter stratified water sampling device and sampling method. The water sampling device includes a bracket and a water sampling tank. Multiple water sampling tanks are fixed to the outer periphery of the bracket, each equipped with an independently controlled end cap opening and closing mechanism. The bracket's top is provided with a draw hook and a pull rope connected to the draw hook, and the pull rope is provided with an indicator for indicating the completion status of sampling. The bracket's bottom is also provided with a deep-water thruster. The bracket's upper end is internally provided with a main control box, which houses a controller and multiple functional components for detecting water quality and reflecting the status of the water sampling device. The present invention can collect water samples at a depth of 200 meters, complete continuous water quality parameter collection in a single collection, and collect water samples at multiple depths, with high collection efficiency and accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water sample collection, and in particular to a multi-parameter stratified water sample collector. The present invention also relates to a sampling method of the multi-parameter stratified water sample collector. Background Art

[0002] A comprehensive understanding of the water quality of lakes, reservoirs, and rivers is the primary task of water environment management. First, seasonal water quality stratification is common in lake and reservoir water bodies. Stratified sampling of lake and reservoir water bodies is a necessary prerequisite for a comprehensive understanding of lake and reservoir water quality. Secondly, due to the limitations of natural factors in lakes and reservoirs, different stratification conditions have significant differences. While sampling stratified water bodies, it is necessary to simultaneously grasp the basic water quality characteristics of the water body, such as temperature, conductivity, and flow rate at different depths. The collection of water samples at different depth levels and the acquisition of field parameters in real time and at the same location can help to understand the stratification of water bodies on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also guide sampling strategies based on the stratification conditions.

[0003] Currently, stratified sampling and monitoring of indicators such as water temperature and conductivity in deep water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs, and lakes are required for water environment surveys and scientific research. However, there is no equipment that can simultaneously collect water samples at the current depth and the current water velocity at the same location. In addition, traditional river and lake water samplers can generally only collect water samples at one point at a time, requiring repeated collection when collecting water samples at different depths, resulting in low collection efficiency. Traditional water samplers are also not suitable for deepwater sampling. Affected by the dynamic water flow, the sampling rope exhibits a certain slope in the water body. Relying on the length of the rope marking to judge the water depth is prone to large errors, resulting in large errors in the sampling results. In addition, since the depth cannot be accurately judged on the shore, it is difficult for the sampler to understand the status of the water sampler and cannot accurately determine the sampling completion time, resulting in excessive lowering of the sampler and wasted time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a multi-parameter stratified water sample collector to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a multi-parameter stratified water sample collector, comprising a bracket and a water sampling tank, a plurality of water sampling tanks are fixed on the outer peripheral side of the bracket, each of the water sampling tanks is provided with a separately controlled end cover opening and closing mechanism, and the end cover opening and closing mechanism closes the water sampling tank after the water sample is collected by the water sampling tank; a hook and a pull rope connected to the hook are provided at the top of the bracket, and an indicating mechanism for indicating the completion status of sampling is provided on the pull rope; a deep-water thruster is also provided at the bottom of the bracket; a main control box is provided inside the upper end of the bracket, and a controller and multiple functional components are provided in the main control box, and the functional components are electrically connected to the controller and are used to detect water quality and / or reflect the status of the water sample collector.

[0006] Furthermore, the above-mentioned multi-parameter stratified water sample collector, the end cover opening and closing mechanism includes two end covers provided at both ends of the water sampling tank, the water sampling tank is fixedly connected to the bracket through supports provided at both ends of the outer side of the water sampling tank, one end of the end cover is hinged to the support through a hinge, and the other end is movably connected to the first electromagnet, the first electromagnet is fixed on the bracket and electrically connected to the controller, and the sealing direction of the two end covers is also connected to an elastic rope passing through the water sampling tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the above-mentioned multi-parameter stratified water sample collector, the indicating mechanism includes a float, a second electromagnet, and an iron sheet. The second electromagnet is fixed on the bracket and is located between the two first electromagnets. The second electromagnet is electrically connected to the controller, and the iron sheet is movably connected to the second electromagnet. The float is mounted on the pull rope through a ring on the float, and is fixedly connected to the iron sheet through a steel wire connected to the ring.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-parameter layered water sample collector mentioned above has functional parts including a depth sensor, a thermocouple, and an acceleration sensor. The depth sensor and the acceleration sensor are used to detect the underwater depth and acceleration of the water sample collector respectively, and the thermocouple is used to detect the water temperature.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-parameter layered water sampling device has a sealing cover below the main control box body. The sealing cover includes an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover. The upper and lower sealing covers seal the bottom opening of the main control box and each has a central hole for the depth sensor and thermocouple to extend out. The upper sealing cover also has multiple cable lead-out holes, and the upper sealing cover also has a sealing ring groove located outside the central hole and the cable lead-out hole. The sealing ring groove is equipped with a sealing ring. The cables in the cable lead-out holes are connected to the various functional components, the first electromagnet, the second electromagnet, the deepwater thruster, etc.

[0010] Furthermore, the above-mentioned multi-parameter layered water sample collector, the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover are both made of stainless steel, and are fixed to the bottom of the main control box by screws and insulating rubber. The upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover are respectively used as an electrode to detect the conductivity of water.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned multi-parameter layered water sample collector is also provided with a Bluetooth module, a memory, and a battery electrically connected to the controller in the main control box. The battery is used for power supply and is charged by a wireless power receiving device provided in the main control box.

[0012] The present invention also provides a sampling method for a multi-parameter layered water sample collector, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Check the water sampler and set the water depth for each water sampling tank to collect water samples;

[0014] S2. The controller controls the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet to be energized, and the end cover and the iron sheet are respectively adsorbed on the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet, and then the water sampler is placed into the water from the sampling point, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling point are recorded;

[0015] S3. During the descent of the water sampler, the water temperature, conductivity, and flow rate of the water flow are collected at intervals, and the collected water flow data and the depth of the water flow at that location are stored in a memory;

[0016] S4. At the same time, during the descent of the water sampler, water samples are collected from all water sampling tanks in order from shallow to deep. When a set water depth is reached, the corresponding water sampling tank collects water samples at this depth. After the collection is completed, the end cover opening and closing mechanism is activated to close the water sampling tank.

[0017] S5. When the last water sampling tank completes water sample collection, that is, when the first electromagnet corresponding to the last water sampling tank loses power, the controller controls the second electromagnet to lose power, the iron sheet is separated from the second electromagnet, and the float is no longer pulled by the iron sheet. Under the buoyancy of the water, it quickly floats up along the pull rope. When the float floats to the surface of the water, the water sampler can be pulled out of the water.

[0018] S6. Process data. After the water sampler is pulled out of the water, the data stored in the memory is sent to the ground device through the Bluetooth module. The water sample in each water sampling tank is tested, and the test data is combined with the data in the memory for data processing to obtain a water sample composition data table, completing a water sample collection.

[0019] Furthermore, the above-mentioned multi-parameter stratification adopts a sampling method of a water sample collector. When the water sampling tank collects water samples in step S4, the water sampling tank collects water samples horizontally; when it approaches the set collection water depth, the controller starts the deep-water thruster. When it reaches the set collection water depth, the deep-water thruster adjusts the bracket to a horizontal state, and the water sampling tank is also in a horizontal state with the bracket, and the water sampling tank collects water samples horizontally; after the water sampling tank completes the collection, the deep-water thruster stops and the water sampler continues to descend.

[0020] Furthermore, the multi-parameter stratification adopts a sampling method of a water sample collector. In step S3, the flow rate of the water flow is obtained by a calculation method stored in a memory, and the calculation method is:

[0021] S31. Establish a force model for the water sampler. Due to the impact of the water flow, the water sampler is in an inclined state during the descent process. The angle between the water sampler and the vertical direction is θ. The calculation formula 1 of the water flow force is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, G is the gravity of the water sample collector, F 阻 is the resistance of water flow, F 浮 is the buoyancy of the water flow, F 拉 is the tension of the rope, F 水流 is the water flow force, a 竖直 is the vertical acceleration of the water sample collector.

[0024] S32. Obtain the gravity G by weighing, and then sink the water sample collector into the water tank to obtain F. 浮 The size of the data is recorded in the memory.

[0025] S33, in a constant water tank, use different flow rates to measure the F 水流 The size of the flow rate v and F 水流 and record this relationship in the memory;

[0026] S34, because the descent speed and water flow speed are slow, F 阻 =kV, k is the damping coefficient, V is the movement speed of the water sample collector in the water, and the damping coefficient k is calculated by establishing a relatively static water body model without flow; V can be calculated through the interval distance and time, and the interval distance is provided by the data returned by the depth sensor.

[0027] S35. Substitute the data obtained in steps S32, S33, and S34 into formula 1 to obtain the flow rate of the water flow.

[0028] Furthermore, the above multi-parameter stratification adopts the sampling method of the water sample collector. In step S34, the damping coefficient k is calculated as follows:

[0029] Select a relatively static body of water without flow, such as a lake close to the shore, and let the device fall freely. At this time, θ in formula 1 is 0. Measure the depth H for the i-th time every 100ms. i At this moment, the descending speed of the water sample collector is formula 2:

[0030]

[0031] To improve accuracy, you can collect data multiple times (such as 10 times) every 100ms and then use the difference method to process the data. i At the same time, the vertical acceleration a of the water sample collector returned by the corresponding acceleration sensor is also recorded. yi , and a series of θ, V i and a yi The data is substituted into formula 1, and the damping coefficient is calculated by the least squares fitting method.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The system can collect water samples at depths up to 200 meters, and through the use of multiple water sampling tanks, it can collect water samples at multiple depths in one go, resulting in high collection efficiency. Furthermore, through the use of an indicator mechanism, the system can accurately determine the completion status of water sampling during deep-water sampling, avoiding time waste caused by excessive collection and further improving collection efficiency. Furthermore, through the use of a deep-water thruster, the water sampling tank can collect water horizontally, eliminating depth errors caused by the length of the tank and improving collection accuracy. Furthermore, as the water sampling tank descends, it can measure water temperature and conductivity in real time, maintaining consistency in both time and space. This effectively overcomes multi-sensor measurement errors caused by water flow, enabling continuous water quality parameter collection and the collection of water samples at multiple depths in one go. The end cap opening and closing mechanism has a simple structure, is easy to control, has low manufacturing costs, and offers a more stable closure, enabling deeper water sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-parameter stratified water sample collector of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main control box structure of the multi-parameter layered water sample collector of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a force analysis diagram of the multi-parameter layered water sample collector when it descends;

[0038] In the figure: 1. Bracket; 2. Water sampling tank; 3. End cover opening and closing mechanism; 31. End cover; 32. Support; 33. First electromagnet; 34. Elastic rope; 4. Draw hook; 5. Draw rope; 6. Indicator mechanism; 61. Float; 62. Second electromagnet; 63. Iron sheet; 64. Steel wire; 7. Deepwater thruster; 8. Main control box; 81. Upper sealing cover; 811. Middle hole; 812. Cable lead-out hole; 813. Sealing ring groove; 82. Lower sealing cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a multi-parameter layered water sample collector comprises a bracket 1 and a water sampling tank 2. A plurality of water sampling tanks 2 are fixed on the outer peripheral side of the bracket 1. Each of the water sampling tanks 2 is provided with an independently controlled end cover opening and closing mechanism 3. The end cover opening and closing mechanism 3 closes the water sampling tank 2 after the water sample is collected by the water sampling tank 2. In this embodiment, three water sampling tanks 2 are provided, and three end cover opening and closing mechanisms 3 are correspondingly provided, which can realize the collection requirements of the upper, middle and lower points each time. A hook 4 and a pull rope 5 connected to the hook 4 are provided at the top of the bracket 1. The pull rope 5 is provided with a hook 4 and a pull rope 5 connected to the hook 4. The bracket 1 also includes an indicator mechanism 6 for indicating the completion of sampling. A deepwater thruster 7 is also provided at the bottom end of the bracket 1. This not only adjusts the water sampler to a horizontal position but also accelerates it to the surface. A main control box 8 is located within the upper end of the bracket 1. This main control box 8 houses a controller and multiple functional components, which are electrically connected to the controller and are used to detect water quality and / or reflect the status of the water sampler. Water quality detection includes water temperature and thermal conductivity, while the status of the water sampler includes underwater depth and acceleration. The water sampler of the present invention can achieve deep-water sampling to a depth of 200 meters. By configuring multiple water sampling tanks 2, it can complete sampling at multiple depths in a single operation, resulting in high sampling efficiency. Furthermore, the indicator mechanism 6 allows for more accurate determination of the completion of sampling during deep-water sampling, avoiding time wasted due to excessive sampling and further improving sampling efficiency. Furthermore, the deepwater thruster 7 allows the water sampling tanks 2 to be horizontal during sampling, eliminating depth errors caused by the tank length and improving sampling accuracy.

[0042] In the above structure, the functional parts include a depth sensor, a thermocouple, and an accelerometer. The depth sensor and accelerometer are used to detect the underwater depth and acceleration of the water sample collector respectively, and the thermocouple is used to detect the water temperature. The depth sensor can accurately detect the depth of the water sample collector in the water, eliminating the error caused by the rope mark. Specifically, the accelerometer is an MPU6050 accelerometer, which includes a 16-bit ADC three-axis accelerometer. The three-axis accelerometer uses a separate detection for each axis, which can collect a z 、a y 、a xThrough the setting of functional parts, the water temperature and water conductivity can be measured in real time while descending, and the time and space position can be kept consistent, which can effectively overcome the multi-sensor measurement error caused by water flow.

[0043] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a sealing cover is provided below the main control box body. The sealing cover includes an upper sealing cover 81 and a lower sealing cover 82. The upper sealing cover 81 and the lower sealing cover 82 seal the bottom opening of the main control box 8. Each of the upper sealing cover 81 and the lower sealing cover 82 has a middle hole 811 in the middle for the depth sensor and thermocouple to extend. The upper sealing cover 81 also has multiple cable lead-out holes 812. The upper sealing cover 81 also has a sealing ring groove 813 located outside the middle hole 811 and the cable lead-out holes 812. The sealing ring groove 813 is provided with a sealing ring, which has a good sealing effect. The cables in the cable lead-out holes 812 are connected to various functional components, the first electromagnet, the second electromagnet, the deep-water thruster, etc.

[0044] In addition, the upper sealing cover 81 and the lower sealing cover 82 are both made of stainless steel and fixed to the bottom of the main control box 8 by screws and insulating rubber. The upper sealing cover 81 and the lower sealing cover 82 are respectively used as an electrode to detect the conductivity of water, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Based on the structure of Example 1, Figure 1-2 As shown, the end cap opening and closing mechanism 3 includes two end caps 31 mounted at either end of the water sampling tank 2. The water sampling tank 2 is fixedly connected to the bracket 1 via supports 32 located at either end of the outer side of the water sampling tank 2. One end of each end cap 31 is hinged to the support 32 via a hinge, and the other end is movably connected to a first electromagnet 33. When the first electromagnet 33 is energized, the end cap 31 is attracted to the first electromagnet 33; otherwise, the end cap 31 is separated from the first electromagnet 33. The first electromagnet 33 is fixed to the bracket 1 and electrically connected to a controller. Elastic cords 34 passing through the water sampling tank 2 are also connected to the sealing direction of the two end caps 31. The use of hinges, elastic cords 34, and electromagnetic attraction to close the water sampling tank 2 offers a simpler structure, easier control, lower manufacturing costs, and more stable sealing compared to motor-driven hooking methods. This allows for deeper water sampling (up to 200 meters).

[0047] The indicator mechanism 6 includes a float 61, a second electromagnet 62, and an iron sheet 63. The second electromagnet 62 is fixed to the bracket 1 and located between the two first electromagnets 33. The second electromagnet 62 is electrically connected to the controller. The iron sheet 63 is movably connected to the second electromagnet 62. When the second electromagnet 62 is energized, the iron sheet 63 is attracted to the second electromagnet 62; otherwise, the iron sheet 63 is separated from the second electromagnet 62. The float 61 is mounted on the pull rope 5 via a ring on the float 61 and is fixedly connected to the iron sheet 63 via a steel wire 64 connected to the ring. The configuration of the indicator mechanism 63 allows accurate determination of the acquisition completion time, improving acquisition efficiency. Compared to shortwave transmission systems such as Bluetooth, these systems are difficult to transmit underwater, with the transmission distance reduced to approximately 1 meter, making them unsuitable for deep-water acquisition. Compared to longwave radio communication, although longwave radio communication can be transmitted in deep water, its equipment cost is high.

[0048] The main control box 8 is also provided with a Bluetooth module, a memory, and a battery connected to the controller. The battery is used for power supply and is charged by a wireless power receiving device provided in the main control box. The memory is a memory chip W25Q128JVSIQ.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A sampling method using the multi-parameter stratified water sample collector described in Example 1 or Example 2 is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1. Check the water sampler and set the water depth for each water sampling tank 2 to collect water samples;

[0052] S2. The controller controls the first electromagnet 33 and the second electromagnet 62 to be energized, and the end cover 31 and the iron sheet 63 are respectively adsorbed on the first electromagnet 33 and the second electromagnet 62. Then, the water sampler is placed into the water from the sampling point, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling point are recorded;

[0053] S3. As the water sampler descends, it collects water temperature, conductivity, and flow velocity at intervals. The collected water flow data and the depth of the water flow at that location are stored in memory. As the water sampler descends, it measures water temperature and conductivity in real time, maintaining consistency in time and space. This effectively overcomes multi-sensor measurement errors caused by water flow. This interval can be set as needed, for example, 0.5 meters, 1 meter, etc.

[0054] S4. At the same time, during the descent of the water sampler, water samples are collected from all water sampling tanks 2 in sequence from shallow to deep; each time a set collection water depth is reached, the corresponding water sampling tank 2 collects water samples at this depth; when the set collection water depth is approached, the controller starts the deep-water thruster 7, and when the set collection water depth is reached, the deep-water thruster 7 adjusts the bracket 1 to a horizontal state, and the water sampling tank 2 is also in a horizontal state with the bracket 1, and the water sampling tank 2 collects water samples horizontally; after the collection is completed, the end cover opening and closing mechanism 3 is started to close the water sampling tank 2, and then the deep-water thruster 7 stops, and the water sampler continues to descend;

[0055] S5. When the last water sampling tank 2 completes water sampling, that is, when the first electromagnet 33 corresponding to the last water sampling tank 2 loses power, the controller controls the second electromagnet 62 to lose power, and the iron sheet 63 separates from the second electromagnet 63. The float 61 is no longer pulled by the iron sheet 63 and quickly floats up along the pull rope 5 under the buoyancy of the water. When the float 61 floats to the surface of the water, the water sampler can be pulled out of the water.

[0056] S6. Process data. After the water sampler is pulled out of the water, the data stored in the memory is sent to the ground device through the Bluetooth module; for example, a mobile phone. The water sample in each water sampling tank 2 is tested, and the test data is combined with the data in the memory for data processing to obtain a water sample composition data table, completing a water sample collection.

[0057] In step S3, the flow rate of the water flow is obtained by a calculation method stored in the memory, and the calculation method is:

[0058] S31. Establish a force model for the water sampler, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, due to the impact of the water flow, the water sample collector is in an inclined state during the descent process. The angle between the water sample collector and the vertical direction is θ. The calculation formula 1 of the water flow force is:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, G is the gravity of the water sample collector, F 阻 is the resistance of water flow, F 浮 is the buoyancy of the water flow, F 拉 is the tension of the rope, F 水流 is the water flow force, a 竖直 is the vertical acceleration of the water sample collector; Figure 2 A shown in y 、a z and a x Acceleration can be obtained through an accelerometer.

[0061] S32. Obtain the gravity G by weighing, and then sink the water sample collector into the water tank to obtain F.浮 The size of the data is recorded in the memory.

[0062] S33, in a constant water tank, use different flow rates to measure the F 水流 The size of the flow rate v and F 水流 and record this relationship in the memory;

[0063] S34, because the descent speed and water flow speed are slow, F 阻 = kV, k is the damping coefficient, V is the speed of the water sample collector in the water, V can be calculated from the interval distance and time, and the interval distance is provided by the data returned by the depth sensor; the damping coefficient k is calculated as follows:

[0064] Select a relatively static body of water without flow, such as a lake close to the shore, and let the device fall freely. At this time, θ in formula 1 is 0. Measure the depth H for the i-th time every 100ms. i At this moment, the descending speed of the water sample collector is formula 2:

[0065]

[0066] To improve accuracy, you can collect data multiple times (such as 10 times) every 100ms and then use the difference method to process the data. i At the same time, the vertical acceleration a of the water sample collector returned by the corresponding acceleration sensor is also recorded. yi , and a series of θ, V i and a yi Substitute the data into formula 1 and calculate the damping coefficient k by the least squares fitting method. The details are as follows:

[0067] When θ is 0, Equation 1 can be simplified to the following Equation 3:

[0068] G+F 阻 +F 浮 +F 拉 =ma 竖直

[0069] F 阻 =kV Substituting into Formula 3 yields Formula 4:

[0070] G+kV i +F 浮 +F 拉 =ma yL

[0071] Among them, a 竖直 At this time, the measured value a returned by the acceleration sensor yi , the F of point i is obtained by formula 3阻 The damping coefficient k is calculated by formula 4. In order to improve the accuracy of the damping coefficient k, the damping coefficient k can be calculated by calculating multiple points F 阻 The size of , after mean processing, a more accurate k is obtained.

[0072] S35. Substitute the data obtained in steps S32, S33, and S34 into formula 1 to obtain the flow rate of the water flow.

[0073] It should be noted that under normal measurement conditions, the acceleration jitter is small, indicating that the flow is laminar. After obtaining k, the corresponding H is recorded every 100ms. i 、a zi 、a yi 、a xi Equivalent data, you can use formula 1 to calculate F 水流i The magnitude of the laminar flow velocity at this depth is obtained based on the pre-processed data. zi 、a yi 、a xi Violent shaking at this point indicates that turbulence has occurred at this depth. The frequency of acceleration change is calculated and used to characterize the magnitude of the turbulence.

[0074] The multi-parameter stratified water sample collector described in the present invention collects the depth and geographic coordinate information of the water sample collection while collecting water samples, and can instantly collect water quality parameters at each depth, and store the parameter data in a memory, which is combined with the water sample collection data to form a water sample composition table, which can conveniently and quickly understand the water sample information at the target location and provide data support for subsequent research work.

[0075] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0076] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter stratified water sampling method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Check the water sampler and set the water depth for each water sampling tank (2) to collect water samples; S2, the controller controls the first electromagnet (33) and the second electromagnet (62) to be energized, and the end cover (31) and the iron sheet (63) are respectively adsorbed on the first electromagnet (33) and the second electromagnet (62), and then the water sampler is placed into the water from the sampling point, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling point are recorded; S3. During the descent of the water sampler, the water temperature, conductivity, and flow rate of the water flow are collected at intervals, and the collected water flow data and the depth of the water flow at that location are stored in a memory; S4. At the same time, during the descent of the water sampler, water samples are collected from all water sampling tanks (2) in a sampling order from shallow to deep. When a set water depth is reached, the corresponding water sampling tank (2) collects water samples at this depth. After the collection is completed, the end cover opening and closing mechanism (3) is activated to close the water sampling tank (2). S5. When the last water sampling tank (2) completes water sampling, the controller controls the second electromagnet (62) to lose power, the iron sheet (63) is separated from the second electromagnet (62), and the float (61) is no longer pulled by the iron sheet (63). Under the buoyancy of the water, it quickly floats up along the pull rope (5). When the float (61) floats to the surface of the water, the water sampler can be pulled out of the water. S6. Processing data: After the water sampler is pulled out of the water, the data stored in the memory is sent to the ground device via the Bluetooth module. The water sample in each water sampling tank is tested, and the test data is combined with the data in the memory for data processing to obtain a water sample composition data table, completing one water sample collection; In step S3, the flow rate of the water flow is obtained by a calculation method stored in the memory, and the calculation method is: S31. Establish a force model for the water sampler. Due to the impact of the water flow, the water sampler is in an inclined state during the descent process. The angle between the water sampler and the vertical direction is θ. The calculation formula 1 of the water flow force is: Among them, G is the gravity of the water sample collector, F 阻 is the resistance of water flow, F 浮 is the buoyancy of the water flow, F 拉 is the tension of the rope, F 水流 is the water flow force, a 竖直 is the vertical acceleration of the water sample collector; S32. Obtain the gravity G by weighing, and then sink the water sample collector into the water tank to obtain F. 浮 The size of the data is recorded in the memory; S33, in a constant water tank, use different flow rates to measure the F 水流 The size of the flow rate v and F 水流 and record this relationship in the memory; S34, because the descent speed and water flow speed are slow, F 阻 =kV, k is the damping coefficient, V is the speed of the water sample collector in the water, and the damping coefficient k is calculated by establishing a relatively static non-flowing water model. The calculation method of the damping coefficient k is: Select a relatively static body of water without flow and let the device fall freely. At this time, θ in formula 1 is 0. Measure the depth H for the i-th time every 100ms. i At this moment, the descending speed of the water sample collector is formula 2: Calculate V i At the same time, the vertical acceleration a of the water sample collector returned by the corresponding acceleration sensor is also recorded. yi , and a series of θ, V i and a yi Substitute the data into formula 1 and calculate the damping coefficient k by the least squares fitting method; S35. Substitute the data obtained in steps S32, S33, and S34 into formula 1 to obtain the flow rate of the water flow.

2. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the water sampling tank (2) collects water samples in step S4, the water sampling tank (2) collects water samples horizontally; when the water sampling tank approaches the set collection water depth, the controller starts the deep-water propeller (7); when the water sampling tank reaches the set collection water depth, the deep-water propeller (7) adjusts the bracket (1) to a horizontal state, and the water sampling tank (2) is also in a horizontal state along with the bracket (1), and the water sampling tank (2) collects water samples horizontally; after the water sampling tank (2) completes the collection, the deep-water propeller (7) stops, and the water sampler continues to descend.

3. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to any one of claims 1-2, further comprising a water sampler, characterized in that: The water sampler comprises a bracket (1) and a water sampling tank (2); a plurality of water sampling tanks (2) are fixed on the outer peripheral side of the bracket (1); each of the water sampling tanks (2) is provided with a separately controlled end cover opening and closing mechanism (3); the end cover opening and closing mechanism (3) closes the water sampling tank (2) after the water sampling tank (2) has collected the water sample; a draw hook (4) and a draw rope (5) connected to the draw hook (4) are provided at the top of the bracket (1); an indicating mechanism (6) for indicating the completion status of sampling is provided on the draw rope (5); a deep-water thruster (7) is also provided at the bottom of the bracket (1); a main control box (8) is provided inside the upper end of the bracket (1); a controller and a plurality of functional components are provided in the main control box (8); the functional components are electrically connected to the controller and are used to detect water quality and / or reflect the status of the water sample collector.

4. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The end cover opening and closing mechanism (3) comprises two end covers (31) provided at both ends of the water sampling tank (2); the water sampling tank (2) is fixedly connected to the bracket (1) via supports (32) provided at both ends of the outer side of the water sampling tank (2); one end of the end cover (31) is hinged to the support (32) via a hinge, and the other end is movably connected to a first electromagnet (33); the first electromagnet (33) is fixed to the bracket (1) and electrically connected to a controller; and the sealing direction of the two end covers (31) is further connected to an elastic rope (34) passing through the water sampling tank (2).

5. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The indicating mechanism (6) comprises a float (61), a second electromagnet (62), and an iron sheet (63). The second electromagnet (62) is fixed on the bracket (1) and is located between the two first electromagnets (33). The second electromagnet (52) is electrically connected to the controller. The iron sheet (53) is movably connected to the second electromagnet (52). The float (61) is sleeved on the pull rope (5) through a ring on the float (61) and is fixedly connected to the iron sheet (63) through a steel wire (64) connected to the ring.

6. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The functional parts include a depth sensor, a thermocouple, and an acceleration sensor. The depth sensor and the acceleration sensor are used to detect the underwater depth and acceleration of the water sample collector respectively, and the thermocouple is used to detect the water temperature.

7. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to claim 6, characterized in that: A sealing cover is provided below the main control box (8) body, and the sealing cover comprises an upper sealing cover (81) and a lower sealing cover (82). The upper sealing cover (81) and the lower sealing cover (82) seal the bottom opening of the main control box (8), and a middle hole (811) is provided in the middle of each of the upper sealing cover (81) for extending a depth sensor and a thermocouple. The upper sealing cover (81) is also provided with a plurality of cable lead-out holes (812). The upper sealing cover (81) is also provided with a sealing ring groove (813) located outside the middle hole (811) and the cable lead-out hole (812), and a sealing ring is provided in the sealing ring groove (813).

8. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper sealing cover (81) and the lower sealing cover (82) are both made of stainless steel and fixed to the bottom of the main control box (8) by screws and insulating rubber. The upper sealing cover (81) and the lower sealing cover (82) are respectively used as an electrode for detecting the conductivity of water.

9. The multi-parameter stratified water sampling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main control box (8) is further provided with a Bluetooth module, a memory, and a battery electrically connected to the controller. The battery is used for power supply and is charged by a wireless power receiving device provided in the main control box.

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