Methods for monitoring the height of collapsed roof and void in mines using the natural caving method

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for monitoring the height of collapsed roof and void in a naturally caving mine. The method includes: drilling a borehole in the mine, the borehole being connected to the void; setting up a first sensor, a counter, and a rangefinder; the first sensor moving within the borehole and generating and recording sound; the rangefinder measuring the distance between the end of the borehole furthest from the collapsed roof and the surface of the collapsed ore pile; and the counter recording the depth data of the first sensor within the borehole. The height of the void is obtained by subtracting the data measured by the counter from the data measured by the rangefinder. This method for monitoring the height of collapsed roof and void in a naturally caving mine can perform real-time monitoring of the location of the collapsed roof and the height of the void, improving mine production safety.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine equipment, in particular to a natural caving method mine caving roof and empty area height monitoring method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The natural caving mining method refers to an underground mining method that a certain thickness of ore body is broken by blasting at the bottom of the bottom level of the to-be-mined ore body and the ore is mined to form a space for the caving of the upper ore body, and the upper ore body is broken under the action of gravity and horizontal tectonic stress to form blocky ore natural caving, and a large amount of ore is mined through the bottom structure. The caving roof refers to the lower boundary of the to-be-caved ore body of the natural caving method mine, which changes with the continuous caving of the ore body.

[0003] In related technologies, the monitoring of the caving roof of the natural caving method mine mainly adopts the drilling camera method, the time domain reflection method, the microseismic monitoring method and the intelligent beacon method. Among them, the drilling camera device system mainly measures the caving roof by manual control, and does not realize the automation of the monitoring process. The drilling camera adopts an optical sensor, which is easily affected by the pollution of the probe cover glass and affects the observation effect. The time domain reflection method monitors the cable and the drilling hole wall through cement mortar and other materials, which is easily broken in the middle of the cable due to the shear deformation of the ore rock above the caving roof, causing the monitoring result to be distorted, and the height of the empty area cannot be measured. The microseismic monitoring method is easily affected by the complex characteristics of the rock mass structure, and the wave propagation speed is usually not a constant value. The constant wave propagation speed is adopted in the microseismic positioning algorithm, which leads to poor accuracy of the existing microseismic monitoring positioning, and cannot realize the accurate measurement of the position of the caving roof and the measurement of the height of the empty area. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, an embodiment of the present application proposes a natural caving method mine caving roof and empty area height monitoring method, which can monitor the position of the mine caving roof and the height of the empty area in real time, optimize the production plan such as ore mining, bottom drawing and ore rock pretreatment, ensure the efficient connection of mine production operations, improve the production safety of the mine, and effectively avoid the generation of air impact risk.

[0005] The natural caving method mine caving roof and empty area height monitoring method of the present application embodiment comprises:

[0006] A drilling hole is opened on the mine, and the drilling hole is communicated with the empty area;

[0007] A first sensor, a counter, and a rangefinder are provided. The first sensor moves within the borehole and generates and records sound. The rangefinder is used to measure the distance between the end of the borehole away from the collapsed roof and the surface of the collapsed ore pile. The counter is used to record the depth data of the first sensor within the borehole.

[0008] The height of the empty area is obtained by subtracting the data measured by the counter from the data measured by the rangefinder.

[0009] The data measured by the rangefinder is the distance from the end of the borehole away from the void to the top of the collapsed ore pile when the sound generated by the first sensor changes abruptly;

[0010] There is a void between the collapsed roof and the collapsed ore pile. A borehole is drilled in the mine, extending vertically to the surface of the collapsed roof and communicating with the void, which is located below the collapsed roof.

[0011] The monitoring system for the height of the collapsed roof and void area in a natural caving mine includes:

[0012] A first sensor is located inside the borehole and can move vertically within the borehole. The first sensor can generate and record sound.

[0013] A counter is connected to the first sensor. When the first sensor moves inside the borehole, it can drive the counter to rotate. The counter can generate a rotation signal to record the depth data of the first sensor inside the borehole.

[0014] A rangefinder is installed at the end of the borehole away from the collapsed roof. The rangefinder is used to measure and record the distance between the end of the borehole away from the collapsed roof and the surface of the collapsed ore pile. The difference between the data measured by the rangefinder and the data measured by the counter is the height of the void.

[0015] The first sensor includes a buzzer and a sound level meter. The buzzer can move vertically within the borehole and generate sound. The sound level meter is located at the end of the borehole away from the collapsed roof. The sound level meter is connected to the buzzer to receive and record the sound generated by the buzzer.

[0016] As the buzzer is lowered, the sound level meter can collect continuous and approximately constant sound level data, and the counter collects continuously increasing depth data; when the sound level meter data decreases to a preset decibel value, the buzzer is located at the boundary of the collapsed roof slab.

[0017] As the buzzer continues to be lowered, the sound level meter data remains very low or close to the preset decibel value, indicating that the buzzer is located below the collapsed roof slab. At this time, the automatic control system reverses the electric motor to raise the buzzer.

[0018] When the buzzer is raised to a preset height, and the sound level meter data jumps and remains approximately constant, the buzzer enters the borehole. At this time, the buzzer is located at the boundary of the collapsed roof slab.

[0019] As the buzzer continues to rise, if the sound level meter data remains approximately constant, the electric motor is adjusted to rotate forward so that the buzzer moves toward the bottom of the borehole.

[0020] The method of the natural caving mine roof collapse and void height monitoring device system of the present invention includes a first sensor that generates and records sound when moving in the borehole. During this process, a counter records the depth data of the first sensor as it moves in the borehole. The height of the void is obtained by subtracting the distance between the end of the borehole away from the collapsed roof, as measured by the rangefinder, from the depth data to the surface of the collapsed ore pile. Thus, the method of the natural caving mine roof collapse and void height monitoring device system of the present invention can monitor the height of the void in real time with high accuracy, thereby effectively guiding mine production and improving mine production safety.

[0021] Real-time monitoring of the location of the collapsed roof and the height of the void in a caving mine can be achieved through a primary sensor, counter, and rangefinder. This provides a basis for understanding the roof collapse process, optimizing ore extraction and bottom-pulling plans, and formulating ore pretreatment measures. Consequently, it guides the mine to optimize production plans for ore extraction, bottom-pulling, and ore pretreatment, ensuring efficient coordination of mine operations. It also effectively guarantees the safe and efficient mining of caving mines, improves mine production safety, and effectively avoids the risk of air impact.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first sensor includes a buzzer and a sound level meter. The buzzer is movable in the vertical direction within the borehole and generates sound. The sound level meter is located at one end of the borehole away from the collapsed roof slab. The sound level meter is connected to the buzzer to receive and record the sound generated by the buzzer.

[0023] In some embodiments, when the sound level meter detects the sound produced by the buzzer, the buzzer is located inside the borehole and above the collapsed roof slab; when the sound level meter does not detect the sound produced by the buzzer, the buzzer is located below the collapsed roof slab.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method for monitoring the height of the collapsed roof and void area in a natural caving mine further includes a data acquisition unit and a power supply unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to the sound level meter, the counter, and the rangefinder to record the sound signal generated by the buzzer collected by the sound level meter, the depth data of the buzzer in the borehole recorded by the counter, and the distance data between the end of the borehole away from the collapsed roof and the surface of the collapsed ore pile measured by the rangefinder. The power supply unit is used to supply power to the data acquisition unit, the first sensor, the counter, and the rangefinder.

[0025] In some embodiments, the method for monitoring the height of the collapsed roof and void area in a natural caving mine further includes a drive unit, a winding reel, and a power signal line. The drive unit is connected to the winding reel to drive the winding reel to rotate. The power signal line is wound around the winding reel and is connected to the data acquisition unit and the buzzer.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method for monitoring the height of the collapsed roof and void area in a natural caving mine further includes a tablet computer connected to the data acquisition device, which is used to display the signals collected by the data acquisition device in real time.

[0027] In some embodiments, the method for monitoring the height of the collapsed roof and void area in a natural caving mine further includes a body and wheels. The first sensor, the counter, and the rangefinder are mounted on the body. The first sensor is movable relative to the body, and the wheels are mounted at the bottom of the body.

[0028] In some embodiments, the body has a power interface, through which the body can be connected to a power source outside the mine. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the collapsed roof, collapsed ore pile, and void area in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sound level meter collecting sound as the buzzer of the natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system moves inside the borehole, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the buzzer of the natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system located in the void area, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0034] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged diagram of part B.

[0035] Reference numerals: 100, collapsed roof; 200, collapsed ore pile; 300, void; 400, borehole; 1, first sensor; 11, buzzer; 12, sound level meter; 2, counter; 3, rangefinder; 4, data acquisition unit; 5, power supply unit; 6, tablet computer; 71, main body; 72, wheel; 73, power interface; 81, drive unit; 82, cable reel; 83, power signal line. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0037] Natural caving mining is a low-cost, high-efficiency, and easily automated mining method with significant advantages in the development of large, low-grade ore deposits with fractured ore and rock. In the natural caving mining process, as naturally caving, fractured ore is continuously transported out at the extraction level, a void of a certain height is formed between the caving roof and the crushed ore pile. Under the action of its own weight and horizontal tectonic stress, the upper ore body causes the original structural planes of the ore body to fracture, naturally caving to fill the void. Continuous extraction at this extraction level will cause the caving roof to continuously cave and develop upwards.

[0038] As the integrity of the upper ore body improves, the height of the crushed ore pile decreases with the progress of mining operations. However, if the caving roof does not follow suit, the height of the void between the caving roof and the crushed ore pile will increase. According to the "Safety Regulations for Metal and Non-metal Mines," this height should not exceed 5 meters. A sudden, large-scale collapse of the caving roof will cause risks such as shock pressure, posing safety hazards to the stability of the bottom structure and to personnel and equipment operating at the mining level. To avoid this situation, real-time online monitoring of the caving roof and void height in caving mines is necessary. This provides support for optimizing mining and bottom-pulling plans, ore pretreatment, and other measures, ensuring the continuous and stable collapse of the caving roof.

[0039] like Figures 1-6 As shown, there is a void 300 between the collapsed roof 100 and the collapsed ore pile 200. A borehole 400 is present in the mine, extending vertically to the surface of the collapsed roof 100 and communicating with the void 300, which is located below the collapsed roof 100. Specifically, the diameter of the borehole 400 is 75mm to 110mm.

[0040] The natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system of this invention includes a first sensor 1, a counter 2 and a rangefinder 3.

[0041] The first sensor 1 is located inside the borehole 400 and can move vertically within it. The first sensor 1 generates and records sound. The counter 2 is connected to the first sensor 1. As the first sensor 1 moves within the borehole 400, it drives the counter 2 to rotate, generating a rotation signal to record the depth data of the first sensor 1 within the borehole 400. The rangefinder 3 is located at the end of the borehole 400 furthest from the collapsed roof 100. The rangefinder 3 measures and records the distance between the end of the borehole 400 furthest from the collapsed roof 100 and the surface of the collapsed ore pile 200. The difference between the data measured by the rangefinder 3 and the data measured by the counter 2 is the height of the empty area 300.

[0042] The natural caving mine roof and void height monitoring device system of this invention can realize real-time monitoring of the position of the roof 100 and the void 300 in the natural caving mine through the first sensor 1, counter 2 and rangefinder 3. It provides a basis for understanding the roof ore and rock caving process, rationally optimizing ore extraction and bottom pulling plans, and formulating ore and rock pretreatment measures in natural caving mines. In turn, it guides the mine to rationally optimize production plans such as ore extraction, bottom pulling, and ore and rock pretreatment, ensures efficient connection of mine production operations, and effectively ensures safe and efficient mining in natural caving mines, improves mine production safety, and effectively avoids the risk of air impact.

[0043] Specifically, the depth of the first sensor 1 inside the borehole 400 can be monitored by the depth counter 2. When the first sensor 1 is located at the boundary of the collapsed roof 100, this depth is the residual depth of the borehole 400. The height of the roof collapse can be calculated based on the difference between the initial height of the ore block (the distance between the end of the borehole 400 away from the collapsed roof 100 and the bottom of the collapsed ore pile 200) and the residual depth of the borehole 400.

[0044] Specifically, the rangefinder 3 is a laser rangefinder. By setting the rangefinder 3 at the end of the borehole 400 away from the collapsed roof 100, the laser emitted by the rangefinder 3 is reflected on the surface of the collapsed ore pile 200 and received by the rangefinder 3, so that the distance from the rangefinder 3 to the surface of the collapsed ore pile 200 can be calculated. The height of the void 300 between the collapsed roof 100 and the collapsed ore pile 200 can be obtained by the difference between the distance from the rangefinder 3 to the surface of the collapsed ore pile 200 and the residual height of the borehole 400.

[0045] Specifically, the emitting end of the rangefinder 3 faces the end of the borehole 400 adjacent to the collapsed top plate 100. The rangefinder 3 is fixed by a device (not shown) to ensure that the laser emitted by the rangefinder 3 is parallel to the borehole 400, thereby avoiding the reflection of the emitted laser through the borehole wall of the borehole 400 due to tilting.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first sensor 1 includes a buzzer 11 and a sound level meter 12. The buzzer 11 can move vertically within the borehole 400 and generate sound, and the sound level meter 12 is located at the end of the borehole 400 away from the collapsed top plate 100 (e.g., Figure 1 (At the upper end of the borehole 400 shown), the sound level meter 12 is connected to the buzzer 11 to receive and record the sound generated by the buzzer 11.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the sound level meter 12 detects the sound produced by the buzzer 11, the buzzer 11 is located inside the borehole 400 and above the collapsed roof slab 100. When the sound level meter 12 does not detect the sound produced by the buzzer 11, the buzzer 11 is located below the collapsed roof slab 100.

[0048] Specifically, the sound level meter 12 placed at the top of the borehole 400 can continuously monitor the sound of the buzzer 11 inside the borehole, and the position of the buzzer 11 can be obtained by monitoring the depth counter 2. Based on the abrupt change point of the signal monitored by the sound level meter 12 at the borehole opening of the borehole 400, the position of the buzzer 11 inside the borehole can be determined as the boundary of the collapsed top plate 100. Then, the collapse height can be calculated based on the depth data of the buzzer 11 and the initial height of the ore block.

[0049] The distance between the borehole 400 opening and the surface of the collapsed ore pile 200 can be measured by the rangefinder 3 located at the borehole 400 opening. The height of the void 300 can then be calculated based on the collapse height of the top plate.

[0050] In some embodiments, multiple boreholes 400 are arranged at certain intervals to monitor the height of the collapsed roof and void area in the natural caving method of the present invention. By connecting the positions of the collapsed roof 100 monitored by the multiple boreholes 400, a three-dimensional space covering the collapsed roof 100 and void area 300 of the entire mining area can be deduced.

[0051] In some embodiments, the natural caving mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system further includes a data acquisition unit 4 and a power supply unit 5. The data acquisition unit 4 is connected to a sound level meter 12, a counter 2, and a rangefinder 3 to record the sound signal generated by the buzzer 11 collected by the sound level meter 12, the depth data of the buzzer 11 in the borehole 400 recorded by the counter 2, and the distance data between the end of the borehole 400 away from the caving roof 100 and the surface of the caving ore pile 200 measured by the rangefinder 3. The power supply unit 5 is used to supply power to the data acquisition unit 4, the first sensor 1, the counter 2, and the rangefinder 3.

[0052] Specifically, power supply component 5 is a battery pack.

[0053] In some embodiments, the natural caving mine roof collapse and void height monitoring device system further includes a drive unit 81, a cable reel 82, and a power signal line 83. The drive unit 81 is connected to the cable reel 82 to drive the cable reel 82 to rotate. The power signal line 83 is wound on the cable reel 82 and is connected to the data acquisition unit 4 and the buzzer 11.

[0054] Specifically, the drive unit 81 drives the cable reel 82 to rotate, and the two are connected by a shaft drive. The forward and reverse rotation of the drive unit 81 enables the cable reel 82 to rotate in both directions, thereby lowering and raising the power signal cable 83 within the borehole 400. When the drive unit 81 drives the cable reel 82 to rotate forward, the power signal cable 83 drives the buzzer 11 to descend towards the bottom of the borehole 400. When the drive unit 81 drives the cable reel 82 to rotate in reverse, the power signal cable 83 drives the buzzer 11 to move towards the opening of the borehole 400.

[0055] A power signal cable 83 is wound around a cable reel 82. One end of the power signal cable 83 is connected to a buzzer 11, and the other end is connected to a data acquisition unit 4. The power signal cable 83 provides power to the buzzer 11. Simultaneously, the lowering process of the power signal cable 83 also drives the counter 2 to rotate, thereby monitoring the lowering length of the power signal cable 83. The counter 2 rotates as the power signal cable 83 is lowered or raised, and the two are in close contact. By acquiring the rotation signal of the counter 2, the lowering length of the power signal cable 83 can be obtained.

[0056] Specifically, the drive component 81 is an electric motor.

[0057] Specifically, the data acquisition unit 4 is used to connect the rangefinder 3, the sound level meter 12 and the buzzer 11, and is also connected to the power supply unit 5 and the drive unit 81 to monitor the voltage and motor operating conditions.

[0058] In some embodiments, the natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system also includes a tablet computer 6, which is connected to the data acquisition unit 4 and is used to display the signals collected by the data acquisition unit 4 in real time.

[0059] Specifically, the tablet computer 6 is used to install monitoring software to achieve real-time display of monitoring data. By connecting the tablet computer 6 to the mine communication system wirelessly or via wired connection, remote monitoring, debugging, and data transmission of the aforementioned equipment can be achieved.

[0060] Specifically, power supply component 5 supplies power to drive component 81, counter 2, data acquisition unit 4, and tablet computer 6.

[0061] In some embodiments, the natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system further includes a body 71 and wheels 72. A first sensor 1, a counter 2 and a rangefinder 3 are mounted on the body 71. The first sensor 1 is movable relative to the body 71, and the wheels 72 are mounted on the bottom of the body 71.

[0062] Specifically, the sound level meter 12, power supply 5, drive unit 81, data acquisition unit 4, tablet computer 6, and cable reel 82 are mounted on the main body 71, and the buzzer 11 is movable relative to the main body 71, while the cable reel 82 is rotatable relative to the main body 71.

[0063] Wheels 72 are located at the bottom of the main body 71, allowing the main body 71 to move freely in underground tunnels. The main body 71 is made of steel, which can effectively withstand the impact of ore falling from the top of the tunnel. Therefore, the natural caving method mine caving roof and goaf height monitoring device system of this invention has low cost and can monitor data continuously in real time with high accuracy, effectively guiding mine production.

[0064] In some embodiments, the body 71 has a power interface 73, through which the body 71 can be connected to a power source outside the mine.

[0065] Specifically, the main body 71 is connected to a power source outside the mine via a power interface 73 to provide continuous power to the natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system of this embodiment, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the device system.

[0066] Specifically, the main body 71 can be connected to an external 220V power supply through the power interface 73.

[0067] Therefore, the natural caving method mine caving roof and void height monitoring device system of this invention can not only use an external power supply, but also a battery power supply mode, thereby effectively ensuring the long-term stable operation of the vehicle-mounted equipment. The system also has a real-time monitoring data acquisition function, and can be connected to the mine communication network wirelessly or via wired means to realize remote monitoring, debugging, and data transmission of the vehicle-mounted equipment.

[0068] A copper mine employs the natural caving method. The previous section of mining is nearing completion, and the mine is currently transitioning to the next section, with a distance of approximately 120 meters between the two sections. To improve the safety of the next section's natural caving mining, the roof collapse monitoring device proposed in this invention was used to monitor the roof position and the vacant area height of 300 meters.

[0069] The method for monitoring the height of the collapsed roof and void area in a mine using the natural caving method according to embodiments of the present invention includes:

[0070] A borehole 400 is drilled in the mine, and borehole 400 is connected to the empty area 300.

[0071] Specifically, a vertical borehole 400 is drilled downwards in the upper-middle level transport roadway. The bottom of borehole 400 is located 2-3 meters above the bottom blasting layer. The diameter of borehole 400 is approximately 100 mm, and the depth is approximately 100 m. The surrounding rock of the roadway where the borehole 400 is located needs to be reinforced with shotcrete and anchor mesh to prevent local rockfalls from impacting the equipment.

[0072] A first sensor 1, a counter 2, and a rangefinder 3 are set up. The first sensor 1 moves within the borehole 400 and generates and records sound. The rangefinder 3 is used to measure the distance between the end of the borehole 400 away from the collapsed roof 100 and the surface of the collapsed ore pile 200. The counter 2 is used to record the depth data of the first sensor 1 within the borehole 400.

[0073] Specifically, the first sensor 1 includes a buzzer 11 and a sound level meter 12. The buzzer 11, rangefinder 3, and sound level meter 12 are positioned at the end of the borehole 400 furthest from the empty area 300. The connection status between the data acquisition unit 4, power supply unit 5, driver unit 81, tablet computer 6, counter 2, and power signal line 83 is checked. The power supply unit 5 is turned on, and system debugging is performed. The power supply unit 5 is then activated, and the data acquisition unit 4 is turned on to collect data.

[0074] Specifically, when the drive unit 81 rotates forward, the power signal cable 83 lowers the buzzer 11 to the bottom of the borehole 400; conversely, it raises it. The depth counter 2 displays the depth in the data acquisition system on the tablet computer 6. The buzzer 11 operates in a continuous beep mode, and the sound level meter 12 on the upper part of the borehole 400 detects the sound and displays the decibel level in the data acquisition system on the tablet computer 6. The rangefinder 3 emits a laser towards the bottom of the borehole 400. The laser ranging length is displayed in the data acquisition system on the tablet computer 6. The height of the empty area 300 is displayed in the data acquisition system on the tablet computer 6.

[0075] Specifically, the buzzer 11 moves and sounds within the borehole 400, with a lowering speed of approximately 2 m / min. As the buzzer 11 is lowered, the sound level meter 12 collects continuous, approximately constant sound level data, while the depth counter 2 collects continuously increasing depth data. When the sound level meter 12 reading significantly decreases or reaches approximately 50 dB, the buzzer 11 is located at the boundary of the collapsed roof slab 100. If the sound level meter 12 reading remains low or approximately 50 dB as the buzzer 11 continues to be lowered by about 1 m, it indicates that the buzzer 11 is below the collapsed roof slab 100. At this point, the automatic control system reverses the electric motor to raise the buzzer 11.

[0076] When the buzzer 11 is raised to a certain height, and the sound level meter 12 reading jumps and remains approximately constant, the buzzer 11 enters the borehole 400, at which point the buzzer 11 is located at the boundary of the collapsed roof slab 100. As the buzzer 11 continues to rise by 5m, if the sound level meter 12 reading remains approximately constant, the electric motor is adjusted to rotate forward to move the buzzer 11 towards the bottom of the borehole 400.

[0077] Specifically, the rangefinder 3 is set to continuous measurement mode, reading data 10 times per minute. The data from the rangefinder 3 at the moment when the sound level meter 12 data changes abruptly is the distance from the borehole 400 to the top of the collapsed ore pile 200.

[0078] The height of the empty zone 300 is obtained by subtracting the data measured by the counter from the data measured by the rangefinder 3.

[0079] The method for monitoring the height of collapsed roof and void in a natural caving mine according to an embodiment of the present invention involves a first sensor 1 generating and recording sound as it moves within a borehole 400. During this process, a counter 2 records the depth data of the first sensor 1 as it moves within the borehole 400. The height of the void is obtained by subtracting the distance measured by the rangefinder 3 between the end of the borehole 400 furthest from the collapsed roof 100 and the surface of the collapsed ore pile 200 from the depth data. Thus, the method of the natural caving mine roof and void height monitoring device system according to an embodiment of the present invention can monitor the height of the void 300 in real time with high accuracy, thereby effectively guiding mine production and improving mine production safety.

[0080] In some embodiments, the distance measured by the rangefinder 3 is the distance from the end of the borehole 400 away from the void 300 to the top of the collapsed ore pile 200 when the sound generated by the first sensor 1 changes abruptly.

[0081] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0082] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0083] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0084] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0085] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0086] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the height of the roof and goaf of a natural caving mine, characterized in that, Comprise: Drill a borehole (400) on the mine, the borehole (400) communicates with the empty area (300); Set a first sensor (1), a counter (2) and a range finder (3), the first sensor (1) moves in the borehole (400) and produces sound and records sound, the range finder (3) is used for measuring the distance of the end of the borehole (400) away from the caving roof (100) and the surface of the caving ore pile (200), the counter (2) is used for recording the depth data of the first sensor (1) in the borehole (400); The data measured by the range finder (3) minus the data measured by the counter (2) is the height of the empty area (300); The data measured by the range finder (3) is the distance from the end of the borehole (400) away from the empty area (300) to the top of the caving ore pile (200) when the sound produced by the first sensor (1) changes suddenly; There is an empty area (300) between the caving roof (100) and the caving ore pile (200), and there is a borehole (400) on the mine, the borehole (400) extends to the surface of the caving roof (100) in the up-down direction and communicates with the empty area (300), and the empty area (300) is located below the caving roof (100), The natural caving method mine caving roof and empty area height monitoring device system comprises: A first sensor (1) is located in the borehole (400) and can move in the borehole (400) in the up-down direction, the first sensor (1) can produce sound and record sound; A counter (2) is connected with the first sensor (1), the first sensor (1) can drive the counter (2) to rotate when moving in the borehole (400), the counter (2) can generate a rotation signal to record the depth data of the first sensor (1) in the borehole (400); A range finder (3) is arranged at the end of the borehole (400) away from the caving roof (100), the range finder (3) is used for measuring and recording the distance of the end of the borehole (400) away from the caving roof (100) and the surface of the caving ore pile (200), and the difference between the data measured by the range finder (3) and the data measured by the counter (2) is the height of the empty area (300); The first sensor (1) comprises a buzzer (11) and a sound level meter (12), the buzzer (11) can move in the borehole (400) in the up-down direction and produce sound, the sound level meter (12) is arranged at the end of the borehole (400) away from the caving roof (100), and the sound level meter (12) is connected with the buzzer (11) to receive and record the sound produced by the buzzer (11); With the descent of the buzzer (11), the sound level meter (12) can collect continuous approximately constant sound level data, and the counter (2) collects continuously increasing depth data; when the sound level meter (12) data decreases to a preset decibel value, the buzzer (11) at this time is located at the boundary position of the caving roof (100); With the continuous descent of the buzzer (11), the sound level meter (12) data is still low or approximately the preset decibel value, indicating that the buzzer (11) is located below the caving roof (100), at this time the electric motor is reversed by the automatic control system to lift the buzzer (11); When the buzzer (11) is lifted to a preset height, the sound level meter (12) data jumps and remains approximately constant, the buzzer (11) enters the inside of the drill hole (400), and the buzzer (11) at this time is located at the boundary position of the caving roof (100); With the continuous rise of the buzzer (11), if the data of the sound level meter (12) remains approximately constant, the electric motor is adjusted to rotate in the positive direction to move the buzzer (11) to the bottom of the drill hole (400).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sound level meter (12) collects the sound generated by the buzzer (11), the buzzer (11) is located in the drill hole (400) and above the caving roof (100), and when the sound level meter (12) does not collect the sound generated by the buzzer (11), the buzzer (11) is located below the caving roof (100).

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising a data collector (4) and a power supply (5), the data collector (4) is connected with the sound level meter (12), the counter (2) and the range finder (3) to record the sound signal generated by the buzzer (11) collected by the sound level meter (12), the depth data of the buzzer (11) in the drill hole (400) recorded by the counter (2) and the distance data of the end of the drill hole (400) away from the caving roof (100) and the surface of the caving ore pile (200) measured by the range finder (3), and the power supply (5) is used to power the data collector (4), the first sensor (1), the counter (2) and the range finder (3).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Further comprising a driving member (81), a winding device (82) and a power signal line (83), the driving member (81) is connected with the winding device (82) to drive the winding device (82) to rotate, the power signal line (83) is wound on the winding device (82), and the power signal line (83) is connected with the data collector (4) and the buzzer (11).

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Further comprising a tablet computer (6), the tablet computer (6) is connected with the data collector (4), and the tablet computer (6) is used to display the signals collected by the data collector (4) in real time.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also include the body (71) and the wheel (72), the first sensor (1), the counter (2) and the range finder (3) are arranged on the body (71), the first sensor (1) is movable relative to the body (71), the wheel (72) is arranged at the bottom of the body (71).

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The body (71) has a power interface (73), and the body (71) can be connected with the power supply outside the mine through the power interface (73).

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