A carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material, its preparation method and application. The material comprises a melamine sponge matrix, one side of the melamine sponge matrix is ​​modified with fluorochlorosilane, and the side after the fluorochlorosilane modification is coated with carbon black. The preparation method comprises the following steps: soaking one end of a cylindrical melamine sponge in an organic solvent containing fluorochlorosilane; placing the soaked cylindrical melamine sponge in a humidity generator to obtain a melamine sponge with one side fluorine-modified; and spraying an alcohol solution of carbon black on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge. The composite material of the present invention has a hydrophobic and oleophobic upper layer, which can be used for efficient light absorption while effectively intercepting salt ions and organic pollutants, and a hydrophilic lower layer for efficient water supply, thereby improving salt resistance, evaporation efficiency and stain resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a sponge-based composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, and in particular to a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solar desalination technology combines two of Earth's most abundant natural resources (solar energy and seawater). It is an economical, green, and sustainable technology that is of great significance in addressing the shortage of freshwater resources. In recent years, interfacial solar desalination technology has achieved high photothermal conversion efficiency due to its high light absorption rate and the fact that it only heats a small portion of the water at the gas-liquid interface. However, this high photothermal conversion efficiency is accompanied by the problem of salt deposition on the absorber surface during evaporation. Especially in highly concentrated brine, the accumulated salt reduces light absorption, lowers the vapor pressure, and hinders the subsequent evaporation of water, causing the evaporation efficiency to gradually decrease over time, which hinders the practical application of this technology.

[0003] Melamine sponge, a new environmentally friendly material, boasts manufacturing scalability, high porosity, a three-dimensional skeleton, excellent mechanical strength, and hydrophilicity. It has been widely used in the architectural decoration industry, transportation, home appliances, and electronic products. However, hydrophilic melamine sponge has very limited absorption of sunlight. Furthermore, if used directly in interfacial solar desalination, the concentration of inorganic salt ions in the sponge gradually increases with water evaporation. Upon reaching saturation, these salts precipitate, affecting light absorption and hindering subsequent water evaporation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material with good salt resistance, high evaporation efficiency and strong stain resistance;

[0005] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material;

[0006] The third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material in the fields of solar seawater desalination and high-salinity wastewater treatment.

[0007] Technical solution: The carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material of the present invention comprises a melamine sponge matrix, one side of the melamine sponge matrix is ​​modified with fluorochlorosilane, and the side after the fluorochlorosilane modification is coated with carbon black.

[0008] The preparation method of the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) soaking one end of the cylindrical melamine sponge in an organic solvent containing fluorochlorosilane;

[0010] (2) placing the soaked cylindrical melamine sponge in a humidity generator to obtain a melamine sponge with one side fluorine-modified;

[0011] (3) The alcohol solution of carbon black is sprayed on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0012] Wherein, in step (1), the fluorochlorosilane is 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane and / or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane; and the organic solvent is at least one of n-hexane, pentane or benzene.

[0013] Wherein, in step (1), the soaking time is 1-4 hours, so that the melamine sponge is partially soaked by fluorochlorosilane.

[0014] Wherein, in step (2), the standing time is 1-20 hours to allow melamine and fluorochlorosilane to fully react.

[0015] In step (2), the humidity of the humidity generator is 40-60% RH. The humidity generator is a drying oven; a water-soaked melamine sponge is placed in the drying oven, and the water in the melamine sponge evaporates under the heating of the drying oven to produce a humidity environment. The melamine sponge is preferably a cylinder with a diameter of 1-10 cm and a height of 0.5-5 cm; the amount of water used is 1-10 mL; and the heating temperature of the drying oven is preferably 40-80°C to provide different humidity environments.

[0016] Wherein, in step (3), the volume of the carbon black alcohol solution is 1-30 mL; the concentration of the carbon black alcohol solution is 0.1-10 mg / mL; and sufficient carbon black loading is ensured.

[0017] The present invention provides application of the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material in the fields of solar seawater desalination and high-salinity wastewater treatment.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following significant effects:

[0019] (1) The carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material has a hydrophobic and oleophobic upper layer, which can be used for efficient light absorption and can effectively intercept salt ions and organic pollutants. The hydrophilic lower layer is used for efficient water supply, thereby improving salt resistance, evaporation efficiency and stain resistance. (2) The melamine sponge itself has a high porosity that is conducive to the escape of steam. At the same time, it contains a large number of nitrogen-containing functional groups, which makes it hydrophilic and conducive to water diffusion. (3) Perfluorochlorosilane partially hydrophobically modifies the hydrophilic melamine sponge to form a fluorine-modified melamine sponge with a hydrophobic and oleophobic upper layer and a hydrophilic lower layer, which lays the foundation for rapid evaporation and good salt resistance and stain resistance. (4) Under one sun condition, with different concentrations of salt water as the water source, the evaporation rate reached 0.78-1.2 kg·m -2 ·h -1 (5) The carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material can operate stably in saturated salt water for 8 hours, and the light absorption surface remains free of salt precipitation. (6) The carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material has good oil-water separation performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a photo of the evaporation device for carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite materials;

[0021] Figure 2 Water contact angle diagrams of melamine sponge (a), fluorine-modified melamine sponge (b) and carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material (c), and oil contact angle of carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material (d);

[0022] Figure 3 This is the evaporation curve of carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material within 8 hours;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a photograph of the surface morphology of the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material changing with time during the evaporation process;

[0024] Figure 5 The following are photos of oil-in-water emulsion as raw water, before and after purification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is described in further detail below.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Material preparation:

[0028] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 2 cm;

[0029] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 2 mL of water and then place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 60°C to provide different humidity environments;

[0030] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a hexane solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane for 2 h;

[0031] Step 4: quickly placing the soaked melamine sponge in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 18 hours to obtain a melamine sponge with one side modified by fluorine;

[0032] Step 5: Take 3 mL of 10 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion and spray it on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0033] Performance testing:

[0034] (1) Prepare saturated NaCl solution;

[0035] (2) Assembling a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0036] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0037] The prepared carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0038] Under 1 sun conditions, the evaporation rate reached 1.18 kg·m with saturated NaCl solution as raw water. -2 ·h -1 , and no salt crystals are precipitated on the absorption surface within 8 hours; it uses water-in-oil emulsion as raw water and has good water-oil separation ability.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material evaporation device.

[0040] Figure 2 This is the contact angle diagram of the preparation process of carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material. It can be seen that the melamine sponge is successfully modified to be superhydrophobic, and it still maintains superhydrophobicity after spraying carbon black.

[0041] Figure 3 This is the evaporation curve of carbon black / fluorine modified melamine sponge composite material within 8 hours. Figure 3 The water evaporation rate can be calculated.

[0042] Figure 4This is a picture of the change of salt crystallization on the surface of carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material over time. It can be seen that no salt crystals are precipitated on its light-absorbing surface after 8 hours.

[0043] Figure 5 The photos of oil-in-water emulsion before and after purification show that the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material has good stain resistance and oil-water separation ability.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Material preparation:

[0046] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 0.5 cm;

[0047] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 1 mL of water and place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 40°C to provide different humidity environments.

[0048] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a hexane solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane for 1 hour;

[0049] Step 4: quickly placing the soaked melamine sponge in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 1 hour to obtain a melamine sponge with one side modified by fluorine;

[0050] Step 5: Take 30 mL of 0.1 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion and spray it on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0051] Performance testing:

[0052] (1) Prepare saturated NaCl solution;

[0053] (2) Assembling a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0054] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0055] The prepared carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0056] Under 1 sun conditions, the evaporation rate reached 0.92 kg·m with saturated NaCl solution as raw water. -2 ·h -1 , and there is no salt crystal precipitation on the light-absorbing surface; it uses water-in-oil emulsion as raw water and has good water-oil separation ability.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Material preparation:

[0059] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 4 cm and a height of 2.5 cm;

[0060] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 4 mL of water, and then place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 65°C to provide different humidity environments;

[0061] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a pentane solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane for 1.5 h;

[0062] Step 4: quickly placing the soaked melamine sponge in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 5 hours to obtain a melamine sponge with one side modified by fluorine;

[0063] Step 5: Take 6 mL of 1 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion and spray it on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0064] Performance testing:

[0065] (1) preparing a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution;

[0066] (2) Assembling a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0067] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0068] The prepared carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0069] Under 1 sun conditions, the evaporation rate reached 1.2 kg·m with 3.5 wt% NaCl solution as the raw water. -2 ·h -1 , and there is no salt crystal precipitation on the light-absorbing surface; it uses water-in-oil emulsion as raw water and has good water-oil separation ability.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] Material preparation:

[0072] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm;

[0073] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 6 mL of water, and then place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 70°C to provide different humidity environments;

[0074] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a benzene solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane for 2.5 hours;

[0075] Step 4: quickly placing the soaked melamine sponge in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 10 hours to obtain a melamine sponge with one side modified by fluorine;

[0076] Step 5: Take 9 mL of 4 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion and spray it on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0077] Performance testing:

[0078] (1) Prepare 45 mL of 10 wt% NaCl solution;

[0079] (2) Assembling a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0080] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0081] The prepared carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0082] Under 1 sun conditions, the evaporation rate reached 1.15 kg·m with 10 wt% NaCl solution as raw water. -2 ·h -1 , and there is no salt crystal precipitation on the light-absorbing surface; it uses water-in-oil emulsion as raw water and has good water-oil separation ability.

[0083] Example 5

[0084] Material preparation:

[0085] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 7.5 cm and a height of 4 cm;

[0086] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 8 mL of water, and then place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 75°C to provide different humidity environments;

[0087] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a hexane solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane for 3 hours;

[0088] Step 4: quickly placing the soaked melamine sponge in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 15 hours to obtain a melamine sponge with one side modified by fluorine;

[0089] Step 5: Take 12 mL of 6 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion and spray it on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0090] Performance testing:

[0091] (1) Prepare saturated NaCl solution;

[0092] (2) Assembling a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0093] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0094] The prepared carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0095] Under 1 sun conditions, the average evaporation rate of saturated NaCl solution as raw water reached 0.78 kg·m in 8 hours. -2 ·h -1 , and there is no salt crystal precipitation on the light-absorbing surface; it uses water-in-oil emulsion as raw water and has good water-oil separation ability.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] Material preparation:

[0098] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 5 cm;

[0099] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 10 mL of water, and then place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 80°C to provide different humidity environments;

[0100] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a hexane solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane for 4 hours;

[0101] Step 4: quickly placing the soaked melamine sponge in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 20 hours to obtain a melamine sponge with one side fluorine modified;

[0102] Step 5: Take 15 mL of 8 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion and spray it on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0103] Performance testing:

[0104] (1) Prepare saturated NaCl solution;

[0105] (2) Assembling a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0106] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0107] The prepared carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0108] Under 1 sun conditions, the evaporation rate reached 0.83 kg·m with saturated NaCl solution as raw water. -2 ·h -1 , and no salt crystals are precipitated on the absorption surface after 8 hours; it uses water-in-oil emulsion as raw water and has good water-oil separation ability.

[0109] Comparative Example 1

[0110] Material preparation:

[0111] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 2 cm;

[0112] Step 2: Spray 3 mL of 10 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion onto the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0113] Performance testing:

[0114] (1) Prepare saturated NaCl solution;

[0115] (2) Assembling a carbon black / melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0116] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0117] The carbon black / melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0118] Under 1 sun condition, the average evaporation rate of saturated NaCl solution as raw water reached 0.50 kg·m in 8 hours. -2 ·h -1 , and a large amount of salt crystals are precipitated on the light-absorbing surface; using water-in-oil emulsion as raw water, water-oil separation cannot be performed.

[0119] Comparative Example 2

[0120] Material preparation:

[0121] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 2 cm;

[0122] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 2 mL of water and then place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 60°C to provide different humidity environments;

[0123] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a hexane solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane for 2 h;

[0124] Step 4: The soaked melamine sponge is quickly placed in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 18 hours to obtain a melamine sponge with one side fluorine modified.

[0125] Performance testing:

[0126] (1) Prepare saturated NaCl solution;

[0127] (2) Assembling a fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material evaporation device;

[0128] (3) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0129] The fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0130] Under 1 sun conditions, the evaporation rate of saturated NaCl solution as raw water is only 0.35 kg·m -2 ·h -1 , and salt crystals precipitate on the light-absorbing surface after 8 hours; using water-in-oil emulsion as raw water, it does not have the ability to separate water and oil.

[0131] Comparative Example 3

[0132] Material preparation:

[0133] Step 1: Use a mold to cut the melamine sponge into a cylinder with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 2 cm;

[0134] Step 2: Wet a cylindrical melamine sponge with 2 mL of water and then place the wetted sponge in a drying oven at 60°C to provide different humidity environments;

[0135] Step 3: Soak the melamine sponge part in a hexane solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane for 5 hours;

[0136] Step 4: quickly placing the soaked melamine sponge in the different humidity environments obtained in step 2 for 18 hours to obtain a melamine sponge with one side modified by fluorine;

[0137] Step 5: Take 3 mL of 10 mg / mL carbon black-ethanol dispersion and spray it on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

[0138] Performance testing:

[0139] (4) Prepare saturated NaCl solution;

[0140] (5) Assembling a carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite evaporation device;

[0141] (6) The evaporation device is set at 1 solar intensity, i.e. 1kW·m -2 The experiment was carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the mass change curve of the device was recorded in real time by an electronic balance.

[0142] The prepared carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material was tested for evaporation and salt resistance. The experimental results are as follows:

[0143] Under 1 sun conditions, the evaporation rate of saturated NaCl solution as raw water is only 0.20 kg·m -2 ·h -1 , and no salt crystals were precipitated on the absorption surface after 8 hours; using water-in-oil emulsion as raw water, it does not have good water-oil separation ability.

[0144] In summary, the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material prepared by the present invention has the characteristics of a hydrophobic upper layer and a hydrophilic lower layer, achieving resistance to high-concentration salt water while also having good oil-water separation performance. The carbon black spraying improves light absorption performance, maintaining good evaporation performance.

Claims

1. A carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material, characterized in that: The invention comprises a melamine sponge substrate, one side of the melamine sponge substrate is modified with fluorochlorosilane, and the side modified with fluorochlorosilane is coated with carbon black; The preparation method of the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material comprises the following steps: (1) Soaking one end of the cylindrical melamine sponge in an organic solvent containing fluorochlorosilane; the fluorochlorosilane is 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane and / or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane; (2) placing the soaked cylindrical melamine sponge in a humidity generator to obtain a melamine sponge with one side modified by fluorine; the humidity of the humidity generator is 40-60% RH; the humidity generator is a drying oven; the melamine sponge soaked in water is placed in the drying oven, and the water in the melamine sponge evaporates under heating conditions to produce a humidity environment; (3) The alcohol solution of carbon black is sprayed on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

2. A method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Soak one end of the cylindrical melamine sponge in an organic solvent containing fluorochlorosilane; (2) placing the soaked cylindrical melamine sponge in a humidity generator to obtain a melamine sponge with one side fluorinated; (3) The alcohol solution of carbon black is sprayed on the fluorine-modified side of the melamine sponge.

3. The method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), the fluorochlorosilane is 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane and / or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane.

4. The method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 2, wherein: In step (2), the humidity of the humidity generator is 40-60% RH.

5. The method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), the soaking time is 1-4 h.

6. The method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the standing time is 1-20 h.

7. The method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the volume of the carbon black alcohol solution is 1-30 mL.

8. The method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the concentration of the carbon black alcohol solution is 0.1-10 mg / mL.

9. The method for preparing the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the humidity generator is a drying oven; a melamine sponge soaked in water is placed in the drying oven, and the water in the melamine sponge evaporates under heating conditions to generate a humidity environment.

10. Use of the carbon black / fluorine-modified melamine sponge composite material according to claim 1 in the fields of solar seawater desalination and high-salinity wastewater treatment.

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