TBM continuous tunneling method for multiple coal mine roadways

Abstract

The application discloses a TBM continuous tunneling multi-coal mine roadway construction method and relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway excavation, and comprises the following steps: a serpentine roadway is excavated in a coal mine working face by using a TBM, the serpentine roadway comprises a gas and water disaster control straight roadway part and an arc-shaped connecting roadway part, and the gas and water disaster control straight roadway parts at the head and tail of the serpentine roadway are both communicated with a mining area system roadway; when the TBM continuously tunnels to the maximum tunneling length, a communication roadway part communicated with the gas and water disaster control straight roadway part is excavated from the mining area system roadway; a closed wall is formed between two adjacent gas and water disaster control straight roadway parts; the TBM tunneling equipment is avoided from being disassembled, transported, assembled and started multiple times in the underground, multiple disassembly and assembly chambers do not need to be excavated, the excavation amount of auxiliary chambers is reduced, and meanwhile, the disassembly and transportation cycle of the TBM tunneling equipment is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine roadway excavation technology, specifically to a method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing depth of coal mining, safety hazards such as gas and water disasters are growing daily. Numerous gas and water hazard control roadways need to be constructed in stable rock strata to address these hazards before coal seam excavation and mining operations can commence. Generally, gas and water hazard control roadways are located in the roof or floor strata of the coal face, and each coal face is equipped with at least one gas and water hazard control roadway parallel to the mining direction. When using a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) to excavate gas and water hazard control roadways, a TBM assembly chamber must be established at the roadway's starting point. The TBM is assembled in the assembly chamber before excavation begins. After excavating one roadway, the TBM must be disassembled in situ, and the TBM components transported to the assembly chamber for the next roadway before excavation of the next roadway can commence. This leads to the following problems: 1) TBM disassembly and assembly are time-consuming, accounting for about half of the tunneling time, with a significant amount of time wasted on TBM disassembly, relocation, assembly, and commissioning; 2) Frequent TBM disassembly and assembly increase TBM wear and tear, significantly reducing its service life; 3) Frequent disassembly and relocation require the construction of assembly chambers for each roadway, increasing the workload, construction period, and project cost. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for continuous TBM tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways, so that after tunneling a gas and water hazard control roadway in one working face, the next roadway can be tunneled without disassembly and assembly.

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the inventors of this invention have finally obtained this invention after a long period of research and practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for continuous excavation of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM, which solves the problem that in existing coal mine roadway excavation, the TBM must be assembled in an assembly chamber before excavation can begin, and after excavating one roadway, the TBM must be disassembled on-site and the TBM components transported to the assembly chamber of the next roadway for assembly before the next roadway can be excavated.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution, and the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] TBM is used to excavate serpentine roadways in the working face of a coal mine. The serpentine roadway includes a gas and water hazard control straight roadway section and an arc-shaped connecting roadway section. The gas and water hazard control straight roadways at the beginning and end of the serpentine roadway are connected to the roadways of the mining area system.

[0007] When the TBM is continuously tunneling to the maximum tunneling length, a connecting roadway is excavated from the mining area system roadway to connect with the gas and water hazard control straight roadway.

[0008] A sealing wall was constructed between the two adjacent gas and water hazard control straight tunnels.

[0009] Preferably, the number of straight roadways for gas and water hazard control in the serpentine roadway is two or more, and the number of arc-shaped connecting roadways is one or more.

[0010] Preferably, before excavating the serpentine roadway, an assembly chamber connected to the mining area system roadway is excavated, and the TBM is assembled in the assembly chamber, which is the starting point of the serpentine roadway.

[0011] Preferably, the distance from the end point of the gas and water hazard control straight roadway section in the middle position to the mining area system roadway is greater than the radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway section.

[0012] Preferably, the angle of the arc-shaped connecting roadway is 180°, and the geometric relationship between the arc-shaped connecting roadway and the gas and water hazard control straight roadway is tangent.

[0013] Preferably, the sealing wall adopts a double-wall filling structure or a fully concrete cast-in-place structure.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting tunnel section is constructed using fully mechanized tunneling or blasting.

[0015] Preferably, the turning angle of the arc-shaped connecting roadway is 180°; the radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway is:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula: R—the turning radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway;

[0018] d—the horizontal distance between two gas control tunnels;

[0019] h — The elevation difference between the two gas control tunnels.

[0020] Preferably, the maximum tunneling length of continuous TBM tunneling is verified using air supply and power supply capabilities. The air supply capability verification formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, L 供风 —Limited length, ρ—air density, V—design wind speed, f—friction coefficient, D—duct diameter;

[0023] Power supply capacity verification is performed based on voltage loss caused by long-distance cables:

[0024]

[0025] Therefore, the maximum tunneling distance checked based on voltage drop is:

[0026]

[0027] ΔU% — Allowable voltage drop for TBM equipment; —Total calculated load on the selected conductor; L 供电 — Length of power supply conductor; C — Voltage drop calculation constant; S — Cross-sectional area of ​​conductor;

[0028] Therefore, the maximum length L that a TBM can continuously tunnel is 掘进 =min{L 供风 ,L 供电}

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. This invention avoids multiple disassembly, transportation, assembly, and launch of TBM tunneling equipment underground, eliminating the need to excavate multiple disassembly and assembly chambers and reducing the excavation volume of auxiliary chambers; it also shortens the disassembly and transportation cycle of TBM tunneling equipment.

[0031] 2. This invention fully leverages the advantages of TBM for long-distance construction, which can significantly shorten the construction period of tunnel excavation and reduce construction costs. It is of great significance for ensuring normal mine succession and achieving the goal of high-yield and high-efficiency construction.

[0032] 3. The maximum tunneling length of the TBM can be calculated, and connecting tunnel sections can be excavated at the corresponding locations. When excavation continues, the connecting tunnel sections can be used to shorten the air supply and power supply distance of the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation tunnel structure of the present invention.

[0034] The numbers in the image represent:

[0035] 1-Assemble the chamber; 2-First gas and water hazard control straight roadway section; 3-First arc-shaped connecting roadway section; 4-Second gas and water hazard control straight roadway section; 5-Second arc-shaped connecting roadway section; 6-Demolish the chamber; 7-Mining area system roadway; 8-Connecting roadway section; 9-First sealing wall; 10-Second sealing wall. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The above-mentioned and other technical features and advantages of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment provides a technical solution: a method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM, referring to... Figure 1 This includes the following steps:

[0039] There are mining area system roadways 7 in the rock strata of the coal seam roof or floor on one side of the coal mining face. An assembly chamber 1 connected to the mining area system roadway 7 is excavated. The assembly chamber 1 is located on one side of the initial working face, i.e. the first working face.

[0040] The TBM is assembled in assembly chamber 1, which is the starting point of the first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2. The TBM is used to excavate the first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2 in the rock strata of the roof or floor of the first working face. The first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2 is set horizontally, and the direction of excavation of the first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2 is away from the side of the mining area system roadway 7. The excavation length of the first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2 is determined according to the length of the first working face.

[0041] When the first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2 reaches its end, the TBM is operated to excavate the first arc-shaped connecting roadway section 3 to one side of the second working face, and the end of the first arc-shaped connecting roadway section 3 extends into the second working face. The angle of the first arc-shaped connecting roadway section 3 is 180°. The geometric relationship between the connection between the first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2 and the first arc-shaped connecting roadway section 3 is tangent, so as to improve the stability of the TBM operation. The setting of the first arc-shaped connecting roadway section 3 can enable quick and smooth entry into the second working face.

[0042] The second gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 4 is excavated in the second working face using a TBM. The direction of the excavation of the second gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 4 is close to the side of the mining area system roadway 7. The end point of the excavation of the second gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 4 needs to be at a certain distance from the mining area system roadway 7.

[0043] The second arc-shaped connecting roadway 5 is excavated to one side of the third working face, and the end of the second arc-shaped connecting roadway 5 is located within the third working face. The angle of the second arc-shaped connecting roadway 5 is 180°. The geometric relationship between the connection between the second gas and water hazard control straight roadway 4 and the second arc-shaped connecting roadway 5 is tangent, so as to facilitate the stability of the TBM during operation.

[0044] The distance from the end of the second gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 4 to the mining area system roadway 7 is greater than the radius of the second arc-shaped connecting roadway section 5, to prevent the second arc-shaped connecting roadway section 5 from connecting with the mining area system roadway 7 during excavation.

[0045] When the TBM is continuously excavated to the maximum excavation length, a connecting roadway 8 is excavated from the mining area system roadway 7 to connect with the gas and water hazard control straight roadway. If the maximum excavation length has not been reached while excavating the gas and water hazard control straight roadway, there is no need to construct the connecting roadway 8 until the maximum excavation length is about to be exceeded, in order to shorten the roadway ventilation and power supply distance.

[0046] Beforehand, calculations were performed to determine the maximum continuous tunneling length of the TBM and the excavation location of the connecting roadway 8. When excavating the corresponding gas and water hazard control straight roadway, the connecting roadway 8 was excavated starting from the mining area system roadway 7, so that the connecting roadway 8 and the gas and water hazard control straight roadway could be finally connected. At the same time, the construction efficiency could be increased and the construction period could be shortened. The connecting roadway 8 was constructed using fully mechanized tunneling or blasting. The connecting roadway 8 and the gas and water hazard control straight roadway together formed a coal mine roadway. The connecting roadway 8 could carry out activities such as feeding, personnel entry, and slag removal.

[0047] While excavating the second arc-shaped connecting roadway section 5, one can enter through the coal mine roadway and construct the first sealing wall 9 inside the first arc-shaped connecting roadway section 3; after completing the second arc-shaped connecting roadway section 5, construct the second sealing wall 10 inside the second arc-shaped connecting roadway section 5; close the adjacent gas and water hazard control straight roadway section, and the sealing wall adopts a double-wall filling structure or a full concrete pouring structure.

[0048] After the gas and water hazard control tunnel section is sealed, when gas and water are being extracted, the gas and water in the tunnel will not flow into the next gas and water hazard control tunnel section. The excavation work of the next gas and water hazard control tunnel section can be carried out at the same time as the first gas and water hazard control tunnel section is being pumped out.

[0049] After completing the second arc-shaped connecting roadway section 5, the excavation of the next first gas and water hazard control straight roadway section 2 will begin. The operation will be repeated in a cycle as described above until all working faces are excavated until the last gas and water hazard control straight roadway section is connected to the mining area system roadway 7. During this excavation process, the TBM will excavate according to a serpentine trajectory.

[0050] Both the first arc-shaped connecting roadway section 3 and the second arc-shaped connecting roadway section 5 are connected to the mining area system roadway 7 via the connecting roadway 8.

[0051] The turning angle of the arc-shaped connecting roadway is generally 180°, and this is used to continuously excavate the next gas and water hazard control straight roadway; the radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway is:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula: R—the turning radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway;

[0054] d—the horizontal distance between two gas control tunnels;

[0055] h — The elevation difference between the two gas control tunnels.

[0056] After the TBM completes excavation, the last gas and water hazard control straight roadway connects with the mining area system roadway 7, forming demolition chamber 6. The TBM is then used for demolition within demolition chamber 6, and the materials are transported out through mining area system roadway 7.

[0057] This invention avoids the need for multiple disassembly, transportation, assembly, and launch of TBM tunneling equipment underground, eliminating the need to excavate multiple disassembly and assembly chambers and reducing the excavation volume of auxiliary chambers. It also shortens the disassembly and transportation cycle of TBM tunneling equipment. By fully leveraging the advantages of TBM long-distance construction, it can significantly shorten the construction period of roadway tunneling and reduce construction costs, which is of great significance for ensuring normal mine succession and achieving high-yield and efficient construction goals.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment is a further optimization based on Embodiment 1. The parts identical to the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. In a TBM continuous tunneling roadway, when the tunneling distance is too long to meet the air and power supply requirements, a new connecting roadway section 8 needs to be tunneled from the mining area system roadway 7, depending on the site conditions, to meet the roadway's air and power supply needs. Therefore, the maximum tunneling length of the TBM continuous tunneling needs to be calculated. When the length of the TBM continuous tunneling roadway exceeds the maximum tunneling length, a new connecting roadway section 8 needs to be tunneled from the mining area system roadway 7. The following setting method is adopted: In this embodiment, the maximum tunneling length of the TBM continuous tunneling is checked by the air and power supply capacity. The air supply capacity check formula is:

[0060]

[0061] Among them, L 供风 —Limited length, ρ—air density, V—design wind speed, f—friction coefficient, D—duct diameter;

[0062] Power supply capacity verification is performed based on voltage loss caused by long-distance cables:

[0063]

[0064] Therefore, the maximum tunneling distance checked based on voltage drop is:

[0065]

[0066] ΔU% — Allowable voltage drop for TBM equipment; —Total calculated load on the selected conductor; L 供电— Length of power supply conductor (one-way distance); C — Voltage drop calculation constant; S — Cross-sectional area of ​​conductor;

[0067] Therefore, the maximum length L that a TBM can continuously tunnel is 掘进 =min{L 供风 ,L 供电}

[0068] This allows for the determination of the maximum excavation length, which meets the needs for air and power supply while enabling the excavation of the connecting tunnel section 8 according to the construction schedule. The connecting tunnel section 8 will then be used to meet the subsequent air and power supply needs, thus allowing for a reasonable schedule arrangement.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art will understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalents can be made within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, all of which will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Using a TBM, a serpentine roadway is excavated within the rock strata of the roof or floor of the working face in a coal mine. The serpentine roadway includes a straight roadway section for gas and water hazard control and an arc-shaped connecting roadway section. The straight roadway sections for gas and water hazard control at the beginning and end of the serpentine roadway are connected to the roadway system of the mining area. When the TBM is continuously tunneling to the maximum tunneling length, a connecting roadway is excavated from the mining area system roadway to connect with the gas and water hazard control straight roadway. A sealing wall was constructed between the two adjacent gas and water hazard control straight tunnels.

2. The method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of straight roadways for gas and water hazard control in the serpentine roadway is two or more, and the number of arc-shaped connecting roadways is one or more.

3. The method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before excavating the serpentine roadway, an assembly chamber connected to the mining area system roadway is excavated, and the TBM is assembled in the assembly chamber, which is the starting point of the serpentine roadway.

4. The method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the end point of the gas and water hazard control straight roadway in the middle position to the mining area system roadway on the side closer to the mining area system roadway is greater than the radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway.

5. The method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turning angle of the arc-shaped connecting roadway is 180°, and the geometric relationship between the arc-shaped connecting roadway and the gas and water hazard control straight roadway is tangent.

6. The method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosed wall adopts a double-wall filling structure or a fully concrete casting structure.

7. The method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting tunnel section is constructed using fully mechanized tunneling or blasting.

8. The method for continuous tunneling of multiple coal mine roadways using a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped connecting roadway has a turning angle of 180°; the radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway is: In the formula: R—the turning radius of the arc-shaped connecting roadway; d—the horizontal distance between the sections of the two gas and water hazard control tunnels; h—the elevation difference between the two gas and water hazard control straight roadways.

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