Machining of Two Special-shaped Parts and Their Machining Fixtures

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of machining, and specifically discloses the machining of two special-shaped parts and their machining fixtures, including the following steps: S1. The blank parts of the small support base and the large support base are manufactured integrally to form a combined blank. The combined blank includes paired small supports, paired large support bases, and radially connected ribs. The small support base and the large support base are located at the ends of the connecting ribs, and all the arc surfaces are on the same circumferential surface; S2. The combined blank is fixed on the workbench of the lathe through the connecting ribs, and the lathe processes the arc surfaces on the combined blank at one time. The machining fixture includes a mounting base and a plurality of equal-height columns, and each equal-height column corresponds to a support base; a through hole is provided on the large support base of the combined blank, and the combined blank is fixed on the equal-height columns, and the cutter of the milling machine processes the guide rail surface of the combined blank. This solution aims to solve the problems of high clamping difficulty and high machining difficulty in the machining of two support bases with arc surfaces and high requirements for outer diameter consistency in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machining, and particularly to the machining of two special-shaped parts and their machining fixtures. Background Art

[0002] Among metal parts, there is a kind of part called a small support base and a large support base, and their structure diagrams are as shown in Appendix Figure 1 and Appendix Figure 2 As shown, the two support bases need to be in contact and cooperate with the inner hole of another part at the same time, and it is necessary to ensure that the contact area is greater than 70%. There are high requirements for the outer diameter dimensions of the arc surfaces of the small support base and the large support base; specifically, for the small support base, it is required that the outer diameter of the arc surface of the arc surface is in good dimensional consistency with the outer diameter of the arc surface of the large support base. At the same time, both the small support base and the large support base have guide surfaces, and the guide surfaces need to be milled to ensure the accuracy of the guide surfaces. The guide surfaces and the arc surfaces are opposite, but the side surfaces sandwiched between the guide surfaces and the arc surfaces are small-sized surfaces or very narrow and slender surfaces, resulting in great difficulty in clamping the parts during the machining of the small support base and the large support base, poor dimensional consistency of the outer diameters of the arc surfaces of the small support base and the large support base assembled after the machining of the arc surfaces of the parts, and great difficulty in machining the arc surfaces of the parts. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for machining two special-shaped parts and their machining fixtures, aiming to solve the problems of great clamping difficulty and great machining difficulty existing in the machining of two support bases with arc surfaces and high requirements for outer diameter consistency in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for machining two special-shaped parts, including the following steps: S1. Composite blank manufacturing: The blank parts of the small support base and the large support base are manufactured into one body to form a composite blank. The composite blank includes paired small supports, paired large support bases, and radially connecting ribs. The small support bases and the large support bases are located at the ends of the connecting ribs, and the arc surfaces of all the small support bases and the large support bases are located on the same circumferential surface; S2. Machining of the arc surface of the composite blank: The composite blank is fixed on the workbench of the lathe through the connecting ribs, and the rotation center of the workbench coincides with the center of the composite blank. The lathe performs one-time turning machining on the outer diameters of the arc surfaces of all the small support bases and the large support bases on the composite blank.

[0006] The principle and advantages of this solution are as follows: In actual application, two support seats with different structures are designed as a blank, and the arc surfaces of all support seats are located on the same circumference. This facilitates turning the arc surfaces of multiple support seats in one clamping after the combined blank formed by the large support seat and the small support seat is clamped on the lathe once. Compared with the prior art, it is not necessary to perform one clamping for turning the arc surface of each part, greatly reducing the number of clampings. At the same time, the presence of the connecting ribs makes the size of the part that can be clamped during clamping large, greatly reducing the clamping difficulty, that is, reducing the clamping difficulty. In addition, in this solution, because the lathe can conveniently perform one-time turning processing on the arc surfaces of multiple support seats located on the same circumferential surface in one clamping, the consistency of the outer diameters of the arc surfaces of the small support seats and large support seats that need to be used in cooperation is ensured. Moreover, the turning processing neither requires a fixture for clamping nor makes the processing method complicated and fast. While reducing the processing difficulty, it also greatly improves the processing efficiency. -

[0007] In addition, in the present invention, the small support seats and the large support seats both appear in pairs, which is convenient for the number consistency of the large support seats and the small support seats after processing. At the same time, the support seats that appear in pairs make the structure of the entire combined blank more uniform, which is beneficial to the uniform stress of the combined blank during the processing.

[0008] Preferably, as an improvement, the small support seats and the large support seats in the combined blank are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.

[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the connecting ribs of the combined blank are in a cross structure, and there is a pair of small support seats and a pair of large support seats. This provides a large installation space when fixing the combined blank on the workbench of the lathe through the connecting ribs. At the same time, when pressing and fixing the combined blank on the workbench of the lathe through a pressing plate, one pressing plate can simultaneously press the connecting ribs connecting adjacent large support seats and small support seats, which is beneficial to improving the pressing effect without increasing the number of pressing plates.

[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, the connecting ribs include an upper connecting rib and a lower connecting rib, and the upper connecting rib and the lower connecting rib are connected to the upper and lower ends of the small support seat and the large support seat. This makes the structure of the combined blank more stable.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, it further includes step S3: machining the guide rail surface of the combined blank. The steps of S3 are as follows: There is a through hole on the large support seat of the combined blank, and the axis of the through hole is parallel to the guide rail surface to be machined of the combined blank. Insert a bolt into the through hole of the combined blank, and fix the combined blank on the workbench of the milling machine through the bolt and the nut. The cutter of the milling machine processes the guide rail surfaces of the small support seat and the large support seat one by one.

[0012] Beneficial effects: This solution makes use of the original through holes on the large support seat blank, facilitating the direct clamping and fixing of the combined blank. The through holes are parallel to the guide rail surface, and during the milling process, the force direction on the workpiece is parallel to the axial direction of the bolt, which is conducive to locking through the bolt and nut, ensuring that the combined blank is not prone to displacement during the milling process and ensuring the stability of the milling clamping.

[0013] The processing tooling for two kinds of special-shaped parts, used for the described processing method, includes a mounting seat for fixing on the workbench of the milling machine. The upper surface of the mounting seat is provided with a plurality of equal-height columns, each equal-height column corresponding to a support seat, and the bolts are connected to the equal-height columns for mounting the large support seat.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Through the setting of the mounting seat and the equal-height columns, the combined blank can be elevated, ensuring that when the cutter mills the guide rail surface of the combined blank, the cutter will not hit the mounting seat after milling to the end of the part, ensuring that all the milling processing of the exposed area of the guide rail surface can be completed after the combined blank is clamped once, and further improving the processing efficiency of the part.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the equal-height columns for mounting the large support seat are provided with waist-shaped grooves, and the waist-shaped grooves are provided with threaded holes. The distance between two symmetric threaded holes on the mounting seat is equal to the distance between the through holes on two symmetric large support seats on the combined blank; so that after the bolt is inserted into the threaded hole, the positioning of the combined blank on the tooling is completed.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, a backing plate is padded between the end face of the large support seat and the nut before the nut locks the bolt for fixing the large support seat; so that the nut does not directly lock on the end face of the large support seat, reducing the wear of the nut screwing on the surface of the large support seat, and at the same time increasing the direct contact area when the end face of the large support seat is clamped, improving the clamping effect of the clamping.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, a support protrusion is provided in the middle of the mounting seat, and the support protrusion is used to support the connecting rib, so that the combined blank can also be supported in the middle, which is conducive to improving the milling stability during the milling process. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is an axonometric view of the large support seat and the small support seat targeted by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 For Figure 1 The top view.

[0020] Figure 3 It is an axonometric view of the combined blank of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 For Figure 3 The top view.

[0022] Figure 5 Isometric view of the combined blank for the embodiment of the present invention mounted on the lathe workbench.

[0023] Figure 6 Is Figure 5 Top view of.

[0024] Figure 7 Isometric view of the processing tooling for the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 Isometric view of the combined blank for the embodiment of the present invention mounted on the processing tooling.

[0026] Figure 9 Is Figure 8 Front view sectional view of. Specific implementation manners

[0027] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation manners:

[0028] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the specification include: small support base 1, large support base 2, arc surface 10, guide rail surface 20, through hole 21, connecting rib 3, lathe workbench 4, T-shaped guide rail 5, pressing plate 6, mounting seat 7, mounting strip 71, equal-height column 8, small equal-height column 81, large equal-height column 82, waist-shaped groove 821, threaded hole 822, support protrusion 9, backing plate 30, bolt 40.

[0029] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figures 3 to 9 Two processing methods for special-shaped parts include the following steps:

[0030] S1. Combined blank manufacturing: The blank parts of the small support base 1 and the large support base 2 are manufactured into one body to form a combined blank. The combined blank includes paired small supports, paired large support bases 2 and radially arranged connecting ribs 3. The small support base 1 and the large support base 2 are located at the ends of the connecting ribs 3. The arc surfaces 10 of all the small support bases 1 and the large support bases 2 are located on the same circumferential surface. The small support base 1 and the large support base 2 on the combined blank are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, there is a pair of small support base 1 and large support base 2 on the combined blank, the connecting rib 3 has a cross structure, the connecting rib 3 includes an upper connecting rib 3 and a lower connecting rib 3, and the upper connecting rib 3 and the lower connecting rib 3 are connected to the upper and lower ends of the small support base 1 and the large support base 2. The whole combined blank is formed by casting.

[0031] S2. Machining the arc surface 10 of the combined blank: The combined blank is fixed on the lathe workbench 4 through the connecting ribs 3. Specifically, there are multiple inverted T-shaped guide rails 5 on the lathe workbench 4. A square head bolt is slidably connected to the T-shaped guide rail 5. The head of the square head bolt is slidably connected to the T-shaped guide rail 5. A pressing plate 6 can be sleeved on the square head bolt, and a nut can be screwed above the pressing plate 6. After the combined blank is placed on the machine workbench, the same pressing plate 6 is used to press on two adjacent connecting ribs 3. Four pressing plates 6 distributed circumferentially around the combined blank press all the connecting ribs 3 tightly, realizing the fastening of the combined blank on the lathe workbench 4. The rotation center of the installed lathe workbench 4 coincides with the center of the combined blank. After the lathe workbench 4 rotates, it is convenient for the lathe tool to perform the outer diameter turning processing of the arc surface 10 on all the small support seats 1 and large support seats 2 on the combined blank that rotate synchronously and concentrically with the lathe workbench 4 at one time.

[0032] S3. Machining the guide rail surface 20 of the combined blank: A processing tooling is required. The processing tooling includes a mounting seat 7, equal-height columns 8 located around the mounting seat 7, and a support protrusion 9 located in the middle of the mounting seat 7. The equal-height columns 8 and the support protrusion 9 are integrally formed with the mounting seat 7. The mounting seat 7 is cylindrical, and multiple circumferentially evenly distributed mounting strips 71 are formed on the mounting seat 7. The processing tooling can be fixed on the workbench of the milling machine through the mounting strips 71.

[0033] Each equal-height column 8 corresponds to a support seat. In this embodiment, the equal-height column 8 includes a large equal-height column 82 and a small equal-height column 81. The large equal-height column 82 is used to support the large support seat 2, and the small equal-height column 81 is used to support the small support seat 1. A waist-shaped groove 821 is machined on the surface of the large equal-height column 82, and a threaded hole 822 is machined on the waist-shaped groove 821. The distance between two symmetrically arranged threaded holes 822 on the mounting seat 7 is equal to the distance between the through holes 21 on two symmetrically arranged large support seats 2 on the combined blank. Through holes 21 are provided on the large support seats 2 of the combined blank, and the axis of the through holes 21 is parallel to the guide rail surface 20 to be machined of the combined blank. The support protrusion 9 of the processing tooling is used to support the connecting rib 3.

[0034] After the outer diameter turning of the arc-shaped surface 10 of the combined blank is completed, the combined blank that has completed step S2 is removed and placed on a processing tool, wherein the processing tool is fixed on the milling machine workbench before installing the combined blank; when the combined blank is installed on the processing tool, a bolt 40 is first inserted into the through hole 21 of the combined blank, and one end of the bolt 40 is screwed into the threaded hole 822 of the large equal height column 82. After all the bolts 40 are inserted, a pad 30 is put on the bolt 40, and the pad 30 is located on the large support seat 2, and then the distance between the pad 30 and the equal height column 8 is reduced by the nut sleeved on the bolt 40 to fix the combined blank on the processing tooling. After the combined blank is fixed, the guide surface 20 of the combined blank protrudes from the equal height column 8 to provide an avoidance space for milling processing; when the milling machine processes the guide surface 20, the combined blank does not move, and the milling machine tool moves up and down to complete the processing of the guide surface 20. The milling machine tool processes the guide surfaces 20 of the small support seat 1 and the large support seat 2 one by one.

[0035] The above method and processing tooling are used to first perform outer diameter turning processing on the arc surface 10 of the large support seat 2 and the small support seat 1. The arc surface 10 processing of a pair of large support seats 2 and a pair of small support seats 1 can be completed by clamping the combined blank once. Moreover, due to the one-time processing, the consistency of the outer diameter dimensions of the large support seat 2 and the small support seat 1 used in pairs is guaranteed, which not only improves the processing accuracy, but also reduces the clamping difficulty and improves the processing efficiency. In addition, the turning processing does not need to rely on tooling, which reduces the cost.

[0036] During milling, the large support seat 2 has its own through hole 21 to fix the combined blank on the processing tooling. At the same time, the equal-height columns 8 on the processing tooling make the fixation of the combined blank simple and convenient on the one hand, and on the other hand, reserve space for the milling of the guide surface 20 of the combined blank, ensuring that each guide surface 20 can be milled after one clamping, greatly reducing the number of clamping times, costs and difficulties, and improving production efficiency and ensuring machining quality. The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A processing method for two special-shaped parts, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Manufacturing of combined blank: The blank parts of the small support base and the large support base are manufactured integrally to form a combined blank. The combined blank includes paired small supports, paired large support bases, and radially connecting ribs. The small support bases and the large support bases are located at the ends of the connecting ribs, and the arc surfaces of all the small support bases and the large support bases are located on the same circumferential surface; S2. Machining of the arc surface of the combined blank: The combined blank is fixed on the workbench of the lathe through the connecting ribs. The rotation center of the workbench coincides with the center of the combined blank. The lathe performs OD turning machining of the arc surfaces of all the small support bases and the large support bases on the combined blank at one time; In step S3, a through hole is provided on the large support base of the combined blank. The axial direction of the through hole is parallel to the guide rail surface to be machined of the combined blank. Bolts are inserted into the through holes of the combined blank, and the combined blank is fixed on the workbench of the milling machine through the bolts and nuts. The cutting tools of the milling machine machine the guide rail surfaces of the small support base and the large support base one by one.

2. The processing method of the two special-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the combined blank, the small support bases and the large support bases are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.

3. The processing method of the two special-shaped parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting ribs of the combined blank are in a cross structure, and there is a pair of small support bases and a pair of large support bases.

4. The processing method of the two special-shaped parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting ribs include an upper connecting rib and a lower connecting rib, and the upper connecting rib and the lower connecting rib are connected to the upper and lower ends of the small support base and the large support base.

5. Processing tooling for two special-shaped parts, characterized in that: For the processing method according to any one of claims 1-4, it includes a mounting base for fixing on the workbench of the milling machine. The upper surface of the mounting base is provided with a plurality of equal-height columns, each equal-height column corresponding to a support base, and the bolts are connected to the equal-height columns for mounting the large support base.

6. The processing tooling for two special-shaped parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The equal-height column for mounting the large support base is provided with a waist-shaped groove, and the waist-shaped groove is provided with a threaded hole. The distance between two symmetric threaded holes on the mounting base is equal to the distance between the through holes on two symmetric large support bases on the combined blank.

7. The processing tooling for two special-shaped parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before the nut is tightened, a backing plate is placed between the end face of the large support base and the nut for the bolt for fixing the large support base.

8. The processing tooling for two special-shaped parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: A support protrusion is provided in the middle of the mounting base for supporting the connecting ribs.

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